Document No.

: 1009

Safety Management System Manual

Issue 03, Date: 03 Sep 2020
Revision 1, 09 Jun 2021

Corporate Safety and Quality. All rights reserved

by Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd.
 SMS MANUAL Issue: 03
osiman CHAPTER 0 Date: 03 Sep 2020
BANGLADESH AIRLINES Revision: 01
GENERAL
Date: 09 Jun 2021

FOREWORD
Biman Bangladesh Airlines assigns high priority to maintaining safety. An important step towards managing
and improving aviation safety is the implementation of an effective and dynamic Safety Management System
(SMS). This manual provides policies, processes, procedures, structure and responsibilities regarding the
functioning of the SMS, incorporating all necessary components and elements as required by ICAO Doc 9859
Safety Management Manual. The manual is developed in compliance with the State requirements stated in

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• Civil Aviation Rule, 1984: Rule 123,
• CAAB ANO Part 145: 145.A.65 (d) and Appendix V
• CAAB ANO on ground handling service, 2018: Provision 17.6

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The Managing Director & CEO is the Accountable Manager of SMS and retains the overall accountability,

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responsibility, and control of SMS activities. General Manager, Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ) is the SMS
manager and functions on behalf of the Accountable Manager. CSQ division operates independently, reporting
directly to the Accountable Manager to ensure continuous compliance by operational disciplines regarding SMS.
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Along with the SMS responsibilities, CSQ division is also responsible for Quality Assurance Program and Flight
Data Monitoring Program. The integration of these three management functions under the same umbrella
creates greater synergy and enhances effectiveness.
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Issue 3 of the manual .was published in response to new and amended requirements of ICAO Annex 19, Edition
2 and ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management Manual, Edition 4. This 1 st revision to the 3rd issue is to:
• incorporate changes to safety policy and management commitment envisaged by the newly
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appointed MD & CEO;

• address the newly introduced online documents system in Biman. perceived to address the policy;
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• adopt e-nothi system (https://bimanairlines.nothi.gov.bd/) as one of the means of safety

communication.
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The SMS stated in the manual addresses aviation safety-related processes, procedures and activities; and does
not address occupational safety, environmental protection or other non-aviation-related safety activities.
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All Directors and heads of all divisions/departments/units ensure strict adherence to the policies, standards,
processes and procedures stipulated in this manual.
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This manual is a living document and will be reviewed and revised at periodic intervals to take into account
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changes in regulations and feedback from the organization and the industry.
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Dr. Abu Saleh Mostafa Kamal

Managing Director and CEO

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 0: GENERAL
FOREWORD................................................................................................................... I
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. II
DISTRIBUTION LIST .................................................................................................... VI

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REVISION HIGHLIGHTS ............................................................................................. VII
RECORD OF REVISIONS .......................................................................................... VIII

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES (LEP) ............................................................................ IX
ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... XI

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DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................. XII

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

1.0
1.1
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Purpose....................................................................................................................... 1.2
Manual Structure......................................................................................................... 1.2
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1.2 SMS Authority ............................................................................................................. 1.2
1.3 Manual Responsibility ................................................................................................. 1.2
1.4 Manual Control............................................................................................................ 1.2
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1.5 SMS Documentation ................................................................................................... 1.3

1.6 Applicability ................................................................................................................. 1.3
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CHAPTER 02: POLICY AND OBJECTIVES

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2.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 2.2

2.1 Safety Policy Statement ............................................................................................. 2.2
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2.2 Management Commitment .......................................................................................... 2.2

2.3 Safety Goal ................................................................................................................. 2.3
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2.4 SMS Objectives .......................................................................................................... 2.3

2.5 SMS Requirements ..................................................................................................... 2.3
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2.6 Basic Safety Process .................................................................................................. 2.4

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2.7 SMS Scope ................................................................................................................. 2.4

2.8 OSHE .......................................................................................................................... 2.4
2.9 SMS Stakeholders ...................................................................................................... 2.5
2.10 Coordination with ERP ................................................................................................ 2.5
2.11 Management of Safety Information ............................................................................. 2.5
2.12 Safety Communication ................................................................................................ 2.5
2.13 Integration of SMS and QA ......................................................................................... 2.6
2.14 Subcontracted Activities .............................................................................................. 2.6
2.15 Control of Documents and Records ............................................................................ 2.6

