Desafíos del Asfalto en la Industria
Cargado por
Alexander GranadosDesafíos del Asfalto en la Industria
Cargado por
Alexander GranadosDiapositiva 1
EL MARAVILLOSO
MUNDO DEL
ASFALTO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 2
JUSTIFICACION
INCREMENTO DE VOLUMENES DE
TRANSITO
CARGAS MAS PESADAS
MAYOR PRESION DE LOS
NEUMATICOS
AHUELLAMIENTO
CLIMA
ROTURA POR
DIFERENCIAS DE
TEMPERATURA
DESPRENDIMIENTO
DE AGREGADO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 3
PROBLEMÁTICA ACTUAL
ANTES HOY
Cargas o dietas en refinería Variables: decisiones políticas y
homogéneas demanda mundial: mercado de
livianos
Yacimientos jóvenes Los yacimientos han llegado al final
de su producción
Nivel de industrialización baja Alto nivel de industrialización,
legislación ambiental
Reservas de crudos livianos Reservas de crudos agrios o pesados:
requieren procesos de conversión
profunda: NUEVAS REFINERIAS
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 4
FACTORES QUE INCIDEN EN
EL COMPORTAMIENTO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 5
CAUSAS PROBABLES
CALIDAD DE LOS MATERIALES
DISEÑOS Y PROCESOS CONSTRUCTIVOS
DEFICIENTE CONTROL DE CALIDAD
LIMITACIONES EN LOS PARAMETROS DE
CONTROL (ESPECIFICACIONES)
IMPLEMENTACION DE NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS
DESCONOCIMIENTO DE LOS MATERIALES
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 6
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 7
PROCESO DE FORMACION DEL CRUDO
DE PETROLEO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 8
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 9
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 10
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 11
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 12
CLASIFICACION DE LOS
HIDROCARBUROS
BAJA POLARIDAD ALTA POLARIDAD
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 13
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 14
ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS PRESENTES EN
ASFALTOS DE DISTINTA PROCEDENCIA
PROCEDENCIA DEL BETÚN
ELEMENTO
MEXICO BOSCAN CALIFORNIA ARKANSAS
CARBONO (%) 83.77 82.90 86.77 85.78
HIDROGENO (%) 9.91 10.45 10.34 10.19
NITROGENO (%) 0.28 0.78 1.10 0.26
AZUFRE(%) 5.25 5.43 0.99 3.41
OXIGENO (%) 0.77 0.29 0.20 0.36
VANADIO ppm 180 1380 4 7
NIQUEL ppm 22 109 6 0.4
14
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 15
LOS CRUDOS DEL PETROLEO
CARACTERIZACION Y CLASIFICACION
Fracciones destilables
Contenido de asfalto
141.5
Grado API = - 131.5
P.E
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 16
BOSCAN ARABIAN NIGERIA
VENEZUELA HEAVY LIGHT
API Degrees 10.1 28.2 38.1
SP Gravity 0.999 0.886 0.834
% Sulfur 8.4 2.8 0.2
Gasolina
Kerosene
Lt. Gas Oil
Hv. Gas Oil 10
26 16
28
Bitumen
30
residuum
58 27 1
HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO 16
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 17
BOSCAN ARABIAN NIGERIA
VENEZUELA HEAVY LIGHT
API Degrees 10.1 28.2 38.1
SP Gravity 0.999 0.886 0.834
% Sulfur 8.4 2.8 0.2
Gasolina
Kerosene
Lt. Gas Oil
Hv. Gas Oil 10
26 16
28
Bitumen
30
residuum
58 27 1
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 18
CLASIFICACION DE LOS
CRUDOS
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 19
VARIACION DE LA CANTIDAD DE ASFALTO CON EL
TIPO DE CRUDO
IRAQ TALCO PANUCO
MID. EAST TEXAS MEXICO
300
PENETRACION A 77ºF
(100 g / 5 sec)
200
100
0
12 14 16 18 36 38 40 42 44 48 46 48 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
% DE ASFALTO EN VOLUMEN
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 20
VARIACION DEL CONTENIDO DE
ASFALTO SEGÚN EL API DEL CRUDO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 21
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 22
UN CAMINO TORTUOSO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 23
TRANSPORTE
Buques
Oleoductos
Carrotanques
Desalinización y deshidratación
Química: surfactantes
Separación electrostática: cargas de alto potencial
Filtrado: utilizando un medio filtrante
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 24
SELECCIÓN DEL ESQUEMA
DE REFINACIÓN
La secuencia de
procesos que convierten
al petróleo crudo en
productos de mayor
valor
El mercado al que
se dirige la
producción
Características de
los crudos a
refinar
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 25
PROCESOS DE REFINO
1. SEPARACIÓN O DESTILACIÓN. Separación mediante
calor, de los diversos componentes del crudo.
