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JUNTOS! - ESPAÑOL
101
Angel Ho
Rio Hondo College
¡Naveguemos juntos!
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This text was compiled on 08/28/2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About ¡Naveguemos Juntos!
Licensing
About the Authors
Accessibility Information
1: Introducción y Capítulo 1
1.1: Capítulo 1- Hola, ¿cómo estás?
1.1.1: Vocabulario 1- Saludos y despedidas
1.1.2: El alfabeto (el abecedario)
[Link]: Práctica- El alfabeto (el abecedario)
1.1.3: Los sustantivos y los artículos
[Link]: Práctica- Los sustantivos y los artículos
1.1.4: Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser"
[Link]: Práctica- Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser"
1.1.5: Los números 0-199
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 0-199
1.1.6: La hora con el verbo "ser"
[Link]: Práctica- La hora con el verbo "ser"
1.1.7: Lectura- Nota de Pedro
1.1.8: Video- Los saludos de los países latinos
1.1.9: Chile
2: Capítulo 2 y Capítulo 3
2.1: Capítulo 2- La universidad y el colegio comunitario
2.1.1: Vocabulario 2- La universidad
2.1.2: Verbos regulares "-ar"
[Link]: Práctica- Verbos regulares "-ar"
2.1.3: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
2.1.4: Palabras interrogativas
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras interrogativas
2.1.5: El verbo "gustar"
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "gustar"
2.1.6: "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
[Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
[Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
2.1.7: Los números 200+
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 200+
2.1.8: Lectura- Las clases de Mariela
2.1.9: Video- La UNAM
1 [Link]
2.1.10: España
2.2: Capítulo 3- Mi familia
2.2.1: Vocabulario 3- Mi familia
2.2.2: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad
2.2.3: Los adjetivos posesivos
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos posesivos
2.2.4: Tener y venir
[Link]: Práctica- Tener y venir
2.2.5: Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
2.2.6: El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
2.2.7: Saber y conocer
[Link]: Práctica- Saber y conocer
2.2.8: Lectura- La familia de Álex
2.2.9: Video- La familia de Álex (y de Lula)
2.2.10: Bolivia
3: Capítulo 4 y 5
3.1: Capítulo 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones
3.1.1: Vocabulario 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones
3.1.2: El verbo "ir"
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "ir"
3.1.3: Los verbos con cambios radicales
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos con cambios radicales
3.1.4: Los verbos irregulares en el "yo"
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos irregulares en el "yo"
3.1.5: El presente progresivo
[Link]: Práctica- El presente progresivo
3.1.6: Por y para
[Link]: Práctica- Por y para
[Link]: Práctica- Por y para
3.1.7: Lectura- Reportaje de Sebastián
3.1.8: Video- Las vacaciones
3.1.9: Ecuador
3.2: Capítulo 5- De Compras
3.2.1: Vocabulario 5- De compras
3.2.2: Ser y estar
[Link]: Práctica- Ser y estar
3.2.3: Los objetos directos y los pronombres de los objetos directos
[Link]: Práctica- Los objetos directos y los pronombres de los objetos directos
3.2.4: Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de los objetos indirectos
[Link]: Práctica- Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de los objetos indirectos
2 [Link]
3.2.5: Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
[Link]: Práctica- Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
3.2.6: El pretérito de los verbos regulares
[Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares
[Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares
3.2.7: Lectura- Keiko y Mariela
3.2.8: Video- De compras con Keiko y Mariela
3.2.9: Argentina
4: Capítulo 6 y 7
4.1: Capítulo 6- La rutina diaria
4.1.1: Vocabulario 6- La rutina diaria
4.1.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
[Link]: Práctica- Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
4.1.3: Pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos
[Link]: Práctica- Los pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos
4.1.4: Los verbos reflexivos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos
4.1.5: Los verbos recíprocos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos
4.1.6: Los verbos similares a "gustar"
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos similares a "gustar"
4.1.7: Palabras indefinidas y negativas
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras indefinidas y negativas
4.1.8: Lectura- El diario de Samira
4.1.9: Video - ¡Un buen día!
4.1.10: México
4.2: Capítulo 7- La comida y las fiestas
4.2.1: Vocabulario 7- La comida y las fiestas
4.2.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 2
[Link]: Práctica- Pretéritos irregulares, parte 2
4.2.3: Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir
[Link]: Práctica- Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir
4.2.4: Verbos que cambian de significado en el pretérito
[Link]: Práctica- Verbos que cambian de significado en el pretérito
4.2.5: "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental
[Link]: Práctica- "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental
4.2.6: Lectura- La quinceañera de Mariela
4.2.7: Video- En el supermercado
4.2.8: Perú
5: Exámenes Finales
3 [Link]
6: Recursos Adicionales
01. El abecedario / The Alphabet
6.1: Pronombres
6.2: Sustantivos
6.3: Números
6.4: Fechas
6.5: Interrogativos
6.6: Presente simple del indicativo
6.7: Construcciones valorativas (gustar)
6.8: Posesivos
6.9: Tener
6.10: Ser-Estar
6.11: Comparativos y superlativos
6.12: Por y para
6.13: Conocer o saber
6.14: A personal
6.15: Pronombres de complemento
6.16: Indefinidos
6.17: Demostrativos
6.18: Reflexivos y pronominales
6.19: Pretérito
6.20: Ortografía
Index
Glossary
Detailed Licensing
4 [Link]
About ¡Naveguemos Juntos!
¡Naveguemos Juntos! Navigate with Us! welcomes you to the Spanish-speaking world and its language. This OER is designed to
provide students access to interactive activities in order to reinforce the acquired knowledge of basic Spanish vocabulary and
grammatical points. The activities presented in each chapter are contextualized and interconnected through the Spanish language
and culture.
¡Naveguemos Juntos! was created for students taking the first year of Spanish. It is intended as an introductory Spanish course that
covers levels 1 and 2 at community colleges. All resources found here are free! Instructors can use it as is, download a PDF of all
the activities, or incorporate it in the LMS of their college (including Canvas). Furthermore, instructors have the option to adapt,
edit, modify, and create their own version by using the LibreTexts’ Remixer tool.
The goal of this OER is to help students access these free activities while saving them hundreds of dollars in costly homework
platforms offered by commercial textbooks.
It is with great hope that the content provided in ¡Naveguemos Juntos! fulfills the academic expectations across the community
colleges in California.
About ¡Naveguemos Juntos! has no license indicated.
1 [Link]
Licensing
A detailed breakdown of this resource's licensing can be found in Back Matter/Detailed Licensing.
1 [Link]
About the Authors
María Barrio De Mendoza
María Barrio De Mendoza was born and raised in Peru, South America. She is a third generation of educators in her family. She
attended Peru's Nacional Mayor de San Marcos University, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in Education with a concentration
in biology and chemistry. In the U.S., she earned her master’s degree in Spanish literature and linguistics from California State
University, Long Beach. Throughout the years, she has taught at various institutions in the United States and abroad. In California,
she has taught Spanish at nine community colleges, as Pasadena College, Long Beach City College, Glendale College, Santa
Monica College, and several community colleges that form part of the California Community College District. She has also taught
at California State University Long Beach. She has truly enjoyed working with the diverse population of students in Southern
California. At El Camino College where she works as a full-time professor, she has been teaching different levels of Spanish. She
feels so blessed to continue serving a community she calls home. She is also very pleased to make available ¡Naveguemos juntos!,
a no- cost OER to the Californian community college students.
Karla Gutiérrez
Karla Gutiérrez was born in Mexicali, Mexico and lived in the Mexicali-Calexico border area the first part of her life. She attended
the Imperial Valley College where she started as an English as a Second Language student. She obtained an Associate's Degree and
transferred to San Diego State University-Imperial Valley Campus where she got her Bachelor's Degree in Spanish. She then
completed a Master's Degree in Spanish-American Literature at San Diego State University, San Diego Campus. After completing
her Master's Degree, she earned a Spanish/English Translation Certificate from the University of California, San Diego. From 2001
to 2016, she worked as a part-time instructor at different community colleges and universities in San Diego County. In 2016 she
was hired as a full-time instructor at Cuyamaca College where she is currently the World Languages Department Chair. During her
time at Cuyamaca College, she has completed different trainings on equity-minded practices and served as the Open Educational
Resources Initiative (OERI) Liaison. During her time as OERI Liaison, she took multiple trainings that prepared her to lead the
¡Naveguemos Juntos! project.
1 [Link]
Hsing Ho
Hsing Ho was born in Taiwan but her family is from Buenos Aires, Argentina and Sao Paulo, Brazil, South America. Since she was
little, she fell in love with Romance languages. As a young child, she was curious about Spanish and Portuguese linguistics,
literature, and culture. Hsing Ho is an instructor of Spanish and Portuguese. She is currently teaching at Chaffey College and Rio
Hondo College. She was a lecturer at California State University Long Beach for Spanish and Portuguese, and she has taught at
Fullerton College. She got her BA in Spanish and Portuguese at UCLA and masters in Spanish Literature and Linguistics at
California State University Long Beach. She has been teaching in higher education for over 15 years. Hsing strongly believes that
access to resources should not be an obstacle for students in their educational journey. She applauds that OER allows all students to
relieve the financial burden that the traditional textbooks bring. Lastly, she is very thankful to work alongside her amazing
colleagues, and is super excited to share this Spanish 1 and 2 OER textbook ¡Naveguemos Juntos! with everyone.
Ching Ping D. Lin was born in Singapore but her family moved to La Paz, Bolivia when she was 10 years old and learned how to
speak Spanish within two months while helping waitressing at a Chinese restaurant where her family ate and learned the restaurant
business. In junior high, she chose French as a second language requirement class instead of English (because her strong British
accent displeased her teachers -being her first language); and discovered her passion and talent for languages. After completing her
M.A. from CSUF, Ching Ping started teaching Spanish at the University of Redlands and San Bernardino Valley College in 1996.
She has also taught at La Sierra University, Scripps College (The Claremont Colleges), Crafton Hills College, and currently teaches
at Chaffey College and San Bernardino Valley College. It has been a privilege to be able to share all the classroom teachings she
has acquired and employed by embarking on this Spanish OER textbook ¡Naveguemos Juntos! with her colleagues.
2 [Link]
Anaid Stere Lugo was born in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico, a city considered by locals to be the agricultural heartland of Mexico. In
2001, she moved to San Diego, California and has lived there since then. Anaid has over 10 years experience teaching at the
community college and high school levels. She has taught at Cuyamaca and Southwestern Colleges. Anaid has completed PhD
work in Spanish Linguistics at the University of Arizona. She has taught all levels of Spanish for beginners and heritage speakers.
Anaid is committed to bringing to her classroom (online and face-to-face) more equitable practices. She completed the 2019-2020
Equity-Minded Teaching and Learning Institute (EMTLI) at Cuyamaca College. Anaid believes in creating a classroom
environment in which her students feel welcomed, cared for, valued, and respected. She received the 2021 Outstanding Faculty
Member Award. Anaid was among hundreds nominated by students for her teaching excellence and judged by the college
Academic Senate Faculty Awards Committee. She also believes that this OER will benefit students from different community
colleges across California. Anaid is very excited to embark on the “¡Naveguemos juntos!” journey with her students!
About the Authors has no license indicated.
3 [Link]
Accessibility Information
Accessibility Considerations
As part of providing an accessible text, the authors have used several techniques to support all learners, including users of assistive
technology.
Content is organized with headings.
Lists are used for examples and to emphasize content.
Data tables are used to present verb conjugations and other grammatical examples.
Tables include meaningful captions.
Tables are labeled with column and row headers, depending on the content.
When "bold" text is used for emphasis, the purpose is described in the text.
Before "bold" is used, it is described in the text so users of screen reading software can turn on the feature that announces
changes in font styles.
Meaningful images include alt text and captions while complex images are completely described in the page text.
Activities
The interactive activities are H5P content which is different than LibreTexts. These activities do not currently support any language
setting other than English. Users of screen reading software may have a better experience by changing the synthesizer language to
Spanish. This will allow the screen reading software to pronounce the activities as Spanish language content.
1 [Link]
Known Issues for JAWS and Chrome with ¡Naveguemos Juntos!
JAWS announces image caption text twice, the first time when initially navigating to the figure, then a second time after reading
the image alt text.
Both times the image caption is announced with incorrect English pronunciation.
JAWS announces table caption text twice, once with incorrect pronunciation and once with correct pronunciation.
JAWS does not pronounce Spanish language hyperlinks correctly.
After reading a hyperlink, JAWS mispronounces the rest of the Spanish language content in a paragraph.
JAWS announces list structure information in English instead of Spanish.
The list structure information is pronounced correctly in English.
JAWS mispronounces some punctuation in Spanish language content, such as "colon" in headings.
JAWS announces heading levels in English but mispronounces the information as Spanish language content when navigating by
heading level.
JAWS correctly pronounces heading levels in English when navigating with JAWS reading keys.
JAWS does not read content consistently when the software feature to announce "bold" text is enabled.
JAWS correctly pronounces "bold" in English instead of announcing it in Spanish ("").
After announcing some "bold" text, JAWS mispronounces the rest of the Spanish language content in a paragraph.
2 [Link]
Known Issues for NVDA and Firefox with ¡Naveguemos Juntos!
NVDA announces list structure information in English instead of Spanish.
The list structure information is mispronounced in English.
NVDA announces table captions twice.
NVDA announces table "column" and "row" information in English but mispronounces it as Spanish language content.
NVDA announces heading levels in English but mispronounces the information as Spanish language content.
NVDA moves the focus to the "Contents" button unexpectedly.
When reading a paragraph that contains a hyperlink, tab moves to the "Contents" button instead of the next hyperlink on the
page.
Accessibility Information by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo has no license indicated.
3 [Link]
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
1: Introducción y Capítulo 1
1.1: Capítulo 1- Hola, ¿cómo estás?
1.1.1: Vocabulario 1- Saludos y despedidas
1.1.2: El alfabeto (el abecedario)
[Link]: Práctica- El alfabeto (el abecedario)
1.1.3: Los sustantivos y los artículos
[Link]: Práctica- Los sustantivos y los artículos
1.1.4: Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser"
[Link]: Práctica- Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser"
1.1.5: Los números 0-199
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 0-199
1.1.6: La hora con el verbo "ser"
[Link]: Práctica- La hora con el verbo "ser"
1.1.7: Lectura- Nota de Pedro
1.1.8: Video- Los saludos de los países latinos
1.1.9: Chile
1: Introducción y Capítulo 1 is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
1.1 [Link]
SECTION OVERVIEW
1.1.9: Chile
This page titled 1.1: Capítulo 1- Hola, ¿cómo estás? is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio
De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.1.1 [Link]
1.1.1: Vocabulario 1- Saludos y despedidas
Hola, ¿cómo estás?
Vocabulario
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary from this chapter. Watch the video and repeat the vocabulary after each slide.
Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 1.1.1Video.1.1.1: Hola ¿Cómo estás? (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere Lugo via YouTube)
Ejemplo
In the video below, you will see Keiko and Omar greeting each other in Spanish. Pay attention to the greetings and farewells and
how they ask each other for personal information.
Figure 1.1.2Video.1.1.2: Una conversación: ¿Cómo te llamas? ¿De dónde eres? (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Actividades
Complete this activity based on the previous video.
[Link] [Link]
After watching the video "Una conversación: ¿cómo te llamas? ¿de dónde
eres?", complete the following conversation by writing the appropriate
vocabulary in each blank.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ
Options:
pronto
bien
luego
estás
llamo
gusto
Omar: Soy de Irak. Keiko, lo siento pero necesito irme a mi clase. (I need to go to my
class)
Keiko: Hasta
Omar: Hasta .
Check
Now complete the following activities based on the vocabulary list.
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression.
1. ¿Cómo te llamas? .
2. ¡Hola! .
3. Encantado .
4. Adiós .
5. Muchas gracias .
Check
Reuse Embed
Fill in the blank with the appropriate English equivalents of the following nouns.
backpack day
hand driver
pencil notebook
country pen
woman boy
[Link] conductor:
[Link] cuaderno:
[Link] [Link]
[Link] pluma:
[Link] mochila:
[Link] mano:
[Link] lápiz:
[Link] país:
[Link] mujer:
[Link] chico:
[Link] día:
Check
Reuse Embed
Select the word that does not belong to the vocabulary group.
mochila
comunidad
bolígrafo
lápiz
Check
profesor
escuela
[Link] [Link]
lección
turista
Check
pasajera
diccionario
maleta
autobús
Check
chico
mujer
hombre
estudiante
Check
turista
cuaderno
video
[Link] [Link]
fotografía
Check
Reuse Embed
Complete the following sentences by providing the appropriate country or
nationality.
Check
This page titled 1.1.1: Vocabulario 1- Saludos y despedidas is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.1: Vocabulario 1- Saludos y despedidas by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
1.1.2: El alfabeto (el abecedario)
The alphabet
Pronunciation
El Alfabeto_La Pronunciación
Alphabet chart
Letra Nombre Ejemplo Pronunciación
P pe Pablo, pasta
[Link] [Link]
Letra Nombre Ejemplo Pronunciación
T te Teresa, Tomás, té
Some Variations
As with any language, there are regional variations within the Spanish language.
The letter V can be pronounced “ve” or “uve”;
The letter W can be “doble ve”, “ve doble”, “doble uve” or “uve doble”
The letter Y can be “ye” or “i griega”
Some countries say the double R as “erre” while others say “doble ere”
The Y and LL are pronounced like a “shuh” or “zhuh” in Argentina and Uruguay.
For the letter X there are a few words that make a “huh” sound instead of the KS. They are older words (usually names Xavier
= Javier, Ximena = Jimena), like México and Don Quixote.
In Spain, the letters Z and “ce” and “ci” make a “thuh” sound instead of the “S” sound. Thus “cinco” in Spain is pronounced as
“thinko” (not as “sinko”).
Some Variations
[Link] [Link]
Las vocales_La pronunciación
The key to your Spanish pronunciation and comprehension is mastery of the vowels.
There is only one way to pronounce each of these letters.
A – ah (in “aloha”)
E – eh (in “elephant”)
I – ee (in “eagle”)
O – oh (in “Ohio”)
U – oo (in “soup”)
This page titled 1.1.2: El alfabeto (el abecedario) is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.2: El alfabeto (el abecedario) by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El alfabeto (el abecedario)
The alphabet
Now that you have reviewed the information about the alphabet, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Practice Spanish words and sounds as you listen to the audio recording. Write down the words you hear.
Spanish Alphabets 1
Spanish Alphabets 2
[Link].1 [Link]
Spell out the missing letter and write down the whole words on the last blank
space.
1. c t ,
2. h v s,
3. gl s ,
4. b t sm ,
5. q n nt s,
6. c d d s,
The letters "B" and "V" are both pronounced as the "b" sound.
True False
Check
[Link].2 [Link]
1.1.3: Los sustantivos y los artículos
Nouns and articles
Nouns
Nouns identify people, animals, places, and things. In Spanish, all nouns have gender (masculine or feminine), and number (singular or plural).
Nouns referring to people who are males or females are easy to categorize by gender:
Some nouns referring to people have identical masculine and feminine forms. The article indicates the gender of these words:
Some nouns referring to animals by default will use either the masculine or feminine definite article ("el" or "la"). In this case, to specify whether we are referring to a male or female "animal", we
need to use the words "macho" (male), and "hembra" (female):
Examples:
el canguro macho; el canguro hembra; los canguros machos; los canguros hembras
la ballena macho; la ballena hembra; las ballenas machos; las ballenas hembras
It is harder to understand nouns that refer to places and things. Here are some guidelines that may help, but they do not apply to all of the nouns, they all have exceptions. Because of this, it is best to
always learn the noun with its corresponding article to remember whether it is masculine or feminine.
Some nouns have a different meaning depending on whether they are masculine or feminine:
[Link] [Link]
el cura priest la cura cure
Articles
As mentioned above, it is best to learn the nouns with its corresponding article. There are four forms that are equivalent to the English definite article "the". The same goes for the indefinite article: a,
an, or some.
Definite Articles: Indefinite Articles:
plural los papeles las clases plural unos papeles unas clases
Plural of nouns
To form the plural of a noun that ends in a vowel by simply adding "-s".
For nouns ending in a consonant, add "-es". If the consonant is the letter "z", change the "z" to "c" before adding "-es".
Singular → Plural
In general, the accent mark of a singular noun must be also used when forming into a plural noun unless the accent mark is on the last syllable of the singular noun.
Singular → Plural
The masculine plural form is also used when the group there is a masculine noun is a mixed-gender group:
1 muchacho + 2 muchachas = 3 muchachos OR los muchachos
Gender-neutral individuals
Spanish has always been viewed as a highly gendered language because it is a "Romance Language" (mostly derived from Latin). This is not to say that it denies the existence of gender-neutral
identities rather the nature of the language itself makes it hard to adapt systematically to account them. While there is a movement to use terms such as Latinx, the “x” is not currently used in sentence
structures and is not yet widely used outside of the United States. Some Spanish-speaking communities have also adopted the use of –e endings instead of –o or –a endings on gendered nouns, articles,
and adjectives but this is not a unanimously accepted solution since this would mean a total change for the language itself. This is an ongoing conversation, therefore if you identify yourself as a
gender-neutral individual, it would be beneficial for you to initiate a conversation with your instructor to discuss ways that you can use the language to best describe yourself.
This page titled 1.1.3: Los sustantivos y los artículos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open
Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.3: Los sustantivos y los artículos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los sustantivos y los artículos
Nouns and articles
Now that you have reviewed the information about nouns and articles, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los sustantivos y los artículos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated
by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.3.1: Práctica- Los sustantivos y los artículos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-
NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
1.1.4: Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser"
Subject pronouns and the verb "ser"
Subject Pronouns
In Spanish, pronouns are used to clarify or emphasize the subject. In most cases, they are optional because you can tell what the subject is by looking at the verb conjugation (ending).
Singular Plural
2nd tú, vos* you (familiar) 2nd vosotros, vosotras you [all] (familiar)
Observations
(In the following list of observations, all subject pronouns are in bold.)
Tú is a familiar pronoun used for people you address by first name or whom you know well. *Vos is used instead of tú in Argentina, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Paraguay, Uruguay, and
elsewhere in Spanish Speaking countries.
Usted (Ud.) is a formal pronoun used for people you address by title, by last name, a figure with authority, or whom you don't know well.
Vosotros and vosotras is a familiar plural pronoun used only in Spain for people you address by first name.
Ustedes (Uds.) is a formal plural pronoun in Spain. In other Spanish speaking countries, it is formal or informal and designates only the plural.
Nosotros, vosotros, and ellos are used when referring to all male groups or groups that have at least one male person.
Nosotras, vosotras, and ellas are used when referring to all female groups.
SER
Conjugation
This is the term used to emphasize who is the "doer" of the action. Unlike English, all Spanish verbs have six conjugations.
Singular Plural
2nd tú eres you are 2nd vosotros/vosotras sois you [all] are
Uses
There are two different mnemonic devices to help you remember the uses of "ser". Use the acronyms DOCTOR, or POTIONS to remember the different uses of the verb "ser".
In the following list, all the words referring to the acronyms above are in bold.
Date and day: "Hoy es el veinte de mayo." "Mañana es martes." ("Today is May 20th." "Tomorrow is Tuesday.")
Occupation: "Juan es estudiante." "Daniel es profesor." ("Juan is a student." "Daniel is a professor.")
Characteristics (how someone is like): "Hugo es alto." ("Hugo is tall."), People, Substance (what something is made of): "La computadora es de plástico." ("The computer is made of
plastic.")
Time: "Es la una en punto." "Son las cuatro menos cuarto." ("It is one o'clock." "It is three forty five.")
Origin or Nationality: "Yo soy del Perú." "Ellos son ecuatorianos." ("I am from Peru." "They are Ecuadorians.")
Relation: "Ella es mi madre." "El señor Pérez es mi profesor de español." ("She is my mother." "Mr. Pérez is my Spanish professor.")
Things: "El libro es nuevo." "La clase de español es importante." ("The book is new." "Spanish Class is important.")
Identity: "-¿Eres Mauro? -No, soy Sergio." ("-Are you Mauro? -No, I am Sergio.")
When describing someone or something with more than one adjective, the adjectives are connected with "y" (and). "Tito es guapo y alto." ("Tito is handsome and tall.")
If the word "y" appears before a word that starts with "i-" or "hi-", "y" changes to "e". " "Alicia es bonita e inteligente." ("Alicia is pretty and intelligent.")
Possession: The verb ser is also used to talk about something that belongs to someone. The preposition used is "de". When used with the masculine article "el": "de + el" will contract to
"del". Example: "Los libros son del profesor Martínez." BUT "Los libros son de la profesora Jiménez." To ask to whom something belongs to in Spanish, we say: "¿De quién/quiénes
son los libros?"
¡Ojo! Unlike English, Spanish does not use the article (definite or indefinite) with a profession. The indefinite article is only used when there is an adjective describing the profession.
Compare the following two sentences:
[Link] [Link]
Figure [Link] : Arturo es Figure [Link] : Arturo es un estudiante
Figure [Link] : Elisa es profesora de Figure [Link] : Elisa es una profesora estudiante. inteligente.
matemáticas. excelente. Arturo is a student. Arturo is an intelligent student.
Elisa is a Mathematics professor. Elisa es an excellent professor.
This page titled 1.1.4: Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere
Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.4: Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser"
Subject pronouns and the verb "ser"
Now that you have reviewed the information about subject pronouns and the verb "ser", complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
Fill in each blank with the corresponding Spanish subject pronouns (personal
pronouns).
First person - I =
You (formal) =
Third person - He =
She =
We (all females) =
Check
Formal or Informal. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subject pronoun "tú" or
"usted" to best fit for each description. Do no use capital letters as it will confuse
the system.
[Link].2 [Link]
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú
5. Talking to a stranger =
Check
[Link].3 [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subject pronoun (3rd person singular or
plural) for each situation given. Do no use capital letters as it will confuse the
system.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú
Check
[Link].4 [Link]
Fill in the blank with a personal/subject pronoun. The verb SER will help you
determine which pronoun to use.
Check
When you are referring to yourself and including your friends Zamira y Omar,
you use:
Ellos
Yo
Ustedes
Vosotros
Nosotros
Check
When I am saying: "Mis compañeros y tú", which subject pronouns can I use?
Make all that apply.
Nosotros
Ustedes
Vosotros
Ellos
[Link].5 [Link]
Check
When you are talking about two of your professors, Profesora López y
Profesora Rios, which personal/subject pronoun should you use when you are
talking about them to your classmates?
