INGLÉS I
UNIDAD SIETE
LECTURA ESTRUCTURA OBJETIVOS
Mass Preposiciones de tiempo: at, 1.- Concentrarse en el uso de las
in, on, for, since, by, until/ till, preposiciones.
before, during, after, 2.- Practicar el uso de las
from….to preposiciones.
Preposiciones de lugar: 3.- Entender gramática desde el
at, in, on, beside, behind, contexto.
under, between, 4.- Prepararse para la lectura.
In front of. 5.- Leer y responder preguntas
Otras preposiciones: by, relacionadas con la lectura.
with, from, of, to, at 6.- Obtener significado desde el
contexto.
7.- Reconocer sinónimos en la
Introducción
lectura.
Elaborado por la Prof. Noris Valdez
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INGLÉS I
UNIDAD SIETE
PREPOSICIONES
Una preposición es una palabra o grupo de palabras que muestran una relación --- en
el tiempo y espacio --- entre su objeto ( sustantivo o pronombre ) y otra palabra en la oración.
Estudiaremos algunas preposiciones de tiempo, lugar y también otras de uso común.
Preposiciones de tiempo:
On: Usamos on para designar días y fechas.
(on Monday(s) – on june 2nd - on the next day )
* They can operate this computer on Mondays.
* Mechanical engineers were trained for this project on June 4th.
In: Usamos in para indicar tiempos no específicos durante un día, un mes, una
Introducción
estación, o un año.
(in the morning – in january – in spring – in 2002)
* He started the job in 2001.
* In the 1960s and 1970s, France built a supersonic transport called Concorde.
* Aiken produced the Harvard Mark I for IBM in 1993.
At: Usamos at para designar tiempo específico.
(at 3:35 – at midnight – at lunch – at night )
* Many business people will meet at 12:15 p.m
* Because Guayana is generally hot, many people prefer to work at night.
EXCEPCIONES
At: Puede ser usado para períodos imprecisos como en: at the time, at
breakfast time, at night; at Christmas, at the weekend, at Easter.
On: Puede ser usado para identificar periodos del día: on Monday evening,
on the following evening, on Tuesday morning, pero se dice in the evening.
Extensión de Tiempo
For: Es usado para expresar cuanto tiempo algo ha durado.
*Insects have existed for 250 million years.
* I have studied English for a few years now.
* Man has been using iron for 3.000 years.
* For centuries, scientists and inventors tried to find a machine that could do
calculations.
Since: Es usado para expresar cuando alguna cosa comenz
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INGLÉS I
* Since the nineteenth century, the world’s population has grown enormously.
* He has worked here since 2000.
* Since the day of the Wright brothers many improvements have been made in
the construction and design of airplanes.
* Since that time, scientists have been trying to develop alternate forms of energy
for our cars.
By: Este se refiere al tiempo en el cual el resultado de un evento existe.
* I will be home by five o’clock (= at or before five)
* In 1981 the Japanese said that by 1991 they would have the next generation of
computers ready – the Fifth Generation.
In: Es usado para mostrar “ tiempo desde ahora” o “ tiempo tomado”
* The work will be finished in five minutes.
* He did it in two hours.
Until / Till: Ellos son usados para mostrar periodos en un punto del tiempo.
Introducción
* They will be here until Monday.
* The technology for transmitting television images in color was developed in
the 1950s but it was until the 1960s that it he come popular.
* Until1980 very little steel was produced in the United States.
Before / During / After: Ellos son usados para indicar relaciones entre dos tiempos
o eventos.
* They have to learn how to operate the machinery before they begin working.
* During the 1970s, the supply of oil and gasoline suddenly decreased, while
the price of oil increased dramatically.
* After the experiment, be tests this theory very carefully.
From…. To: Es usado para mostrar un punto de inicio en el tiempo.
* We have been working from morning to night.
* Gravity differs slight from place to place.
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INGLÉS I
Preposiciones de lugar
On Esta es usada para indicar que algo toca una superficie.
* A liquid exerts a force upwards on any object which is place in it.
* My computer is on my desk.
* Everything on the surface of the earth is attracted by the mass of the
earth.
In Ésta es usada para indicar que algo está dentro de. (algo con
profundidad, longitud y altitud)
* Friction reduces mechanical efficiency in machines.
* It has been proved that the pressure exerted by a liquid in a container
increases with depth.
Introducción
At Ésta es usada para indicar que algo es visto como un punto en el
espacio. X
* He was at the door.
* The bus stopped at the traffic light.
* We stayed at home.
Beside Ésta es usada para indicar que algo esta cerca o al lado
de.
* Sitting beside the driver.
* A town beside the sea.
Behind Esta es usada para indicar que algo está detrás de.
* The electronic devices are behind the computer.
* The plugs are behind driver’s seat.
Under Ésta es usada para indicar que algo esta debajo de.
* The box is under the table.
* Some pencils are under the box.
Between Esta es usada para indicar posición entre dos
cosas o personas.
* Between two houses.
* There is no relation between weight and melting
in metals.
* Between two bodies in direct contact there is
always some friction.
Elaborado por la Prof. Noris Valdez
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INGLÉS I
In front of Ésta es usada para indicar que algo esta enfrente de.
* A car parked in front of the building.
* The machines are in front of the factories.
Otras Preposiciones de uso común.
To: Ésta es usada para indicar movimiento hacia.
* They were driven to work together.
* Computers can bring great benefits to the workplace.
By: Ésta es usada para indicar medios de transportes y de comunicación.
(by train, bus, air, boat, sea, car, foot)
* I respond to the letter by fax.
Introducción
* They go to Sidor by bus.
