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 PRONOMBRES PERSONALES

En esta oportunidad vamos a estudiar los pronombres personales. Son las palabras que sirven para hacer referencia a
las personas o sujetos de quienes hablamos en una oración.

I: YO
YOU: TU
SHE: ELLA
HE: EL
IT: ESO para cosas o animales
WE: NOSOTROS/AS
YOU: USTEDES
THEY: ELLOS/AS

Observa las imágenes y escribe los pronombres personales debajo de cada imagen.

-------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------

PASADO DEL VERBO TO BE

Quizás el verbo más importante en inglés sea este, el verbo to be. No solo nos sirve para expresar nuestro estado de
ánimo o para dar información personal, sino que es uno de los verbos auxiliares del inglés. Es clave, también, que conozcas
a la perfección el verbo to be en pasado. Así que aquí te muestro como quedaría el verbo to be en el pasado (was / were)
con los pronombres personales → Resumen de lo que verás más adelante.
 Verbo to be en pasado
Como suele pasar en inglés por sus características sintéticas, el verbo to be tiene únicamente dos formas en pasado:

Present simple → Verb “to be” Past simple → Verb “to be”
am
was
is
are were
Atendiendo al sujeto con el que vayan, se usa una u otra forma.

I WAS → Yo fui, era o estuve / estaba

YOU WERE → Tú fuiste, eras o estuviste / estabas

SHE/HE/IT WAS → Él/Ella/ello fue, era o estuvo / estaba

WE WERE → Nosotros fuimos, éramos o estuvimos /estábamos

YOU WERE → Ustedes fueron, eran o estuvieron / estaban

THEY WERE → Ellos fueron, eran o estuvieron / estaban

Examples:

I was scared. We were nervous. He was an actor.

Actividades

Completa las oraciones con was o were. Revisa el cuadro para ver el uso del verbo con los pronombres personales .
Una vez realizada la actividad corrige las oraciones. EN LA PARTE FINAL ESTAN LAS RESPUESTAS.

1 I _______ in the traffic light when accident took place.

2 Sheena _______ at home yesterday.
3 You _______ very busy on Monday.
4 I _______ so happy yesterday.
5 They _______ 19 last year.
6 She _______ in USA last month.
7 Elena _______ strong.
8 They _______ in front of the Garden.
9 We _______ at school last Sunday.
10 He _______ fast.
11 The boys _______ hungry.
12 Reena and Meena _______ late for school.
Lee el diario de Carla sobre donde estuvo ayer. Luego escribe oraciones CON PRONOMBRE Y VERBO.

07:00 AT HOME (en casa) ………………………………………………………

11:00 AT THE PARK (en el parque) ………………………………………………………
16:00 AT THE SHOPPING CENTRE (centro comercial) ……………………………………………………..
20:00 AT THE CINEMA (en el cine) ………………………………………………………
23:00 IN BED (en cama) ………………………………………………………
PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS

Mira las expresiones de tiempo. Escribe en el orden correcto desde anoche (1) hasta la semana pasada (5)

a-last week (semana pasada) ………..

b-three days ago (tres días atrás) ………….

c-yesterday (ayer) ………….

d-last night (anoche) ……………

e-the day before yesterday ( antes de ayer) …………..

Negative form

En cuanto a la forma negativa, al verbo “to be” en pasado se le agrega el “not” en su forma larga. En su forma corta sería
“wasn’t” o “weren’t”.

Negative form
Affirmative fom
long form short form
was was not wasn’t
were were not weren’t

I wasn’t scared. We weren’t nervous. He wasn’t an actor.

Completar las oraciones con la forma negativa del verbo “to be” en pasado.

1. I________ in Canberra last Spring.

2. My brother and I _________ at school last Saturday.

3. We _______ at the mall

4. Tina______ at home yesterday,

5. Luna_______ at work.

6. You________ very busy on Friday, right?

7. Jessica and Kimberly_________ late for school yesterday.

8. My elementary school _________ really big.

9. He ________ in a hurry.

10. Erick __________ with a lot of people.

Interrogative form

Para formar las preguntas, el verbo “to be” en pasado se lo ubica al comienzo, seguidamente el sujeto con el complemento
y al último agregamos signo de interrogación.

Was he an actor? Were we nervous? Were you scared?

Short answers

Para responder a las preguntas cortas, usaremos en forma afirmativa el YES, el pronombre y el verbo “to be” en pasado
que le corresponda a esa persona. En el caso de ser negativa la respuesta, usaremos el NO, pronombre y seguido el verbo
“to be” en pasado en negativo.

Was he an actor? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. Were you nervous? Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.

Were you scared? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

Escribe respuestas cortas.

1-Were you at home yesterday morning? ……………………………………………………

2- Were you nine years old last year? ……………………………………………………..

3- Were you in secondary school last year? ……………………………………………………

4- Were you best friend at the cinema last night? ……………………………………………………..

5- Were Michael Jackson and Freddy Mercury singers? ……………………………………………………….

Do this history test. Write short answers. Realiza esta evaluación de historia. Escribe respuestas cortas. Por ejemplo,

Was Gandhi Indian? Yes , He was.

