Desarrollo Seguro de Software - Códigos (v3)
Cargado por
20914942Temas abordados
- prevención de ataques,
- seguridad en bases de datos,
- consultas parametrizadas,
- manipulación de rutas,
- desbordamiento de buffer,
- prácticas de seguridad,
- evitar desbordamientos,
- uso de bibliotecas seguras,
- análisis de código,
- análisis de riesgos
Desarrollo Seguro de Software - Códigos (v3)
Cargado por
20914942Temas abordados
- prevención de ataques,
- seguridad en bases de datos,
- consultas parametrizadas,
- manipulación de rutas,
- desbordamiento de buffer,
- prácticas de seguridad,
- evitar desbordamientos,
- uso de bibliotecas seguras,
- análisis de código,
- análisis de riesgos
Common questions
Con tecnología de IATo prevent buffer overflow vulnerabilities, developers should avoid using functions like gets() and strcpy() that do not limit input size and are prone to buffer overflows. Instead, they should use fgets() and strncpy(), which allow specifying a maximum input size. Additionally, using snprintf() instead of sprintf() helps to ensure that data written into buffers does not exceed their capacity. Moreover, developers should conduct input length checks and parameter validations, ensuring that inputs do not exceed the designated buffer sizes .
Using functions like strcpy() and strcat() without length checks poses significant security risks due to their potential to cause buffer overflow, a common vulnerability that can be exploited for various attacks, such as remote code execution or denial of service. Since these functions do not check if the destination buffer can accommodate the source data, exceeding buffer boundaries can overwrite adjacent memory and potentially alter the program's execution path. Avoiding these functions or replacing them with safer alternatives like strncpy() and strncat(), which require specifying the size limit, is crucial to maintaining security .
An integer overflow vulnerability arises when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value outside the allowable range for its data type, such as exceeding the maximum value an integer can represent. When this occurs, the value wraps around, leading to unexpected results in calculations. These can be exploited by attackers to cause denial of service, bypass input validation, or execute arbitrary code by manipulating loop counters, buffer sizes, or memory allocations. Proper input validation and using types with a larger range, such as size_t for memory size calculations, are ways to mitigate these vulnerabilities .
Mitigating TOCTOU (Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use) vulnerabilities involves using atomic operations that do not separate the check and use phases, thereby preventing an attacker from altering the file between these operations. File operations should be performed using file descriptors obtained immediately after the check. Additionally, privilege separation, where critical operations are performed in a secure context, can also help manage the risk of TOCTOU vulnerabilities. Implementing proper locking mechanisms to ensure exclusive file access during critical operations is another strategy to minimize the risk .
Access controls and whitelisting play a crucial role in protecting against path traversal attacks by ensuring that only authorized files and directories are accessed by the application. By employing stringent access controls, the application can restrict file operations to only the allowed directories, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access. Whitelisting further strengthens this by explicitly allowing only specific files and resources to be accessed, thereby preventing attackers from exploiting path traversal sequences to navigate the filesystem maliciously. These measures limit the effectiveness of any malicious inputs attempting to manipulate file paths .
Using parameterized queries enhances SQL database security by separating the SQL code from the data being provided. This distinction ensures that user inputs are treated strictly as data and not as part of the SQL command. By forcing the database engine to treat input data as parameters, the risk of SQL injection attacks is minimized, since the input cannot alter the execution or logic of the SQL queries. This approach effectively blocks malicious strings that attackers might introduce to manipulate the database .
To avoid memory leaks in dynamic memory allocation, it is essential to ensure that all memory allocated with functions like malloc() is eventually freed using free() before the program terminates. Programmers should implement comprehensive error handling to free allocated memory in all code execution paths, including error conditions. Additionally, using flags or reference count mechanisms can assist in preventing double free errors, which can also lead to security vulnerabilities .
Input validation is crucial in preventing SQL injection attacks because it ensures that the parameters inserted into SQL queries do not contain harmful SQL code. By validating input, only alphanumeric characters are allowed, and any harmful sequences, such as those that could allow directory traversal or manipulation of SQL commands, are sanitized. This practice prevents attackers from injecting malicious SQL code through user inputs, thereby protecting the database from unauthorized access or data manipulation .
Verifying that a pointer is NULL before dereferencing it is critical because dereferencing a NULL pointer typically results in a segmentation fault, causing the program to crash. This checking prevents runtime errors and increases program stability. Additionally, failure to check for a NULL pointer can lead to undefined behavior, which malicious actors could exploit. Ensuring that a pointer is non-NULL before accessing its data is a fundamental practice in robust software development .
Improper validation of environmental variables can lead to security vulnerabilities by allowing attackers to manipulate the execution environment of an application. If an application reads an environmental variable, such as TERM, without verifying its length or content, it can lead to buffer overflows or path traversal vulnerabilities. This lack of validation can be exploited to inject or execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or trigger denial-of-service attacks. Ensuring that environmental variables are validated and sanitized is essential for secure application development .