By: Esta es usada para introducir el agente en la oración. (la persona o cosa que lleva
la acción o lo que origina el suceso)
* There are many problems caused by cars.
* Cars can be now powered by electric batteries.
With: Ésta es usada para indicar la manera en la cual algo esta hecho
(por medio de que) y también para indicar relación de posesión.
* Managers need to carry a computer with them to meetings.
* All computers work with digital information.
* We will have to get it out with a screwdriver.
From: Esta es usada para mostrar que algo comienza es un lugar.
* A cool wind blew from the sea.
* Solar energy comes from the sun’s heat.
Of: Esta es usada para indicar cualidades, posesiones, fechas, periodos del tiempo,
y para mostrar que algo está contenido dentro de, y también para indicar que algo
está elaborado o hecho de.
* The basic function of a computer is to process information.
* A day of work.
* The 14th of February.
* The CPU is the brain of a computer.
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INGLÉS I
At: Esta es usada antes de indicar porcentaje, grado, temperatura, velocidad, niveles,
distancias, o posición de algo o alguien en un grupo.
* The signal is transmitted at low frequency.
* The water stopped rising at 90 feet.
* Solids and liquids will enter the gaseous state at high temperature.
* This machine runs at high speed.
Preposiciones de lugar con: In, At y On
In At On
(the) bed* Class* The bed*
The bedroom Home The ceiling
The car The library The floor
Introducción
(the) class* The office The horse
The library* School* The plane
School* Work The train
* Tú puedes, algunas veces, usar diferentes proposiciones para estos lugares.
I.- Completa los espacios en blanco con una de las siguientes preposiciones. Puedes usar
una preposición más de una vez.
in / until / since / on / by / between
1. The most dramatic event in the short history of space flight occurred ___________
1969 when the American Astronaut named Neil Armstrong became the first the first
man to walk ___________ the moon.
2. Some scientist believe that by 2000 we will have permanent space stations
____________ the moon and perhaps _____________ Mars.
3. Although mobile phone have been in use ____________ the 1950s, people were
disappointed in their quality.
4. The modern era satellite began ___________ june 28th, 1965, date on which Intelsat
1 became operational, making possible direct communications _____________ the
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INGLÉS I
United State and Europa. The Intelsat, which had been launched _____________
April 6th, 1965, remained active __________ 1969.
II.- Completa los espacios en blanco utilizando la lista de proposiciones. Tú puedes usar la
misma preposición más de una vez.
from / to / for / of / in
Metallurgy. The art and science of metallurgy consist of extracting metals _____________
their ores, refining them, and preparing them ________________ use. We use metals
_______________ many ways ________________ our daily lives. Modern industrial
civilization owes its existence ___________________ metals. Metallurgy is one
_________________ the leading industries.
Introducción
Of / by / in / to
Engineering. Broadly defined, engineering is the science __________________ which
physical forces, sources ___________________ power in nature, and properties
__________ are made useful ____________ man in structures, machines, and other
products, at reasonable cost ________________ time and money. An engineer is a person
trained or skilled ______________ designing the structures and equipment and in supervising
the processes ________________ which this is achieved.
III.- Mira estas figuras con cuidado. Luego llena los espacios con una de las siguientes
preposiciones.
beside / on / behind / between / in
1 All figures ____________ the diagram are placed _______ a square base.
2 The cube is _________ the triangle and the cylinder.
3 The sphere is ___________ the cube.
4 The circle is ___________ the cube.
5 The star is ___________ of the triangle.
Elaborado por la Prof. Noris Valdez
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INGLÉS I
IV.- Responde estas preguntas en español basado en tu conocimiento previo antes de leer
el texto que a continuación sigue.
1.- What is mass in physics?
2.- What is the unit of mass in chemistry?
3.- How is it defined?
Lee cuidadosamente el siguiente texto.
MASS
1 Mass, in Physics, it is the quantity of matter in a body as measured in its relation to
inertia. Mass is determined for a given body dividing the weight of the body by the
acceleration caused by gravity.
Introducción
The unit of mass in chemistry is the gram and it is defined as the amount of mass
5 contained in 1cc of water at a certain temperature and pressure. The unit of mass in
the British system is the pound, defined as 0,453592 of the mass of the kilogram.
There is a difference between weight and mass. The weight is a force exerted on a
mass, that is the weight of a substance may vary from one place to another, while its
mass remains constant. A specific object could be described by its external properties
10 of volume and mass. So we get density as the result of dividing mass by volume. The
density is a useful property because it is constant in chemical and physical
operations. The density can be expressed in different units: grams per militer when
working with liquids and solids, and grams per liter when working with gases.
Tomado de: Enciclopedia Britanica, 1995
V.- Trabaja en grupo y discute tus respuestas tomando en cuenta la lectura. Responde en
Español.
1.- How can we determine the mass of a body?
2.- Explain the difference between weight and mass.
3.- Explain why the density is an important property.
Elaborado por la Prof. Noris Valdez
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INGLÉS I
VI.- Selecciona de la lectura todas las oraciones o frases con preposición. Escríbelas en
Español tomando en cuenta su contexto en la lectura.
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Introducción
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VII.- Infiere el significado de estas palabras tomando en cuenta el contexto en la lectura.
1 Measured ( línea 1 ) ____________________
2 Amount ( línea 4 )______________________
3 Exerted ( línea 7 ) _____________________
4 Remains ( línea 9 ) ____________________
5 Useful ( línea 11 ) _____________________
VIII.- Trabaja en grupo y encuentra en la lectura los sinónimos de las siguientes palabras.
1 Amount _________________
2 Defined ____________________
3 Particular ___________________
4 Obtain __________________
5 Unlike _____________________
Elaborado por la Prof. Noris Valdez
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