Calcular el volumen de la región D limitada por los planos coordenados y el plano x + y + 2z = 2.

Identificación de puntos

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 𝑦 𝑧 = 0 → 𝑥 = 2 → (2,0,0)

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 𝑦 𝑧 = 0 → 𝑦 = 2 → (0,2,0)

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑧 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 𝑦 𝑦 = 0 → 2𝑧 = 2 → (0,0,1)

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 → 𝑉(0,0,0)

Se forma un tetraedro con vértices en los puntos antes mencionados

𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑉
𝐷

𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 (𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛)

Consejo siempre deje al valor numérico al ultimo (primera integral) de izq a der)

Deje a la función de 1 variable en penúltimo (segunda integral) de izq a der)

Deje a la función de 2 variables antepenúltimo (tercera integral integral) de izq a der)

Límites de integración

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑋 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [0,2]
→0≤𝑥≤2

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 (𝑧 = 0) → 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥 (𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟), 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜,

0≤𝑦 ≤2−𝑥
2−𝑥−𝑦
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑧 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2 → 𝑧 = (𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟)𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜
2
2−𝑥−𝑦
0≤𝑧≤
2
 2−𝑥−𝑦
2 2−𝑥
2
𝑉=∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 0

2−𝑥−𝑦 2−𝑥−𝑦
2
2 2−𝑥−𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑧 =
0 2
0
2 2−𝑥 2 2−𝑥
2−𝑥−𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑉=∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ (1 − − ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 2 0 0 2 2
2−𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 2 2 − 𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
∫ ∫ (1 − − ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − − =2−𝑥− −
0 0 2 2 2 4 2 4
0
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
=2−𝑥−𝑥+ − +𝑥−1= −𝑥+1
2 4 4
2
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥2 2 8 4 2 2
𝑉 = ∫ ( − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = − −𝑥 = + −2= +2−2=
0 4 12 2 12 2 3 3
0

𝑥 𝑥
Calcular el área de la región limitada por las curvas 𝑦 = 4 , 𝑦 = 4𝑥, 𝑦 2 = 2 , 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥

Cambiando a un sistema curvilíneo

𝑥
𝑦= → 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎
4
𝑦 = 4𝑥 → 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝑥
𝑦2 = → 𝑦 2 = 4𝑝𝑥 → 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎
2
𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 → 𝑦 2 = 4𝑝𝑥 → 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎

Cambiamos a un sistema curvilíneo

 𝑦 𝑦2
𝑢= 𝑦 𝑣=
𝑥 𝑥
Rectificación de las rectas
𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 1
𝑦= →𝑢= →𝑢= 4 = =
4 𝑥 𝑥 4𝑥 4
𝑦 4𝑥
𝑦 = 4𝑥 → 𝑢 = →𝑢= =4
𝑥 𝑥
Rectificación de parábolas
𝑥
𝑥 𝑦2 𝑥 1
2
𝑦 = →𝑣= →𝑣= 2 = =
2 𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥 2
𝑦2 2𝑥
𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 → 𝑣 = →𝑣= =2
𝑥 𝑥
Obtengo el jacobiano
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 2𝑣 1
− 3
𝐽 = |𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 | = | 𝑢 𝑢2 | = |(− 2𝑣 ) (1) − ( 1 ) (− 𝑣 )| = |− 2𝑣 + 𝑣 | = |− 𝑣 | = 𝑣
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑣 1 𝑢3 𝑢 𝑢2 𝑢2 𝑢4 𝑢4 𝑢4 𝑢4
− 2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝑢 𝑢
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2 (𝑢𝑥)2
𝑢= → 𝑥 = ; 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 𝑦 𝑣= → = 𝑢2 𝑥
𝑥 𝑢 𝑥 𝑥
𝑣 𝑣
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑢 ( 2 ) =
𝑢 𝑢
𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑢2 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 2
𝑢
𝑣 𝑣
𝑥= 2 𝑦=
𝑢 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑣 2𝑣
= ( 2) = − 3
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑣 1
= ( 2) = 2
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝑢 𝑢
𝜕𝑦 𝜕 𝑣 𝑣
= ( )=− 2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
𝜕𝑦 𝜕 𝑣 1
= ( )=
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝑢 𝑢

𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝐽(𝑢, 𝑣)𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣
𝑅