Nosotras
Ustedes
Vosotras
Ellas
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.4.1: Práctica- Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed
CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].6 [Link]
1.1.5: Los números 0-199
Numbers 0-199
In this lesson, we will be going over numbers 0-199. In addition, we are going to use question words “cuántos/cuántas” (how many)
and the expression “hay” and “no hay” (there is/are, there isn’t/aren’t).
Números 0-10
0 cero
1 uno (when counting a noun, use: un/una)
2 dos
3 tres
4 cuatro
5 cinco
6 seis
7 siete
8 ocho
9 nueve
10 diez
Números 11-15
11 once
12 doce
13 trece
14 catorce
15 quince
Números 16-19
16 dieciséis
17 diecisiete
18 dieciocho
19 diecinueve
Números 20-29
20 veinte
21 veintiuno (veintiún/ventiuna)
22 veintidós
23 veintitrés
24 veinticuatro
25 veinticinco
26 veintiséis
27 veintisiete
28 veintiocho
29 veintinueve
Números 30-90
30 treinta
40 cuarenta
50 cincuenta
60 sesenta
70 setenta
80 ochenta
90 noventa
[Link] [Link]
Números 30+
Using “y” between the tenths and the ones when expressing numbers 30+-99.
32 treinta y dos
43 cuarenta y tres
54 cincuenta y cuatro
65 sesenta y cinco
76 setenta y seis
87 ochenta y siete
99 noventa y nueve
Número 100
100 cien
Números 101+-199
For more than 100 and less than 200, the word “ciento” is used to refer to “100+”.
This page titled 1.1.5: Los números 0-199 is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.5: Los números 0-199 by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 0-199
Numbers 0-199
Now that you have reviewed the information about numbers from 0 to 199, complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
¡A contar! Look at each pattern below and write out the missing number in
Spanish.
¿Cuántos hay? Answer the questions using the expression “Hay” (there is,
there are) and spell out the number given in parentheses. Remember: the
number one (un/una) must agree in gender with the noun and is not pluralized.
[Link].2 [Link]
Hay (41) mochilas.
Check
You and your compañeros de clase are counting numbers in Spanish. Fill in the
blank by spelling out the number in Spanish in the sequence.
4. noventa y siete, noventa y ocho, noventa y nueve, , ciento uno, ciento dos.
5. treinta y siete, treinta y seis, treinta y cinco, , treinta y tres, treinta y dos.
Check
¡A Escuchar y a Responder! You are going to hear five math addition problems in
Spanish. Write down your answer by spelling out the number in Spanish in the space
provided at the end of the audio recording.
Note: The listening exercises below do not have an accessible version. The purpose is to
test auditory comprehension. The questions are given in Spanish and you are asked to
write the answers (the numbers) by spelling them out in Spanish.
[Link].3 [Link]
1. Son .
2. Son .
3. Son .
4. Son .
5. Son .
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los números 0-199 is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.5.1: Práctica- Los números 0-199 by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
1.1.6: La hora con el verbo "ser"
Telling the time with the verb "ser"
¿Qué hora es?
The clock above shows the different use of "y" and "menos" depending on where the minute hand is on the clock. "Y" is used for
the first 30 minutes, and "menos" is used after that. Moreover, the word "cuarto" is used to indicate 15 minutes, and the word
"media" to indicate thirty minutes. Lastly, "en punto" is used when the minute hand is on the twelve, as the translation to the
English "o'clock".
[Link] [Link]
To tell the time
The verb "ser" is used to express what time it is. To say "o'clock" use "en punto".
"La hora" is feminine, therefore, when using "1", say "Es la una" or "Es la una y..." or "Es la una menos..."
Starting from "2-12", use "Son las dos, tres, cuatro... doce"
The arrows show that minutes 1-30 passed the hour is expressed by using "y".
The arrows also show that minutes 31-59 before the hour is expressed by using " next hour + menos + minutes".
Instead of using 15 (on either side of the clock), use "cuarto" (quarter).
Instead of using 30, use "media" (half).
12:00 p.m. (noon) can also be expressed by saying: "Es el mediodía".
12:00 a.m. (midnight) can also be expressed by saying: "Es la medianoche".
"de la mañana", "de la tarde", and "de la noche" are used to expressed specific time.
"en la mañana" or "por la mañana", "en la tarde" or "por la tarde", and "en la noche" or "por la noche" are used to express
general time period.
In many Spanish speaking countries, "¿Qué horas son?" is also used colloquially.
[Link] [Link]
This page titled 1.1.6: La hora con el verbo "ser" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.6: La hora con el verbo "ser" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- La hora con el verbo "ser"
Telling time with the verb "ser"
Now that you have reviewed the information on how to tell the time in Spanish, complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
La hora con el verbo SER. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb
ser and the missing part of the time expression.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ
2. 2: 10pm: y diez .
8. 12am: la medianoche.
9. 12noon: Es .
Check
Reuse Embed
La hora. Fill in the blank with the missing part of the time expression. The times
can be expressed in two different ways. Follow the model below:
Modelo: What you see: 9:45am
[Link].2 [Link]
1.) 12: 35pm: menos veinticinco de la tarde or y treinta y cinco de
la tarde.
4.) 4: 45pm: Son las cinco menos de la tarde or Son las cuatro y
de la tarde.
6.) 6: 55am: Son las siete cinco de la mañana or Son las seis
cincuenta y cinco de la mañana.
[Link].3 [Link]
¿Qué hora es? Fill in each blank with the missing word (or words) to tell the
time given in parentheses.
1. Es . (12 midnight)
5. Es . (12 noon)
Check
¿A qué hora es? Take a look at different schedule times given in parentheses
and then, fill in the blanks with the missing words to complete each statement.
Modelo: What you see: ¿A qué hora es la clase de arte? (2:30pm)
La clase de arte __________ dos y
treinta/media de la tarde.
What you fill in: La clase de arte es a las dos y treinta/media
de la tarde.
[Link].4 [Link]
La clase de matemáticas una y cinco de la tarde.
El almuerzo mediodía.
Check
[Link].5 [Link]
¿A qué hora es? Your boss is trying to figure out your work schedule. Answer
his/her/their questions in complete sentences by using the schedule of classes
given in parentheses.
Check
[Link].6 [Link]
¡A Escuchar! You are going to hear five different times. You are going to write down the
times heard in the space provided.
After listening to the audio prompts, write the numbers (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) to match
each time heard to the time written out in English below.
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- La hora con el verbo "ser" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by
M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.6.1: Práctica- La hora con el verbo "ser" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link].7 [Link]
1.1.7: Lectura- Nota de Pedro
Nota de Pedro
Read a note Pedro left you to introduce himself. Pay attention to the use of vocabulary phrases used to greet you, to talk about
nationalities and about college.
Lectura
Buenos días, ¿cómo estás? Yo estoy muy bien. Me llamo Pedro y soy de California. Mi nacionalidad es estadounidense. Soy
estudiante del colegio comunitario. Mi clase favorita es matemáticas. La profesora de matemáticas es una mujer joven. Se llama
Lorena. La profesora es de El Salvador. Ella es salvadoreña.
Y tú, ¿cómo te llamas? ¿De dónde eres?
Now that you have read Pedro's note, complete the activities below.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark the following sentences as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
[Link] [Link]
His math professor is from California.
Cierto Falso
Check
Reuse Embed
Fill in the missing words
La nacionalidad de Pedro es .
La ocupación de Pedro es .
La profesora es .
La profesora es de .
Check
[Link] [Link]
Llena los espacios con las palabras que faltan. (Fill in the missing words.)
Check
Reuse Embed
Escritura
On a separate paper or document, reply to Pedro's note by greeting him, providing information about yourself (name, place of
origin, nationality, your favorite class). Make sure to answer the two questions at the end of his note. Write at least 30 words in
Spanish using a variety of vocabulary words and phrases. Once you finish, submit it to your instructor.
This page titled 1.1.7: Lectura- Nota de Pedro is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.7: Lectura- Nota de Pedro by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
1.1.8: Video- Los saludos de los países latinos
Spanish speaking countries and their greetings
There are twenty countries that have Spanish as their official language. There are nineteen Spanish speaking countries in Latin
America and one in Europe (Spain). In addition to the countries that have Spanish as their official language, in the United States
more than 40,000,000 people speak Spanish.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
[Link] [Link]
Figure [Link].7.2 : El saludo de cada país latino. (Criticalandia via YouTube)
Now, complete the activities below based on the information in the video.
Actividades
Complete the sentences by choosing the greeting (saludo) for each of the nationalities.
Mark each sentence as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
This page titled 1.1.8: Video- Los saludos de los países latinos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by
M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.8: Video- Los saludos de los países latinos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
1.1.9: Chile
Chile
Map
"South America Location CHI", by David Liuzzo, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
General Information
La capital: Santiago de Chile
La ubicación (location): Está en Sudamérica
La lengua (language): El español y la lengua indígena el mapuche
La moneda (currency): El peso chileno
La economía (economy): La minería, la agricultura y recursos marinos (sea resources)
El clima (weather): Hace mucho frío en los Andes y en el sur de Chile
[Link] [Link]
"Ci-map-es", by CIA World Factbook, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
Interesting Facts
Chile is the longest and most narrow country in the world.
The oldest mummies in the world were found in Chile. These mummies were found in the Atacama Desert and have been dated to
be from 5050 and 3000 BC, People from this tribe were mummifying their dead up to two thousand years before the Egyptians.
El Parque Nacional Torres del Paine. Torres del Paine National Park is a popular tourist destination were visitors could admire its
glaciers, lakes, and rivers in southern Chilean Patagonia. The Cordillera Paine is the centerpiece of the park. Visitors hike in the
high mountains, kayak the Grey Glacier, camp and take amazing pictures of the breathtaking natural panorama.
La Isla de Pascua. Easter Island is a special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeastern most point of
the Polynesian. Easter Island is famous for its nearly 900 monumental statues called “Moai”.
Chile is known as El país de los poetas (The country of poets). There are two Nobel Prize winners in Literature from Chile:
Gabriela Mistral and the famous poet Pablo Neruda.
Actividad
La Isla de Pascua (Easter Island)
Watch the video below (or read its summary) to answer the questions below.
[Link] [Link]
Mysterious Moai: The Giant Heads of E…
E…
Figure 1.8.0: Mysterious Moai: The Giant Heads of Easte Island for Kids. (Free School via YouTube)
Actividad
La Patagonia: Torres del Paine Solo Travel Guide
Welcome to Patagonia, this South American site is known for its mountains, glaciers, and forest. The guide is at Torres del Paine,
and will be doing some of the most popular hikes and exploring the best sites. There is one site that stands head and shoulder above
the rest of the attraction in the park, Los Cuernos (The Horns). One of these spots is called Mirador Condor where you could get
unrivaled views of The Horns. Here is the highest mountain in the entire Torres del Paine National Park as well. The very top of the
mountains is a glacier. Another ideal spot to get that perfect shot of The Horns is in Mirador Los Cuernos. The hike begins at the
largest waterfall in the park called Salto Grande. The rest of the park does also offer you terrific views of The Horn. The Grey
Glacier is part of the southern Patagonia icefield. It is not everyday that you could see a glacier this up close. It is really one of the
most spectacular sights in the entire park. You will be impressed by its striking blue color. Unfortunately, this glacier is slowly
dissolving which is tragic. The guide stays at Hosteria Pehoe. The hotel lies in the most unique and probably the neatest location of
any hotel in any part of this national park, or maybe any national park. The hotel is located just in the middle of Pehoe Lake. One
of the most beautiful lakes in the entire park. The hotel gives you beautiful views of Los Cuernos. Paine Towers (Torres del Paine)
is the most popular attraction in the park. This mountain range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. If you want to view these
impressive sites, click to watch the video.
Actividad
This page titled 1.1.9: Chile is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
1.9: Chile by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
2: Capítulo 2 y Capítulo 3
2.1: Capítulo 2- La universidad y el colegio comunitario
2.1.1: Vocabulario 2- La universidad
2.1.2: Verbos regulares "-ar"
[Link]: Práctica- Verbos regulares "-ar"
2.1.3: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
2.1.4: Palabras interrogativas
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras interrogativas
2.1.5: El verbo "gustar"
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "gustar"
2.1.6: "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
[Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
[Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
2.1.7: Los números 200+
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 200+
2.1.8: Lectura- Las clases de Mariela
2.1.9: Video- La UNAM
2.1.10: España
2.2: Capítulo 3- Mi familia
2.2.1: Vocabulario 3- Mi familia
2.2.2: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad
2.2.3: Los adjetivos posesivos
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos posesivos
2.2.4: Tener y venir
[Link]: Práctica- Tener y venir
2.2.5: Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
2.2.6: El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
2.2.7: Saber y conocer
[Link]: Práctica- Saber y conocer
2.2.8: Lectura- La familia de Álex
2.2.9: Video- La familia de Álex (y de Lula)
2.2.10: Bolivia
2: Capítulo 2 y Capítulo 3 is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
1
SECTION OVERVIEW
2.1.10: España
This page titled 2.1: Capítulo 2- La universidad y el colegio comunitario is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.1.1 [Link]
2.1.1: Vocabulario 2- La universidad
La universidad y el colegio comunitario
Vocabulario
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary from this chapter. Watch the video and repeat the vocabulary after each slide.
Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 2.1.1Video.2.1.1: Capítulo 2: La universidad y el colegio comunitario. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary for the months of the year from this chapter. Watch the video and repeat the
vocabulary. Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 2.1.2Video.2.1.2: Capítulo 2: Los meses del año. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; C. Lin via YouTube)
[Link] [Link]
Ejemplo
In the video below, you will see Mariela and Álex talking about their classes. Pay attention to the classes they take and how they
ask each other questions related to college.
Figure 2.1.3Video.2.1.3: Capítulo 2: La universidad y el colegio comunitario. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Actividades
Complete the activity below based on the previous video.
Now complete the following activities based on the vocabulary list.
[Link] [Link]
Fill in the blank with the appropriate English equivalents of the following nouns.
eraser backpack
Thursday Monday
computer classmate
journalism subject
wall clock
[Link] materia:
[Link] mochila:
[Link] reloj:
[Link] borrador:
[Link]:
[Link] periodismo:
[Link]:
[Link] computadora:
[Link] pared:
Check
Reuse Embed
Complete each statement with the appropriate day of the week.
2A f H j M ñ
[Link] [Link]
[Link] fue . Hoy es jueves. Mañana es .
Check
Reuse Embed
This page titled 2.1.1: Vocabulario 2- La universidad is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.1: Vocabulario 2- La universidad by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
2.1.2: Verbos regulares "-ar"
Regular "-ar" verbs
Verbs are words that show action or a state of being. In Spanish, the basic form of a verb, or "the infinitive form", has three endings which are "-ar", "-er", and "-ir". In the chart below, the infinitive
endings are indicated in blue.
Infinitive form
bailar
comer
escribir
To make a sentence, a verb must be paired with a subject pronoun. In the chart below, all subject pronouns are in blue.
Singular Plural
yo nosotros/nosotras
tú vosotros/vosotras
usted, él/ella ustedes, ellos/ellas
When a verb is paired with a subject pronoun or noun, the infinitive ending changes. This is called "conjugating the verb". In the example below, the infinitive ending and the new ending are in blue.
Example
bailar
Yo bailo
To conjugate a regular "-ar" ending verb in the present tense, first remove the "-ar" ending.
English Spanish
1. Carlos listens to music.
2. Carlos is listening to music. Carlos escucha música.
3. Carlos does listen to music.
When two verbs are used together in a sentence with no change of subject pronoun or noun, the second verb is not conjugated (infinitive). In a negative sentence, place the "no" before the conjugated
verb. The subject pronoun and their corresponding endings are labeled in blue.
Examples
Yo necesito practicar el español.
Yo no dibujo mucho.
[Link] [Link]
List of common "-ar" verbs: continued:
bailar - to dance estudiar - to study
buscar - to look (for) (as in "searching" for something/someone) explicar - to explain
caminar - to walk hablar - to talk; to speak
cantar - to sing llegar - to arrive
cenar - to have/eat dinner; (Spanish does not use "have/eat" dinner) llevar - to carry; to take something to a pla
comprar - to buy mirar - to look (at); to watch
contestar - to answer necesitar - to need
conversar - to converse; to chat practicar - to practice
desayunar - to have/eat breakfast (Spanish does not use "have/eat" breakfast) preguntar - to ask (a question; an explanati
descansar - to rest preparar - to prepare
desear - to desire; to wish regresar - to return (to a location)
dibujar - to draw terminar - to end; to finish
enseñar - to teach tomar - to take; to drink
escuchar - to listen (to) trabajar - to work
esperar - to wait (for); to hope viajar - to travel
¡Ojo! In Spanish, the verbs "buscar, escuchar, esperar", and "mirar" do not require the additional prepositions "at", "for" or "to" like English does, as they are already part of the verb.
Ejemplos:
-Yo busco unos libros en la biblioteca. -Nosotros esperamos el autobús de la escuela.
I look for some books at the library. We wait for the school bus.
-Los chicos escuchan la música de Juanes. -Sebastián mira los videos de la gramática para su clase de español.
The boys listen to Juanes' music. Sebastián watches the grammar videos for his Spanish class.
This page titled 2.1.2: Verbos regulares "-ar" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open
Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.2: Verbos regulares "-ar" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Verbos regulares "-ar"
Regular "-ar" verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about "-ar" ending verbs, complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
[Link].2 [Link]
Fill in the first blank with the stem of the verb given. Then conjugate the verb
that is missing for the subject given in the present tense.
bailar: To dance
Usted, Ustedes,
estudiar: To study
Usted, Ustedes,
trabajar: To work
[Link].3 [Link]
Stem of the verb:
Usted, Ustedes,
Check
Reuse Embed
Conjugate and fill in the blanks with the verbs (in the sequence provided) for
each subject pronoun.
1. Yo , , .
2. Tú , , .
3. Él/Ella/Usted , , .
4. Nosotros/Nosotras , , .
5. Vosotros/Vosotras , , .
6. Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes , , .
[Link].4 [Link]
(In this order - regresar, cocinar, desayunar)
Check
[Link].5 [Link]
Conjugate the infinitive verb given in parenthesis in the present tense to
complete each sentence.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ.
Check
[Link].6 [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb from the list to match the picture. Don't
forget to conjugate the verb.
1) Jorge a España.
5) Yo los domingos.
Check
[Link].7 [Link]
2.1.3: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
Regular "-er", "-ir" ending verbs
In 2.2.0 we mentioned that in Spanish, the basic form of a verb, or the infinitive form, always ends in either "-ar", "-er", OR "-ir".
(In the examples below, all infinitive endings are in blue.)
Infinitive form
bailar
estudiar
comer
beber
escribir
vivir
As a review, to conjugate "-ar" ending verbs, remove the "-ar" ending and replace it with the following endings:
(In the charts below, the subject pronouns and their conjugation endings are noted in blue.)
Subject Pronoun (Singular) Conjugation of -ar (bailar) Subject Pronoun (Plural) Conjugation of -ar
Yo bailo nosotros/nosotras bailamos
tú bailas vosotros/vosotras bailáis
usted, él/ella baila ustedes, ellos/ellas bailan
Regular verbs ending in "-er", "-ir" will follow the same conjugation pattern as regular "-ar" ending verbs, but with the following new endings:
Subject Pronoun (Singular) Conjugation of -er (comer) Subject Pronoun (Plural) Conjugation of -er
Yo como nosotros/nosotras comemos
tú comes vosotros/vosotras coméis
usted, él/ella come ustedes, ellos/ellas comen
Subject Pronoun (Singular) Conjugation of -ir (abrir) Subject Pronoun (Plural) Conjugation of -ir
Yo abro nosotros/nosotras abrimos
tú abres vosotros/vosotras abrís
usted, él/ella abre ustedes, ellos/ellas abren
¡Ojo! The endings for "-er" and "-ir" are almost the same, except for the "nosotros, nosotras" and the "vosotros, vosotras" form.
When two verbs are used together in a sentence with no change of subject pronoun or noun, the second verb is not conjugated (infinitive). In a negative sentence, place the "no" before the conjugated
verb:
Examples
Yo debo barrer el piso hoy.
Yo no asisto a muchos conciertos.
Common regular "-er", "-ir" verbs
[Link] [Link]
comprender - to understand decidir - to decide
correr - to run definir - to define
creer - to believe (in) describir - to describe
deber - should escribir - to write
leer - to read insistir - to insist
meter - to put in; to insert permitir - to allow
prender - to catch; to turn on persistir - to persist
romper - to break prohibir - to prohibit; to forbid
temer - to fear; to dread recibir - to receive
vender - to sell vivir - to live
¡Ojo!
Aprender: The "a" is required only when used with another verb in the infinitive:
Aprendo el español. (but) Aprendo "a" hablar el español.
Asistir: Is not to be confused with the verb 'to assist' (helping someone). The "a" is required in the sentence when used with a "noun of place or event". When "a" is used with the masculine
singular definite article "el", "a + el" combine to "al":
Asisto "al" partido de fútbol los domingos. Asistimos "a" la universidad.
Prohibir: Requires a written accent on the letter "i" for all the conjugations except the "nosotros, nosotras" and the "vosotros, vosotras" form: prohíbo, prohíbes, prohíbe, prohibimos, prohibís,
prohíben. All conjugations that require an accent on letter "i" are noted in bold.
This page titled 2.1.3: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC
Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.2: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
Regular "-er", "-ir" ending verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about regular verbs ending in "-er" and "-ir", complete the following activities.
Actividades
Fill in the blanks with the missing forms of the verb. For each verb, start by
providing the stem of each verb given. Then conjugate the verb that is missing
in the present tense.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú
ñ
Aprender: To learn
Usted, Ustedes,
Escribir: To write
Usted, Ustedes,
[Link].1 [Link]
Leer: To read
Usted, Ustedes,
Asistir: To attend
Usted, Ustedes,
Check
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word provided to complete each
statement.
1. Aprender =
2. Beber =
3. Comer =
[Link].2 [Link]
4. Comprender =
5. Correr =
6. Creer =
7. Deber =
8. Leer =
9. Vender =
10. Abrir =
11. Asistir =
12. Compartir =
13. Decidir =
14. Escribir =
15. Recibir =
16. Vivir =
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated
by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.2.1: Práctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].3 [Link]
2.1.4: Palabras interrogativas
Forming questions in Spanish
In Spanish, when writing a question, an upside-down question mark (¿) is necessary at the beginning of the question and a regular question mark (?) is
used at the end. There are two types of questions that we use:
1. Yes/No questions.
2. Questions that require information.
Yes/No Questions
There are four ways to ask a yes/no question:
By adding the question marks to a statement, and raising the pitch of your voice at the end of the sentence:
Statement Question
Statement Question
Statement Question
Statement Question
[Link] [Link]
¿Qué música escuchas? ¿Adónde viajan ellas?
¿Cuándo escuchas música? ¿Quiénes viajan?
"Women's break" by eommina, Pixabay is licensed under "Women" by RoadLight, Pixabay is licensed under CC0 1.0
CC0 1.0
¡Ojo! "Why?" in Spanish is two words with a written accent: ¿por qué?. The answer "because", is written as one word without the written accent: porque.
¡Un poquito más! Some prepositions are attached to the question word or at the beginning of the question word. These prepositions are: "a" means "to",
"para" means "for", "de" means "of" or "from". For examples: "quién/quiénes" mean "who", by adding "de" to "quién/quiénes" --> "de quién(es)" means
"whose"; "a quién(es)" means "to whom"; and "para quién(es)" means "for whom".
This page titled 2.1.4: Palabras interrogativas is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez,
[Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.3: Palabras interrogativas by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras interrogativas
Forming questions in Spanish
Now that you have reviewed the information on how to ask questions in Spanish, complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
[Link].2 [Link]
Fill in the blank with the question words given to complete the sentence. (P=
Pregunta (Question), R=Respuesta (Answer))
3. P: ¿ hora es?
R: Es la una de la tarde.
5. P: ¿ te llamas?
R: (Yo) me llamo Antonio Rivas.
7. P: ¿ es el diccionario?
R: El diccionario es de Javier.
9 P t di ñ l?
[Link].3 [Link]
9. P: ¿ estudias español?
R: Estudio español porque es muy interesante.
Check
Complete each question with the correct interrogative word, equivalent to the
English word in bold.
1. ¿ es tu nombre?
What is your name?
2. ¿ sois vosotros?
Where are you (plural, informal) from?
4. ¿ estudiantes hay?
How many students are there?
5. ¿ plumas hay?
How many pens are there?
Check
[Link].4 [Link]
Fill in each blank with the English equivalent of the question word.
1. ¿Cómo? ?
2. ¿Cuál/Cuáles? ?
3. ¿Cuántos/Cuántas? ?
4. ¿Cuándo? ?
5. ¿Cuánto? ?
6a. ¿Quién/¿Quiénes? ?
6b. ¿De quién/De quiénes? ?
6c. ¿Para quién/Para quiénes? ?
6d. ¿A quién?/A quiénes? ?
8a. ¿Qué? ?
8b. ¿A qué hora? ?
8c. ¿Para qué? ?
9. ¿Por qué? ?
Check
Fill in the blank with the appropriate question word to complete the
questions. Use the following question words given below.
2. ¿ está usted?
3. ¿ tal?
[Link].5 [Link]
4. ¿ es tu nombre?
Check
Read the questions (in Spanish) below and fill in the blank with a, b, or c
depending on which applies best:
a. Aims to confirm what the speaker already believes to be true.
5. ¿Samira es de Yemen?
Check
[Link].6 [Link]
Convert the sentences into a Yes/No question by following the model. Use
only one of the two options.
¿ ?
¿ ?
¿ ?
¿ ?
¿ ?
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Palabras interrogativas is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.3.1: Práctica- Palabras interrogativas by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].7 [Link]
2.1.5: El verbo "gustar"
The verb "gustar"
Observations
In the expression: "El gusto es mío", the noun "gusto" means "pleasure".
As a verb, "gustar" means "to please" or "to be pleasing (to someone)".
Spanish does not have a verb that directly means "to like". The closest verb for expressing likes and dislikes is the verb "gustar".
Since "gustar" means "to please", a sentence in Spanish using a direct "subject-verb" conjugation like in English would be:
English Spanish
I please Spanish.
To express likes in Spanish using "gustar", we will have to invert the subject pronoun and the direct object:
The "someone" doing the action of liking is now receiving the action of being pleased.