Was he a scientist?

Was Magellan an explorer?

Was He from Italy?

Was Marco Polo from Russia?

Was He an actor?

Past simple → Regular verbs

Usamos el pasado simple para hablar de aquellas acciones que comenzaron y terminaron en el pasado.

Aquí nos podemos encontrar con verbos regulares y verbos irregulares. Con respecto al primero, se llaman así porque
siguen una regla. Esta última se detalla a continuación.

Regla para los verbos regulares (esta regla únicamente se usará en la forma afirmativa de las oraciones)

✓ A los que terminan en –e se le agrega –d

use – used dance – danced

✓ A los que terminan en –y pero anteriormente tenemos una consonante, se le suprime la –y y agregamos –ied.
study – studied try – tried

✓ A los que terminan en –y pero anteriormente tenemos una vocal, solamente se le agrega –ed
play – played stay – stayed

✓ Excepción: plan – planned

stop – stopped chat – chatted travel – travelled

✓ Si no cumple con ninguna de las reglas anteriores se le agrega –ed

walk – walked listen – listened

Complete the table. Regular verb

Infinitive Past simple infinitive Past simple

Change Close
Slip Enjoy
Study Snow
Fix Try
Laugh Paint
travel finish
Complete the sentences. Use the past simple form. Regular verbs. (Completar con los verbos regulares del pasado simple)

1 Aidan __________ in the USA many years ago. 5 They __________ our idea very much. (like)
( live)
2 You __________ my birthday! Thank you! 6 We all __________ at the end of the show.
(remember) (clap)
3 We __________ to the doctor very carefully. 7 I __________ at the bus stop for an hour.
(listen) (wait)
4 Lisa __________ because she was very sad. 8 The rain __________ an hour ago. (stop)
(cry)

Read and complete. Use the past simple. (Leer y completar el texto con la forma del pasado simple de los verbos
regulares que tiene entre paréntesis)

It was my grandmother’s birthday yesterday and we had a big party for her. First I _______________ (help) Mum
to tidy the house. She _______________ (wash) the dishes and I _______________ (clean) the living room. Then I
_______________ (pick) some flowers from the garden to put on the dinner table. Mum _______________ (cook)
a fantastic dinner and at one o’clock the guests _______________ (arrive) – aunts, uncles, cousins and Grandma,
of course! After lunch Grandma _______________ (open) her presents. My present was a photo album with
pictures of all the family. We all _______________ (look) at the photos together. In the afternoon Dad
_______________ (call) a taxi to take Grandma home and I _______________ (carry) all her presents to the car.

Irregular verbs
Los irregulares no siguen una regla, desafortunadamente, no hay una norma establecida para formarlos. Por lo tanto, se
debe estudiar una lista de verbos.

Completar la siguiente tabla de verbos irregulares.

Completar las oraciones con el pasado simple de los verbos

.irregulares.
Para elaborar una oración afirmativa se debe tener en cuenta el verbo en pasado ya sea regular (aplicando la regla correcta
al verbo) o irregular (el verbo aparece en una lista que se debe estudiar).

Examples: I finished my homework three hours ago. (verbo regular)

She did the washing up after dinner yesterday night. (verbo irregular)

En la producción de oraciones negativas usaremos un auxiliar, DID NOT (didn’t), seguido de este, el verbo irá en su forma
infinitiva, sin aplicación de regla ni tampoco el verbo de la segunda columna de la lista.

Examples: I didn’t finish my homework three hours ago. (verbo regular)

She didn’t do the washing up after dinner yesterday night. (verbo irregular)

Escribir oraciones negativas usando el pasado simple.

1 We played a board game. (chess) 4 We had salad for lunch. (pizza)
We didn’t play chess.
2 He got up early. (late) 5 She opened the door. (the window)

3 I washed my T-shirt. (my jeans) 6 Sam ate chocolate. (fruit)

Interrogative form
Con respecto a las oraciones interrogativas, nos vamos a encontrar con preguntas cerradas, en la cual comenzaremos la
pregunta con un auxiliar “DID” y al verbo lo seguiremos ocupando como en la forma negativa, en infinitivo; es decir que
no aplicamos regla al verbo ni tampoco pondremos verbo de la segunda columna de la lista.

Para estas preguntas la respuesta que obtendremos será un SI o un NO.

Examples: Did you finish your homework? → ¿Terminaste tus tareas?

Yes, I did. → SI

No, I didn’t. → NO

Preguntas abiertas → Con ellas buscamos que nos den detalles o explicaciones y no únicamente un SI o un NO. Seguiremos
usando la misma estructura de las preguntas cerradas, solo que al principio le agregaríamos una WH- QUESTION (when,
what, why, where, etc.)

Example: When did they visit their grandparents?

They visited their grandparents last Tuesday.

Simple past time expressions

LAST AGO YESTERDAY IN
last Monday 20 min ago yesterday in 2019
last week an hour ago yesterday night in 2001
last weekend three weeks ago yesterday evening in 1990
last month a month ago yesterday afternoon in 1984
last year two years ago yesterday morning in 1821

Examples:

I played football last Sunday.