4 2
𝑣
𝐴=∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑢
1 1 𝑢4
4 2
 2
2
𝑣 𝑣2 2 1 16 − 1 15
∫ 4 𝑑𝑣 = 4 1 = 4 − 4 = 4
= 4
1 𝑢 2𝑢 𝑢 8𝑢 8𝑢 8𝑢
2
2
4
15
𝐴=∫ 𝑑𝑢
1 8𝑢4
4
4
15 4 1 15 1 15 1 64 15 1 64 15 1365
= ∫ 4 𝑑𝑢 (− 3 1 ) = (− − (− )) = (− + )= ( )
8 1 𝑢 8 3𝑢 8 192 3 8 192 3 8 64
4
4
20475
= = 39.9902𝑢2
512

Aplicamos transformación de ecuaciones de frontera

𝑢 =𝑥+𝑦 𝑣 =𝑥−𝑦

función hiperbólica

𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 1 → (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1 → 𝑢𝑣 = 1

Funcion lineal

𝑥 =𝑦 →𝑥−𝑦 =0→𝑣 =0

𝑥+𝑦 =1→𝑢 =1

𝑥+𝑦 =2→𝑢 =2
 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝐽 = |𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 |
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
𝑢 =𝑥+𝑦 𝑣 =𝑥−𝑦

𝑣 =𝑥−𝑦 →𝑦 =𝑥−𝑣
𝑢+𝑣
𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑣 → 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 𝑣 → 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 2𝑥 → 𝑥 =
2
𝑢+𝑣 𝑢 + 𝑣 − 2𝑣 𝑢 − 𝑣
𝑦= −𝑣 = =
2 2 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑢+𝑣 1
= ( )=
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2 2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕 𝑢−𝑣 1
= ( )=
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑢+𝑣 1
= ( )=
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 2 2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕 𝑢−𝑣 1
= ( )=−
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 2 2
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐽 = |2 2 | = |( ) (− ) − ( ) ( )| = |− − | = |− | =
1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2
−
2 2
1 1
2 2
𝑢 𝑢1
𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝐽(𝑢, 𝑣)𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑢 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑢 =
1 0 1 0 2

1 1
𝑢 1
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑢 =
0 𝑢
0

1 21 1 2 1 1
𝐴= ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = (ln |𝑢| ) = (ln(2) − ln (1)) = (ln (2))
2 1 𝑢 2 2 2
1
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑅𝑥𝑦 Á𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑅𝑥𝑦 1 1 1 1
= 𝐽(𝑢, 𝑣) → = → Á𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑅𝑥𝑦 = ( ) ( (ln(2))) = ln(2) =
1
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑅𝑢𝑣 (ln(2)) 2 2 2 4
2
 𝐴(𝑠) = ∫ ∫ √4(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 1 𝑑𝐴

A coordenadas polares
0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋
𝐶𝑃 = {
0≤𝑟≤2
4 − 𝑧 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2

𝑧 = 4 − 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
2𝜋 2
𝐴=∫ ∫ √4𝑟 2 + 1𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
0 0

2
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
∫ 𝑟√4𝑟 2 + 1𝑑𝑟 → 𝐶𝑉 → 𝑓 = 4𝑟 2 + 1 → = 8𝑟 → 𝑑𝑟 =
0 𝑑𝑟 8𝑟

1 2√𝑓 3 2 1 2√(4𝑟 2 + 1)3 2

2 2 2 3
𝑑𝑓 1 2 1 2√4913 2 1 2
∫ 𝑟√𝑓 = ∫ √𝑓𝑑𝑓 = ( )= ( )= ( − ) = ( (√173 − 1))
0 8𝑟 8 0 8 3 8 3 8 3 3 8 3
0 0
1 −1 + 17√17
= (17√17 − 1) =
12 12
2𝜋
−1 + 17√17 17√17 − 1 2𝜋 17√17 − 1 17√17 − 1
𝐴=∫ 𝑑𝜃 = (𝜃 ) = (2𝜋 − 0) = (2𝜋)
0 12 12 12 12
0
𝜋 𝜋
= (17√17 − 1) = (√17 − 1)
3
6 6
 −(𝑧 − 9) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

−𝑧 + 9 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

𝑧 = 9 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

Para z=-1

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 10 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 = √10

𝐴 = ∫ ∫ (9 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ))𝑑𝐴
𝑅𝑥𝑦

0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋
𝐶𝑃 = {
0≤𝑟≤2
2𝜋 √10
𝐴=∫ ∫ (9 − 𝑟 2 )𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
0 0

√10
3 )𝑑𝑟
9𝑟 2 𝑟 4 √10 90 100
∫ (9𝑟 − 𝑟 = − = − = 45 − 25 = 20
0 2 4 2 4
0
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝐴=∫ 20𝑑𝜃 = 20𝜃 = 40𝜋
0 0