ALGEBRA LINEAL
208046
GRUPO 380
TAREA 2
VECTORES, MATRICES Y DETERMINANTES
NIXON FREDY OÑATE YUCO
16.769.927
TUTOR: Diana M. Parra V.
SEPTIEMBRE-2.022
208046A_1144
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD
Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería ECBTI
Ingeniería Industrial
ZCENTROSUR
EJERCICIO 1
EXPRESION ALGEBRAICA DE UN VECTOR
ANGULOS DIRECTORES VECTORES UNITARIOS
NORMA DE UN VECTOR
EJERCICIO 2
⃗ =𝒗
𝒖 ⃗ +𝒘
⃗⃗
⃗⃗ = (𝟑 + 𝟎)(−𝟖 + 𝟕)(𝟏 + (−𝟐))
𝑼
⃗𝑼
⃗ = (𝟑, −𝟏, −𝟏)
⃗𝑼
⃗ = (𝟑, −𝟏, −𝟏)
⃗⃗ | = √(𝒂)𝟐 + (𝒃)𝟐 + (𝒄𝟐)
|𝑼
⃗⃗ | = √(𝟑)𝟐 + (−𝟏)𝟐 + (−𝟏)𝟐
|𝑼
⃗⃗ | = √𝟗 + 𝟏 + 𝟏
|𝑼
|𝒖
⃗ | = √𝟏𝟏 ≈ 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐
⃗ | = (𝟒 − 𝟖, 𝟏) = √(𝟑)𝟐 + (−𝟖)𝟐 + (𝟏)𝟐
|𝒗
|𝒗
⃗ | = √𝟗 + 𝟔𝟒 + 𝟏 = √𝟕𝟒 ≈ 𝟖. 𝟔𝟎
|𝒘
⃗⃗ | = (𝟎, 𝟕, −𝟐) = √𝟎 + 𝟒𝟗 + 𝟒
|𝒘
⃗⃗ | = √𝟓𝟑 ≈ 𝟕. 𝟐𝟖
⃗⃗
𝑼
𝑼 = (𝟑, −𝟏, −𝟏) =
|𝒖
⃗|
(𝟑, −𝟏, −𝟏)
𝑼=
√𝟗 + 𝟏 + 𝟏
𝟑 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑√𝟏𝟏 −√𝟏𝟏 −√𝟏𝟏
𝑼̇ = ( , , )=( , , )
√𝟏𝟏 √𝟏𝟏 √𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑼 = (𝟎. 𝟗𝟎, −𝟎. 𝟑𝟎, −𝟎. 𝟑𝟎)
⃗𝒙 ⋅ 𝒚
⃗
𝒄𝒐𝒔 ∅ =
|𝒙
⃗ | ⋅ |𝒚⃗|
⃗⃗ = (𝟑, −𝟖, 𝟏) ⋅ (𝟎, 𝟕, −𝟐) = 𝟎 − 𝟓𝟔 − 𝟐 = −𝟓𝟖
⃗ ⋅𝒘
𝒗
−𝟓𝟖 −𝟓𝟖
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝓 = = = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟑 ≈ 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟖𝟒 grados
√𝟕𝟒⋅√𝟓𝟑 √𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟐
EJERCICIO 3
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑢⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = |2 −1 0|
0 3 −1
−1 0 2 0 2 −1
𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 = +| |𝑥 −| |𝑦 + | |𝑧
3 −1 0 −1 0 3
𝑢⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = [(−1) ⋅ (−1) − (0) ⋅ (3)]𝑥 − [(2) ⋅ (−1) − (0) ⋅ (2)]𝑦 +
[(2) ⋅ (3) − (−1) ⋅ (0)]𝑧
𝑢⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = (1 − 0)𝑥 − (−2 − 0)𝑦 + (6 − 0)𝑧
𝑢⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = (1𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 )
𝑢⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = (1,2,6)
𝑢⃗ ⋅ 𝑣
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦 𝑣 𝑢⃗ = ⋅𝑣
‖𝑣 ‖ 2
𝑢⃗ ⋅ 𝑣 = (2, −1,0) ⋅ (0, 3, −1)
𝑢⃗ ⋅ 𝑣 = (2.0) + (−1 ⋅ 3) + (0. −1)