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CHAPTER 03: KEY PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 3.2
3.1 Managing Director & CEO – the Accountable Manager .............................................. 3.2
3.2 Functional Chart .......................................................................................................... 3.2
3.3 Safety and Quality Review Committee (SQRC) .......................................................... 3.4
3.4 Executive Directors’ and Line Managers ..................................................................... 3.5
3.5 Safety Action Group (SAG) ......................................................................................... 3.6

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3.6 Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ)........................................................................... 3.7
3.7 The SMS Manager ...................................................................................................... 3.8
3.8 Responsibilities of Operational Personnel................................................................... 3.9
3.9 Work Flow and Communication ..................................................................................3..9

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CHAPTER 04: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
4.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 4.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
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Hazard, Unsafe Event and Consequence ................................................................... 4.2
Hazard Identification Triggers ..................................................................................... 4.2
Who to Identify Hazards .............................................................................................. 4.3
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4.4 Scope of Hazards ....................................................................................................... 4.3
4.5 Aviation Safety and OHSE .......................................................................................... 4.3
4.6 Hazard Identification Methodologies and Sources ...................................................... 4.4
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4.7 Guidelines on Hazard Analysis ................................................................................... 4.4

4.8 Recording.................................................................................................................... 4.6
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4.9 Supervision and Monitoring......................................................................................... 4.6

CHAPTER 05: SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

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5.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 5.2

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5.2 SRM Responsibilities .................................................................................................. 5.2

5.3 SRM Process .............................................................................................................. 5.2
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5.4 Safety Risk Probability ................................................................................................ 5.3

5.5 Safety Risk Severity .................................................................................................... 5.3
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5.6 Cost of Accident/Incident ............................................................................................ 5.5

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5.7 Safety Risk Assessment ............................................................................................. 5.6

5.8 Safety Risk Tolerability................................................................................................ 5.6
5.9 Risk Control/Mitigation ................................................................................................ 5.7
5.10 Mitigation Strategy ...................................................................................................... 5.7
5.11 Evaluation of Mitigation/Control .................................................................................. 5.7
5.12 Accepting Mitigation/Control ....................................................................................... 5.8
5.14 Recording.................................................................................................................. 5.10
5.15 Supervision and Monitoring........................................................................................5.10

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CHAPTER 06: SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE

6.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 6.2
6.1 Explanatory Notes....................................................................................................... 6.2
6.2 Safety Risk Management – form SMS/SRM1 ............................................................. 6.3
6.3 Report Analysis and Risk Management – form SMS/SRM2 ....................................... 6.4
6.4 Other Risk Assessment procedure ............................................................................. 6.5
6.5 HIRM Master Register ................................................................................................ 6.5

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CHAPTER 07: SAFETY ASSURANCE
7.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 7.2

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7.1 Elements of Safety Assurance .................................................................................... 7.2
7.2 Safety Performance Monitoring and Measurement ..................................................... 7.2

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7.3 Management of Change.............................................................................................. 7.6
7.4 Continuous Improvements of SMS ............................................................................. 7.8

CHAPTER 08: SMS TRAINING PROGRAM

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8.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 8.2
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8.1 Training Responsibilities ............................................................................................. 8.2
8.2 SMS courses............................................................................................................... 8.2
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8.3 Safety Management Systems (SMS-1) course ........................................................... 8.3

8.4 Safety Management Systems (SMS-2) course ........................................................... 8.4
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8.5 SMS Awareness course (SMS-3) ............................................................................... 8.5

8.6 SMS Reporting System (SMS-4) ................................................................................ 8.6
8.7 SMS for Senior Management (SMS-SM) .................................................................... 8.7
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8.8 Hazard Identification and Risk Management (HIRM) .................................................. 8.7

8.9 Recurrent Training ...................................................................................................... 8.9
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8.10 Instructor Qualification: ............................................................................................. 8.11

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8.11 Training services to other organization: .....................................................................8.11

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CHAPTER 09: CONFIDENTIAL REPORTING SYSTEM

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9.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 9.2