The "something" being liked is now doing the action of pleasing.
The following chart shows the change of the "someone" as subject pronoun (crossed out) to "someone" as the receiver of the action (indirect object pronoun=IOP).
The clarifier is the indirect object (IO). It clarifies who the IOP refers to.
(In the chart below, all words in blue reflect the replacement of the normal subject pronouns that are now the IOP and the clarifier (IO)).
The indirect object nouns (a + prepositional pronoun/noun) are added to emphasize or clarify who it is pleasing to.
You will only use the verb "gustar" in the 3rd person singular or plural: "gusta" or "gustan".
Six key things that are different with the verb "gustar"
1. It always uses an indirect object pronoun.
2. It may also use and IO as clarifier: "a + name or prepositional pronoun or noun".
3. The clarifier goes in front of the sentence.
4. It only has two conjugations: "gusta" for actions (verbs in the infinitive -whether there is one or more than one verb) or for a singular noun; or "gustan" for plural nouns.
5. It is conjugated based on what comes after it.
6. If it is followed by a noun, it must include the definite article. If it is followed by a verb, the verb is not conjugated (infinitive) and the definite article is not used.
Complete conjugation
(In the chart below, all words in blue are used in sentences with the verb "gustar" in replacement of the normal subject pronouns.)
With verbs:
clarifier IOP verb subject pronoun (verb) clarifier IOP verb subject pronou
A mí me gusta estudiar español. A nosotros, a nosotras nos gusta estudiar español.
[Link] [Link]
clarifier IOP verb subject pronoun (pl. noun) clarifier IOP verb subject prono
A ella le gustan los idiomas. A ellas les gustan los idiomas.
To express dislike, simply place the "no" directly in front of the IOP:
clarifier no IOP verb subject pronoun clarifier no IOP verb subject pronoun
When expressing that you like something very much, the word "mucho" is always placed directly after the verb "gustar":
clarifier IOP verb subject pronoun clarifier IOP verb subject pronoun
A usted le gustan mucho los chocolates. A ustedes les gustan mucho los chocolates.
This page titled 2.1.5: El verbo "gustar" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational
Resources Initiative) .
2.4: El verbo "gustar" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "gustar"
The verb "gustar"
Now that you have reviewed the information about "gustar", complete the following activities.
Actividades
Fill in the missing blank with the verb Gustar in the present tense. Use the clue
given after the blank space to help you decide which form of the verb GUSTAR
("gusta" or "gustan") to use.
3. A mí me la clase de español.
Check
Choose the correct answer to complete the statement.
1. A mí _______ ________ las ciencias políticas.
me gusta
me gustan
yo gusto
Reuse Embed
[Link].1 [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the indirect object pronoun and conjugate the verb
GUSTAR to best complete each statement.
nos gusta, te gustan, me gusta, os gusta, les gusta, nos gustan, me gustan, te gusta, le
gusta, le gustan
2. A ti las matemáticas.
7. A mí los chocolates.
8. ¿A ti el arte?
Check
[Link].2 [Link]
Fill in the missing words with the indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os,
les) to complete the statement using verb Gustar.
Check
Reuse Embed
[Link].3 [Link]
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El verbo "gustar" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio
De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.4.1: Práctica- El verbo "gustar" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
2.1.6: "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
"Estar" with prepositions and adjectives
In 1.4.0 you learned how to conjugate the verb "ser" (to be). Unlike English, Spanish has a second verb that translates as "to be":
"estar".
Conjugation
While it looks like a regular "-ar" verb, "estar" is an irregular verb because the "yo" form is irregular; and the endings of "tú, usted,
él, ella, ustedes, ellos, ellas" require a written accent.
Uses of "estar"
The acronym used to help you remember the uses of "estar" is PLACE:
In the following list, the words that refer to the acronym PLACE are indicated in bold.
Position: "El libro está encima de la mesa." "El lápiz está en la mochila." ("The book is on top of the table." "The pencil is in
the backpack.")
Location: "Ramiro está en la oficina." "Inés está en casa." ("Ramiro is at the office." "Inés is at home.")
Action: "Ellos están hablando". "Beto está caminando." ("They are talking." "Beto is walking.")
Condition: "Estoy enfermo." "Laura está preocupada." ("I am sick (ill)." "Laura is worried.")
Emotion: "Tú estás feliz." "Vosotros estáis tristes." ("You are happy." "You are sad.")
[Link] [Link]
Inés está en casa. Beto está caminando.
"laptop" by Hatice EROL, Pixabay is licensed under "Walking" by ijmaki, Pixabay is licensed under CC0 1.0
CC0 1.0
Estoy enfermo.
"Catch a cold" by Conmongt, Pixabay is licensed under
CC0 1.0
[Link] [Link]
cerrado/a closed equivocado/a wrong seguro/a sure
This page titled 2.1.6: "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by
M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.5: "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
"Estar" with prepositions and adjectives
Now that you have reviewed the information about the verb "estar", complete the following activities.
Actividades
Use the preposition bank and fill in the blanks to match with its Spanish
equivalent.
Preposition Bank
next to, to the right of, to the left of, over there, there, near, with, below, behind, in front of,
in/on, on top of, between, far from, without, on/over
1. Al lado de:
3. A la izquierda de:
4. Allá:
5. Allí:
6. Cerca de:
7. Con:
8. Debajo de:
9. Detrás de:
11. En:
13. Entre:
[Link].1 [Link]
15. Sin:
16. Sobre:
Check
Fill in the blank with the verb ESTAR to complete each statement.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ.
¡Ojo! Do not forget the written accent on the verb Estar!
2. Tú en la clase de español.
3. Yo enfrente de la biblioteca.
6. ¿Vosotros bien?
Check
Reuse Embed
[Link].2 [Link]
Click on the items on the picture that complete each sentence: 1. ___ están
entre la computadora y el cuaderno. 2. ___ está a la derecha de la pizarra. 3.
___ está debajo de la silla. 4. ___ está detrás del escritorio. 5. ___ está encima
de los papeles.
This picture was created on StoryBoardThat by Hsing Ho.
[Link].3 [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition provided to complete each
statement.
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.5.1: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed
CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos
"Estar" with prepositions and adjectives
Now that you have reviewed the information about the verb "estar", complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.5.2: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed
CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
2.1.7: Los números 200+
Numbers 200+
In this lesson, we will be going over numbers 200 and above.
Números: Hundreds
You have learned in the previous chapter that "cien" is used for 100 and "ciento" is used for 101-199. Numbers starting with 200-
900 will used the plural form of "ciento". Note the word "o" in "cientos" can be changed to "cientas" when counting the nouns that
are feminine; but there is no difference when counting only numbers or nouns that are masculine.
Ejemplos
The nouns and the gender agreement of the numbers will be highlighted in bold in the chart below.
Number Counting only Counting using masculine nouns Counting using feminine nouns
575 quinientos setenta y cinco quinientos setenta y cinco libros quinientas setenta y cinco plumas
762 setecientos sesenta y dos setecientos sesenta y dos libros setecientas sesenta y dos plumas
Números: Thousands
1.000 mil
2.000 dos mil
5.000 cinco mil
10.000 diez mil
17.000 diecisiete mil
50.000 cincuenta mil
100.000 cien mil
170.000 ciento setenta mil
200.000 doscientos mil
500.000 quinientos mil
900.000 novecientos mil
[Link] [Link]
Unlike English, in Spanish, 1.000-9.999 are not expressed as pair of two-digit numbers nor has teen-hundreds.
Modelo:
1987 - nineteen eighty-seven: mil novecientos ochenta y siete
2500 - twenty-five hundred: dos mil quinientos
Unlike English, Spanish uses the period (.) instead of comma (,); and a comma (,) instead of a period (.)
thousand and beyond, a period is used. Modelo:
1.000 - mil
10.000 - diez mil
100.000 - cien mil
1.000.000 - un millón
decimals or cents, a comma is used. Modelo:
US $30,25 - treinta dólares y veinticinco centavos
US $0,99 - noventa y nueve centavos
Números: Millions
When counting millions in Spanish, the preposition "de" is used after the million (shown in bold). Look at the chart below. Note
that there are no thousands, hundreds, tens nor ones after "millón" or "millones" when using "de".
Modelo:
¿Cuántas personas hay en la ciudad de México, D.F.?
Hay ocho millones ochocientas cincuenta y cinco mil personas en la ciudad de México D.F. (8.855.000 personas).
¿Cuántas personas hay en Madrid, España?
Hay tres millones doscientas veintitrés mil personas en Madrid, España (3.223.000 personas).
Note that when counting nouns and expressing "hundreds", it needs to agree in gender with the noun used. The examples provided
(above) are shown in bold.
This page titled 2.1.7: Los números 200+ is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.6: Los números 200+ by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 200+
Numbers 200+
Now that you have reviewed the information about the numbers above 200, complete the following activities.
Actividades
¡A Contar! Look at the pattern and write out the missing number in Spanish.
3. mil, , tres mil, cuatro mil, cinco mil, , siete mil, ocho mil,
.
5. cero, diez, cien, , diez mil, cien mil, , diez millones, cien millones.
Check
¿Cuántos hay? Números 200+ Answer the questions using the expression
“Hay” and spell out the number given in parenthesis to match with the item
given (“one” = un/una).
[Link].1 [Link]
Hay (551) cuadernos.
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los números 200+ is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio
De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.6.1: Práctica- Los números 200+ by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].2 [Link]
2.1.8: Lectura- Las clases de Mariela
Las clases de Mariela
Read Mariela's introduction. As you read, pay attention to the classes she takes and the activities she does in her college. Do you
take any of the classes she takes? Do you like visiting the same places she visits in her college? Do you do any of the activities she
mentions?
Lectura
¡Hola!
Me llamo Mariela y soy estudiante de computación en el colegio comunitario. Este semestre tomo cuatro clases: español,
computación, inglés y matemáticas. Tomo clases los lunes, miércoles y viernes. Los martes y jueves generalmente estoy en la
biblioteca o en la cafetería con mis compañeros de clase. Allí estudiamos para las clases. Los sábados y domingos descanso,
escucho mi música favorita y bailo.
En este momento estoy en la clase de español. En la clase hay veintiocho estudiantes. La profesora está delante de los estudiantes y
el pizarrón está detrás de la profesora. A la derecha de los estudiantes hay una puerta y dos ventanas. A la izquierda de los
estudiantes hay tres mapas. Al lado de los mapas hay un reloj. En mi mochila hay un cuaderno, una pluma y un libro.
¿Y tú? ¿Qué hay en tu universidad? ¿Cuántas clases tomas este semestre? ¿Cuál es tu clase favorita? ¿Cuántos estudiantes hay en la
clase? ¿Qué hay en tu salón de clase?
Now that you have read about Mariela's classes, complete the activities below.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each sentence as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
[Link] [Link]
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Reuse Embed
Click on the sentence that best answers the question.
[Link] [Link]
¿Dónde está la profesora?
Está delante de los estudiantes.
Reuse Embed
Answer the questions by filling in the missing words to make the response a
complete sentence. More than one word is needed per blank.
Escritura
On a separate paper or document, write a paragraph in Spanish in response to Mariela’s message. Mention your name and answer
all the questions at the end of her message. Write at least 30 words in Spanish using a variety of vocabulary words and phrases
from this chapter. Once you finish, submit it to your instructor.
This page titled 2.1.8: Lectura- Las clases de Mariela is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.7: Lectura- Las clases de Mariela by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
2.1.9: Video- La UNAM
La Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM)
Some students from a Spanish class are planning to study abroad in Mexico City. They are considering attending UNAM, one of
the most famous universities in Latin America. Listen as they plan their trip and pay attention to the interests of each of the
students. Do the students have anything in common with you? Is UNAM similar to your campus? ( Video Transcript)
Figure [Link].7.2 : Deseamos estudiar en la UNAM. (CC BY-NC 4.0; Karla Gutiérrez via YouTube)
Now that you have watched the video, complete the following activities.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each sentence as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
This page titled 2.1.9: Video- La UNAM is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.8: Video- La UNAM by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
2.1.10: España
España
Map
"EU location ESP", by David Liuzzo, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
General Information
La capital: Madrid
La ubicación: Europa en la península Ibérica
La moneda: el euro
Ciudades importantes: Barcelona, Sevilla y Valencia
La economía: industria de automóviles, productos químicos y farmacéuticos
El clima: hace mucho frío en el invierno y mucho calor en el verano.
"Sp-map-es", by CIA World Factbook, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
[Link] [Link]
Interesting Facts
El flamenco es un baile tradicional muy conocido en España. Se origina en el sur de España sus raíces son una mezcla de culturas
de gitanos (gypsy), árabes, judíos.
La siesta es una costumbre española muy común. Muchas personas descansan después del almuerzo. Muchas ciudades conservan
esta costumbre y cierran todos los negocios (business) para descansar.
En España hay cinco lenguas oficiales. En España además del español también hablan el catalán, el valenciano, el gallego y el
euskera.
Don Quijote de la Mancha se considera la primera novela moderna en la historia. El autor es Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra.
La Tomatina es una fiesta donde se celebra la cosecha (harvest) de tomates. La gente se tira tomates todo el día. Los españoles
usan toneladas de tomates en la celebración y todos se divierten lanzándose tomates en las calles.
Ir de tapas para los españoles es ir a un restaurante con amigos para tomar bebidas y comer tapas (appetizers) Muchas personas
después de trabajar van a los restaurantes de la ciudad a disfrutar de estos platos pequeños pero muy deliciosos. Hay mucha
variedad de tapas, pero las tapas más tradicionales son de jamón (ham), huevo y patata. Los españoles llaman a la papa patatas.
La Sagrada Familia es una catedral muy famosa. La Sagrada Familia está en la ciudad de Barcelona. Gaudí es el arquitecto
famoso que lo diseñó (designed). La catedral está todavía en construcción desde el año 1882. La construcción tiene diseños
espectaculares y la catedral va a ser inaugurada en el año 2026.
Actividades
Mark each sentence as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
Las Tapas
Watch the video below (or read its summary) to answer the questions below.
Figure [Link].8.0 : Es las mejores tapas de España. (Ruben y el mundo via YouTube)
Actividades
La Sagrada Familia
First review the word bank at the bottom of the paragraph.
La Sagrada Familia es el edificio más emblemático de Barcelona. La catedral del arquitecto Antonio Gaudí está en construcción
desde hace 134 años. Muchos la consideran “la eterna incompleta” (the eternally incomplete). Jordi Faulí es el séptimo arquitecto
después de Gaudí. Jordi dirige los trabajos de construcción desde el 2012 y pertenece al equipo desde 1990. Él trabaja en una
oficina donde había solo cuatro personas y ahora son casi 50 personas. La catedral completa va a tener 18 torres y 4 fachadas.
[Link] [Link]
Gaudí trabajó durante 40 años en su obra maestra hasta su muerte en 1926. Desde la muerte de Gaudí, arquitectos de todo el
mundo construyen la iglesia. Los fondos para la construcción lo reúne la fundación de La Sagrada Familia. Se financia únicamente
con donativos y venta de entradas, ni el estado español ni la iglesia como institución contribuyen. Para terminar la obra de
Gaudí, se necesitan 25 millones de euros anuales. Gaudí y sus colaboradores construyeron la fachada del nacimiento para dejarlo
como muestra para el futuro. Gaudí era un arquitecto más bien intuitivo a menudo sus ideas surgían en plena fase de construcción.
La iglesia tiene una longitud de 90. La torre más alta es de 162 metros de altura. La Sagrada Familia va a tener el campanario más
alto del mundo, sin embargo, Gaudí no dejó planos de ejecución a sus sucesores pues él empleaba modelos en yeso, pero estos
fueron destruidos en su mayoría durante la guerra civil española en los años treinta. Maquetas y animaciones en computadoras
sirven ahora para completar los huecos del plan maestro de Gaudí. El objetivo es construir del modelo de Gaudí con máxima
fidelidad a sus ideas. Por lo tanto, el primer objetivo del equipo de construcción, al empezar cualquier parte, es estudiar a fondo la
información original de Gaudí y hacer esta información realidad. Seguir con las obras de construcción de La Sagrada Familia
siempre creó controversia. En los años 50, un grupo de arquitectos pidieron dejarla incompleta, representantes del ámbito artístico
y arquitectónico español apoyaron esta postura en el año 2008 también. Actualmente las protestas cesaron con excepción de
vecinos del lugar que temen grandes aglomeraciones de personas. Jordi Faulí, opina que evidentemente es un edificio conocido y
por tanto es lógico que haya opiniones diversas. El exterior acabado será un conjunto arquitectónico extraordinario con la visión de
las 18 torres que tendrán distintos puntos de vistas dependiendo de donde se mire. El objetivo es terminar la construcción en el año
2026 para celebrar el centenario de la muerte de Gaudí.
Information based on video "Obra incompleta: La Sagrada Familia, Euromaxx"
Word bank
edificio = building
emblemático = emblematic
arquitecto = architect
construcción = construction
dirige = leads (verb)
había = there was/there were
torre = tower
fachada = facade
trabajó = worked
obra maestra = masterpiece
muerte = death
fondos = funds
se financia = is financed
donativos = donations
venta de entradas = ticket sales
contribuyen = to contribute
anualmente = annually
construyeron = they built
era = was/were
más alta = the highest
el campanario = bell tower
dejó = left
planos = architectonic drawings
[Link] [Link]
él empleaba modelos en yeso = he used cast models
fueron destruidos = were destroyed
guerra civil = civil war
objetivo = goal
fidelidad = fidelity
seguir = to continue
controversia = controversy
temen = afraid
aglomeraciones = agglomerations
conocido = known
tendrán = will have
celebrar el centenario de la muerte = to celebrate the centenary of death
Actividades
This page titled 2.1.10: España is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.9: España by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
SECTION OVERVIEW
2.2.10: Bolivia
This page titled 2.2: Capítulo 3- Mi familia is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
2.2.1 [Link]
2.2.1: Vocabulario 3- Mi familia
Mi familia
Vocabulario
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary from this chapter. Watch the video and repeat the vocabulary after each slide.
Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 3.1.1Video.3.1.1: Capítulo 3: Mi familia. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Ejemplo
In the video below, you will see Samira and Pedro talking about their family.
Figure 3.1.2Video.3.1.2: Una conversación: ¿Tu familia es grande o pequeña?. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
[Link] [Link]
Actividades
Complete the activity below based on the previous video.
Now complete the following activities based on the vocabulary list.
This page titled 2.2.1: Vocabulario 3- Mi familia is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.1: Vocabulario 3- Mi familia by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
2.2.2: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjectives of Nationality
Descriptive Adjectives
1. Adjectives are words that describe nouns (people, places, and things).
2. Since nouns have gender and number, adjectives also have a gender and number that must agree with the noun they describe.
3. The verb "ser" is used with descriptive adjectives.
Rules
(In the rules below, all different ending options are noted in bold.)
For adjectives ending in -o there are four forms (masculine, feminine, singular, plural). To form the plural, simply add "-s" to the vowel: -o, -os, -a, -as. Examples: alto, altos, alta, altas.
For adjectives ending in -e or -ista, there are only two forms (singular and plural, as they do not change in gender). To form the plural, simply add "-s" to the vowel: -e, -es, -ista, -istas. Examples:
inteligente, inteligentes, idealista, idealistas.
For adjectives ending in a consonant, there are only two forms (singular and plural, as they do not change in gender). To form the plural, simply add "-es" to the consonant: -l, -les, -n, -nes.
Examples: fácil, fáciles, joven, jóvenes.
For adjectives ending in -or, there are four forms (masculine, feminine, singular, plural). To form the plural, add "-s" if the singular form ends in a vowel; but add "-es" if the singular form ends in
a consonant: -or, -ores, -ora, -oras. Examples: trabajador, trabajadores, trabajadora, trabajadoras.
bueno/a = good gran = great moreno/a = brunette; dark-skinned; tanned tímido/a = shy; timid
*For native English speakers, the word "negro" is often confusing. While it is the word for the color black in Spanish, it is a racial slur in English. For this reason, in the United States, many Spanish
speakers use " afroamericano" and "afroamericana" or "moreno" and "morena" instead. Please note that "afroamericano" and "afroamericana" do not work for other nationalities, as each country has
its own nationality. Other cultures do use the prefix "afro" with nationalities and regional identities, but it is currently used more often to describe elements of culture rather than to describe individuals
(example: la cultura afroperuana, la música afrocubana, la gastronomía afrocaribeña). When talking about race, it is important that people and communities of color get to determine what is acceptable
language; and it is also important to note that what is accepted may differ by individual, culture, and/or moment in time.
Adjectives of Nationality
1. These are also descriptive adjectives but they are formed slightly different.
2. Adjectives of nationality are not capitalized in Spanish.
3. The verb "ser" is used with adjectives of nationality.
Rules
(In the rules below, all different ending options are noted in bold.)
For adjectives ending in -o there are four forms (masculine, feminine, singular, plural). To form the plural, simply add "-s" to the vowel: -o, -os, -a, -as. Examples: peruano, peruanos, peruana,
peruanas.
For adjectives ending in -e, there are only two forms (singular and plural, as they do not change in gender). To form the plural, simply add "-s" to the vowel: -e, -es. Examples: estadounidense,
estadounidenses.
For adjectives ending in -ú, there are only two forms (singular and plural, as they do not change in gender). To form the plural, keep the written accent, and "-es" to it: -u, -úes. Examples: hindú,
hindúes.
[Link] [Link]
For adjectives ending in a consonant, there are four forms (masculine, feminine, singular and plural). The masculine singular has a written accent on the vowel of the last syllable. The feminine
singular is formed by adding an "-a" to it without the written accent. To form the plural, add "-es" to the masculine singular noun and remove the written accent; add "-s" to the feminine singular
noun: -és, -eses, -esa, -esas. OR -án, -anes, -ana, -anas. Examples: inglés, ingleses, inglesa, inglesas. OR alemán, alemanes, alemana, alemanas.
árabe = Arab colombiano/a = Colombian estadounidense = from the U.S. italiano/a = Italian portugués, po
argentino/a = Argentine coreano/a = Korean filipino/a = Filipino japonés, japonesa = Japanese puertorriqueñ
boliviano/a = Bolivian costarricense = Costa Rican francés, francesa = French mexicano/a = Mexican ruso/a = Russ
This page titled 2.2.2: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo
(ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.3: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjectives of Nationality
Now that you have reviewed the information about the adjectives, complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
Use the adjectives in parenthesis to complete each sentence. Make sure the
adjective you provide agrees in gender and in number with the subject or object
it modifies.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ.
Check
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pair of adjectives in Spanish (provided
below) to best complete each statement.
Pair of adjectives
americano y serio
baja y delgada
inteligentes y trabajadores
sinceras y honestas
2. La joven es .
[Link].2 [Link]
3. El hombre es .
Check
Reuse Embed
Use the given adjectives of nationality for each set, provide the corresponding
adjective that agrees in gender and in number with the subject it modifies.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ.
francés
Pierre es .
Caroline es
español
Diego es
Laura es
canadiense
Thomas es
[Link].3 [Link]
Lea es
Check
Reuse Embed
[Link].4 [Link]
Given the statements, complete the remaining statement with the
corresponding descriptive adjectives in bold and change the adjectives from
masculine to feminine and vice-versa.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ.
[Link].5 [Link]
Opposites: Fernando and Henry are total opposites. Use the correct adjectives
from the list to fill in the missing blanks.
5) Henry y Fernando son padre e hijo (father and son) pero son muy .
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed,
and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.3.1: Práctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is
licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].6 [Link]
2.2.3: Los adjetivos posesivos
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. That is, they agree with what is possessed, not the possessor.
In the following examples, the singular and plural endings are noted in bold.
tus cuadernos your notebooks sus sillas your, his, her, their chairs
Possessive Adjectives
Before singular nouns Before plural nouns English
mi mis my
Notice that in addition to agreeing in number, "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras" and "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras" also
change to agree with the noun they modify in gender (masculine or feminine).
In the following examples, the masculine and feminine endings are noted in bold.
… Spanish Singular nuestro libro our book vuestra casa your house
… Spanish Plural nuestros libros our books vuestras casas your houses
English: Spanish:
Since the possessive adjective "su" and "sus" can refer to several owners (usted, él, ella, ustedes, ellos, ellas), the phrase "article +
noun + de + subject pronoun" is often used to avoid confusion on who the owner is. Observe the difference between the following
two sentences:
Owner not specified:
Su casa es bonita.
Owner specified:
Ud.
él
[Link] [Link]
La casa de ella es bonita.
Uds.
ellos
ellas
On the examples for "owner specified" above, any of the subject pronouns in bold can be used.
As you learned previously, when the preposition "de" precedes the article "el", they contract to "del". Note that it does not form a
contraction with the subject pronoun "él" as it is not an article.
The formula "ser + de + subject pronoun or noun" is normally used to express possession:
La casa grande es de Vanessa y Carlos.
El cuaderno es de él.
La calculadora es de Ud.
Los diccionarios son de las chicas.
The examples above use bold to highlight the use of the formula "ser + de + subject pronoun or noun".
This page titled 2.2.3: Los adjetivos posesivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.4: Los adjetivos posesivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos posesivos
Possessive Adjectives
Now that you have reviewed the information about possessive adjectives, complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive adjective in Spanish (provided
below) to match with its English equivalent.
Mi, Mis, Tu, Tus, Su, Sus, Nuestro, Nuestra, Nuestros, Nuestras, Su, Sus
1. My diary: diario
2. My friends: amigos
Check
Reuse Embed
Fill in the missing words with possessive adjectives given in parenthesis.
Remember to gender and number agree with the noun it is modifying.
[Link].2 [Link]
3. (Our) tarea es para el próximo lunes.
Check
[Link].3 [Link]
Adjetivos Posesivos
Given the clue of whose item it belongs to, use the possessive adjectives (our) to match
with the phrase.
La pluma de nosotros
Turn
Card 1 of 9
[Link].4 [Link]
Fill in the missing words with possessive adjectives (mi/mis, tu/tus, su/sus,
nuestro(s)/nuestra(s), vuestro(s)/vuestra(s), su/sus) in the conversation
between two classmates, Keiko and Omar.
Keiko: ¿Por qué necesitas hablar con profesor? Mariela y tú toman la misma
clase de matemáticas, ¿no?
Omar: Necesito hablar con él porque no entiendo (I don’t understand) nada. Y sí, Mariela
toma la clase de matemáticas con el mismo profesor, pero clase de
matemáticas es a la una de la tarde. La mía es a las diez de la mañana.
