has a job interview?
- I’ve never worked in
UNIT 2: a office.
• News and recent past events (that have an effect on
the present) often with a present result: EX:
they’ve just offered me the job (result= I’ve
Modern life got a job)// the interviews have already
finished- you’re too late (result=you can’t
have an interview) //She hasn’t called me
back yet (result= I’m still waiting to speak
1. Work to her)
2. Present Perfect and Past Simple
3. Technology We can use adverbs like: just, already and
4. Present Perfect simple and continuous yet.
5. Making suggestions
6. Word power: look (for, at, up, after,
• Unfinished states (when we want to talk about the
around, forward to) duration): EX: I’ve only had this phone for a
7. Sounding sympathetic or pleased week// we’ve lived in London since 2010.
8. Adding new information
9. EXTRA INFORMATION: STATE VERBS We can use for to give the duration or since
to give the start point.
1. VOCABULARY: Work
• APPLIED FOR (A JOB) contacted a PAST SIMPLE: we use it for:
company asking for a job. I haven’t applied for
• Completed past actions in a completed past time
many jobs in my life.
period: EX: she didn’t get the job// the
• CANDIDATES people who are trying to interviews finished five minutes ago//
get a job.
why did you miss the bus?.
• CAREER the jobs you do during your
• Or to talk about specific past events or give details
working life.
(e.g. when, where, etc).
• KNOWLEDGE the things you know from
experience or study.
We often use past time phrases like last
• EMPLOYEES people who work for a week, a few days ago, when I was a child.
company
• IN CHARGE OF responsible for PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE:
something or someone
• BUSINESS CONTACTS people you know We often introduce a topic with the
who might be able to help your career. present perfect and then change to the
• EMPLOYERS the people that you work past simple in the next sentence to talk
for. about details. EX: I’ve had lots of
• PRACTICAL SKILLS interviews. The last one was about three
• JOB INTERVIEW months ago- it was terrible.
• GRADES the results of your exams at
school or university. Don´t use the P.P when you describe an
• TEAM I´d prefer to be in charge of a team. action that happened at a particular
• CV a document which describes your time. Use a past tense instead: EX: they
education and the jobs you have done. left yesterday/at four o’clock/ ten
• LARGE ORGANISATION I would prefer to be minutes ago.
an employee in a large organisation.
3. VOCABULARY: technology
2. PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: we use it to talk • APP
about: • BROWSER Navegador
• ICON
• Experiences in our lifetime or another unfinished
time period: We can use adverbs like: ever, • TEXT MESSAGE
• USERNAME Nombre de usuario
never, three times, etc. EX: Had you ever
• SEND AND DELETE AN EMAIL
• DOWNLOAD AND SHARE A VIDEO
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• SHARE AND UPLOAD SOME PHOTOS
• INSTALL AND DOWNLOAD A NEW APP
• TURN OFF AND TURN ON A PHONE
• PRESS AND CLICK ON A BUTTON OR
ICON
• CONNECT TO AND BROWSE THE
INTERNET 6. WORD POWER: LOOK (FOR, AT, UP,
• TYPE AND CHANGE A PASSWORD AFTER, AROUND, FORWARD TO, OUT)
• LOOK FOR SOMETHING/SOMEONE: buscar algo/
4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND a alguien
CONTINUOUS: • LOOK AT SOMEONE/SOMETHING: mirar a
• Unfinished actions and states (duration): alguien/algo
- we use the P.P.S with state verbs. • LOOK (SOMETHING) UP: buscar algo
- we use the P.P.C with action verbs. • LOOK AFTER SOMEONE/SOMETHING: cuidar de
• Recent past actions with present results: alguien/algo
- we use the P.P.S when completing • LOOK AROUND (SOMEWHERE):mirar alrededor
an action has a result now. • LOOK FORWARD TO SOMETHING: esperar algo
EX:I´VE JUST FINISHED MY ESSAY (result • LOOK OUT: mirar fuera/tener cuidado
of finishing writing= I can relax, I can hand • LOOK + ADJECTIVE: mirar
in the work, etc.)
- we use the P.P.C when doing 7 .SOUNDING SYMPATHETIC OR
an activity has a result now PLEASED:
EX: I´M TIRED BECAUSE I´VE BEEN • Oh dear!
WRITING AN ESSAY (result of writing= I’m • Oh no, how awful!
tired) • That’s brilliant! I’m really glad to hear
• New habits and repeated actions: that.
- we use the P.P.C to describe repeat
activities which started recently. 8. ADDING NEW INFORMATION
EX: I´VE BEEN DOING A LOT OF EXERCISE • IN ADDITION TO: we use it in more
LATELY (in the past I didn’t do much formal writing.
exercise) • APART FROM and BESIDES: after that,
** HAS/HAVE NEVER HAD // HASN´T/ we use -ing form or a noun// they can
HAVEN´T EVER HAD.** mean “as well as” or “except for”
• We use them at the beginning of a
+++++ TIP +++++ sentence.
SOME VERBS SUCH AS WORK, LIVE CAN BE USED • In the other part of the sentence, we can
AS ACTION VERBS OR STATE VERBS WITH NO use also to emphasize that we are adding
IMPORTANT CHANGE OF MEANING: EX: how information.
long have you worked here?/ how long have
you been working here?
5. MAKING SUGGESTIONS
• I will give it a try (le daré una
oportunidad)
• That’s worth a try (merece la pena
intentarlo)
• Yes, why not?
• That’s a great idea.
9. EXTRA INFORMATION: STATE VERBS:
generally fall into 4 groups:
- Emotion: love, hate, want, need.
- Sense: see, hear, smell, seem.
- Thought: know, believe, remember.
- Possession: have, own, want, belong
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