𝑢⃗ ⋅ 𝑣 = 0 − 3 + 0 = −3
𝜈 = (0,3, −1)
‖𝑣 ‖ = √(0)2 + (3) 2 + (−1)2
2
‖𝑣 ‖ = √0 + 9 + 1 = √10 = (√10)
‖𝑣 ‖ = 10
(0,3, −1) ⋅ (2, −1,0)
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦 𝑣 𝑢⃗ = 2 ⋅ (0,3, −1)
(√10)
0−3+0
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦 𝑣 𝑢⃗ = 2 ⋅ (0.3, −1)
(√10)
−3
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦 𝑣 𝑢⃗ = ⋅ (0,3, −1)
10
0 −9 3
proy 𝑣 𝑢⃗ = ( , , ) = (0, −0.9,0.3)
10 10 10
EJERCICIO 4
8 3 0
D= 7 -1 3
0 -1 0
8 7 0
𝐷𝑇 |3 −1 −1|
0 3 0
4 0 2 5 3
B.C= 3 5 . 1 -2 0
1 -1
4(2) + 0(1) 4(5) + 0(-2) 4(3) + 0(0)
B.C = 3(2) + 5(1) 3(5) + 5(-2) 3(3) +5(0)
1(2) - 4(1) 1(5) - 4(-2) 1(3) - 4(0)
8+0 20+0 12+0
B.C= 6+5 15-10 9+0
2-4 5+8 3-0
8 20 12
B.C= 11 5 9
-2 13 3
2 8 -3
A= 3 -1 0 x5=
-1 1 2
10 40 -15
5A= 15 -5 0
-5 5 10
𝑼 = 𝟓𝑨 + 𝑩. 𝑪 + 𝑫𝑻
10 40 -15 8 20 12
U= 15 -5 0 + 11 5 9 +
-5 5 10 -2 13 3
8 7 0
3 -1 -1
0 3 0
10+8 40+20 (-15) +12 8 7 0
U= 15+11 (-5) +5 0+9 + 3 -1 -1
(-5) +(-2) 5+13 10+3 0 3 0
18 60 -3 8 7 0
U= 26 0 9 + 3 -1 -1
-7 18 13 0 3 0
18+8 60+7 (-3) + 0
U= 26+3 0+(-1) 9+(-1)
(-7) + 0 18+3 13+0
26 67 -3
U= 29 -1 8
-7 21 13
U= {26, 67, -3}
U= {29, -1, 8}
U= {-7, 21, 13}
u.
26 67 -3 X1
U= 29 -1 8 x X2
-7 21 13 X3
EJERCICIO 5
1 -1 3
A= 1 1 0
-2 7 6
det. A= 1 1 0 -(-1) 1 0 +3 1 1
7 6 -2 6 -2 7
det. A= 1 (1.6 - 0.7) + 1 (1.6 - 0.-2) + 3 (1.7- (1. -2))
det. A= 1 (6-0) + 1 (6-0) + 3 (7+2)
det. A= 6+6+27
det. A= 39
1 0 1 0 1 1
+ 7 6 - -2 6 + -2 7
-1 3 1 3 1 -1
cof (A)= - 7 6 + -2 6 - -2 7
-1 3 1 3 1 -1
+ 1 0 - 1 0 + 1 1
Cof (A)= (1.6 – 0.7) – (1.6 – 0. -2) + (1.7 – 1. (-2))
-(-1.6 – 3.7) + (1.6 – 3(-2)) – (1.7 – (-1). ( -2))
(-1.0 – 3.1) – (1.0 – 3.1) + (1.1 – (-1).1)
6 -6 9
cof (A)= 27 12 -5
-3 3 2
6 27 -3
adj (A)= -6 12 3
9 -5 2
6 27 −3
−1 1
𝐴 = |−6 12 3|
39
𝑎 −5 2
6 27 −3
39 39 39
| 6 12 3 |
𝐴−1 = −
| 39 39 39 |
9 −5 2
39 39 39
𝐴−1 =
0,15 0,69 -0,08
-0,15 0,31 0,08
0,23 -0,13 0,05
1 -1 3 1 0 0 F1
A= 1 1 0 0 1 0 F2
-2 7 6 0 0 1 F3
(F1 x 2 + F3)
-2 7 6 0 0 1
2 -2 6 2 0 0 +
0 5 12 2 0 1
1 -1 3 1 0 0
A= 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 5 12 2 0 1
(F1 x -1 + F2)
1 1 0 0 1 0
-1 1 -3 -1 0 0 +
0 2 -3 -1 1 0
1 -1 3 1 0 0
A= 0 2 -3 -1 1 0
0 5 12 2 0 1
(F2 x -5/2 +F3)