2. CONVERSIÓN. Transformación de los productos
intermedios de cara a adecuar la producción a la
demanda existente y/o mejorar sus propiedades.
3. PURIFICACIÓN. Eliminación o transformación de los
compuestos (agua, sal, azufre...).
4. MEZCLADO O BLENDING. Mezclado de productos
intermedios de cara a obtener los productos finales
especificados.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 26
DESTILACIÓN ATMOSFERICA O
PRIMARIA (TOPPING)
Es un proceso que busca
elaborar productos
refinados que satisfagan
especificaciones
No se originan nuevos
compuestos ya que solo
es un proceso de
separación físico-química
(Fraccionamiento)
Separar vapor de un
líquido por ebullición y
posterior condensación
del vapor
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 27
DESTILACIÓN AL VACÍO
El producto del fondo
de la destilación
primaria se puede
utilizar como
combustible (fueloil)
Se sigue procesando
Productos mas livianos
(unidades de cracking)
Productos de mayor
valor comercial
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 28
PROCESO DE REFINACION
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 29
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 30
Producción Actual Asfaltos -ECOPETROL
1 KBPD
APIAY 60/70
ECOPETROL
7.3 KBPD
5.1 KBPD
6.3 KBPD 60/70
GRB
1.2 KBPD
80/100
30
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 31
PRODUCTO DE DESTILACIÓN DEL
PETRÓLEO
LIGANTES DEL
PETRÓLEO
CEMENTOS
ASFÁLTICOS
ASFALTOS EMULSIONES ASFALTOS
FLUIDIFICADOS BITUMINOSAS MODIFICADOS
31
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 32
PRODUCTOS DE LA DESTILACIÓN DEL
PETRÓLEO
GASOLINA
QUEROSENO
PETRÓLEO
GASOLEO
LUBRICANTES
FUEL-OIL
ASFALTOS ASFALTOS
MODIFICADOS
CEMENTO ASFÁLTICO
FLUIDIFICADOS
AGUA EMULSIONANTE
EMULSIONES
ASFALTICAS
32
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 33
Pool de gasolina
Tanques de asfaltos
Crudo TK-3202
Pool de gasóleos Mezclador estático
6kb
Asfaltos 0.5 KBPD
Fondos TK-3203
Crudo 6kb
reducido de vacío
25 KBPD
33
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 34
U - 250 T- 253
Crudo 4 semana
mezclado Crudo reducido
mezclado DEMEX
Penetración
20 - 30
K-205
TT-131
- 131
10 kb
FC
GOP de T-253
2.747 BDC
1 semana LCT
K-656 Asfalto
0.75 kb
Penetración K-206
Gasóleo mezcla
100 - 120
10 kb
34
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 35
T-2103
2365 bpd
28 días/mes
Casabe DEMEX
Galán
Omimex
FC
Pen 15
K-205
T- T-2103
2101
10 kb
2 días / mes
Pen 110-120
Casabe 3.100 BPDC (*)
Galán
Blando FC
Omimex
Pen > 90
K- 4 K-206
50 kb 10 kb
T-131
1 semana LCT
Pen 120
35
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 36
CONTROL
EN LINEA
VIPEX MUESTREO CONTINUO
Set Point: Penetración deseada
TIEMPO DE % GASOLEO
RESPUESTA
INMEDIATO
ESTRATEGIA DE
CONTROL
36
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 37
DIAGRAMA SOBRE LA PRODUCCION
DE ASFALTO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 38
Operaciones de Refinación
DESTILADOS LIGEROS
BOMBEO DESTILADOS MEDIOS
ALMACENAJE
DESTILADOS PESADOS
DESTILACION
FRACCIONADA
RESIDUOS
ALMACE DESTILA CONDENSADOR
NAJE CION CEMENTOS
GAS ASFALTIOOS
ASFALTOS
PETROLEO OXIDADOS ASFALTOS REBAJADOS
EMULSIONES
ARENA Y AGUA AIRE
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 39
Obtención del Asfalto
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 40
GASOLINA
QUEROSENO
ACEITE
MINERAL
GAS
PETROLEO
ASFALTO
ARENA Y AGUA Problemas
Soluciones
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 41
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 42
CARACTERISTICAS FISICAS SEGÚN
EL PUNTO DE CORTE
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 43
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 44
CURVAS DE DESTILACION
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 45
DEFINICIÓN DE ASFALTO
Es un material oscuro, que puede tener consistencia
liquida, sólida o semisólida, compuesto principalmente
por HIDROCARBUROS.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 46
PROCESO DE EXTRACION
Procede de yacimientos naturales (rocas, lagos) o de la
refinación del petróleo.