[Link].5 [Link]
Adjetivos Posesivos 2
Given the clue of whose item it belongs to, use the possessive adjectives (his, her, your,
their, your) in Spanish to match with the noun.
La pluma de usted
Turn
Card 1 of 6
[Link].6 [Link]
2.2.4: Tener y venir
Verbs "tener" and "venir"
Before we review "tener" and "venir", let us review "-er" and "-ir" regular verbs conjugations.
Yo -o Yo -o
Tú -es Tú -es
It is important to be aware that "tener" (to have) and "venir" (to come) are "-er" and "-ir" ending verbs respectively. Thus, their
conjugations will have regular endings. In addition, they have an irregular "yo" form, and stem-changes in the conjugations of "tú,
él, ella, usted; and ellos, ellas, ustedes". The chart below, indicates the irregularities in the conjugations of "tener" and "venir" in
bold.
Yo tengo Yo vengo
Tú tienes Tú vienes
Spanish English
[Link] [Link]
Spanish English
Other expressions
"Tener que" (to have to) + [infinitive] is used to express obligation.
Tengo que trabajar esta tarde.
I have to work this afternoon.
"Tener ganas de" (to feel like) + [infinitive] is used to ask people if they feel like doing something.
Nosotros no tenemos ganas de hacer nada ahora.
We do not feel like doing anything right now.
¡Ojo! These idiomatic expressions of "tener" do not change except for the conjugation of its verb. Thus the verb "tener" matches
with the subject but the expression is fixed and it does not change. For example: Yo tengo mucha sed, y mis amigos tienen mucha
sed también. The idiomatic expression is noted in bold, analyze the conjugation of "tener" in both parts of the sentence.
This page titled 2.2.4: Tener y venir is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.5: Tener y venir by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Tener y venir
Verbs "tener" and "venir"
Now that you have reviewed the information about "tener and "venir", complete the following activities.
Actividades
[Link].1 [Link]
Conjugate the verbs TENER and VENIR and fill in the blanks with the
appropriate word/conjugation to match with each subject pronoun.
Tener: To have
Venir: To come
Check
Reuse Embed
Fill in the blank with either TENER or VENIR to complete each statement, and
conjugate the verbs in the present tense.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú
ñ
[Link].2 [Link]
3. ¿(Tú) a buscar a la profesora López?
Check
To be hot
tener calor
tener frío
tener hambre
tener sed
Reuse Embed
[Link].3 [Link]
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate idiomatic phrase of TENER (provided
below) to use in order to complete each situation.
tener hambre, tener 8 años, tener prisa, tener mucho calor, no tener razón, tener razón,
tener sed, tener mucho sueño, tener que estudiar, tener miedo
Check
Reuse Embed
[Link].4 [Link]
Fill in the blank with the verb given in parenthesis. Conjugate the verb TENER
in the present tense.
7. Ustedes comen una comida muy salada (very salty food). Ustedes (tener
sed).
8. Ana trabaja por muchas horas hasta muy tarde (until very late). Ana (tener
mucho sueño).
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Tener y venir is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.5.1: Práctica- Tener y venir by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].5 [Link]
2.2.5: Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
Comparisons of inequality and equality
Comparisons of inequality
Yo soy más alta que tú. Tú eres menos bajo que yo.
Mi padre tiene más años que mi mamá. Mi mamá tiene menos años que mi padre.
Tú corres más rápido que yo. Yo corro menos rápido que tú.
Mi padre corre más que mi mamá. Mi mamá cocina menos que mi padre.
Better más bueno (adjetivo), más bien (adverbio) mejor (singular), mejores (plural)
Worse más malo (adjetivo), más mal (adverbio) peor (singular), peores (plural)
Note that "grande" and "pequeño" can be used to compare size, but not age. For example, "más grande" refers to a bigger person,
not to an older person. Likewise, "más pequeño" refers to a smaller person, not to a younger person.
Comparisons of equality
[Link] [Link]
Tanto; tanta; tantos; tantas; + sustantivo +
Tan + adjetivo; adverbio + como verbo + tanto como
como
Tú eres tan inteligente como yo. Yo tengo tanto calor como tú. Mi mamá cocina tanto como mi tía.
Yo soy tan trabajadora como tú. Lucía tiene tanta ropa como Samira. Mi padre trabaja tanto como mi mamá.
Omar baila tan mal como Tomás. Mis amigas toman tantas clases como ustedes. Yo estudio tanto como mi hermano.
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curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.3: Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
Comparisons of inequality and equality
Now that you have reviewed the information about comparisons, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed,
and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.3.1: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is
licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad
Comparisons of inequality and equality
Now that you have reviewed the information about comparisons, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed,
and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.3.2: Práctica- Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is
licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
2.2.6: El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
Superlatives and absolute superlatives
Superlatives
Superlatives compare one versus all or the most and the least. Use the following constructions with superlatives:
Article + más + adjective + de + group being compared to. (Article and adjective must agree with gender and number of the subject
of the sentence.)
Article + menos + adjective + de + group being compared to. (Article and adjective must agree with gender and number of the
subject of the sentence.)
El más inteligente de la clase. (The most intelligent in the class. This example refers to a male student because it uses the article
"el".)
María es la más bonita de su familia. (María is the most beautiful in her family. Use "la" since María is a female.)
Juan y José son los más cómicos de su familia. (Juan and José are the most funny in their family. Use "los" to refer to Juan and
José.)
María y Mariela son las más bonitas de su clase. (María and Mariela are the most beautiful in their class. Use "las" to refer to
María and Mariela.)
Ejemplos
Note that all superlative endings and spell changes are indicated in bold.
English Spanish
large grande
My cell phone is extremely large. Mi celular es grandísimo.
My purse is extremely large. Mi bolsa es grandísima.
intelligent inteligente
We are extremely intelligent. Somos inteligentísimos.
nice simpático ("c" changes to "qu") (same for rico, rica, poco, poca)
My friends are extremely nice. Mis amigas son simpatiquísimas.
long largo ("g" changes to "gu")
My dress is extremely long. Mi vestido es larguísimo.
difficult difícil
These classes are extremely difficult. Estas clases son dificilísimas.
hard-working trabajador
Mis parents are extremely hard-working Mis padres son trabajadorcísimos.
young joven
Your parents are extremely young. Tus padres son jovencísimos.
This page titled 2.2.6: El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by
M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
[Link] [Link]
9.4: El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
Superlatives and absolute superlatives
Now that you have reviewed the information about the superlatives, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.4.1: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed
CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto
Superlatives and absolute superlatives
Now that you have reviewed the information about the superlatives, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.4.2: Práctica- El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed
CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
2.2.7: Saber y conocer
Verbs "saber" and "conocer" (to know)
Conjugation
In the present tense, both "saber" and "conocer" have an irregular conjugation in the "yo" form. The rest of the verb is conjugated
as a regular verb. The irregular conjugations of these verbs and their corresponding subject pronoun are noted in blue in the chart
below.
yo sé conozco
tú sabes conoces
Observations
In Spanish, "to know" can translate to both "saber" and "conocer" and they are not interchangeable. Knowing which verb to
choose depends on what it is that you "know".
To avoid confusion with "saber" and "conocer", change the way you think about the translation of these verbs as follows:
English: To know = Español: saber
English: To meet, have been to, to be familiar with = Español: conocer
If can you replace the word "know" in an English sentence with "to meet", "to have been to", or "to be familiar with", use
"conocer".
Saber: facts, information, how to do something.
If you "know" about something or about someone that actually exists; or something concrete used as a basis for further
interpretation (truth), use "saber + que" since it is a fact. Example: Ella sabe que Paris está en Francia.
If you "know" information about something that someone did (an invention, an event), use "saber + que" since it is now a piece
of information. Example: Tú sabes que la fiesta es por la noche.
If you "know" that someone knows how to do something (an action) --> "saber + [infinitive]", use "saber" since it is a skill.
Example: Yo sé tocar la guitarra.
Conocer: people, places, things.
If you "know" a person (a friend or someone famous), use "conocer" since it means "to be familiar with" that person. Example:
Conozco a mi mejor amigo muy bien.
If you "know" a person by having met them, use "conocer" since it means "to meet" someone. Example: Conocí a un artista
ayer. ("Conocí" is conjugated in past tense: I met.)
If you "know" a place by having visited and experienced it (a store, a city, a state, or a country), use "conocer" since it means
"to have been to" that location. Example: Conozco mi universidad.
If you "know" a particular thing by experiencing it (music, someone's writing, a play, a movie), use "conocer" since it means 'to
have experienced' it. Example: Conozco la tragedia Romeo y Julieta.
subject pronoun agradecer (to thank) ofrecer (to offer) parecer (to seem) conducir (to drive) traducir (to translate)
[Link] [Link]
subject pronoun agradecer (to thank) ofrecer (to offer) parecer (to seem) conducir (to drive) traducir (to translate)
This page titled 2.2.7: Saber y conocer is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.6: Saber y conocer by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Saber y conocer
Verbs "saber" and "conocer" (to know)
Actividades
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
[Link].1 [Link]
5. When using CONOCER with people, we use “personal a” after the verb
CONOCER.
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Given the statements in English, select the verb (SABER or CONOCER) to be used on the
following statements.
conocer
saber
Fill in the blanks with the conjugation of the verbs SABER and CONOCER.
Saber
[Link].2 [Link]
Usted/él/ella .............. Ustedes/ellos/ellas .............
Conocer
sabe
conoce
sé (saber, to know)
Check
[Link].3 [Link]
2. Yo _____________ los poemas en inglés al español.
sé (saber, to know)
Check
sé (saber, to know)
Check
sé (saber, to know)
[Link].4 [Link]
Check
sé (saber, to know)
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Saber y conocer is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio
De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.6.1: Práctica- Saber y conocer by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].5 [Link]
2.2.8: Lectura- La familia de Álex
La familia de Álex
Álex is a student who enjoys spending time with his family. Read his introduction where he talks about his family and the activities
they enjoy together. As you read, pay special attention to the names mentioned. Names in Spanish are longer because they include
two last names, the first one is always the fathter's family name and the second one is the mother's family name. If you lived in a
Spanish speaking country, what would your name be?
Lectura
Hola, ¿qué tal? Me llamo Álex Quispe González. Soy de Perú y tengo 27 años. Soy moreno, bajo, guapo, inteligente y simpático.
Estudio psicología en el colegio comunitario.
Mis padres son peruanos también. Ellos son viejos y morenos. Mi madre se llama Perla María González de Quispe. Ella es bonita,
delgada y antipática. Mi padre se llama Alejandro Gabriel Quispe Pérez. Él es gordo, inteligente y muy trabajador. Él es contador y
le gustan mucho los números y las matemáticas. Mis padres tienen tres hijos: mis dos hermanas gemelas y yo. Mis hermanas
gemelas se llaman Lola y Lula. Ellas tienen 25 años y son muy tontas.
Por las mañanas, mi familia y yo desayunamos y bebemos café. Después yo asisto a mis clases. Antes de la clase, yo abro mi libro,
leo y escribo las cosas importantes. Debo estudiar mucho para ser un buen psicólogo. Yo tengo una novia muy guapa, joven,
simpática y muy inteligente. Cuando no comprendo la lección, ella viene a la biblioteca y comparte sus notas. Nosotros
aprendemos juntos.
Nota cultural: Los nombres en español son más largos. Generalmente usamos dos apellidos, primero el apellido de nuestro padre y
después el apellido de nuestra madre. Por ejemplo, mi nombre es Álex “Quispe González”. Mi padre es Alejandro “Quispe” y mi
madre es Perla María “González”. Mis dos apellidos son Quispe González, Quispe es de mi padre y González es de mi madre.
Muchos hispanos usan también dos nombres completos, no usan un nombre y una inicial. Por ejemplo, mi madre es Perla María, no
es Perla M.
Now that you haver read about Álex's family, complete the activities below.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each statement as "cierto" (true) or "falso" (false).
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
[Link] [Link]
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Reuse Embed
Click on the correct answer for each of the questions below.
¿Cómo es Álex?
[Link] [Link]
p g
Álex es 27 años.
Check
Check
Ella es 25 años.
Check
Porque no usan inicial, usan segundo nombre y también usan dos apellidos.
Check
[Link] [Link]
¿Cuál es el apellido del padre de Perla?
Su apellido es González.
Su apellido es María.
Su apellido es Quispe.
Check
Reuse Embed
Fill in the missing adjectives. HINT: You may find the missing adjectives in more
than one sentence of the reading.
Álex es , , y .
Perla María es , , y .
Check
[Link] [Link]
yy ( p )
Check
This page titled 2.2.8: Lectura- La familia de Álex is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio
De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.7: Lectura- La familia de Álex by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
2.2.9: Video- La familia de Álex (y de Lula)
La familia Quispe González
In the previous reading, Álex introduces his family and describes his family members according to his point of view. In the video
below, his sister Lula gives her own description about their family. Pay attention on the descriptions Lula makes of her family
members. Do they both describe people using the same adjectives? Are there any differences? ( Video Transcript)
Figure [Link].7.2 : La familia Quispe González. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Karla Gutiérrez via YouTube)
Now that you know more about Álex's family, complete the activities below based on the video.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each statement as "cierto" (true) or "falso" (false).
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
[Link] [Link]
El esposo de Lula se llama Samuel Fernández.
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Se llama Perla.
Fill in the blanks with the nouns that refer to the relationship of the people
below.
[Link] [Link]
Samuel es el de Samanta y Lucas.
Check
Fill in the blanks with the missing family members from the list below.
esposo
hija
hijo
hijos
cuñado
sobrinos
hermana
Check
55 años.
This page titled 2.2.9: Video- La familia de Álex (y de Lula) is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by
M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.8: Video- La familia de Álex (y de Lula) by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
2.2.10: Bolivia
Bolivia
Map
Bolivia
Datos Importantes
La capital: La Paz
La moneda: el boliviano.
[Link] [Link]
más templado. (mild)
Datos interesantes
Bolivia comparte (share) con Perú el Lago Titicaca que es el lago navegable más alto del
mundo. El Lago Titicaca es una vía comercial muy importante para la economía del país.
Bolivia tiene una rica historia porque forma parte del gran Imperio Incaico y de otras
culturas muy antiguas. El país tiene áreas montañosas. Los Andes que pasan por Bolivia
tienen muchos volcanes activos y lagos majestuosos. En las cordilleras de los Andes
también hay muchas alpacas, vicuñas y llamas que son animales que viven en lugares
muy altos y fríos del planeta.
El Salar de Uyuni es una inmensa área desértica cubierta por sal. El desierto se extiende
por muchas millas y tiene lagunas donde podemos ver vistosos flamencos. Hay fenómeno
muy interesante cuando llueve en el Salar de Uyuni. Todo el desierto se convierte en un
gran espejo (mirror) que refleja el cielo (sky). Muchos lo llaman ¡el espejo más grande del
mundo! Muchas personas van allá para experimentar de este fenómeno natural y a tomar
fotos únicas. Esta experiencia convierte al Salar de Uyuni en un destino muy popular
para los turistas por sus vistas espectaculares.
[Link] [Link]
"Bl-map", by CIA World Factbook, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
Fill in the blank with the information based on the reading. Begin with the
definite article (el or las) with each answer.
Check
Phrase bank
[Link] [Link]
p y
las alpacas, vicuñas y llamas
Check
Reuse Embed
Salar de Uyuni
[Link] [Link]
Figure [Link].8.0 : Fui a comprobar si este mágico lugar existe. (Luisito Comunica via YouTube)
Actividad
This page titled 2.2.10: Bolivia is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.9: Bolivia by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
3: Capítulo 4 y 5
3.1: Capítulo 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones
3.1.1: Vocabulario 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones
3.1.2: El verbo "ir"
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "ir"
3.1.3: Los verbos con cambios radicales
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos con cambios radicales
3.1.4: Los verbos irregulares en el "yo"
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos irregulares en el "yo"
3.1.5: El presente progresivo
[Link]: Práctica- El presente progresivo
3.1.6: Por y para
[Link]: Práctica- Por y para
[Link]: Práctica- Por y para
3.1.7: Lectura- Reportaje de Sebastián
3.1.8: Video- Las vacaciones
3.1.9: Ecuador
3.2: Capítulo 5- De Compras
3.2.1: Vocabulario 5- De compras
3.2.2: Ser y estar
[Link]: Práctica- Ser y estar
3.2.3: Los objetos directos y los pronombres de los objetos directos
[Link]: Práctica- Los objetos directos y los pronombres de los objetos directos
3.2.4: Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de los objetos indirectos
[Link]: Práctica- Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de los objetos indirectos
3.2.5: Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
[Link]: Práctica- Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
3.2.6: El pretérito de los verbos regulares
[Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares
[Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares
3.2.7: Lectura- Keiko y Mariela
3.2.8: Video- De compras con Keiko y Mariela
3.2.9: Argentina
3: Capítulo 4 y 5 is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
1
SECTION OVERVIEW
3.1.9: Ecuador
This page titled 3.1: Capítulo 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated
by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
3.1.1 [Link]
3.1.1: Vocabulario 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones
Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones
Vocabulario
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary from this chapter. Watch the video and repeat the vocabulary after each slide.
Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 4.1.1Video.4.1.1: Capítulo 4: Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary for the seasons and the weather expressions from this chapter. Watch the video and
repeat the vocabulary. Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 4.1.2Video.4.1.2: Capítulo 4: Las estaciones y el clima. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; C. Lin via YouTube)
[Link] [Link]
Ejemplo
In the video below, you will see Mariela and Álex talking about their favorite pastimes and their future vacations. Pay attention to
how they ask each other for their favorite pastimes and future vacations.
Figure 4.1.3Video.4.1.3: Una conversación: ¿Cuál es tu pasatiempo favorito?. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Actividades
Complete the activity below based on the previous video.
Now complete the following activities based on the vocabulary list.
This page titled 3.1.1: Vocabulario 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.1: Vocabulario 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed
CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
3.1.2: El verbo "ir"
The verb "ir"
Conjugation
Subject pronoun Conjugation
yo voy
tú vas
Observations
The verb "ir" is irregular in all the forms.
Conjugations do not have accent marks.
Often used with the preposition "a" (to). If followed by the definite article "el", they combine to form the contraction "al".
Examples:
Los estudiantes van "a" la biblioteca a estudiar.
Nosotros vamos "al" estadio a ver el partido de básquetbol.
Uses
The construction "ir + a + [article + noun]" is used to talk about the present. It refers to something that usually happens or to
something happening at a specific time.
Examples:
La chica va a la clase los lunes. (The girl goes to class on Mondays.)
La chica va a la clase en este momento. (The girl is going to class right now.)
The construction "ir + a + [infinitive]" is used to talk about actions that are going to happen in the near future.
Examples:
Voy a esquiar este fin de semana con mis amigos. (I'm going skiing this weekend with my friends.)
¿Vais a ir de excursión el sábado? (Are you going on a hike on Saturday?)
In the nosotros form, "vamos + a + [infinitive]" can also express the idea of "let's" (do something).
Examples:
¡Vamos a ver una película! (Let's watch a movie!)
¡Vamos a comer en el centro! (Let's eat downtown!)
(In the examples above, all the constructions used with "ir" are in bold.)
[Link] [Link]
Juan va a esquiar Nosotros vamos a escalar montañas.
"Alpine" by Adnan Syed, Pixabay is licensed under "Mountain climbing" by deMysticWay, Pixabay is licensed under
This page titled 3.1.2: El verbo "ir" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.2: El verbo "ir" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "ir"
The verb "ir"
Now that you have reviewed the information about the verb "ir", complete the following activities.
Actividades
Fill in the blanks with the verb conjugation of IR (to go) to match with its
corresponding subject/pronoun.
1. Yo
2. Tú
3. Él
4. Nosotros/as
5. Vosotros/as
6. Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
7. Tú y yo
8. Luis, Carlos y Diana
9. Elena y tú
10. Rita
Check
Fill in the blanks with the phrase "to the" in Spanish (al, a la, a los, a las) to
complete the statements with verb IR (to go)
7. Mis parientes y mi familia van parque los domingos para jugar al fútbol.
[Link].1 [Link]
8. Eduardo va mercado para comprar frutas y verduras.
Check
Read the statements with the verb IR (to go). Decide and select the word "al" [a + el
(masculine noun)] or "a" [a + (infinitivo)] to complete each statement.
al
Fill in blank with the verb IR (to go) + a + [infinitve] to express future.
Follow el modelo: (you see) Ana hace su tarea. Mañana ella ________
su tarea también.
(you fill in) Ana hace su tarea. Mañana ella va a
hacer su tarea también.
Check
[Link].2 [Link]
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El verbo "ir" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.2.1: Práctica- El verbo "ir" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].3 [Link]
3.1.3: Los verbos con cambios radicales
Stem-changing verbs
Stem-changing verbs are those verbs with changes only in the stem (root).
Observations
The conjugation endings remain the same as those of regular verbs:
Verbs that end in "-ar" have the following endings when conjugated: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an
Verbs that end in "-er" have the following endings when conjugated: -o, -es,-e, -emos, -éis, -en
Verbs that end in "-ir" have the following endings when conjugated: -o, -es,-e, -imos, -ís, -en
Observations
The change is on the last vowel of the stem. This will help you avoid confusion with stem-changing verbs like "comenzar" and
"encontrar" as the last vowel of the stem for each verb is "e" and "o" respectively. Note that the vowel in bold is the one that
must change. Moreover, the endings that need to change in conjugated versions are in blue.
They are also known as "boot verbs" because this change is only for the subject pronouns "yo, tú, Ud., él, ella, Uds., ellos,
ellas". The subject pronouns "nosotros, vosotros" do not have this stem-change. The conjugations that are shaded in the
following chart show the stem-change. Note that the shaded area looks like a boot.
e → i, verb "pedir"
Singular Conjugations Plural Conjugations
cerrar - to close almorzar - to eat lunch; to have lunch pedir - to ask for something; to request
[Link] [Link]
List of stem-changing verbs: E→IE List of stem-changing verbs: O→UE List of stem-changing verbs: E→I
mentir - to lie encontrar - to find; to meet up with someone *seguir - to follow; to continue
Note that the verbs above, indicate the vowel that must change in bold. Moreover, the endings that need to change in conjugated
versions are in blue.
"Boots" by OpenClipartVectors, Pixabay is licensed under "Snow boots" by Conmongt, Pixabay is licensed under
CC0 1.0 CC0 1.0
This page titled 3.1.3: Los verbos con cambios radicales is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.3: Los verbos con cambios radicales by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos con cambios radicales
Stem-changing verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about stem-changing verbs, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Focus on the stem of the verb and select the correct stem or stem-change of the following
verbs given the subject/pronoun.
1. The stem of the verb empezar (ie) in the “yo” form is:
empiez-
empez-
Fill in the blanks with the stem or the stem change of the verb provided in
parenthesis to complete each sentence.
Check
[Link].1 [Link]
Yo ................................. *cierro* Nosotros ........................... *cerramos*
Tú .................................. *cierras* Vosotros ............................. *cerráis*
Usted/él/ella .............. *cierra* Ustedes/ellos/ellas .............*cierran
original stem:
original stem:
original stem:
[Link].2 [Link]
Tú .................................. Vosotros .............................
Conjugate and fill in the blank with the stem-changing verbs in parenthesis in
the present tense.
Check
1. Yo no (entender) la gramática.
[Link].3 [Link]
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos con cambios radicales is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.3.1: Práctica- Los verbos con cambios radicales by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
3.1.4: Los verbos irregulares en el "yo"
Irregular verbs in the "yo" (form)
Observations
The conjugation is only irregular in the "yo" form.
They are also known as "-go" verbs.
The conjugations in all the other forms remain regular.
hacer - to do poner - to put; to place salir - to leave suponer - to suppose traer - to bring
"Traer" has an additional change in the stem of the "yo" form: add the letter "i" before adding the "g". (It is indicated in bold in the chart above.)
"Poner" can also mean "to turn on" a household appliance.
"Salir de" means to leave "from" a particular place.
"Salir para" means to leave "for" a particular destination.
"Salir con" means to leave "with" something or someone; or to date someone.
"Salir" can also mean to go out.
Examples:
Salgo mucho los fines de semana.
No salgo mucho ahora porque no puedo.
No salimos ahora porque no podemos.
"Oír" has an irregular "yo" form and the spelling change "i→y" in the "tú, usted, él, ella, ustedes, ellos, ellas" forms. The "nosotros" and "vosotros" forms have an accent
mark. Note that all irregularities have been marked in bold:
oigo
oyes
oye
oímos
oís
oyen
"Ver" is only irregular in the "yo" form because you keep the "-e" or the ending. You only drop the letter "-r". There are no accent marks in its conjugations. The irregularity
is marked in bold:
veo
ves
ve
vemos
veis
ven
"Dar" is only irregular in the "yo" form. There are no written accent marks in its conjugations. The irregularity is marked in bold:
doy
das
da
damos
dais
dan
This page titled 3.1.4: Los verbos irregulares en el "yo" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin,
& A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.4: Los verbos irregulares en el "yo" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos irregulares en el "yo"
Verbs with irregular "yo" forms
Now that you have reviewed the information about verbs with irregular "yo" forms, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Conjugate and fill in the blank with the verb (provided in parenthesis) in the
Irregular YO form of the present tense.
Check
Check
[Link].1 [Link]
¿Adónde vas después de tu clase de español?
Check
Check
Conjugate and fill in the blank with the verb (provided in parenthesis) in the
Irregular YO form of the present tense.
Check
Answer the question by filling in the blank with the verb in the YO form. Use the
verb from the question to answer in the present tense.
[Link].2 [Link]
2. ¿Cuándo haces tus tareas?
mi mochila en mi cuarto.
Check
Miguel is having a hard time understanding the irregular YO forms in the present tense.
There are total of 6 mistakes he made on his mini-paragraph.
¡Hola! Me llamo Miguel. Teno 19 años. Eres de California, de los Estados Unidos. Esto
estudiando en la universidad. Tomo cuatro clases este semestre. Asisto a mis clases por
la mañana y trabajo por la tarde. Haces la tarea cuando puedo. Cuando estudio, pone
mis libros en mi escritorio y oye la música. A veces tomo una siesta (I take a nap) porque
estoy muy cansado después de un día largo.
Choose the correct answer for each irregular YO form verb below:
tienes
[Link].3 [Link]
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos irregulares en el "yo" is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.4.1: Práctica- Los verbos irregulares en el "yo" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
3.1.5: El presente progresivo
The present progressive
Observations
It is used only to emphasize an action is in progress at the time of speaking.