0 5 12 2 0 1
0 -5 15/2 5/2 -5/2 0 +
0 0 39/2 9/2 -5/2 1
1 -1 3 1 0 0
A= 0 2 -3 -1 1 0
0 0 39/2 9/2 -5/2 1
(F2 x 39/2 + F3 x 3)
0 0 117/2 27/2 -15/2 3
0 78/2 -117/2 -39/2 39/2 0 +
0 78/2 0 -12/2 24/2 3
1 -1 3 1 0 0
A= 0 78/2 0 -12/2 24/2 3
0 0 39/2 9/2 -5/2 1
(F1 x 39/2 + F3 x -3)
39/2 -39/2 117/2 39/2 0 0
0 0 -117/2 -27/2 15/2 -3 +
39/2 -39/2 0 12/2 15/2 -3
39/2 -39/2 0 12/2 15/2 -3
A= 0 78/2 0 -12/2 24/2 3
0 0 39/2 9/2 -5/2 1
(F2 x 1/2 + F1)
39/2 -39/2 0 12/2 15/2 -3
0 39/2 0 -12/4 24/4 3/2 +
39/2 0 0 24/8 108/8 -3/2
39/2 0 0 24/8 108/8 -3/2
A= 0 78/2 0 -12/2 24/2 3
0 0 39/2 9/2 -5/2 1
78/78 0 0 12/78 54/78 -6/78 F1 x 2/39
A= 0 156/156 0 -6/39 12/39 6/78 F2 x 2/78
0 0 78/78 18/78 -10/78 2/39 F3 x 2/39
𝐴−1 =
1 0 0 0,15 0,69 -0,08
0 1 0 -0,15 0,31 0,08
0 0 1 0,23 -0,13 0,05
EJERCICIO 6
1 2 -1 + - +
A= 3 0 1 - + -
4 2 1 + - +
0 1 3 1 3 0
det (A)= + 1 - 2 + (-1)
2 1 4 1 4 2
det (A)= 1(0.1-1.2) - 2 (3.1 – 1.4) + (-1) (3.2 – 0.4)
det (A)= 1 (-2) – 2 (-1) + (-1) (6)
det (A)= -2+2-6
det (A)= -6
METODO DE SARRUS
1 2 -1
3 0 1
det (A)= 4 2 1
1 2 -1
3 0 1
det (A)= (1.0.1) + (3.2.-1) + (4.2.1) – (-1.0.4) + (1.2.1) + (1.2.3)
det (A)= (0 + (-6) + 8) – (0 + 2 + 6)
det (A)= (0 – 6 + 8) – (0 + 2 + 6)
det (A)= (2) – (8)
det (A)= - 6
AMBOS METODOS ME PARECIERON MUY PRACTICOS SIEMPRE EN
CUANDO SE TENGA CLARO EL MAPA DE LOS SIGNOS PARA NO COMETER
ERRORES.
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS
Vectores_Unitarios.png (238×150) ([Link])
[Link] (1280×720) ([Link])
images (252×200) ([Link])
Grossman, S. I., Flores Godoy, J. J. (2019). Álgebra lineal:
Vectores en R2 y R3. Pág. (250-309). McGraw-
Hill. [Link]
[Link]/?il=9168&pg=250
Grossman, S. I., Flores Godoy, J. J. (2019). Álgebra lineal:
Vectores y matrices. Pág. (72-193).McGraw-
Hill. [Link]
[Link]/?il=9168&pg=72
Grossman, S. I., Flores Godoy, J. J. (2019). Álgebra lineal:
Determinantes. Pág. (194-149). [Link]
[Link]/?il=9168&pg=194
Zúñiga, C., Rondón, J. (2010). Módulo de Álgebra Lineal:
Matrices. Pág (81-105).Universidad Nacional Abierta y a
Distancia. [Link]
Zúñiga, C., Rondón, J. (2010). Módulo de Álgebra Lineal:
Determinantes. Pág (131-144). Universidad Nacional Abierta
ya
Distancia [Link]