ROCA: Se presentan
impregnando un esqueleto
pétreo.
LAGOS: Se presentan en depósitos terrestres,
depresiones acompañadas de relleno mineral.
CRUDO DEL PETROLEO:
Obtenidos por refinación de
petróleos de base asfáltica o mixta.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 47
FUENTE DE LOS MATERIALES
CRUDOS PESADOS ASFALTOS NATURALES
POZO PINDO 6 CAMPO PUNGARAYACU
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 48
FUENTE DE LOS MATERIALES
CRUDOS PESADOS ASFALTOS NATURALES
POZO CEDRALES MINAS BLANCAS
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 49
APLICACIONES
Debido a sus propiedades físicas y químicas los hacen
aptos para un sin número de aplicaciones.
Según su aplicación los asfaltos se clasifican en dos grupos:
Asfaltos para pavimentación:
Cemento asfáltico sólido
Asfaltos líquidos
Emulsiones asfálticas
Crudos pesados
Asfaltos mejorados industriales:
Asfaltos oxidados
Asfaltos modificados
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 50
FUNCIONES
El asfalto es un material altamente impermeable,
adherente y cohesivo, capaz de resistir altos
esfuerzos instantáneos y fluir bajo la acción de
las cargas permanentes. Debe cumplir las
siguientes funciones:
IMPERMEABILIZAR
ADHESIÓN Y AGLOMERACIÓN
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 51
IMPERMEABILIZAR
Aislar la estructura del pavimento, haciéndolo poco
sensible a la humedad y eficaz contra la penetración
del agua proveniente de la precipitación
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 52
ADHESIÓN Y AGLOMERACIÓN
Proporciona una intima unión y cohesión entre agregados
capaz de resistir la acción mecánica de disgregación producida
por las cargas de los vehículos.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 53
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 54
1.- 2.-
3.- 4.-
A SFALTO
A GR EGADO
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 55
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 56
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 57
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 58
METODOS DE EVALUACION
ENSAYOS TRADICIONALES
ENSAYOS SUPERPAVE
ENSAYOS SHELL
ENSAYOS UCL
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 59
•Temp. 140°C a 150°C,
ambiente
•Garantizar homogeneidad
•Viscosidad óptima
•Temp. -5°C a 60°C
•Consistencia óptima •Temp. 100°C a 140°C,
ambiente
•Viscosidad óptima
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 60
CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA
Ensayos para medir la consistencia: Penetración,
punto de ablandamiento, ductilidad y viscosidad, fraass.
Ensayos de durabilidad: Ensayo al horno en película
fina.
Ensayos de pureza: solubilidad, mancha.