There is no indication of beginning or end of the action.
Examples
In the examples below, the present progressive conjugations are in blue.
estoy
estás
caminando
está
+ bebiendo
estamos
escribiendo
estáis
están
[Link] [Link]
To form the present participle, replace the infinitive ending with:
(All verb ending changes are in blue.)
-ar → ando
This page titled 3.1.5: El presente progresivo is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.5: El presente progresivo by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El presente progresivo
The present progressive
Now that you have reviewed the information about the present progressive, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Fill in the blanks with the conjugation of the verb ESTAR in the first blank and
the correct present participle of the verb in parenthesis in the second
blank. Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú ñ.
Modelo: Pedro está bailando (bailar) el tango ahora.
1. Yo (almorzar) en casa.
Check
Choose the equivalent sentence in Spanish that best fit its English equivalent
Check
[Link].1 [Link]
Check
Check
Check
Check
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the present participle in the paragraph.
-AR: + "ando"
-ER/-IR: + "iendo"
Verb stem that ends in vowel and are -ER/-IR verbs: add "yendo" to your stem
[Link].2 [Link]
clase de matemáticas. Ella está (leer) cuidadosamente (carefully) y está
(contestar) cada pregunta en el examen. Mis otros compañeros Samira, Álex,
Pedro y Sebastián están (asistir) su clase de química. Al mediodía, vamos a
reunirnos enfrente de la biblioteca. ¡Vamos a comer! ¿Quieres venir con nosotros? ¿Qué
estás (hacer) ahora?
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El presente progresivo is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.5.1: Práctica- El presente progresivo by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].3 [Link]
3.1.6: Por y para
"Por" and "para"
"Por" and "para" might be both translated to the word "for" in English, but they are not used interchangeably in Spanish. Let’s look
at the uses of "por" and "para" indicated in bold.
Por Para
This page titled 3.1.6: Por y para is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.2: Por y para by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Por y para
"Por" and "para"
Now that you have reviewed the differences of "por" and "para", complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Por y para is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.2.1: Práctica- Por y para by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Por y para
"Por" and "para"
Now that you have reviewed the differences of "por" and "para", complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Por y para is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
9.2.2: Práctica- Por y para by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
3.1.7: Lectura- Reportaje de Sebastián
Reportaje de Sebastián
Sebastián is a student of journalism. He is recording a report on the activities students in his community college do during their free
time. As you read, think about your community college and the activities that students commonly do in your city. Do students in
your community college do similar activities as the ones interviewed by Sebastián?
Lectura
¡Buenos días! Mi nombre es Sebastián Ponce y soy estudiante de comunicación. Tengo veinte años y soy puertorriqueño. De lunes
a viernes asisto a mis clases por la mañana, después voy a mi casa para estudiar y hacer la tarea. Cuando tengo tiempo, juego
videojuegos por la tarde y veo la televisión antes de dormir. Los fines de semana son muy diferentes, todo es diversión. Me gusta
pasear con mis amigos, jugar un partido de fútbol, ir al cine a ver películas y muchas actividades más.
Vamos a ver que les gusta hacer a otros estudiantes.
Sebastián: Hola, ¿cómo te llamas?
Keiko: Hola, me llamo Keiko Ito.
Sebastián: ¿De dónde eres, Keiko?
Keiko: Soy de Osaka, Japón.
Sebastián: ¡Qué interesante! Dime (tell me), ¿qué haces en tu tiempo libre?
Keiko: En mi tiempo libre yo visito monumentos y museos, paseo por el centro y la plaza, y veo películas y documentales en la
televisión.
Sebastián: Gracias, Keiko. Hasta luego.
Keiko: Adiós.
Aquí viene otro estudiante, vamos a ver cuáles son sus pasatiempos favoritos.
Sebastián: Hola. Soy Sebastián, estudiante de periodismo, y tú, ¿cómo te llamas?
Omar: Hola, me llamo Omar.
Sebastián: Mucho gusto, Omar. Necesito investigar sobre las actividades favoritas de los estudiantes. Dime, ¿cuáles son tus
pasatiempos favoritos?
Omar: A mí me gusta nadar en la piscina y andar en bicicleta en mi tiempo libre. Por las tardes, generalmente voy a un café para
conversar con mis amigos.
Sebastián: Gracias, Omar. Que tengas un buen día.
Omar: Gracias. Nos vemos.
Ahora voy a entrevistar a esta chica.
Sebastián: Hola, ¿cómo estás?
Lucía: Hola, estoy bien, ¿y tú?
Sebastián: Estoy muy bien, gracias. ¿Puedo hacer unas preguntas?
Lucía: Sí, dime.
Sebastián: ¿Cómo te llamas?
Lucía: Me llamo Lucía.
Sebastián: Lucía, ¿qué te gusta hacer en tu tiempo libre?
Lucía: En mi tiempo libre generalmente practico deportes. Todas las mañanas practico el ciclismo antes de mis clases. Por las
tardes, después de terminar mi tarea, juego baloncesto con mis amigos del colegio comunitario. Los fines de semana practico con
[Link] [Link]
mi equipo de hockey y a veces voy a jugar golf. Durante las vacaciones de invierno me gusta ir a las montañas a escalar o a esquiar.
En el verano, voy a la playa a nadar o bucear. Siempre estoy ocupada.
Sebastián: Muchas gracias, Lucía.
Lucía: Hasta la vista.
Sebastián: Adiós.
Así terminamos este reportaje sobre los pasatiempos de los estudiantes del colegio comunitario. ¡Hasta la próxima!
Now that your have read Sebastián's report, complete the following activities based on the information you read.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark the following statements as "cierto" (true) or "falso" (false).
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
[Link] [Link]
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Check
This page titled 3.1.7: Lectura- Reportaje de Sebastián is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.6: Lectura- Reportaje de Sebastián by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
3.1.8: Video- Las vacaciones
Las vacaciones
Professor López and his students are talking about their plans for their next vacation. Some plan to travel to many interesting places
of different Spanish speaking countries. Pay attention to the places they mention. Have you heard of these places? Have you visited
any of these places? Do you know anyone from these places? ( Video Transcript)
Figure [Link].7.2 : Las vacaciones. (CC BY-NC 4.0; Karla Gutiérrez via YouTube)
Now, complete the activities below. Base your answers in the video.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each statement as "cierto" (true) or "falso" (false).
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
[Link] [Link]
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Cierto Falso
Check
Fill in the blanks with the activities each of the students would like to do during
their trip.
[Link] [Link]
Los cuatro amigos van a al Caminito del Barrio La Boca para la
música y aprender a .
This page titled 3.1.8: Video- Las vacaciones is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.7: Video- Las vacaciones by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
3.1.9: Ecuador
Ecuador
Map
El Ecuador
Datos Importantes
La capital: Quito
El clima: Ecuador tiene un clima muy variado por su vecindad con el océano pacífico y la
cadena montañosa de los Andes que atraviesan Ecuador. Ecuador también ocupa parte
[Link] [Link]
de la Amazonía (Amazon basin). La variedad del clima y el paisaje invita a muchos
turistas a visitar este hermoso país.
Hay varios científicos muy importantes que estudiaban (studied) la diversidad de especies
y situación geográfica de Ecuador. Alexander Von Humboldt es famoso por los estudios
de la moderna geografía y ecología y Charles Darwin quien es famoso por libro El Origen
de Las Especies The origin of the species.
Por Ecuador pasa La Línea Ecuatorial que divide a nuestro planeta en el hemisferio norte
y el hemisferio sur. Este país se llama Ecuador por su ubicación geográfica.
Entre las atracciones turísticas más populares están las famosas Islas Galápagos, que es
patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage). En estas islas
Charles Darwin se inspira para escribir su teoría de la evolución y de la selección natural.
Las Islas Galápagos es un archipiélago y están situadas en el océano pacífico. Estas
Islas son el hábitat de muchas especies únicas como las tortugas gigantes, aves exóticas,
variedad de iguanas y una gran diversidad de peces. Los turistas van a las islas a pasear,
visitar la estación científica Charles Darwin y a observar la variedad de animales y
plantas. Los turistas también pueden hacer excursiones y tomar visitas guiadas (tours) de
las islas donde pueden observar la flora y fauna y tomar fotografías. Los visitantes
también toman visitas guiadas en el mar para nadar o practicar el buceo (snorkeling or
diving). ¡Si tú visitas las islas puedes nadar con delfines, tortugas de mar y tiburones!
Las montañas son otro destino turístico muy popular en Ecuador. Hay montañas muy
altas que son ideales para practicar el alpinismo, escalar montañas y acampar. Mucha
gente también monta bicicleta y monta a caballo (horse riding) en los Andes. En las
montañas encuentras volcanes y lagos muy altos. Los volcanes más conocidos son el
Chimborazo, el Pichincha y por supuesto, el famoso volcán Cotopaxi. ¡Las vistas en los
Andes son espectaculares!
[Link] [Link]
"Ec-map", by David Legrand, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
Reading Comprehension.
After the reading about Ecuador, fill in the blank with missing key words to
complete the answer.
[Link] [Link]
1. ¿Cómo se llama el volcán activo más alto del mundo?
El clima de Ecuador es .
Ecuador está en
7. ¿Quiénes son los dos científicos famosos que visitan y estudian en Ecuador?
Check
[Link] [Link]
. (in the order mentioned in the reading)
Check
First review the word bank at the bottom of the paragraph, then read the infromation, and
complete the activities.
Un grupo de turistas sale en avión desde Quito a San Cristóbal, una de las islas
Galápagos. Las islas Galápagos tiene dos aeropuertos. El chofer del taxi que lleva a los
turistas dice que San Cristóbal es una isla de paz, porque allí todos pueden estar
tranquilos, las personas en San Cristóbal son muy hospitalarias dan la mano cuando se
necesita. Al día siguiente, el grupo de turistas se levanta a las 7 de la mañana para ir a
ver el itinerario y empezar con la isla Española que está a solo dos horas de allí. Ellos van
a pasar todo el día haciendo snorkel y viendo las exóticas aves de la isla. La isla
Española es la más antigua de las islas Galápagos. En la isla Española están 55% de
todas las aves de todas las islas. En esta isla hay una diversidad de especies increíble y
en el mar se puede practicar snorkel y ver muy de cerca los lobos marinos que son muy
juguetones. Al siguiente día, los turistas tienen un día de pesca deportiva. Ellos también
dan un paseo alrededor de la isla. Ellos también van a visitar muchos lugares muy
interesantes como León Dormido, un lugar favorito para bucear y observar a las tortugas
verdes y otros animales marinos. Las islas Galápagos tiene una de las reservas marinas
más importantes del planeta. Al día siguiente, los turistas desayunan muy bien para tener
energía durante todo el día. Luego, visitan un centro de crianza de tortugas terrestres. En
este centro se crían tortugas gigantes. Las tortugas comen Otoe, planta que crece
naturalmente y que los voluntarios y guardaparques traen de diferentes fincas. Las
tortugas pueden vivir más de 100 años. El guía turístico les da tres consejos a los turistas
para tener una larga vida, como las tortugas, primero, levantarse a las 5 de la mañana
todos los días. Las tortugas se levantan a las cinco de la mañana para ir a buscar comida
y después, están bajo el sol por un rato para regular su temperatura corporal. Finalmente,
a las seis de la tarde regresan a su lugar favorito para descansar. El segundo consejo
para los turistas es comer muchos vegetales y el tercer consejo consejo es caminar más
de 2 kilómetros todos los días. Más tarde, el grupo de turistas va a pasear en bicicleta
[Link] [Link]
por una ciclovía para llegar al Junco que es un volcán que tiene una altura de 650 metros.
La isla San Cristóbal es la única isla que tiene agua dulce. Al final del día, los turistas van
a hacer paddle en el puerto de San Cristóbal y disfrutar de la puesta de sol. Finalmente,
los turistas compran recuerdos (souvenirs) como un lindo lobo marino de peluche (stuffed
animal) para sus amigos y familias.
Information based on video “Galápagos, Ecuador San Cristóbal Bucketlist Episodio 3"
Word Bank
aeropuerto = airport
paz = peace
allí = there
hospitalario = hospitable
ave=bird
mar= ocean
juguetón= playful
bucear= diving
tortugas= turtles
finca= farm
[Link] [Link]
consejo= tip
levantarse= get up
el puerto= port
recuerdos = souvenirs
1. Las tortugas son muy viejas en las Islas Galápagos pueden tener hasta:
100 años
90 años
50 años
400 años
Check
vegetales
insectos
frutas
pescado
Check
[Link] [Link]
La Florida
La española
El Junco
San Cristóbal
Check
jaguares
tortugas marinas
iguanas
pájaros
Check
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[Link] [Link]
4.8: Ecuador by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
SECTION OVERVIEW
3.2.9: Argentina
This page titled 3.2: Capítulo 5- De Compras is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
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3.2.1 [Link]
3.2.1: Vocabulario 5- De compras
De compras
Vocabulario
In the video below, you will find the vocabulary from this chapter. Watch the video and repeat the vocabulary after each slide.
Download the vocabulary list.
Figure 5.1.1Video.5.1.1: Capítulo 5: De compras. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Ejemplo
In the video below, you will see Álex help Samira at the clothing store where he works. Pay attention to how they ask each other
questions related to shopping.
[Link] [Link]
Figure 5.1.2Video.5.1.2: Una conversación: ¿Cuál es el precio de este vestido?. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Actividades
Complete the activity below based on the previous video.
Now complete the following activities based on the vocabulary list.
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Select the word that does not belong to the vocabulary group.
1. abrigo / chaqueta / camisa / vendedor
abrigo
chaqueta
vendedor
camisa
Check
precio
sombrero
caja
dinero
Check
empleado
barato
tienda
cliente
Check
[Link] [Link]
4. caro / almacén / elegante / nuevo
almacén
caro
nuevo
elegante
Check
rosa
morado
verde
rico
Check
Fill in the blank with the appropriate English equivalents of the following nouns.
store skirt
raincoat wallet
gift pants
money salesperson
[Link] falda:
[Link] [Link]
[Link] cartera:
[Link] pantalones :
[Link] suéter:
[Link] tienda:
[Link] dinero:
[Link] regalo:
[Link] vendedora:
[Link] impermeable:
Check
Reuse Embed
Drag to arrange the images in the correct sequence. In order to read the whole
description, click on each image. Alternative activity: Look at the pictures, read
the captions, write them in a chronological order, and submit them to your
instructor.
[Link] [Link]
El vendedor le ofrece… Raúl llega a la tienda. El vendedor no acept…
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[Link] [Link]
3.2.2: Ser y estar
Verbs "ser" and "estar"
Review
As you have learned in 1.4.0 and 2.5.0, Spanish has two verbs that translate as "to be" and they are not interchangeable. You also learned several acronyms
for the use of each verb to help you remember their usage. Go over the acronyms again:
Ser Estar
Uses of "ser"
Identity: María y Gisela son hermanas.
Origin and nationality: Soy de Bolivia. Soy boliviano.
Occupation/Profession: Helga y Fabiana son estudiantes.
Characteristics of people and places (if describing fundamental qualities/personality): Los chicos son bajos y son un poco gordos. Son simpáticos.
Possession: Fido es su perro. Es mi diccionario.
Time of day and dates: Son las cuatro de la tarde. Hoy es lunes.
Intentions: Este consejo es para ustedes.
Impersonal statements (general): Es importante comer fruta.
Substance (what something is made of): La mesa es de madera.
Mathematical equations: tres más tres son seis.
Location of events: Las consultas son en el hospital.
Uses of "estar"
Position of people, places, things: El libro está en mi mochila. Diego está entre Susana y Ariel.
Location of people, places, things* (*not events): Estamos en la casa de Juan. La universidad está en el centro.
Condition: Physical (think "state of being"): Estáis muy guapos hoy. Paco está enfermo.
Emotions (think "transitory" condition): Estamos tristes ahora.
Actions in progress (present progressive): Pedro está hablando con Ana por teléfono.
Weather expressions: Está nublado hoy.
Ser Estar
[Link] [Link]
Ser Estar
¡Ojo! When the adjectives "seguro, segura" are used with objects and the verb "ser", the meaning changes "to be safe": El elevador es seguro.
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Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
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[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Ser y estar
Verbs "ser" and "estar"
Now that you have reviewed the information about "ser" and "estar", complete the following activities.
Actividades
Review the uses of Estar (below) and write the letter "a,", "b", or "c" in the blank
space provided that correspond to the use of ESTAR used in each sentence.
Uses of Estar
a. location
b. physical condition or emotional state
c. action in progress (present progressive)
Check
Now let's review the uses of SER (below) and write the letter (a, b, c, d, e or
f) in the blank space provided that correspond to the use of SER used in each
sentence.
Uses of SER
[Link].1 [Link]
1. Nosotros somos de los Estados Unidos.
2. Carlos es dentista.
3. Son las ocho de la mañana.
4. El diccionario es del profesor.
5. Tú eres simpática y bonita.
6. Harumi es la hermana de Keiko.
7. Marcos es mi hermano mayor y Miguel es mi hermano menor.
8. Hoy es martes, el 4 de diciembre.
9. Lucía es española.
10. Regina y Claudia son profesoras.
Check
Read the statements given in Spanish, decide which verb should be used in Spanish by
selecting "ser" or "estar".
ser
estar
Fill in the blanks with the conjugated verbs of ser or estar to match with the
pronoun/subject of the sentence. Note: It is important to add written accent on
all, except on “yo” and “nosotros” for the verb ESTAR.
[Link].2 [Link]
5. Matilde (ser o estar) enferma. No va a venir al trabajo.
10. Amalia y Cristina (ser o estar) unas chicas bonitas, inteligentes y altas.
Check
Now go one further step. Select the statement in Spanish that best correponds to the
English sentence.
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Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
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[Link].3 [Link]
3.2.3: Los objetos directos y los pronombres de los objetos directos
Direct object nouns and direct object pronouns
Direct object nouns
In a sentence, the "direct object noun" is what/whom the verb affects "directly". A direct object can be "people, animals, things,
ideas, or events".
The photos below show that: A sentence in Spanish usually begins with a subject pronoun, followed by a verb. If there is a direct
object in the sentence, it usually follows the verb. To identify a direct object in a sentence, answer the question "verb (affecting)
what?" (left photo) or "verb (affecting) whom?" (right photo). In Spanish, if the direct object noun is a person or a pet, it is
preceded by the word "a" which is called the "personal a"; there is no English equivalent for this construction.
Singular Plural
me = me nos = us
te = you os = you
English: Spanish:
As shown in the chart, the direct object pronoun (DOP) marked in blue, is placed before the conjugated verb (but after the subject
pronoun). If the sentence is negative, the negative word "no" precedes the DOP:
Subject Pronoun + DOP + Verb
Yo (no) lo estudio. [lo = español]
Yo (no) los escucho. [los = los chicos]
When the infinitive or present participle is used, there are two options for direct object pronoun placement: before the conjugated
verb, or attached to the infinitive or present participle. When a pronoun is attached to a present participle, an accent mark is added.
Note that the direct object pronoun and the explanation of the direct object being replaced is marked in blue in the chart.
Subject Pronoun + DOP + Verb in the infinitive OR Subject Pronoun + Verb in the infinitve+DOP
[Link] [Link]
Subject Pronoun + DOP + Verb in the infinitive OR Subject Pronoun + Verb in the infinitve+DOP
Subject Pronoun + DOP + Verb in the present Subject Pronoun + Verb in the present
OR
progressive progressive+DOP
¡A Practicar juntos!
¡A Escoger! Select and Mark the direct object noun in each statement. (Note: if
there is an article with the direct object noun, include the article along with the
DO (direct Object).
Check
Fill in the blanks with a direct object pronoun and the conjugated verb provided.
Remember the importance of word order! Do not use capitalization and
punctuation, as it will confuse the system.
[Link] [Link]
You rewrite: Where do you place the DOP in the sentence?
You fill in the blank: Tú la preparas
Rewrite 1 (DOP before V1): Tú en esta tienda. (You want to buy them at/in
this store.)
Rewrite 2 (DOP attached to V2): Tú en esta tienda. (You want to buy them
at/in this store.)
[Link] [Link]
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remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los objetos directos y los pronombres de los objetos directos
Direct object nouns and direct object pronouns
Actividades
Fill in the blanks with its corresponding direct object pronouns in Spainsh in the
blank spaces provided.
us
you (informal, plural, used in Spain)
them (masc./masc.& fem.) , you (plural, masc./masc.& fem.)
them (fem.) , you (plural, fem.)
Check
1. Tú escuchas música.
escuchas
música
Now that you have identified the Direct Object (noun), fill in the blank with its
corresponding Direct Object Pronoun (DOP) in the blank spaces provided.
[Link].1 [Link]
3. Yo traigo “bebidas” a la fiesta. DOP -
Check
Rewrite each sentence with the correct placement of the direct object pronoun
and the verb(s). Note: there are two ways to write statements #4-#7, you will
write both).
1. Tú escuchas música.
Tú .
[Link].2 [Link]
Ustedes en la universidad.
Check
Check
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[Link].3 [Link]
3.2.4: Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de los objetos indirectos
Indirect object nouns and indirect object pronouns
Indirect object nouns
In a sentence, an "indirect object noun" is the "receiver" of an action. It answers the question "to whom or for whom" the action is
done. In the example shown in the photo below, the indirect object answers this question: ¿A quién le compra David unos boletos?
(To whom does David buy tickets?), which is "a mí". The indirect object pronoun is marked in blue and bold in the photo.
Singular Plural
le = (to, for) you (formal); him; her les = you all (formal); them
Since "le" and "les" have multiple meanings, "a" + [noun] or "a" + [pronoun] is often used to clarify to whom the indirect object
pronouns refer. The clarifiers are marked in blue in the charts below and the IOP equivalent to the clarifiers are marked in blue
and bold. Note that the direct object noun is underlined.
a ti te a vosotros; a vosotras os
a él le a ellos les
Unclear Clearer
[Link] [Link]
noun is underlined.
Te compro un abrigo. = I buy you a coat.
No te compro nada. = I don't buy you anything.
When the infinitive or present participle is used, there are two options for indirect object pronoun placement: before the
conjugated verb, or attached to the infinitive or present participle. When a pronoun is attached to a present participle, an accent
mark is added. Note: The IOP is marked in blue and bold, the indirect object noun is marked in blue, and the direct object noun
is underlined.
¿Vas a comprarle un regalo a Carla? OR ¿Le vas a comprar un regalo a Carla? = Are you going to buy a gift for Carla?
Estoy mostrándoles las fotos a ellos. OR ¿Les estoy mostrando las fotos a ellos. = I am showing the photos to them.
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Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de los objetos indirectos
Indirect object nouns and indirect object pronouns
Actividades
Fill in the blanks with the indirect object pronouns to its corresponding English
equivalent.
to/for us
to/for you (informal, plural)
to/for them/you (masc./masc.& fem.)
to/for them/you (fem.)
Check
Select the indirect object pronoun that corresponds to its indirect object noun in each
statement.
te
me
nos
Fill in the missing blank with the indirect object pronoun that corresponds to the
indirect object noun in each statement.
[Link].1 [Link]
1. Los estudiantes entregan sus tareas al profesor.
Check
Fill in the blank by replacing the indirect object noun to its corresponding
indirect object pronoun for Option 1.
Check
Fill in the blank by replacing the indirect object noun to its corresponding
[Link].2 [Link]
Fill in the blank by replacing the indirect object noun to its corresponding
indirect object pronoun (IOP). For "i", write the IOP in the blank spaces, and for
"ii" write the infinitive or the present participle with IOP attached to it.
Copy and paste these special characters as needed: á é í ó ú
Option 2: (i) provide IOP or (ii) attached IOP to the infinitive/present participle
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Initiative) .
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& A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].3 [Link]
3.2.5: Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns are used to point out the proximity of a noun in relation to the speaker.
Demonstrative adjectives
A "demonstrative adjective" is a word used with a noun in a sentence to point out its proximity in relation to the speaker. Since
nouns in Spanish have gender and number, "demonstrative adjectives" will also have gender and number to "agree with the noun".
Observe the following that shows the perspective of the speaker in relation to the proximity of the object:
Aquí - here: (closest to speaker) Allí - there: (further from Allá - over there: (furthest from
SPEAKER →
→ speaker) → speaker)
Singular, masculine este libro - this book ese libro - that book aquel libro - that book over there
Singular, femenine esta silla- this chair esa silla - that chair aquella silla - that book over there
Demonstrative pronouns
A "demonstrative pronoun" is the word that "replaces the noun" once it is known. They are the same in Spanish as the
demonstrative adjectives. Observe the following chart that shows the perspective of the speaker in relation to the proximity of the
object:
Aquí - here: (closest to speaker) Allí - there: (further from Allá - over there: (furthest from
SPEAKER →
→ speaker) → speaker)
Singular, masculine este - this one ese - that one aquel - that one over there
Singular, femenine esta - this one esa - that one aquella - that one over there
Plural, masculine estos - these ones esos - those ones aquellos - those ones over there
Plural, femenine estas - these ones esas - those ones aquellas - those ones over there
Aquí - here: (closest to speaker) Allí - there: (further from Allá - over there: (furthest from
SPEAKER →
→ speaker) → speaker)
Neutral esto: ¡Esto es muy interesante! eso: ¡Me gusta eso! aquello: ¿Qué es aquello?
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NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
Now that you have reviewed the information about demonstrative adjectives, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Lucía is showing four items in her walk-in closet to us. These items are belts,
shirts, shoes and boots.
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the Spanish demonstrative adjectives to
match (in gender and number) to the item that Lucía is showing us. Note: use
the color of these items to help you decide which demonstrative adjective to use
and click on the picture/photo to enlarge.
1. cinturón rojo.
2. camisa roja.
3. zapatos rojos.
4. botas marrones.
Second set (items are not as close nor as far, that or those)
5. cinturón marrón.
6. camisa marrón.
7. zapatos marrones.
8. botas azules.
[Link].1 [Link]
Third set (items far away from Lucía, that over there or those over there)
9. cinturón azul.
Check
Fill in the blank with the Spanish demonstrative adjective that matches in
gender and number to its corresponding noun.
This/These
1. vestido
2. camisetas
3. bufanda
4. pantalones
That/Those
5. guantes
6. sandalias
7. traje
8. tienda
9. medias
10. calcetines
11. falda
12. suéter.