9.1 Safety Reporting Policy: .............................................................................................. 9.2
9.2 CRS Objectives: .......................................................................................................... 9.2
9.3 Who to report .............................................................................................................. 9.3
9.4 What to report ............................................................................................................. 9.3
9.5 How to report .............................................................................................................. 9.3
9.6 Getting people involved .............................................................................................. 9.4
9.7 Report Processing and Analysis ................................................................................. 9.4

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CHAPTER 10: FLIGHT SAFETY DOCUMENTS SYSTEM

10.0 Purpose..................................................................................................................... 10.2
10.1 Compliance and Conformity ...................................................................................... 10.2
10.2 Scope of Flight Safety Documents System ............................................................... 10.2
10.3 Organization of Flight Safety Documents .................................................................. 10.3
10.4 Documentation Requirements................................................................................... 10.5
10.5 Controlled Document ................................................................................................ 10.5

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10.6 Document Identification and Control ......................................................................... 10.6
10.7 Documents Authority and Responsibility ................................................................... 10.7
10.8 Manual Preparation/Review/Update Procedure ........................................................ 10.7

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10.9 Approval Procedure .................................................................................................. 10.7

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10.10 Distribution Procedure .............................................................................................. 10.8
10.11 Manual Design .......................................................................................................... 10.8

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10.12 Formatting and Style ................................................................................................. 10.1
10.13 Retention Procedure ............................................................................................... 10.10
10.14 Obsolete/Reproduced Documents .......................................................................... 10.11
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10.15 External Documents/Data ....................................................................................... 10.11
10.16 Control of Loose Documents....................................................................................10.11
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX - A SMS/SRM1 Safety Risk Management form

APPENDIX - B Discipline and Sub-Discipline Code for SMS
APPENDIX - C Cover Page of the Manual
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APPENDIX - D Title Page of the Manual

APPENDIX - E Content Page of the Manual
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APPENDIX - F Safety Reporting Form (English)

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APPENDIX - G Safety Reporting Form (Bengali)

APPENDIX - H Safety Reporting Form (onboard)
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DISTRIBUTION LIST

Hardcopy (Paper Copy)

The hardcopy manual will only be distributed only to the following individuals/offices:
1. Managing Director & CEO
2. Member Flight Standards & Regulation, CAAB

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3. POI - Biman, CAAB HQ, Dhaka
4. CSQ Office

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Electronic Copy

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The electronic copy of the manual (.pdf format) will be uploaded in Biman online documents system
(http://bimandocs.com). Biman employees will have access to the manual within Biman intranet.

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Note: SMS manuals distributed through emails or other channels are not controlled copy and may not be
updated when the manual is changed/amended.
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REVISION HIGHLIGHTS

Page
Chapter Reason for Revision
No.
The change in “FOREWORD” has been done to include
the revision changes reason and new MD & CEO’s

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00-General I
signature

The change has been done to revise name of three

00-General II
sections of chapter 02.

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The change has been done to amend the distribution list
00-General VI
of both hardcopy and electronic copy.

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Revision highlights has been included which reflect the
00-General VII
changes briefly.

00-General

00-General
VIII

IX-X
change.ED
Record of revisions page has been updated to reflect

LEP has been amended to reflect the revision changes.

This change has been done to update the elements of
01-Introduction 1.3
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safety documentation system.
The change has been done to revise name of three
02-Policy and Objectives 2.1
sections of chapter 02.
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The change has been done to amend the safety policy

02-Policy and Objectives 2.2 and management commitment, advised by the newly
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appointed Managing Director and CEO.

The change has been made to make the reference for the
02-Policy and Objectives 2.5
emergency response plan more specific.
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Safety communication initiative has been updated to

02-Policy and Objectives 2.6
include “E-Nothi” and other channels.
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The change has been made to include implementation of

10-Safety Documentation System 10.5
online documentation
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The distribution procedure has been made more specific

10-Safety Documentation System 10.8
and elaborate incorporating online documents system.
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RECORD OF REVISIONS

Issue/Revision Number Date of Issue/Revision

Issue 01 01 July 2013

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Issue 02 13 August 2015
Issue 02, Rev 01 27 February 2018
Issue 02, Rev 02 03 September 2019