My sister ate cookies after school yesterday.

They went to school by bus last year.

You lived in Salta last month.

She didn’t die in 2007.

Complete with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. (Completar el texto con la forma del pasado simple de los
verbos que se encuentran entre paréntesis – Prestar atención a si corresponde una oración afirmativa o negativa)

Detective Hercule Poirot 1 __________ (get on) the Orient Express in Constantinople. A lot of
people 2 __________ (be) on the train and Hercule 3 __________ (not have) a compartment.
Luckily, one of the passengers 4 __________ (not arrive), so Poirot 5 __________ (take) his.
During the second night, Poirot 6 __________ (wake up) because of a loud noise in the next
compartment. Then Mr Ratchett, the man next door, 7 __________ (speak) to the conductor.
After that, Poirot 8 __________ (not sleep) all night. He 9 __________ (ask) the conductor for
a bottle of mineral water and when the conductor 10 __________ (leave), he 11 __________
(go) back to bed. Later, he 12 __________ (hear) someone at his door. When he 13 __________
(open) the door he 14 __________ (not see) anybody except a woman in a red kimono in the
distance. Tire next morning, Mr Ratchett 15 __________ (be) dead.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. USE SHORT FORMS. RESPONDE LAS PREGUNTAS. USA LA FORMA CORTA PARA
RESPONDER. REVISA LA TEORIA A LA HORA DE RESPONDER Y LA LISTA DE LOS VERBOS.
1. Did you play video games last night? [Link] your father go home last night?
Ejemplo: Yes, I did. …………………………………………………………………………
2. Did you watch tv yesterday morning? [Link] your brother do his homework?
……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
[Link] you get up at 10 ? [Link] you arrive at school yesterday?
………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………
[Link] your sister have lunch yesterday afternoon? [Link] you go to bed late last night?
…………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………

4)Read and complete. Use the past simple. (Leer y completar el siguiente correo enviado a Zoe con el pasado simple -
en el mismo encontrará oraciones afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas, prestar bien atención mientras va leyendo
cuál forma usará)

Hi, Eugenius

Guess what? My class _____________ (visit) the National History Museum last Tuesday. I _____________ (be) a bit
late in the morning but Mum _____________ (drive) me to school, so I _____________ (not miss) the bus.

We _____________ (not visit) all the rooms in the museum but we _____________ (see) lots of dinosaurs. We
_____________ (buy) some things at the museum shop. I _____________ (want) to buy a dinosaur pencil but I
_____________ (not find) one, so I _____________ (get) a toy dinosaur I _____________ (have) a great time!

By the way, _____________ (you / tell) Ginny about my party yesterday? What _____________ (she / say)? Can she
come, too?

Love,

Zoe
 LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES

Meaning Infinitive Past Meaning Infinitive Past

SER – ESTAR Be Was/ Were MANTENER Keep Kept
CONVERTIRSE Become Became SABER Know Knew
COMENZAR Begin Began APRENDER Learn Learnt
MORDER Bite Bit SALIR DE Leave Left
SOPLAR Blow Blew PRESTAR Lend Lent
ROMPER Break Broke PERMITIR Let Let
TRAER Bring Brought PERDER Lose Lost
CONSTRUIR Build Built HACER Make Made
QUEMAR Burn Burnt SIGNIFICAR Mean Meant
COMPRAR Buy Bought ENCONTRARSE CON Meet Met
ATRAPAR Catch Caught PAGAR Pay Paid
ELEGIR Choose Chose PONER Put Put
VENIR Come Came LEER Read Read
COSTAR Cost Cost ANDAR Ride Rode
CORTAR Cut Cut SONAR Ring Rang
HACER Do Did CORRER Run Ran
DIBUJAR Draw Drew DECIR Say Said
SOÑAR Dream Dreamt VER See Saw
BEBER Drink Drank VENDER Sell Sold
MANEJAR Drive Drove ENVIAR Send Sent
COMER Eat Ate CANTAR Sing Sang
CAER Fall Fell SENTARSE Sit Sat
ALIMENTARSE Feed Fed DORMIR Sleep Slept
SENTIR Feel Felt HABLAR (idioma) Speak Spoke
LUCHAR Fight Fought GASTAR Spend Spent
ENCONTRAR Find Found PARARSE Stand Stood
VOLAR Fly Flew ROBAR Steal Stole
OLVIDAR Forget Forgot NADAR Swim Swam
OBTENER Get Got TOMAR – AGARRAR Take Took
DAR Give Gave ENSEÑAR Teach Taught
IR Go Went CONTAR (cuento) Tell Told
CRECER Grow Grew PENSAR Think Thought
TENER Have Had LANZAR Throw Threw
OIR Hear Heard ENTENDER Understand Understood
ESCONDER Hide Hid DESPERTAR Wake Woke
GOLPEAR Hit Hit USAR (ropa) Wear Wore
CONTENER Hold Held GANAR Win Won
HERIR Hurt Hurt ESCRIBIR Write wrote