[Link].2 [Link]
Check
1. Anita no quiere comprar estos vestidos. Ella quiere comprar . (those ones)
5. A ustedes no les gusta aquel traje, pero van a comprar . (that one)
Fill in the blank with the demonstrative adjectives or pronouns to complete the
conversation between Keiko and Mariela.
K= Keiko M= Mariela
K: Oye, Mariela, ¿Qué piensas comprarle a tu papá para el Día del Padre?
[Link].3 [Link]
bonita y es su color favorito.
Check
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licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
3.2.6: El pretérito de los verbos regulares
Preterite tense of regular verbs
To talk about events in the past, Spanish uses two simple tenses: the preterite and the imperfect. We will start with the preterite
tense.
Uses
To talk about actions or states completed in the past
To express the beginning or the end of a past action
To narrate a series of past completed actions
To express an action that had a specific duration
Subject Pronoun: -AR ending verb: Hablar -ER, -IR ending verbs: Comer, Escribir
A written accent is needed on the last syllable of the conjugation of "yo" and "Ud., él, ella" form.
The preterite endings for regular "-er" and "-ir" verbs are identical.
The "nosotros" forms of regular "-ar" and "-ir" verbs in the preterite are identical to the present tense form. Context will help
you determine which tense is being used.
Ejemplos:
En invierno "compramos" suéteres. (In the winter we buy sweaters.)
Anoche "compramos" unas sandalias. (Last night we bought some sandals.)
"Escribimos" poemas en clase. (We write poems in clase.)
Ya "escribimos" dos veces al presidente. (We already wrote to the president twice.)
"-ar" and "-er" ending verbs that have a stem change in the present tense do not have a stem change in the preterite.
[Link] [Link]
Subject Pronoun -CAR: Sacar -GAR: Pagar -ZAR: Abrazar
anteayer the day before yesterday pasado, pasada last; past (adjective)
ayer yesterday una vez; dos veces once; twice (two times)
Useful phrases
Spanish English
¿Qué hizo él? ¿Qué hizo ella? What did he do? What did she do?
¿Que hicieron ellos? ¿Qué hicieron ellas? What did they do?
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[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares
Preterite tense of regular verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about the preterite, complete the following activities.
Actividades
First, fill in the blank with the conjugation of -AR in the Preterite tense.
Then, write the stem of the verb comprar and its conjugation in the Preterit in
the space provided. Watch out for the written accents on the verb conjugation in
"yo" and "él/ella/usted"!
-AR Comprar
Stem:
Yo
Tú
Él/Ella/Usted
Nosotros/Nosotras
Vosotros/Vosotras
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
Check
First, fill in the blank with the conjugation of -ER/-IR in the Preterite tense.
Then, write the stem of the verbs "VENDER" and "SALIR" and their
conjugations in the Preterit paying attention the verb endings that have written
accents.
Copy and paste these special characters if needed: á é í ó ú
Stem: Stem:
[Link].1 [Link]
Yo
Tú
Él/Ella/Usted
Nosotros/Nosotras
Vosotros/Vosotras
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
Check
Choose the correct verb in the Preterite tense that best complete each statement.
viajé
viaje
Fill in the verb in the Preterite tense that best matches with the subject and its
meaning in the statement.
[Link].2 [Link]
3. Yo (trabajar) toda la semana.
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
5.6.1: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].3 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares
Preterite of regular verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about the preterite, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
5.6.2: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos regulares by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
3.2.7: Lectura- Keiko y Mariela
Keiko y Mariela
Keiko and Mariela are planning to go shopping to take advantage of the weekend sales. As you read, pay attention to the different
clothing items they mention and their descriptions. Analyze the sentence structure- article, noun, adjective placement - and gender
and number agreement in all their sentences.
Lectura
A Keiko y a Mariela les gusta mucho ir de compras. Este fin de semana desean ir al centro comercial porque los comerciales de la
televisión dicen que hay muchas rebajas en las tiendas de ropa. Las chicas son muy modernas y no usan dinero en efectivo. Keiko
va a usar su tarjeta de débito y Mariela su tarjeta de crédito. En las tiendas del centro comercial no pueden regatear, por eso buscan
ropa buena, bonita y barata. Ellas son estudiantes y no quieren gastar mucho dinero.
El color favorito de Keiko es el morado y desea buscar unos zapatos de tenis morados. También quiere comprar camisetas de
diferentes colores para ir a la escuela, unos jeans y unas sandalias rosas. Necesita buscar una chaqueta negra y unas botas cafés para
el invierno, pero las chaquetas y las botas son muy caras.
A Mariela le gusta mucho el color rojo. Ella necesita un vestido elegante para la graduación de su hermana Jimena. Mariela desea
un vestido rojo, pero su mamá dice que un vestido negro y largo es más elegante. Su mamá dice que ella debe usar medias, pero a
Mariela no le gustan las medias. Ella piensa buscar una bolsa y unos zapatos rojos para usarlos en la graduación. También le quiere
comprar un regalo a Jimena, pero no sabe que comprarle. A Jimena le gustan mucho los accesorios y sus colores favoritos son el
verde y el amarillo. Mariela puede comprarle unos lentes amarillos o un cinturón verde… no sabe que hacer.
Now, complete the activities below based on the information in the reading.
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each sentence as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
This page titled 3.2.7: Lectura- Keiko y Mariela is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
5.7: Lectura- Keiko y Mariela by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
3.2.8: Video- De compras con Keiko y Mariela
De compras con Keiko y Mariela
After you read about Keiko and Mariela's plans to go shopping, watch the video to find out the things they ended up buying. Did
they buy all the things they wanted? Did they buy things they did not originally planned to buy? ( Video Transcript)
Figure [Link].7.2 : De compras con Keiko y Mariela. (CC BY-NC 4.0; Karla Gutiérrez via YouTube)
Actividades
As you complete the activities below, copy and paste the following special characters as needed: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Mark each sentence as "Cierto" (True) or "Falso" (False).
This page titled 3.2.8: Video- De compras con Keiko y Mariela is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated
by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
5.8: Video- De compras con Keiko y Mariela by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
3.2.9: Argentina
Argentina
Map
“Location Argentina”, by Rei-artur, CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
General information
La capital: Buenos Aires
La ubicación: Sudamérica
La moneda: el peso
Ciudades importantes: Córdoba, Rosario, La Plata
La economía: La agricultura, la ganadería, industria de procesamiento de alimentos, industria de electrónica y electrodomésticos.
El clima: cálido, templado y frío.
[Link] [Link]
“Ar-map-es”, by Poroa, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC0 1.0
Interesting facts
Las Cataratas del Iguazú. Es considerado una de las 7 maravillas naturales del mundo. Son unas cataratas impresionantes que se
encuentran entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay. Tiene 275 caídas de agua. Dos tercios de las cataratas están en el lado argentino.
Muchos turistas llegan hasta el Parque Nacional Iguazú para apreciar estas maravillosas cataratas que tienen hasta 85 metros de
altura. En el parque también puedes ver mucha vegetación tropical y animales muy exóticos.
La Patagonia. Es un área localizada en Sudamérica muy cerca al Polo Sur. El clima en esta zona es muy frío. Esta zona pertenece
a Argentina y a Chile. La Cordillera de los Andes divide la Patagonia de Argentina y la de Chile. Esta zona es muy hermosa por sus
altas montañas, ríos y lagos. El Glaciar Perito Moreno. Es un impresionante glaciar que se encuentra en el Parque Nacional Los
Glaciares en la región de la Patagonia. Muchos turistas llegan hasta aquí para apreciar esta maravilla de la naturaleza.
El Aconcagua. Esta montaña es la más alta del continente americano y del hemisferio occidental. forma parte de la cordillera de
los Andes. La montaña mide 2,837 ft. de altura. Gente de todas partes del mundo llegan hasta la cordillera de los Andes en
Argentina para subir el Aconcagua. La altura y el frío son dos grandes desafíos para escalar esta montaña tan alta.
El tango. El tango es una danza muy romántica y apasionada que nació en Argentina. Este baile no fue muy popular entre las altas
clases sociales su inicio por ser considerada vulgar, pero al ver que muchas personas en muchos otros países lo bailaban, los
argentinos empezaron a practicarlo en todos los niveles sociales hasta hoy en día. Este baile ahora es emblemático de Argentina.
Las parejas bailan muy unidas y sincronizadamente. El hombre dirige los movimientos y la mujer sigue al hombre en cada
movimiento muy de cerca.
El mate. Es una bebida hecha de la infusión de hojas de yerba mate. El mate contiene cafeína y es la bebida nacional de Argentina.
El Mate no es sólo popular en Argentina, sino que otros países sudamericanos como Uruguay y Paraguay también la beben.
Muchos amigos y familiares se reúnen para conversar y tomar la bebida juntos. El mate se toma de unos recipientes de calabaza
(calabash gourd) y una bombilla (metal straw) de metal. Esta costumbre es muy antigua, proviene de los indígenas Guaraná que
son los habitantes precolombinos de esta zona.
[Link] [Link]
Actividades
Las Cataratas de Iguazú
Watch the video below (or read its summary) to answer the questions below.
Video 5.8.0: Cómo visitar las Cataratas de Iguazú? (La Bitácora de Carlos y Eli via YouTube)
Actividades
This page titled 3.2.9: Argentina is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K
Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
5.9: Argentina by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
4: Capítulo 6 y 7
4.1: Capítulo 6- La rutina diaria
4.1.1: Vocabulario 6- La rutina diaria
4.1.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
[Link]: Práctica- Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
4.1.3: Pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos
[Link]: Práctica- Los pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos
4.1.4: Los verbos reflexivos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos
4.1.5: Los verbos recíprocos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos
4.1.6: Los verbos similares a "gustar"
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos similares a "gustar"
4.1.7: Palabras indefinidas y negativas
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras indefinidas y negativas
4.1.8: Lectura- El diario de Samira
4.1.9: Video - ¡Un buen día!
4.1.10: México
4.2: Capítulo 7- La comida y las fiestas
4.2.1: Vocabulario 7- La comida y las fiestas
4.2.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 2
[Link]: Práctica- Pretéritos irregulares, parte 2
4.2.3: Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir
[Link]: Práctica- Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir
4.2.4: Verbos que cambian de significado en el pretérito
[Link]: Práctica- Verbos que cambian de significado en el pretérito
4.2.5: "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental
[Link]: Práctica- "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental
4.2.6: Lectura- La quinceañera de Mariela
4.2.7: Video- En el supermercado
4.2.8: Perú
4: Capítulo 6 y 7 is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
1
SECTION OVERVIEW
4.1.10: México
This page titled 4.1: Capítulo 6- La rutina diaria is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De
Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
4.1.1 [Link]
4.1.1: Vocabulario 6- La rutina diaria
La rutina diaria
Vocabulario
En el siguiente video vas a encontrar la lista de vocabulario de este capítulo. Mira el video y repite el vocabulario después de cada
diapositiva (slide). Descarga (download) la lista del vocabulario.
Figure 6.1.1Video.6.1.1: Capítulo 6: La rutina diaria. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Ejemplo
En el siguiente video vas a ver a Mariela y a Samira hablando sobre la rutina diaria. Presta atención a las preguntas que hacen
relacionadas con su rutina diara.
[Link] [Link]
Figure 6.1.2Video.6.1.2: Una conversación: ¿Cuál es tu rutina diaria?. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Actividades
Completa la siguiente actividad basada en el video anterior.
Ahora completa las siguientes actividades basadas en la lista del vocabuario.
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Selecciona la palabra que no pertenece a la lista del vocabulario.
1. baño / pensar / espejo / lavabo
pensar
baño
espejo
lavabo
Check
ninguno
inodoro
nada
nadie
Check
peinarse
secarse
bañarse
champú
Check
[Link] [Link]
4. interesar / molestar / fascinar / encantar
fascinar
encantar
molestar
interesar
Check
noche
tarde
mañana
siempre
Check
Completa los espacios en blanco para emparejar los sustantivos siguientes con
sus equivalentes en inglés.
shower bathroom
shampoo alarm clock
mirror slippers
sink toothpaste
[Link] ducha:
[Link] [Link]
[Link] lavabo:
[Link] espejo:
[Link] baño:
7. El champú:
8. El jabón:
9. E despertador:
[Link] pantunflas:
Check
Organiza las imágenes en la secuencia correcta. Para leer la descripción
completa, haz clic en cada imagen. Actividad alternativa: Observa las
imágenes, lee las descripciones, escríbelas en orden cronológico y
entrégaselas a tu profesor.
[Link] [Link]
Me voy a trabajar. Me despierto a las 7:… Me maquillo
Me seco el pelo.
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Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.1: Vocabulario 6- La rutina diaria by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
4.1.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
Irregular preterites, part 1
The preterite tense is the most difficult tense to learn in terms of conjugation. First review what you learned in 5.6.0.
Now we will continue with the conjugations of some irregular verbs in preterite tense.
e → ie e→i o → ue o→u
preferir preferir dormir dormir
prefiero preferimos preferí preferimos duermo dormimos dormí dormimos
prefieres preferís preferiste preferisteis duermes dormís dorrmiste dormisteis
prefiere prefieren prefirió prefirieron duerme duermen durmió durmieron
Spanish English
[Link] [Link]
Spanish English
advertir to warn
convertir to convert
convertirse en to become
medir to measure
mentir to lie
preferir to prefer
repetir to repeat
sentirse to feel
servir to serve
Spanish English
dormir to sleep
morir to die
Stems that end in a vowel for verbs ending in "-er" and "-ir"
Observe that the stem of "-er" and "-ir" ending verbs of the verbs "leer", "caer", "oír" and "huir" end in a vowel.
A written accent is needed on the "í" for the conjugations of "yo", "tú", "nosotros", and "vosotros".
The vowel "i" of the ending in the conjugations of "usted, él, ella" and "ustedes, ellos, ellas" will change to "y". This is because
the endings for "-er" and "-ir" are "ió" and "ieron" (whereas, verbs ending in "-ar" are just "-o" and "-aron").
Note that in the conjugations above, the endings are in bold and the spelling change is indicated in blue.
This page titled 4.1.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1 is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
[Link] [Link]
6.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1 by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
Irregular preterites, part 1
Now that you have reviewed the information about irregular preterites, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Oír
Yo
Tú oíste
Él
Nosotros oímos
Vosotros oísteis
Ellos
Creer
Yo creí
Tú
Ud.
Nosotros creímos
Vosotros
Ellos
Servir
Yo serví
Tú serviste
Él
Nosotros servimos
Vosotros servisteis
Ellos
[Link].1 [Link]
Repetir
Yo
Tú repetiste
Él
Nosotros
Vosotros repetisteis
Ellos
Check
Lee las oraciones y selecciona si el verbo usado en cada oración está en el tiempo
"presente" o "pretérito". Nota: usa las palabras claves de "tiempo" para ayudarte.
pedir
1. Ayer nosotros pedimos unos tacos al carbón.
1. Pretérito
2. Presente
1. Presente
2. Pretérito
[Link].2 [Link]
(despedirse)
4. ¿Quién el pastel de chocolate? (conseguir)
5. Eliana las palabras del vocabulario tres veces. (repetir)
Check
Escribe y conjuga el verbo "pedir" en el pretérito. ¡Ojo con los acentos escritos!.
Pedir (i)
Stem:
Stem change:
Yo
Tú
Él/Ella/Usted
Nosotros/Nosotras
Vosotros/Vosotras
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
Check
Escribe la vocal correcta para la raíz (stem) del verbo (dado en paréntesis) en
el pretérito.
[Link].3 [Link]
3. Tú s guiste las instrucciones del doctor, pero Carlos y Raúl no las s
guió por eso tenían (they had) que volver a verlo nuevamente. (seguir, i)
5. Vosotros rep tisteis esta clase tres veces pero Carmela rep tió por
sólo una vez. (repetir, i)
Check
conseguí
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1 is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.2.1: Práctica- Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1 by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].4 [Link]
4.1.3: Pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos
Direct and indirect object pronouns
In Chapter 5 you learned about direct and indirect object pronouns and the sentence structure used when only one of these
pronouns appears in a sentence. This time, you learn how to use both direct and indirect object pronouns in one sentence. If you
need to reivew these pronouns, go to Direct Object Pronouns and Indirect Object Pronouns.
Review all the information on double object pronouns by clicking on the arrow next to the "1/5" at the bottom of the slides. There
are 5 slides to review.
This page titled 4.1.3: Pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or
curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.3: Pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC
BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos
Direct and indirect object pronouns
Now that you have reviewed the information about direct and indirect object pronouns, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Escoge la oración que tiene la respuesta correcta reemplazando los objetos directos e
indirectos con sus correspondientes pronombres.
Mariela se lo prepara.
[Link].1 [Link]
5. Mis amigos siguen mandando mensajes de texto a mí.
a. Mis amigos siguen mandando.
b. Mis amigos siguen mandándo . [the pronouns are attached to
the verb “mandando” as one word]
Check
[Link].2 [Link]
Ayúdale (help) a tu compañero, Pedro, a escoger la respuesta correcta que reemplaza
correctamente los objetos directos e indirectos a sus correspondientes pronombres
apropriados.
ya = already
Sí, ya se la compré.
Te lo compré ayer.
[Link].3 [Link]
2. ¿Cuándo le entregaste la tarea al profesor? (anteayer)
Yo entregué anteayer.
Check
Check
Check
[Link].4 [Link]
Mi madre me la dio.
Mi madre te la dio.
Mi madre me lo dio.
Check
Yo se los compré.
Yo te los compré.
Yo se la compré.
Check
Check
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored,
remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.3.1: Práctica- Los pronombres de los objetos directos e indirectos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere
Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].5 [Link]
4.1.4: Los verbos reflexivos
Reflexive verbs
In the examples below, pay special attention to the reflexive pronouns and the conjugation endings noted in blue.
In Spanish, to talk about some of the actions that describe daily routine or personal care (getting up, taking a shower, getting dressed, etc.), we use reflexive verbs. The pronoun "se" (in blue)
attached to an infinitive verb (levantarse, peinarse, despertarse…), indicates that a verb is reflexive.
Conjugation
Reflexive verbs require reflexive pronouns to indicate that the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb (oneself): me, te, se, nos, os, se. The reflexive pronoun and the
conjugation ending must agree. Analyze the conjugations below paying special attention to the reflexive pronouns and conjugation endings in blue.
despertarse (e:ie) vestirse (e:i)
cepillarse (los dientes, el pelo) to brush (one's teeth, hair) ponerse (+adj.) to become (+adj.)
enojarse to get angry secarse (las manos, el pelo) to dry (one's hands, one's hair)
lavarse (las manos, el pelo) to wash (one's hands, hair) sentirse (e:ie) to feel
¡Ojo!: Many of the reflexive verbs can be also used as a non-reflexive verb. The meaning will change. Study the following pairs of sentences and the change in meaning created by the
addition of the reflexive pronouns. In the example below, non-reflexive verbs are indicated in bold, and the reflexive verbs are in bold with the reflexive pronouns and conjugation endings in
blue.
[Link] [Link]
Carlos lava su coche. Carlos se lava las manos.
Carlos washes his car. Carlos washes his hands.
This page titled 4.1.4: Los verbos reflexivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open
Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.4: Los verbos reflexivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos
Reflexive verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about reflexive verbs, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Tiempo Presente
Tiempo Pretérito
Check
[Link].1 [Link]
me
nos
te
1. Durante la semana, Elena a las siete menos diez de la mañana. A las siete
y cuarto, ella a sus hijos. (despertar(se) [ie]).
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.4.1: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].2 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos
Reflexive verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about reflexive verbs, complete the following activities. Pay special attention to the
tense needed in the instructions. Some acativities require the verbs to be conjugated in the present tense and others in the preterite
tense.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.4.2: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
4.1.5: Los verbos recíprocos
Reciprocal verbs
Review all the information on reciprocal verbs by clicking on the arrow next to the "1/2" at the bottom of the slides. There are 2
slides to review.
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[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos
Reciprocal verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about reciprocal verbs, complete the following activities.
Actividades
This page titled [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M.
Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
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[Link].1 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos
Reciprocal verbs
Now that you have reviewed the information about reciprocal verbs, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma correcta del verbo recíproco en el
presente.
Check
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma correcta del verbo recíproco en el
presente.
4) Los abuelos y sus nietos (encontrar) en el parque los sábados por la tarde.
[Link].1 [Link]
Check
Check
[Link].2 [Link]
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Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.5.2: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].3 [Link]
4.1.6: Los verbos similares a "gustar"
Verbs like "gustar"
In section 2.4.0 you learned how to express likes and dislikes using the verb "gustar"(to please). Use "gustar" with infinitive verbs to express what people like or dislike to do. Use "gustar" followed
by a noun for things that people like or dislike.
The indirect object nouns (a + prepositional pronoun/noun) are added to emphasize or clarify who it is pleasing to.
You will only use the verb "gustar" in the 3rd person singular or plural: "gusta" or "gustan". Remember the following formula:
1. IOP+ gusta + subject pronoun that are infinitive verbs (this formula can be used when "gustar" is followed by just one verb or when it is followed by a list of verbs).
2. IOP+ gusta + subject pronoun that is a singular noun.
3. IOP+ gustan + subject pronoun that are plural nouns.
Ejemplos
Review the use of "gusta" (singular form) and "gustan" (plural form) in the examples below.
With verbs:
clarifier IOP verb subject pronoun (verb) clarifier IOP verb subject prono
A mí me gusta estudiar español. A nosotros, a nosotras nos gusta ver la tele.
A ti te gusta ir a las tiendas y comprar ropa. A vosotros, a vosotras os gusta escalar montañas.
A Ud., a él, a ella le gusta nadar y practicar deportes. A Uds., a ellos, a ellas les gusta ir al cine y comer hamb
A Ud., a él, a ella le gusta la hamburguesa. A Uds,, a ellos, a ellas les gusta la ropa cómoda.
A ti te gustan los chocolates de leche. A vosotros, a vosotras os gustan los programas de Friends
A Ud., a él, a ella le gustan los perros y los gatos. A Uds., a ellos, a ellas les gustan las hamburguesas con las
To express dislike, the negative word “no” is placed before the indirect object pronouns. Review the examples paying special attention to the placement of the word "no" in blue.
clarifier no IOP verb subject pronoun clarifier no IOP verb subject pronoun
ir a las tiendas y
A ti no te gusta A nosotros no nos gusta cantar.
comprar ropa.
encantar To like a lot, to love (inanimate objects) encanta, encantan encantó, encantaron
importar To be important to, to matter to, to mind importa, importan importó, importaron
[Link] [Link]
Verb
molestar English
To bother Present
molesta,tense
molestan Preterite tense
molestó, molestaron
quedar
aburrir To bore
have left, to fit (clothing) queda, quedan
aburre, aburren quedó, quedaron
aburrió, aburrieron
encantar To like a lot, to love (inanimate objects) encanta, encantan encantó, encantaron
Ejemplos
faltar To be lacking, to be missing falta, faltan faltó, faltaron
A Keiko le fascinan las matemáticas.
fascinar To fascinate, to like very much
Nos importa llegar a tiempo al trabajo y a la universidad. fascina, fascinan fascinó, fascinaron
Aimportar
los niños les interesan los dulces. To be important to, to matter to, to mind importa, importan importó, importaron
A ti y a mí nos faltó una clase para graduarnos.
interesar To interest, to be interesting to interesa, interesan interesó, interesaron
A Carlos le quedan cinco dólares en su cartera.
A ti te molesta la gente grosera.
molestar To bother molesta, molestan molestó, molestaron
A vosotros os aburrió estar en casa todo el día.
quedar
¡Me encantan las pinturas de Monet! To have left, to fit (clothing) queda, quedan quedó, quedaron
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Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.6: Los verbos similares a "gustar" by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos similares a "gustar"
Verbs like "gustar"
Now that you have reviewed the information about the verbs that are conjugated like "gustar", complete the following activities.
Actividades
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by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
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NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
4.1.7: Palabras indefinidas y negativas
There are two ways to form negative sentences in Spanish. Let us compare them:
No + verb + negative word
Review the following examples. Note that all negative words, including the word "no", are indicated in bold.
Yo no peleo nunca con mi hermanito.
No se acuesta nadie temprano en mi casa.
No quiero salir tampoco.
Negative word + verb
Nunca peleo con mi hermanito.
Nadie se acuesta temprano en mi casa.
Tampoco quiero salir.
The indefinite word "algún" has four different forms that will agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. It's
counterpart "ningún" also agrees in gender with the noun it modifies. However, in the negative form, "ningún" and "ninguna" are
never used in the plural form since there is no plural of "none".
In questions using indefinite words: "algún", "algunos", "algunas", and "alguna", while there are different ways to answer, it is
common to use these negative words: "ningún", "ninguno", "ninguna" and "nadie".
Note that "alguno" and "ninguno" are used as masculine pronouns. Thus, they cannot be followed by the masculine noun they refer
to. There needs to be a previous context indicating what they refer to. If the masculine noun is needed after, use "algún" or
"ningún" instead. The first two questions below can be responded by using "ninguno" or "ningún" since the question provide the
context needed to knwo what they refer to.
Ejemplos
¿Tienes algún diccionario de francés?
No, no tengo ningún diccionario de francés.
No, no tengo ninguno.
¿Les mandas algunos mensajes a tus amigos cuando estás trabajando?
No, no les mando ningún mensaje a mis amigos cuando estoy trabajando;
No, no les mando ninguno cuando estoy trabajando.
¿Tienes algunas pastillas en tu bolsa?
No, no tengo ninguna pastilla en mi bolsa;
No, no tengo ninguna en mi bolsa.
¿Viste a *alguna amiga en la cafetería?
[Link] [Link]
No, no vi a ninguna amiga en la cafetería.
No, no vi a ninguna en la cafetería.
No, no vi a nadie en la cafetería.
*Use the personal “a” before "alguna", just like with "alguien" and "nadie", when referring to people, . This is the same when using
"alguno", "alguna", "algunos", "algunas", "ninguno" and "ninguna".
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[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras indefinidas y negativas
Indefinite and negative words
Now that you have reviewed the information about indefinite and negative words, complete the following activities.
Actividades
Haz clic en las fotos para ver la palabra oculta. Encuentra la palabra opuesta para hacer pares.
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BY-NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
4.1.8: Lectura- El diario de Samira
El diario de Samira
Lee el diario de Samira sobre el fin de semana pasado. Pon atención a sus actividades de la mañana y a las de la noche. También
pon atención al uso de los verbos reflexivos. ¿Haces algunas actividades similares los fines de semana?