Ensayos de seguridad: Punto de llama
Ensayos varios: peso específico.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 61
METODOS TRADICIONALES
SERVICIO ??? MANEJO
Viscosidad
Fraass Ductilidad
Penetración
- 20 20 60 135
A&B
Película fina
Temperatura del Pavimento
, °C
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 62
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE EVALUACION A
TEMPERATURAS MEDIAS DE SERVICIO
PENETRACION
0 sec 5 sec
PENETRACION, dmm
100 g
100 g
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 63
Penetración:
Pen=[dmm]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 64
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE EVALUACION A
TEMPERATURAS MEDIAS DE SERVICIO
DUCTILIDAD
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 65
Ductilidad (@ 25 C ó 5 C)
Cohesión y homogeneidad [cm]
Elasticidad en PMB s
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 66
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE EVALUACION A
TEMPERATURAS ALTAS DE SERVICIO
PUNTO DE ABLANDAMIENTO VISCOSIDAD A 60 C
ANILLO & BOLA
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 67
Viscosidad
Capilar (“de tubo”)
Rotacional (Brookfield)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 68
Punto de ablandamiento (Ring and ball test)
Comportamiento a altas temperaturas [ C]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 69
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE
EVALUACION A TEMPERATURAS DE
MANEJO
VISCOSIDAD SAYBOLT
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 70
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE EVALUACION A
TEMPERATURAS BAJAS DE SERVICIO
TEMPERATURA FRAASS
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 71
Punto de rotura Fraass
Comportamiento a bajas temperaturas [ C]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 72
SEGURIDAD EN LA OPERACIÓN
PUNTO DE LLAMA CONTENIDO DE
AGUA
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 73
Punto de ingnición (Seguridad)
Termómetro
Copa llena de
asfalto
Línea de gas
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 74
Solubilidad (Pureza)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 75
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 76
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 77
Solubilidad,
Spot test (“Oliensis”) y
Punto de inflamación
(de “llama” ó “chispa”...)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 78
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE EVALUACION
Horno de Película
MEZCLADO Delgada
EFECTO DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO DURANTE EL
EN PLANTA
Recipiente Termómetro
Base de rotación
Horno
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 79
METODOS TRADICIONALES DE EVALUACION
EFECTO DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO DURANTE EL
MEZCLADO EN PLANTA
ENSAYO AL HORNO EN PELICULA
DELGADA (TFOT)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 80
Rolling Thin Film Over Test
Representa envejecimiento en planta asfáltica
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 81
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 82
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 83
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 84
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Diapositiva 85
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
También podría gustarte
- Tecnología del Asfalto: Generalidades y MaterialesAún no hay calificacionesTecnología del Asfalto: Generalidades y Materiales21 páginas
- Proceso de Refinación de Ligantes AsfálticosAún no hay calificacionesProceso de Refinación de Ligantes Asfálticos27 páginas
- Guía Completa sobre Asfalto y Su ClasificaciónAún no hay calificacionesGuía Completa sobre Asfalto y Su Clasificación23 páginas
- Asfaltenos: Retos y Oportunidades en Petróleo100% (1)Asfaltenos: Retos y Oportunidades en Petróleo24 páginas
- Propuesta Técnica para Garantizar La Homogeneidad de Los Asfaltos Producidos en Las Refinerías Colombianas (Septiembre 2008) PDFAún no hay calificacionesPropuesta Técnica para Garantizar La Homogeneidad de Los Asfaltos Producidos en Las Refinerías Colombianas (Septiembre 2008) PDF44 páginas
- Mezclas Asfálticas: Tipos y ComposiciónAún no hay calificacionesMezclas Asfálticas: Tipos y Composición8 páginas
- Características y Usos del AsfaltoAún no hay calificacionesCaracterísticas y Usos del Asfalto17 páginas
- Investigacion de La Fabricacion Del AsfaltoAún no hay calificacionesInvestigacion de La Fabricacion Del Asfalto14 páginas
- Precipitación de Asfaltenos Dina Padilla USBCTG 2015Aún no hay calificacionesPrecipitación de Asfaltenos Dina Padilla USBCTG 201527 páginas
