1) A temperatura ambiente (20°C) hay un espacio de 0.
5 mm entre los extremos de las varillas
mostradas en la figura. Posteriormente, cuando la temperatura alcanza 140°C, determine a) el
esfuerzo normal en la varilla de aluminio, b) el cambio de longitud de la varilla de aluminio.
DATOS:
Ti ≔ 20 C Tf ≔ 140 C ΔT ≔ ⎛⎝Tf - Ti⎞⎠
Aal ≔ 2000 mm 2 Aai ≔ 800 mm 2
Eal ≔ 75 GPa Eai ≔ 190 GPa
23 ⋅ 10 -6 17.3 ⋅ 10 -6
αal ≔ ――― αai ≔ ――――
C C
Lal ≔ 300 mm Lai ≔ 250 mm
δT_al ＝ αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal ΔT ≔ ⎛⎝Tf - Ti⎞⎠ = 120 C
δT_al ≔ αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal = 0.828 mm δT_ai ≔ αai ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lai = 0.519 mm
Pal ⋅ Lal Pai ⋅ Lai Por la condición del problema.
δR_al ＝ ――― δR_ai ＝ ――― Pal ＝ Pai ＝ RB
Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai
δT_al + δR_al + δT_ai + δR_ai ＝ 0.5 mm
((1))
Pal ⋅ Lal Pai ⋅ Lai
αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal + ――― + αai ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lai + ――― ＝ 0.5 mm
Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai
((2))
RB ⋅ Lal RB ⋅ Lai
αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal + ――― + αai ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lai + ――― ＝ 0.5 mm
Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai
((3))
RB ⋅ Lal RB ⋅ Lai
――― + ――― + αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal + αai ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lai ＝ 0.5 mm
Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai
((4))
⎛ RB ⋅ Lal RB ⋅ Lai ⎞
⎜――― + ――― ⎟ + ⎛⎝αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal + αai ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lai⎞⎠ ＝ 0.5 mm
⎝ Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai ⎠
((5)) ⎛ Lal Lai ⎞
RB ⋅ ⎜――― + ――― ⎟ + ΔT ⋅ ⎛⎝αal ⋅ Lal + αai ⋅ Lai⎞⎠ ＝ 0.5 mm
A ⋅ E
⎝ al al A ai ⋅ E ai ⎠
⎛ Lal Lai ⎞
((6)) RB ⋅ ⎜――― + ――― ⎟ ＝ 0.5 mm - ΔT ⋅ ⎛⎝αal ⋅ Lal + αai ⋅ Lai⎞⎠
⎝ Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai ⎠
((7)) ⎛⎝0.5 mm - ΔT ⋅ ⎛⎝αal ⋅ Lal + αai ⋅ Lai⎞⎠⎞⎠
RB ＝ ―――――――――――
⎛ Lal Lai ⎞
⎜――― + ――― ⎟
⎝ Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai ⎠
((8)) ⎛⎝0.5 mm - ΔT ⋅ ⎛⎝αal ⋅ Lal + αai ⋅ Lai⎞⎠⎞⎠
RB ≔ ―――――――――――= -232.39 kN
⎛ Lal Lai ⎞
⎜――― + ――― ⎟
⎝ Aal ⋅ Eal Aai ⋅ Eai ⎠
Determine: el esfuerzo normal en la varilla de aluminio
RB RB Al resultado ser (-), el
σal ＝ ―― σal ≔ ―― = -116.195 MPa esfuerzo será de compresión
Aal Aal
Determine: el cambio de longitud de la varilla de aluminio.
RB ⋅ Lal
δT_al ≔ αal ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Lal = 0.828 mm δR_al ≔ ――― = -0.465 mm
Aal ⋅ Eal
δT_al + δR_al = 0.363 mm Lal = 300 mm
Lal + δT_al + δR_al = 300.363 mm