Lectura
Querido diario:
Ayer me desperté a las siete de la mañana, pero no me levanté hasta las ocho y media de la mañana. Los sábados no tengo clases,
entonces no necesito levantarme temprano y no pongo el despertador, pero algunas veces me despierto temprano. Hoy decidí mirar
un documental de la civilización Maya en la televisión antes de levantarme. Me interesa mucho la historia de las civilizaciones
antiguas. Cuando terminó el documental me levanté, me vestí y me lavé la cara. No me bañé porque siempre me baño por la noche.
Luego desayuné, me cepillé los dientes y salí a caminar al parque. Más tarde visité un museo y almorcé en un café que está cerca
del museo con mi amigo Omar. Luego Omar me invitó a un festival de música del Medio Oriente (Middle Eastern). ¡Nos
divertimos mucho! A Omar le fascina la música en general y cuando hay eventos del Medio Oriente siempre me invita. Después
del festival, volví a mi casa, me duché, cené, me cepillé los dientes y me acosté. Por último, miré las noticias en la televisión y me
dormí.
Los sábados son muy divertidos. Siempre hago cosas que me interesan y nunca estudio, todo es diversión.
¡Hasta el próximo fin de semana!
Samira
Actividades
Copia los acentos y otros símbolos si es necesario: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Decide si las oraciones son ciertas o falsas.
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De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.8: Lectura- El diario de Samira by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
4.1.9: Video - ¡Un buen día!
¡Un buen día!
Mira el video de las actividades del fin de semana de Omar. Escucha con atención la narración de Omar y descubre qué tienen en
común Samira y Omar. ( Video transcript)
Figure [Link] : Un buen día. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Karla Gutierrez via YouTube)
Ahora, completa las actividades de acuerdo (according) con el video.
Actividades
Copia los acentos y otros símbolos si es necesario: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Decide si las oraciones son ciertas o falsas.
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Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
6.9: Video - ¡Un buen día! by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
4.1.10: México
México
Mapa
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[Link] [Link]
SECTION OVERVIEW
4.2.8: Perú
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4.2.1 [Link]
4.2.1: Vocabulario 7- La comida y las fiestas
La comida y las fiestas
Vocabulario
En el siguiente video vas a encontrar la lista del vocabulario de este capítulo. Mira el video y repite el vocabulario después de cada
diapositiva (slide). Descarga la lista del vocabulario.
Figure 7.1.1Video.7.1.1: Capítulo 7: La comida y las fiestas. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Ejemplo
En el siguiente video vas a ver a Keiko y a Omar hablando sobre la fiesta sorpresa de la hermana de Keiko. Presta atención a las
preguntas relacionadas con la preparación de la fiesta.
[Link] [Link]
Figure 7.1.2Video.7.1.2: Una conversación: ¿Qué comida puedo llevar?. (CC-BY-NC 4.0; Anaid Stere-Lugo via YouTube)
Actividades
Completa la siguiente actividad basada en el video anterior.
Ahora completa las siguientes actividades basadas en la lista del vocabulario.
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Selecciona la palabra que no pertenece a la lista del vocabulario.
1. atún / carne / plato / mariscos
mariscos
plato
atún
carne
Check
uva
sandía
fresa
cebolla
Check
arroz
vino
café
leche
Check
[Link] [Link]
4. pastel / flan / galleta / zanahoria
flan
galleta
pastel
zanahoria
Check
aniversario
dulces
boda
cumpleaños
Check
Completa los espacios en blanco para emparejar los sustantivos siguientes con
sus equivalentes en inglés.
owner wine
steak black pepper
guest turkey
salad strawberry
cookie kiss
[Link] [Link]
[Link] dueño:
[Link] bistec:
[Link] invitada
[Link] beso
[Link] pavo:
[Link] fresa:
[Link] ensalada:
[Link] galleta:
[Link] vino:
[Link] pimienta
Check
Organiza las imágenes en la secuencia correcta. Para leer la descripción
completa, haz clic en cada imagen. Actividad alternativa: Observa las
imágenes, lee las descripciones, escríbelas en orden cronológico y
entrégaselas a tu profesor.
[Link] [Link]
Ellos necesitan el me… Finalmente, el camar… Después prueban el …
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4.0.
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4.2.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 2
Irregular preterites, part 2
In the preterit tense, there are a few verbs with irregular stem. These irregular verbs do not have written accent on the verb
conjugation (as compared to the regular verbs in the preterit tense). The irregular stem can be categorized by:
The -u- stem
The -i- stem
The -j- stem
-u- stem
Verb Irregular stem
estar estuv-
haber hub-
poder pud-
saber sup-
tener tuv-
-i- stem
Verb Irregular stem
hic- , hiz- (Use "z", instead of "c", in the conjugations of "usted", "él",
hacer
and "ella".)
querer quis-
venir vin-
-j- stem
Verb Irregular stem
conducir conduj-
decir dij-
producir produj-
reducir reduj-
traducir traduj-
traer traj-
Subject The -u- and -i- stem The -j- stem Examples of verb conjugations
[Link] [Link]
Subject The -u- and -i- stem The -j- stem Examples of verb conjugations
Nosotros/as imos imos Nosotros/as: tuvimos, vinimos, produjimos (tener, venir, producir)
Vosotros/as isteis isteis Vosotros/as: estuvisteis, quisisteis, tradujisteis (estar, querer, traducir)
Ejemplos
Hubo una fiesta de cumpleaños en la casa de Mariela.
Mi amiga Gabriela quiso ir pero no pudo. Ella tuvo que trabajar.
Anoche Mateo hizo ejercicios en el gimnasio.
Los amigos de Mariela le trajeron regalos para ella.
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Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
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[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Pretéritos irregulares, parte 2
Irregular preterites, part 2
Now that you have reviewed the information about irregular preterites, complete the following activities.
Actividades
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NC 4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
4.2.3: Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir
Irregular preterites of verbs "dar", "ser", "ver", "ir"
There are four additional verbs that have irregular conjugations. They are: "dar" (to give), "ver" (to see/to watch), "ser" (to be) and
"ir" (to go). One thing these verbs have in common is that they do not need an accent on the conjugation of "yo" or "él", even if
some of the endings resemble those of regular verbs. The verbs "ir" and "ser" have the same conjugation; the context tells you the
verb being used when conjugated.
Yo Di Vi Fui
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[Link]: Práctica- Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir
Irregular preterites of verbs "dar", "ser", "ver", "ir"
Now that you have reviewed the conjugation of "dar", "ser", "ver", and "ir", complete the following activities.
Actividades
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4.0.
[Link].1 [Link]
4.2.4: Verbos que cambian de significado en el pretérito
Verbs that change in meaning in the preterite
We are going to study the verbs that change its meaning from "present" to "preterite" tense in Spanish. These are the following
verbs:
Saber
Subject pronoun Present tense Preterite tense
n Yo sé supe
n Tú sabes supiste
In the present tense, "saber" is used to express "to know something" (knowledge, fact) and "to know how to do something" (skill).
Yo sé la capital de los Estados Unidos. Es Washington DC.
Nosotros sabemos bailar tango.
In the preterite tense, "saber" is used to express "to find out about something" (found out, realized). The preterite tense of "saber"
are highlighted in bold.
El sábado pasado en la reunión familiar, supe que mi prima Elizabeth va a casarse en la primavera.
Last Saturday in the family gathering, I found out that my cousin Elizabeth is going to get married in the Spring.
Conocer
Subject pronoun Present tense Preterite tense
n Yo conozco conocí
n Tú conoces conociste
In the present tense, "conocer" is used to express "to know or to be acquainted or familiar with a person, a place, or a thing".
Yo conozco bien la capital de los Estados Unidos. Viví en esta ciudad por varios años.
Leticia conoce a todos los padres de sus estudiantes.
In the preterite tense, "conocer" is used to express "to meet someone for the first time" (met). Personal "a" is used after the verb
conocer. The preterite tense of "conocer" are highlighted in bold.
Anoche en la casa de Arturo, nosotros conocimos a sus abuelitos.
Last night at Arturo's house, we met his grandparents.
Poder
Subject pronoun Present tense Preterite tense
n Yo puedo pude
n Tú puedes pudiste
[Link] [Link]
Subject pronoun Present tense Preterite tense
In the present tense, "poder" means "to be able to" or "can", and "no poder" means "not be able to" or "cannot".
¿Puedes ir al concierto con nosotros la próxima semana?
Lo siento, no puedo ir. Tengo que trabajar.
In the preterite tense, "poder" means "managed or succeeded in doing something", while "no poder" means "failed after attempting
to do something". The preterite tense of poder are highlighted in bold.
Anoche pude entregar mis tareas antes de la medianoche. ¿Y Carlos?
Last night I managed to turn in my homework before midnight. How about Carlos?
Desafortunadamente, Carlos no pudo entregarlas a tiempo.
Unfortunately Carlos failed to turn them in on time.
Querer
Subject pronoun Present tense Preterite tense
n Yo quiero quise
n Tú quieres quisiste
In the present tense, "querer" means "to want" or "to love", and "no querer" means "do not want".
¿Qué quieren hacer esta noche?
Esta noche no queremos hacer nada. Preferimos estar en casa.
Mami, te queremos mucho.
In the preterite tense, "querer" means "tried to", while "no querer" means "refused". The preterite tense of "querer" are highlighted
in bold.
Arturo quiso ir a la fiesta de Mariela, pero tuvo que trabajar.
Arturo tried to go to Mariela's party, but he had to work.
Paola y Laura no quisieron salir con Fabio y Daniel.
Paola and Laura refused to go out with Fabio and Daniel.
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[Link]: Práctica- Verbos que cambian de significado en el pretérito
Verbs that change in meaning in the preterite
Now that you have reviewed the information about verbs that change in meaning in the preterite, complete the following activities.
Actividades
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[Link].1 [Link]
4.2.5: "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental
Constructions with "se": Impersonal "se" and accidental "se"
"Se" impersonal
"Se" for general and impersonal information is used to express general and impersonal information in which the subject is not
given or is unspecified. "Se" impersonal is used for signs and ads. The “se” construction is used as follow:
Singular
Se + verb (present in 3rd person singular) + singular noun
Se habla español.
Se alquila apartamento.
Note that in the examples above the verb in present tense and the singular noun are in bold.
Plural
Se + verb (present in 3rd person plural) + plural noun
Se venden los periódicos aquí.
Se buscan meseros en este restaurante.
Note that in the examples above the verb in present tense and the plural noun are in bold.
Se + verb (present in 3rd person singular) + adverb or preposition
Se ve mejor con estos lentes.
Se maneja con alegría en este coche.
Note that in the examples above the verb and the adverb or preposition are in bold.
"Se" accidental
"Se" for accidental or unplanned events: In order to imply that no one is directly responsible for an accidental or unplanned event,
Spanish uses the following “Se" construction:
me
te
le
Se cayó el plato.
nos
os
les
In this construction, the indirect object pronoun indicates to whom the accidental or unplanned event affects. What normally is the
direct object of the sentence (what is lost, forgotten, and so on,) is now the subject and the verb is now conjugated to this new
subject (normally the 3rd person singular or plural). Because the event has already occurred, the verb tense used is normally the
preterite.
[Link] [Link]
List of verbs often used with se to describe accidental or unplanned events
Spanish English Spanish English
To clarify or emphasize whom the action happened to (the indirect object pronoun), use "a + [noun]" or "a + [prepositional
pronoun]".
Al conductor se le perdió la llave. (The driver lost his key.)
A mí se me cayó el pastel. (I dropped the cake.)
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[Link] [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental
Constructions with "se": Impersonal "se" and accidental "se"
Now that you have reviewed the information about constructions with "se", complete the following activities.
Actividades
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4.2.6: Lectura- La quinceañera de Mariela
La quinceañera de Mariela
La profesora de matemáticas, Lorena López, le pidió a Mariela ayuda para organizar la quinceañera (15th birthday party) de su
sobrina. Mariela está muy emocionada mientras escribe en su diario y recuerda su propia (her own) quinceañera. Mientras lees los
detalles de la quinceañera de Mariela, piensa en las fiestas de cumpleaños de Estados Unidos. ¿Hay una fiesta de cumpleaños en
Estados Unidos similar a las quinceañeras? ¿Hay otro tipo de celebración en Estados Unidos similar a una quinceañera? ¿Alguna
vez (have you ever) fuiste a una quinceañera? ¿Te gustó? ¿Fue tu experiencia similar a la quinceañera de Mariela?
Lectura
Querido diario:
La profesora de matemáticas, Lorena López, me pidió ayuda para organizarle una quinceañera a su sobrina Teresa. ¡Estoy muy
contenta! Es la primera vez que ayudo a organizar una quinceañera.
Recuerdo mi quinceañera con mucha emoción. Un año antes de mi fiesta, mi mamá empezó a preparar todo. Me compró un vestido
rosa, largo, elegante y muy bonito, y reservó un salón de eventos muy grande porque invitamos a mucha gente.
El día de la fiesta fueron más de doscientas personas. Hubo un pastel muy grande, tan grande como el pastel de una boda. Mi
abuela y mi mamá pusieron mesas con diferentes comidas para los invitados. Los invitados caminaron a las mesas de comida,
leyeron el menú de cada mesa y se sirvieron de todo un poco. En una mesa mi abuela puso todas las carnes: bistec, pescado y pavo.
En otra mesa sirvió en unos pequeños platos todos los postres: el flan de caramelo, las galletas, los dulces y el pastel. ¡Esta fue mi
mesa favorita! En otra mesa mi mamá decidió poner las frutas y las verduras: fresas, plátanos, manzanas, lechuga, tomate,
zanahorias, papas, ensaladas de frutas y ensaladas de verduras. Finalmente, pusieron una mesa con todas las bebidas: jugos de fruta,
refrescos, té helado, café y vino. ¡Todo estuvo delicioso!
Ese día lo pasé muy bien con mi familia y mis amigos. Los invitados me dieron muchos regalos, escuché mi música favorita, bailé,
platiqué, reí, comí y me divertí mucho. Recuerdo que cuando entré a la fiesta todas las personas me dijeron: ¡Feliz cumpleaños!
¡Mi quinceañera fue el mejor día de mi vida!
¡Mañana va a ser un día muy divertido!
Hasta la próxima.
Mariela
Now that you have read Mariela's diary entry, complete the activities below.
Actividades
Copia los acentos y otros símbolos si es necesario: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Decide si las oraciones son ciertas o falsas.
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Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .
7.6: Lectura- La quinceañera de Mariela by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC
4.0.
[Link] [Link]
4.2.7: Video- En el supermercado
En el supermercado
Mariela y la profesora Lorena están preparando una quinceañera. Mira el video y presta atención (pay attention) a la comida que
van a comprar. Basado en el video, ¿crees que van a tener una quinceañera grande? ¿Cómo sabes? ( Video Transcript)
Figure [Link].6.2 : El Supermercado. (CC BY-NC 4.0; Karla Gutiérrez via YouTube)
Ahora que ya viste el video, completa las actividades siguientes.
Actividades
Copia los acentos y otros símbolos si es necesario: á, é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡
Decide si las oraciones son ciertas o falsas.
[Link] [Link]
Organiza las imágenes en la secuencia correcta. Para leer la descripción
completa, haz clic en cada imagen. Actividad alternativa: Observa las
imágenes, lee las descripciones, escríbelas en orden cronológico y
entrégaselas a tu profesor.
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7.7: Video- En el supermercado by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
4.2.8: Perú
Perú
Mapa
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7.8: Perú by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, [Link], C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.
[Link] [Link]
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
5: Exámenes Finales
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5.1 [Link]
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
6: Recursos Adicionales
01. El abecedario / The Alphabet
6.1: Pronombres
6.2: Sustantivos
6.3: Números
6.4: Fechas
6.5: Interrogativos
6.6: Presente simple del indicativo
6.7: Construcciones valorativas (gustar)
6.8: Posesivos
6.9: Tener
6.10: Ser-Estar
6.11: Comparativos y superlativos
6.12: Por y para
6.13: Conocer o saber
6.14: A personal
6.15: Pronombres de complemento
6.16: Indefinidos
6.17: Demostrativos
6.18: Reflexivos y pronominales
6.19: Pretérito
6.20: Ortografía
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1
01. El abecedario / The Alphabet
El alfabeto o abecedario en español contiene 27 letras
letra Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii
letra Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Ññ Oo Pp Qq
letra Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
Ya que las letras casi siempre corresponden a un solo sonido, rara vez se Since most of the time letters correspond to one sound only, Spanish
deletrean las palabras en la conversación cotidiana, excepto para speakers rarely spell a word in everyday conversation, except for
palabras extranjeras. Simplemente se clarifica la consonante dudosa, foreign words. They would just clarify the one consonant in doubt, such
como "ce" vs. "zeta", o "be" vs. "uve" (ver §2). Así que un intercambio as "ce" vs. "zeta", or "be" vs. "uve" (see §2). Thus, a normal exchange
normal sobre cómo escribir una palabra sería algo como: on how to write a word would be something like:
—¿Tu apellido se escribe con ese o con zeta? —Is your last name spelled with an "s" or with a "z"?
—Mi apellido es Meza, con zeta. —My last name is Meza, with a "z".
¡A practicar!
Práctica 1
A. Escriba el nombre de la letra correspondiente, como en el modelo.
Modelo: t → te
1. j → ______ 2. b → ______ 3. c → ______ 4. ñ → ______ 5. y → ______
6. f → _______ 7. g → ______ 8. h → _______ 9. q → _______ 10. v → _______
11. k → _______ 12. z → _______ 13. x → _______ 14. r → _______ 15. w → ______________
B. Deletree las palabras como en el modelo.
Modelo: Mi apellido es Smith: ese, eme, i, te, hache .
1. Mi nombre es Fritz: ____________________________
2. Mi apellido es Wagner: ____________________________
3. Mi apellido es Jones: ____________________________
4. Soy de Kingston: ____________________________
C. Conteste las preguntas como en el modelo.
Modelo: ¿Cómo se escribe "Meza"? Con zeta .
1. ¿Cómo se escribe "kilo"? _______________________
2. ¿"Cabo" se escribe con be o con uve? _____________________________
1 [Link]
3. ¿Cómo se escribe "Yepes"? _____________________
4. ¿"Garaje" se escribe con ge o con jota? ____________________________
5. ¿Cómo se escribe "veces"? _________________________
6. ¿"Calle" se escribe con elle o con ye? ____________________________
Respuestas
A. 1. jota 2. be 3. ce 4. eñe 5. ye 6. efe 7. ge 8. hache 9. cu 10. uve
11. ka 12. zeta 13. equis 14. erre, ere 15. uve doble, doble u, ve doble
B. 1. efe, erre, i, te, zeta 2. uve doble, a, ge, ene, e, erre 3. jota, o, ene, e, ese 4. ka, i, ene, ge, ese, te, o, ene
C. 1. Se escribe con ka. 2. Con be. 3. Se escribe con ye y con ese. 4. Con jota. 5. Se escribe con ce. 6. Con elle.
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Yepes.
2 [Link]
6.1: Pronombres
Pronombres de sujeto
Práctica 6A (§6)
Gloria (yo) está conversando con su amiga Luisa (tú). Las dos son
venezolanas. ¿Qué pronombre usa Gloria para referirse a las siguientes
personas? Elija y arrastre el adecuado junto a cada sujeto de la izquierda.
Modelo: Gloria → yo [Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
6.1.1 [Link]
6.2: Sustantivos
Cambios de significado según el género
Práctica 12B: Notas sobre el género (§25)
Reuse Embed
Traducción al inglés
1) I like the stories that Garcia Marquez writes. 2) I can usually pay bills on time. 3) Everybody knows that Tegucigalpa is
the capital of Honduras. 4) We need the capital to found a new company. 5) Children provide hope for the future. 6)
Naturally, I always have breakfast in the morning. 7) Captain Paz gave the order to attack the enemy. 8) You should write
the words in the correct order.
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Sustantivos has no license indicated.
6.2.1 [Link]
6.3: Números
Números del cero al cien
Práctica 21: números del cero al cien (§21)
6.3.1 [Link]
Estos son los cinco países más grandes de Suramérica. Escriba en letras el
área de cada uno. [Consultar tema]
Ordinales 1-6
Práctica 41A (§41)
6.3.2 [Link]
Estos son los puntajes que obtuvieron seis gimnastas en una competencia.
Complete las oraciones indicando qué puesto ocupó cada participante.
Ejemplo: Carolina obtuvo el sexto lugar. Fue la sexta .
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Gabriela: nueve coma ochenta y seis - Érica: nueve coma ochenta y tres
Diana: nueve coma treinta y siete - Cecilia: ocho coma noventa y cuatro
Lucía: ocho coma ochenta y dos - Carolina: ocho coma sesenta y cinco
Reuse Embed
Ordinales 1-10
Práctica 41B (§41)
6.3.3 [Link]
Escriba en letras los números indicados. [Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Ejemplo: En 2014 se conmemoró el 100o ( centésimo ) aniversario de la
1a ( Primera ) Guerra Mundial.
6.3: Números is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Números has no license indicated.
6.3.4 [Link]
6.4: Fechas
Fechas
Práctica 37 (§37)
Reuse Embed
Traducción al inglés
1. Today is Monday, September 3rd. 2. The meeting is on Wednesday, not today. 3. I'm never home on Saturdays because I
travel on weekends. 4. The team played in May and won't play anymore until next spring. 5. We're going to read that short
story next Tuesday. 6. I was born on February 20th, 1999. 7. We're in March already; it started last Friday. 8. It rains a lot
here in the winter. 9. Good bye, see you on Sunday.
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Fechas has no license indicated.
6.4.1 [Link]
6.5: Interrogativos
Pronombres interrogativos
Práctica 19A (§19)
Traducción al inglés
1. What? The Olympic Games. 2. Where? In Barcelona. 3. When? In July and August, 1992. 4. Why? Because it was a
commemorative year in Spain. 5. Of what? Of their arrival in America. 6. Who? Athletes from 169 countries. 7. How
many? 9,364 athletes. 8. How? Everything was spectacular.
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6.5.1 [Link]
6.6: Presente simple del indicativo
Formas regulares
Práctica 8A (§8)
Traducción al inglés
1) We always overcome difficulties, but you never overcome them. 2) I normally convince the clients, but you never
convince them. 3) I always attend the meetings you organize. 4) I do not differentiate colors, but my eyes work well. 5) I
always pick up the garbage and you, in contrast, never pick it up. 6) As a manager, I lead the company where all of my
family works. 7) Most of the time, I stop by the school in the afternoon to get my children. 8) You're arriving in Montevideo
tomorrow? Yes, and I come back a week later. 9) Planets do not shine with their own light; stars do. 10) People learn better
when they are treated well.
Usos
Práctica 8B (§8)
6.6.1 [Link]
Arrastre la razón por la que se usa el presente simple del indicativo en cada
caso.
Drag the reason why the Simple Present Indicative is used in each case.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Traducción al inglés
1) Most of the time, I stop by the school in the afternoon to get my children. 2) You're travellng to Montevideo tomorrow? 3)
Planets do not shine with their own light; stars do. 4) People learn better when they are treated well. 5) This Friday we're
driving to the capital. 6) Why do you listen to such a strange music? 7) What are you doing? I'm preparing dinner, what do
you think? 8) In 1969, Apollo XI arrives at the Moon.
6.6.2 [Link]
Jorge y Luisa conversan sobre sus planes para el sábado. Conjugue los
verbos en presente simple de indicativo para la persona indicada entre
paréntesis.
Ejemplo: Siempre (encontrar: tú) encuentras una excusa. [Consultar
tema] [Diccionario]
Traducción al inglés
L: This Saturday I want to do something different. J: I don't understand, you always prefer to sleep. L: You think that, but
you always go to bed after we have lunch and sleep all afternoon. J: Ha, ha. Well, it's just that I start my day very early and
most of the time we go to bed too late. L: Well, I repeat: This Saturday can be different. We can go to the movies, for
example. J: On Saturday I can't go because I start my new yoga classes from two to five in the afternoon. L: Oh, yes, now I
remember, but don't you come back at six? Then we have some time in the evening. J: Yes, possibly... If I don't miss the bus,
ha, ha. L: Perfect. Then you arrive, we eat, and then we go out. J: All right, I approve the idea, but I ask you a favor: You
choose (pick) the movie. L: No, we choose it together, as usual. On Saturday morning I get the ticket on the web. J: Ok,
good, we'll see what we find. How much does the movie ticket cost? L: I don't remember, does it matter?
6.6.3 [Link]
Verbos irregulares
Práctica 10 (§10)
Traducción al inglés
Beth: I get a bit nervous because I have a terrible pronunciation. Pierre: I don't hear well what native speakers say,
because they go too fast. Mitsuki: I think the teacher has to motivate us, because we're nervous about speaking. Finn: I
always translate sentences mentally, and that's not good, I suppose. Lian: Most of the time, I thank (am thankful) that the
teacher corrects me, because in that way I see how to improve. Chiara: I don't know if that is good, but I don't give
importance to the grammar. I simpl say what I think. Leão: If I lead (sustain) a conversation for five minutes, I'm happy.
Malaika: I feel a little frustrated because I get distracted easily. Yuri: The native speakers I know hear me patiently
because they see I'm making the effort to speak.
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Presente simple del indicativo has no license indicated.
6.6.4 [Link]
6.7: Construcciones valorativas (gustar)
Gustar
Práctica 46A (§46)
6.7.1 [Link]
Andrés describe algunas situaciones de su niñez. Complete las oraciones
con el imperfecto del verbo entre paréntesis y el pronombre adecuado (me,
le, nos, les).
Ejemplo: (molestar) Al vecino le molestaban mucho nuestras
travesuras: éramos terribles.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Traducción al inglés
1) My games and jokes did not bother my mother; she was very patient. 2) My friends loved the soup my father used to
prepare; it was extremely tasty. 3) To my grandpa it didn't make any difference whether or not we made noise; he was
almost deaf. 4) My jokes seemed horrible to my older sister; she had other interests. 5) I used to do well in most classes, but
I was terrible with numbers. 6) What would make me the happiest was playing with my friends in the neighboring forest. 7)
My jokes used to fascinate my friend Patricia, but I'm not sure why. 8) Nothing really worried us: we just lived the present
moment.
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Construcciones valorativas (gustar) has no license indicated.
6.7.2 [Link]
6.8: Posesivos
Adjetivos y pronombres posesivos
Práctica 31: Posesivos (§31)
Llene los espacios con el adjetivo posesivo correcto y termine cada oración
con el pronombre posesivo adecuado. [Consultar tema]
Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective and finish each
sentence with the appropriate possessive pronoun. (Diccionario)
Ejemplo: Recuerdo a mi familia así como nosotros recordamos a la
nuestra.