- Asfaltenos: Impacto y Tratamientos en PetróleoAún no hay calificacionesAsfaltenos: Impacto y Tratamientos en Petróleo22 páginas
- Determinación de Asfaltenos en CrudoAún no hay calificacionesDeterminación de Asfaltenos en Crudo20 páginas
- Contaminantes en el Petróleo y su GestiónAún no hay calificacionesContaminantes en el Petróleo y su Gestión5 páginas
- Control de Parafinas y Asfáltenos en Pozos0% (1)Control de Parafinas y Asfáltenos en Pozos18 páginas
- Tipos y Aplicaciones del Asfalto LíquidoAún no hay calificacionesTipos y Aplicaciones del Asfalto Líquido16 páginas
- Características y Procesos del AsfaltoAún no hay calificacionesCaracterísticas y Procesos del Asfalto3 páginas
- Tecnología y Diseño de Pavimentos AsfálticosAún no hay calificacionesTecnología y Diseño de Pavimentos Asfálticos32 páginas
- Tecnología del Asfalto: Composición y UsosAún no hay calificacionesTecnología del Asfalto: Composición y Usos73 páginas
- Causas de precipitación de asfaltenosAún no hay calificacionesCausas de precipitación de asfaltenos5 páginas
- Clase 7 Introducción Problemas Industria Del Gas y Petroquimica de Corrosión Por CO2 Parte 1. 2da CohoAún no hay calificacionesClase 7 Introducción Problemas Industria Del Gas y Petroquimica de Corrosión Por CO2 Parte 1. 2da Coho22 páginas
- Asfaltenos: Composición y Problemas en YacimientosAún no hay calificacionesAsfaltenos: Composición y Problemas en Yacimientos4 páginas
- Prevención de Riesgos en Plantas AsfálticasAún no hay calificacionesPrevención de Riesgos en Plantas Asfálticas38 páginas
- Características y Precipitación de AsfaltenosAún no hay calificacionesCaracterísticas y Precipitación de Asfaltenos8 páginas
- Obtención de Petróleo para AsfaltoAún no hay calificacionesObtención de Petróleo para Asfalto13 páginas
- Diplomado en Diseño de Pavimentos Flexibles100% (1)Diplomado en Diseño de Pavimentos Flexibles189 páginas
- Composición y Usos del Asfalto BaseAún no hay calificacionesComposición y Usos del Asfalto Base7 páginas
- Panorama del Downstream Petrolero en ArgentinaAún no hay calificacionesPanorama del Downstream Petrolero en Argentina17 páginas
- Dispersantes para asfaltenos en petróleoAún no hay calificacionesDispersantes para asfaltenos en petróleo10 páginas
- Practica # 1 Tercera Categoria Stander Mod Agosto 24Aún no hay calificacionesPractica # 1 Tercera Categoria Stander Mod Agosto 243 páginas
- Durabilidad y Selección de AsfaltosAún no hay calificacionesDurabilidad y Selección de Asfaltos41 páginas
- Mezclas Asfálticas de Última GeneraciónAún no hay calificacionesMezclas Asfálticas de Última Generación149 páginas
- Informe de Rendición de Cuentas IIGE 2021Aún no hay calificacionesInforme de Rendición de Cuentas IIGE 202153 páginas
- Objetivos del Plan Nación 2019-2025Aún no hay calificacionesObjetivos del Plan Nación 2019-20257 páginas
- Carta Invitación A Afiliarse - CONORCA 27102022Aún no hay calificacionesCarta Invitación A Afiliarse - CONORCA 271020226 páginas
- Diseño Eficiente de Perforación de PozosAún no hay calificacionesDiseño Eficiente de Perforación de Pozos349 páginas
- México y el Tercer Reich: Alianzas EstratégicasAún no hay calificacionesMéxico y el Tercer Reich: Alianzas Estratégicas16 páginas
- Formulario Instalación Gas DomiciliarioAún no hay calificacionesFormulario Instalación Gas Domiciliario1 página
- Líquidos Inflamables en IngenieríaAún no hay calificacionesLíquidos Inflamables en Ingeniería45 páginas
- Proyecto de Responsabilidad Social QuimicaAún no hay calificacionesProyecto de Responsabilidad Social Quimica6 páginas
- Elementos Clave de Cartografía GeológicaAún no hay calificacionesElementos Clave de Cartografía Geológica45 páginas
- Informe Unidad I II Crudos Pesados y ExtrapesadosAún no hay calificacionesInforme Unidad I II Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados14 páginas
- Fortalezas y Debilidades en Las Políticas Económicas de La 4ta RepublicaAún no hay calificacionesFortalezas y Debilidades en Las Políticas Económicas de La 4ta Republica17 páginas
- Origen del Petróleo: Teorías y ComposiciónAún no hay calificacionesOrigen del Petróleo: Teorías y Composición25 páginas
- Actividad 2. Organozador Gráfico, El Proceso Contractual en Materia EnergéticaAún no hay calificacionesActividad 2. Organozador Gráfico, El Proceso Contractual en Materia Energética5 páginas
- Ramirez, Carlos y Lugo, Patricia - Caracterizacion Geoquimica Del Nucleo 30F - 1X. Cuenca de Maracaibo, VenezuelaAún no hay calificacionesRamirez, Carlos y Lugo, Patricia - Caracterizacion Geoquimica Del Nucleo 30F - 1X. Cuenca de Maracaibo, Venezuela4 páginas
- Incidente de Uber en Bogotá: Opiniones de ConductoresAún no hay calificacionesIncidente de Uber en Bogotá: Opiniones de Conductores6 páginas