6.8: Posesivos is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Posesivos has no license indicated.
6.8.1 [Link]
6.9: Tener
Expresiones comunes con el verbo tener
Práctica 22: expresiones comunes con el verbo tener (§22)
6.9: Tener is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Tener has no license indicated.
6.9.1 [Link]
6.10: Ser-Estar
Estar
Práctica 32A (§32)
Ser
Práctica 32B (§32)
6.10.1 [Link]
Arrastra el uso del verbo ser que corresponde cada oración de la izquierda.
[Consultar tema]
Drag the use of estar which corresponds to each sentence on the left.
[Dictionary]
6.10.2 [Link]
Ser vs. estar
Práctica 32D (§32)
6.10.3 [Link]
Complete las oraciones con la forma apropiada de ser o estar. [Consultar
tema]
Fill in the missing words with the appropriate form of ser or estar.
[Dictionary]
6.10: Ser-Estar is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Ser-Estar has no license indicated.
6.10.4 [Link]
6.11: Comparativos y superlativos
que vs. de
Práctica 43A (§43)
6.11.1 [Link]
Complete las respuestas con tan o tanto/a/s, como en el ejemplo.
Ejemplo: Estoy cansadísimo, ¿tú qué tal? Pues yo no estoy tan cansado/a
como tú.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
6.11.2 [Link]
Daniela y Ana son amiguísimas. Complete su descripción con igual de o lo
mismo, según el contexto.
Ejemplos: Ambas cocinan igual de bien. Y les gusta hacer lo mismo los
fines de semana.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Traducción al inglés
1) They both dance equally well and they like dancing the same things. - 2) Daniela is as tall as Ana and they both weigh
the same (have the same weight). - 3) They both have an equally balanced diet and eat almost the same things. - 4) They
think the same about politics and have equally original ideas about life. - 5) They both like to write about the same things
and create equally beautiful poems. - 6) Ana reads the same as Daniela: equally deep and complex literary works. - 7) They
both dream about the same thing (have the same dream): to become equally famous, Ana as a dancer and Daniela as a
writer.
Práctica general
Práctica 43F (§43)
6.11.3 [Link]
Arrastre la frase hasta el espacio que le corresponde lógicamente.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Con cláusulas
Que vs. de con cláusulas y adjetivos modales (Apéndice 4)
6.11.4 [Link]
Complete los espacios con que o de según lo apropiado para el contexto.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
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Comparativos y superlativos has no license indicated.
6.11.5 [Link]
6.12: Por y para
Para
Práctica 57A (§57)
1. Íbamos a salir para la ciudad esa tarde, pero no dirección o destino final
pudimos. opinión o punto de vista
2. Necesitábamos llegar para el anochecer, pero no lo
propósito o finalidad
hicimos.
propósito o finalidad
3. Queríamos estar en la ciudad para asistir a la reunión
comparación o contraste
del sindicato.
propósito o finalidad
4. Pero no había condiciones climáticas para un viaje tan
largo. plazo, límite de tiempo
Por
Práctica 57B (§57)
6.12.1 [Link]
Arrastre el uso de la preposición por que corresponde a cada oración.
Drag the words into the correct boxes.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario].
6.12.2 [Link]
Haga clic en la opción que mejor complete cada oración.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
6.12: Por y para is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Por y para has no license indicated.
6.12.3 [Link]
6.13: Conocer o saber
Conocer vs. saber
Práctica 29: conocer vs. saber (§29)
Traducción al inglés
1. Carmen knows how to play the piano and she knows many musicians. 2. We're going to get to know Cancun some day,
but neither you nor I know when. 3. Do you know Dr. Vélez? 4. Nobody knows why we are this way. 5. I know several
senators. 6. The nurse knows what to do in these cases. 7. We don't know what to answer, do you know? 8. Dogs know how
to find anything by its scent, and they know their master. 9. It's important to know the other culture in order to know how to
communicate with its people. 10. Juan doesn't know the mayor, but he knows he's honest.
6.13: Conocer o saber is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Conocer o saber has no license indicated.
6.13.1 [Link]
6.14: A personal
La "a" personal
Práctica 28: La "a" personal (§28)
Comprobar
Traducción al inglés
1. I admire people who know how to have a dialog. 2. Who are you going to call? . 3. We're going to need a good lawyer. 4.
Do you know Madrid? Yes, I have some friends there. 5. Do you know someone? I know no one. 6. They're going to
interview all of the candidates. 7. The government investigates discrimination. 8. The government investigates its enemies.
9. No one's ever going to criticize anyone here.
6.14: A personal is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
A personal has no license indicated.
6.14.1 [Link]
6.15: Pronombres de complemento
Completar con pronombres
Práctica 45 (§45)
Complete los diálogos con los pronombres adecuados para cada contexto,
como en los ejemplos.
Ejemplos: [Consultar tema] [Diccionario].
¿ Le diste la comida al perro? Sí, se la di hace más de una hora.
¿ Me puedes preparar este informe (a mí)? Sí, puedo preparártelo más
tarde.
Traducción al inglés
1) Did you buy a gift for your aunt? Yes, I bought it for her this morning. 2) Can you forward me that message? Yes, I'm
going to forward it to you as soon as possible. 3) Did you ask the waiter for the check? Yes, I asked him for it more than
half an hour ago. 4) When are you going to listen to me? I can't listen to you if you complain so much. 5) When did they
steal the money from you? They stole it from us when we were leaving the bank. 6) Could you find a better job for my
nephew? Of couse I can find it for him, with pleasure. 7) Did you continue to give money to your cousins? I didn't keep on
giving it to them because they have a good income now. 8) Would you lend me a hundred euros? Sorry, I can't lend them to
you now. You can ask her (my wife) for them.
6.15: Pronombres de complemento is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Pronombres de complemento has no license indicated.
6.15.1 [Link]
6.16: Indefinidos
Nada, nadie, nunca
Práctica 26B: nada, nadie, nunca (§26)
Traducción al inglés
1. Does everybody want something? Nobody wants anything. 2. Does she talk by phone with someone sometimes? She
never talks to anyone. 3. Does he have something in his hand? He doesn't have anything. 4. Is just any person right? No one
is always right. 5. Do we have to do something? We have to do nothing. 6. Does anyone have something here? No one has
anything. 7. Does everybody have some problems? No one has any problems. 8. Is someone a little hungry? No one's
hungry at all.
Ambos
Práctica 38A (§38)
6.16.1 [Link]
Complete con la forma correcta de ambos/as o tanto/como. [Consultar
tema]
Ejemplo: Tanto Luis como Miguel son hermanos míos. Ambos son
mayores que yo. [Diccionario]
Tengo dos hermanos cuyos nombres son Luis y Miguel. nacieron el seis
de agosto: son gemelos. Los dos estudiaron matemáticas
agricultura. Cursaron carreras en la misma universidad. Pero ninguno de
los dos ejerció su profesión: son escritores. Luis
Miguel fueron ajedrecistas exitosos, pero ahora prefieren la lectura y la
Traducción al inglés
I have two brothers whose names are Luis and Miguel. Both were born on August sixth: They're twins. Both of them studied
both math and agriculture. They studied both careers at the same university. But none of them exercised their profession:
both of them are writers. Both Luis and Miguel were successful chess players, but now they both prefer reading and
writing. Both activities are interesting to them and they work with both to earn a living.
6.16.2 [Link]
Arrasta cada palabras hasta su espacios correcto. [Consultar tema]
Drag each word into its correct box. [Dictionary]
Reuse Embed
Traducción al inglés
I know each country has something special. Each is unique. Both Bolivia and Guatemala have a high percentage of
indigenous people. But Spanish is the most widely spoken language in both nations. Spanish is not spoken in all Latin
American countries: everybody should know that Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. Spanish is spoken in all of Cental
America, except in Belize. Most of the population is of mixed race both in San José and Managua. In both cities it's hot, but
there are fruit juices everywhere.
6.16: Indefinidos is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Indefinidos has no license indicated.
6.16.3 [Link]
6.17: Demostrativos
Este/a/o/s, ese/a/o/s
Prácticas 23A y 23B (§23)
6.17.1 [Link]
Todos los demostrativos (tiempo)
Práctica 23D
Arrastra la respuesta que mejor se relaciona con los enunciados 1-6. [Consultar tema]
Drag the answer that best matches the statements 1-6. [Dictionary]
Vale, ese día te voy a buscar al aeropuerto Sí, esta semana hay buenas películas
¿De verdad? Aquella casa era fabulosa Ese día llegué muy cansado, perdona
Pues yo puedo este fin de semana Sí, aquel año comencé la secundaria
Reuse Embed
6.17: Demostrativos is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Demostrativos has no license indicated.
6.17.2 [Link]
6.18: Reflexivos y pronominales
Pronombres reflexivos
Práctica 47A (§47)
Traducción al inglés
1) My children see each other frequently. 2) I always take care of myself and that's why I have good health. 3) My cousin
has the habit of looking at himself in the mirror all day. 4) We all help each other whenever we can. 5) Your beard is quite
long now. Aren't you shaving (yourself) lately? 6) Don't you guys call each other every day?
6.18.1 [Link]
Fernando narra un viaje familiar. Complete las oraciones con el pronombre
reflexivo y la forma verbal adecuados.
Ejemplo: Tú tenías que levantarte temprano, pero te levantaste tarde.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario].
Ese día íbamos a tomar un vuelo a Tenerife. Teníamos que despertarnos a las cuatro
de la mañana, pero a las cinco, porque teníamos demasiado
sueño. La noche anterior pensábamos acostarnos temprano, pero
tarde porque mi hermana, que siempre está cortándose,
un dedo mientras cocinaba y tuvimos que llevarla al hospital. La ducha no
quiso funcionar, entonces no pudimos . Solo teníamos que
vestirnos rápidamente y salir, pero nadie rápido: todo estaba
en desorden y nadie encontraba su ropa. Para ahorrar tiempo, no nos
arreglamos mucho, pero yo sí decidí el cabello. Por eso perdimos mucho
tiempo. Pero después de todo pudimos llegar a Tenerife para divertirnos. Y, en
realidad, mucho en aquel viaje. Queríamos bañarnos en el
mar, pero finalmente en la piscina del hotel, porque queríamos
dormir más y relajarnos. ¡Y de verdad yo mucho!
(Traducción al inglés: That day we were taking a flight to Tenerife. We were supposed
to wake up at four in the morning, but we woke up at five, because we were too sleepy.
The previous night we were planning to go to bed early, but we went to bed late
because my sister, who is always cutting herself, cut her finger while cooking and we
had to take her to the hospital. The shower refused to work, so we couldn't take a
shower We just had to get dressed quickly and leave but nobody got dressed quickly:
Construcciones valorativas vs. reflexivas
Práctica 47C (§47)
6.18.2 [Link]
Fernanda narra un día diferente a lo habitual. Complete las oraciones con el
pronombre reflexivo y la forma verbal adecuados.
Ejemplo: Me encantaba arreglarme bien, pero ese día no me arreglé
porque no tuve tiempo.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Traducción al inglés
1) I normally liked to bathe in the sea, but that day I didn't bathe because I was cold. - 2) My sister normally liked to lie
and take some sun, but that day she didn't lie down because it wasn't sunny. - 3) My parents normally liked to get up early
for a walk, but that day they didn't get up on time because they were sleepy. - 4) The dog normally liked to have fun with the
ball, but that day he didn't have any fun because the ball was lost. - 5) My brother normally liked to paint his fingernails,
but that day he didn't paint his fingernails because he didn't feel like it. - 6) We all normally liked to sit and chat, but that
day we didn't sit because we felt weird. - 7) And you normally liked to stay home, but that day you didn't stay because iI
forced you to go out.
Tipos de pronominal
Práctica 48A (§48)
6.18.3 [Link]
Arrastre junto a cada oración el tipo de pronominal que ilustra.
Drag to each sentence the kind of pronominal it illustrates.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Equivalentes de "become"
Práctica 48B (§48)
6.18.4 [Link]
Haga clic sobre el verbo que mejor completa cada oración.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
¿Pronominal o no?
Práctica 48C (§48)
6.18.5 [Link]
Complete con el pronombre se o escriba X en el espacio, si el verbo no
debe ser pronominal.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
Traducción al inglés
1) Alba and Abel got divorced a year ago because they couldn't communicate well. 2) Abel felt tired frequently because he
couldn't sleep well. 3) Alba never complained, but she used to get worried about the situation. 4) Because of all that, the
used to argue a lot and the relationship deteriorated quite a bit. 5) They both made an effort to solve the problems, but they
couldn't improve things. 6) Abel seduced a neighbor and Alba fell in love with a workmate. 7) Alba left the house and took
the children with her. Abel stayed in the same house until today. 8) But, after a few years, they realized they wanted to be
together again. 9) So they surprised all of their friends when they got married for the second time.
6.18: Reflexivos y pronominales is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Reflexivos y pronominales has no license indicated.
6.18.6 [Link]
6.19: Pretérito
Formas irregulares del pretérito
Práctica 35B (§35)
Diálogo en pretérito
Práctica 35C (§35)
6.19.1 [Link]
Escriba el pretérito de las preguntas con las formas de "tú" y las respuestas
con las de "yo".
Write the missing words: "tú" preterite forms in the questions, "yo" preterite
forms in the answers.
Ejemplo: ¿Cuánto tiempo (vivir) viviste en Madrid? (estar) Estuve allá
cinco meses.
[Consultar tema] - [Dictionary]
6.19.2 [Link]
Utilice el pretérito para completar la siguiente narración. Observe qué
acciones o eventos "completos" describe cada oración. [Consultar tema]
- (Diccionario)
Traducción al inglés
Yesterday, I went to the library and decided to read for a while. So, I looked for a book reserved for the Spanish class, and I
continued my reading on the history of Spain. According to what I read yesterday, the Muslims from North Africa invaded
Hispania in the year 711 and, in a few years, conquered most of the peninsula. The Christian Visigoths had to refuge in the
north, but for eight centuries kept the determination to reconquer the country. The Muslims put their administrative center
in the city of Cordoba, which became an intellectual center for the Islamic culture. One of the heroes of the Christian
reconquest was El Cid. Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar was born near Burgos, and died heroically in the year 1099. Many medieval
trovadors sang to the heroism of this character, showing how a small army managed to defeat an empire with hundreds of
thousands of warriors. Almost two hundred years later, in the 12th century, the Song of Mio Cid appeared, which was one
of the first books published in Spanish language. This reading seemed interesting to me, and gave me a lot to think of.
6.19: Pretérito is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Pretérito has no license indicated.
6.19.3 [Link]
6.20: Ortografía
Diptongos
Práctica 3 (§3)
Comprobar
División silábica
Práctica (Apéndice 17:2)
6.20.1 [Link]
Escriba la división silábica de las siguientes palabras.
(Puede usar la tecla "Tab" para moverse entre los cajones)
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
1. ocurrir: - -
2. hierro: -
3. diferente: - - -
4. arquitectura: - - - -
5. tortilla: - -
6. institución: - - -
7. reino: -
8. completo: - -
9. enloquecer: - - -
10. consiguiente: - - -
11. frecuencia: - -
12. inspiración: - - -
13. aeropuerto: - - - -
14. lección: -
15. extensión: - -
6.20.2 [Link]
Arrastra la razón por la que cada palabra tiene tilde.
Drag the reason why each word has a written accent.
[Consultar tema] [Diccionario]
1. jamás
2. difícil
3. propósito
4. exhibición
5. José
6. mártir
Acento diacrítico
Práctica 4E (§4)
6.20.3 [Link]
1) I still don't know if I can travel. 2) I always ask you how you're doing, but you never answer me. 3) That's the problem
with Juan: He doesn't think of me or my life. 4) I wonder where there might be a restaurant where I can buy good tea. 5)
What do you have to do today? I need your company, if you have some time. 6) Our (the) grandfather says that, when he
was a child, he would have more fun than we do now.
6.20: Ortografía is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
Ortografía has no license indicated.
6.20.4 [Link]
Index
1 [Link]
Glossary
Sample Word 1 | Sample Definition 1
1 [Link]
Detailed Licensing
Overview
Title: ¡Naveguemos juntos! - Español 101 (Ho)
Webpages: 156
Applicable Restrictions: Noncommercial
All licenses found:
CC BY-NC 4.0: 75% (117 pages)
Undeclared: 24.4% (38 pages)
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0: 0.6% (1 page)
By Page
¡Naveguemos juntos! - Español 101 (Ho) - CC BY-NC 4.0 2: Capítulo 2 y Capítulo 3 - Undeclared
Front Matter - Undeclared 2.1: Capítulo 2- La universidad y el colegio
TitlePage - Undeclared comunitario - CC BY-NC 4.0
InfoPage - Undeclared 2.1.1: Vocabulario 2- La universidad - CC BY-NC
Table of Contents - Undeclared 4.0
About ¡Naveguemos Juntos! - Undeclared 2.1.2: Verbos regulares "-ar" - CC BY-NC 4.0
Licensing - Undeclared [Link]: Práctica- Verbos regulares "-ar" - CC
About the Authors - Undeclared BY-NC 4.0
Accessibility Information - Undeclared
2.1.3: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir" - CC BY-
1: Introducción y Capítulo 1 - Undeclared NC 4.0
1.1: Capítulo 1- Hola, ¿cómo estás? - CC BY-NC 4.0 [Link]: Práctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-
1.1.1: Vocabulario 1- Saludos y despedidas - CC ir" - CC BY-NC 4.0
BY-NC 4.0 2.1.4: Palabras interrogativas - CC BY-NC 4.0
1.1.2: El alfabeto (el abecedario) - CC BY-NC 4.0 [Link]: Práctica- Palabras interrogativas - CC
[Link]: Práctica- El alfabeto (el abecedario) - BY-NC 4.0
CC BY-NC 4.0 2.1.5: El verbo "gustar" - CC BY-NC 4.0
1.1.3: Los sustantivos y los artículos - CC BY-NC
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "gustar" - CC BY-
4.0
NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los sustantivos y los
2.1.6: "Estar" con preposiciones y adjetivos - CC
artículos - CC BY-NC 4.0
BY-NC 4.0
1.1.4: Pronombres personales y el verbo "ser" - [Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y
CC BY-NC 4.0 adjetivos - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Pronombres personales y el [Link]: Práctica- "Estar" con preposiciones y
verbo "ser" - CC BY-NC 4.0 adjetivos - CC BY-NC 4.0
1.1.5: Los números 0-199 - CC BY-NC 4.0 2.1.7: Los números 200+ - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los números 0-199 - CC BY- [Link]: Práctica- Los números 200+ - CC BY-
NC 4.0 NC 4.0
1.1.6: La hora con el verbo "ser" - CC BY-NC 4.0 2.1.8: Lectura- Las clases de Mariela - CC BY-NC
[Link]: Práctica- La hora con el verbo "ser" - 4.0
CC BY-NC 4.0 2.1.9: Video- La UNAM - CC BY-NC 4.0
1.1.7: Lectura- Nota de Pedro - CC BY-NC 4.0 2.1.10: España - CC BY-NC 4.0
1.1.8: Video- Los saludos de los países latinos - 2.2: Capítulo 3- Mi familia - CC BY-NC 4.0
CC BY-NC 4.0 2.2.1: Vocabulario 3- Mi familia - CC BY-NC 4.0
1.1.9: Chile - CC BY-NC 4.0
1 [Link]
2.2.2: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad 3.1.6: Por y para - CC BY-NC 4.0
- CC BY-NC 4.0 [Link]: Práctica- Por y para - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y [Link]: Práctica- Por y para - CC BY-NC 4.0
de nacionalidad - CC BY-NC 4.0 3.1.7: Lectura- Reportaje de Sebastián - CC BY-
2.2.3: Los adjetivos posesivos - CC BY-NC 4.0 NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los adjetivos posesivos - CC 3.1.8: Video- Las vacaciones - CC BY-NC 4.0
BY-NC 4.0 3.1.9: Ecuador - CC BY-NC 4.0
2.2.4: Tener y venir - CC BY-NC 4.0 3.2: Capítulo 5- De Compras - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Tener y venir - CC BY-NC 3.2.1: Vocabulario 5- De compras - CC BY-NC 4.0
4.0 3.2.2: Ser y estar - CC BY-NC 4.0
2.2.5: Los comparativos de desigualdad e igualdad [Link]: Práctica- Ser y estar - CC BY-NC 4.0
- CC BY-NC 4.0 3.2.3: Los objetos directos y los pronombres de
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de los objetos directos - CC BY-NC 4.0
desigualdad e igualdad - CC BY-NC 4.0 [Link]: Práctica- Los objetos directos y los
[Link]: Práctica- Los comparativos de pronombres de los objetos directos - CC BY-
desigualdad e igualdad - CC BY-NC 4.0 NC 4.0
2.2.6: El superlativo y el superlativo absoluto - 3.2.4: Los objetos indirectos y los pronombres de
CC BY-NC 4.0 los objetos indirectos - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el [Link]: Práctica- Los objetos indirectos y los
superlativo absoluto - CC BY-NC 4.0 pronombres de los objetos indirectos - CC BY-
[Link]: Práctica- El superlativo y el NC 4.0
superlativo absoluto - CC BY-NC 4.0 3.2.5: Los demostrativos- adjetivos y pronombres
2.2.7: Saber y conocer - CC BY-NC 4.0 - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Saber y conocer - CC BY-NC [Link]: Práctica- Los demostrativos- adjetivos
4.0 y pronombres - CC BY-NC 4.0
2.2.8: Lectura- La familia de Álex - CC BY-NC 3.2.6: El pretérito de los verbos regulares - CC
4.0 BY-NC 4.0
2.2.9: Video- La familia de Álex (y de Lula) - CC [Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos
BY-NC 4.0 regulares - CC BY-NC 4.0
2.2.10: Bolivia - CC BY-NC 4.0 [Link]: Práctica- El pretérito de los verbos
3: Capítulo 4 y 5 - Undeclared regulares - CC BY-NC 4.0
3.1: Capítulo 4- Los pasatiempos y las vacaciones - 3.2.7: Lectura- Keiko y Mariela - CC BY-NC 4.0
CC BY-NC 4.0 3.2.8: Video- De compras con Keiko y Mariela -
3.1.1: Vocabulario 4- Los pasatiempos y las CC BY-NC 4.0
vacaciones - CC BY-NC 4.0 3.2.9: Argentina - CC BY-NC 4.0
3.1.2: El verbo "ir" - CC BY-NC 4.0 4: Capítulo 6 y 7 - Undeclared
[Link]: Práctica- El verbo "ir" - CC BY-NC 4.0 4.1: Capítulo 6- La rutina diaria - CC BY-NC 4.0
3.1.3: Los verbos con cambios radicales - CC BY- 4.1.1: Vocabulario 6- La rutina diaria - CC BY-NC
NC 4.0 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos con cambios 4.1.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1 - CC BY-
radicales - CC BY-NC 4.0 NC 4.0
3.1.4: Los verbos irregulares en el "yo" - CC BY- [Link]: Práctica- Los pretéritos irregulares,
NC 4.0 parte 1 - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos irregulares en el 4.1.3: Pronombres de los objetos directos e
"yo" - CC BY-NC 4.0 indirectos - CC BY-NC 4.0
3.1.5: El presente progresivo - CC BY-NC 4.0 [Link]: Práctica- Los pronombres de los
[Link]: Práctica- El presente progresivo - CC objetos directos e indirectos - CC BY-NC 4.0
BY-NC 4.0 4.1.4: Los verbos reflexivos - CC BY-NC 4.0
2 [Link]
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos - CC 4.2.5: "Se" impersonal y "se" accidental - CC BY-
BY-NC 4.0 NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos reflexivos - CC [Link]: Práctica- "Se" impersonal y "se"
BY-NC 4.0 accidental - CC BY-NC 4.0
4.1.5: Los verbos recíprocos - CC BY-NC 4.0 4.2.6: Lectura- La quinceañera de Mariela - CC
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos - CC BY-NC 4.0
BY-NC 4.0 4.2.7: Video- En el supermercado - CC BY-NC 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos recíprocos - CC 4.2.8: Perú - CC BY-NC 4.0
BY-NC 4.0 5: Exámenes Finales - Undeclared
4.1.6: Los verbos similares a "gustar" - CC BY-NC 6: Recursos Adicionales - Undeclared
4.0 01. El abecedario / The Alphabet - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
[Link]: Práctica- Los verbos similares a 6.1: Pronombres - Undeclared
"gustar" - CC BY-NC 4.0 6.2: Sustantivos - Undeclared
4.1.7: Palabras indefinidas y negativas - CC BY- 6.3: Números - Undeclared
NC 4.0 6.4: Fechas - Undeclared
[Link]: Práctica- Palabras indefinidas y 6.5: Interrogativos - Undeclared
negativas - CC BY-NC 4.0 6.6: Presente simple del indicativo - Undeclared
6.7: Construcciones valorativas (gustar) - Undeclared
4.1.8: Lectura- El diario de Samira - CC BY-NC
6.8: Posesivos - Undeclared
4.0
6.9: Tener - Undeclared
4.1.9: Video - ¡Un buen día! - CC BY-NC 4.0
6.10: Ser-Estar - Undeclared
4.1.10: México - CC BY-NC 4.0
6.11: Comparativos y superlativos - Undeclared
4.2: Capítulo 7- La comida y las fiestas - CC BY-NC 6.12: Por y para - Undeclared
4.0 6.13: Conocer o saber - Undeclared
4.2.1: Vocabulario 7- La comida y las fiestas - CC 6.14: A personal - Undeclared
BY-NC 4.0 6.15: Pronombres de complemento - Undeclared
4.2.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 2 - CC BY- 6.16: Indefinidos - Undeclared
NC 4.0 6.17: Demostrativos - Undeclared
[Link]: Práctica- Pretéritos irregulares, parte 2 6.18: Reflexivos y pronominales - Undeclared
- CC BY-NC 4.0 6.19: Pretérito - Undeclared
4.2.3: Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir - CC BY-NC 4.0 6.20: Ortografía - Undeclared
[Link]: Práctica- Pretérito de dar, ser, ver, ir - Back Matter - Undeclared
CC BY-NC 4.0 Index - Undeclared
4.2.4: Verbos que cambian de significado en el Glossary - Undeclared
pretérito - CC BY-NC 4.0 Detailed Licensing - Undeclared
3 [Link]