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Issue 02, Rev 03 16 January 2020
Issue 03 03 September 2020

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Issue 03, Rev 01 09 Jun 2021

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES (LEP)

PAGE ISSUE REV DATE PAGE ISSUE REV DATE

CHAPTER 00 CHAPTER 05
GENERAL SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT
I 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020
II 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020

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III 03 0 03 Sep 2020 5.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020
IV 03 0 03 Sep 2020 5.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020
V 03 0 03 Sep 2020 5.5 03 0 03 Sep 2020
VI 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.6 03 0 03 Sep 2020

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VII 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.7 03 0 03 Sep 2020
VIII 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.8 03 0 03 Sep 2020

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IX 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.9 03 0 03 Sep 2020
X 03 1 09 Jun 2021 5.10 03 0 03 Sep 2020
XI 03 0 03 Sep 2020 CHAPTER 06
XII 03 0 03 Sep 2020 SRM PROCEDURE
XIII 03 0
CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION
03 Sep 2020 ED 6.1
6.2
6.3
03
03
03
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0
03 Sep 2020
03 Sep 2020
03 Sep 2020
1.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020 6.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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1.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020 6.5 03 0 03 Sep 2020
1.3 03 1 09 Jun 2021 CHAPTER 07
CHAPTER 02 SAFETY ASSURANCE
SAFETY POLICY & OBJECTIVES 7.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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2.1 03 1 09 Jun 2021 7.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020

2.2 03 1 09 Jun 2021 7.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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2.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020 7.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020

2.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020 7.5 03 0 03 Sep 2020
2.5 03 1 09 Jun 2021 7.6 03 0 03 Sep 2020
2.6 03 1 09 Jun 2021 7.7 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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CHAPTER 03 7.8 03 0 03 Sep 2020

KEY PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITY CHAPTER 08
3.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020 SMS TRAINING PROGRAM
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3.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020

3.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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3.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020

3.5 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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3.6 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.5 03 0 03 Sep 2020

3.7 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.6 03 0 03 Sep 2020
3.8 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.7 03 0 03 Sep 2020
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3.9 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.8 03 0 03 Sep 2020

3.10 03 0 03 Sep 2020 8.9 03 0 03 Sep 2020
CHAPTER 04 8.10 03 0 03 Sep 2020
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 8.11 03 0 03 Sep 2020
4.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020 CHAPTER 09
4.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020 CONFIDENTIAL REPORTING SYSTEM (CRS)
4.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020 9.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020
4.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020 9.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020
4.5 03 0 03 Sep 2020 9.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020
4.6 03 0 03 Sep 2020 9.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020

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List of Effective Pages (LEP)

PAGE ISSUE REV DATE

PAGE ISSUE REV DATE APPENDICES
CHAPTER 10 A 03 0 03 Sep 2020
FLIGHT SAFETY DOCUMENTS SYSTEM B 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.1 03 0 03 Sep 2020 C 03 0 03 Sep 2020

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10.2 03 0 03 Sep 2020 D 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.3 03 0 03 Sep 2020 E 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.4 03 0 03 Sep 2020 F 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.5 03 1 09 Jun 2021 G 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.6 03 0 03 Sep 2020

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H 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.7 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.8 03 1 09 Jun 2021

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10.9 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.10 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.11 03 0 03 Sep 2020
10.12
10.13
10.14
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03
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03 Sep 2020
03 Sep 2020
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ABBREVIATIONS
(used in this manual)

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable

ALoSP Acceptable Level of Safety Performance
ANO Air Navigation Orders
AOC Air Operator Certificate

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ASR Air Safety Report
ATS Air Traffic Services
BATC Bangladesh Airlines Training Centre

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CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency

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ERP Emergency Response Plan
FDA Flight Data Analysis
FDM
FDR
Flight Data Monitoring
Flight Data Recorder
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GSE Ground Support Equipment
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HIRM Hazard Identification and Risk Management
IOSA IATA Operational Safety Audit
LEP List of Effective Pages
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QA Quality Assurance
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QC Quality Control
QMS Quality Management System
SA Safety Assurance
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SAG Safety Action Group

SARPs Standards and Recommended Practices (ICAO)
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SeMS Security Management System

SMS Safety Management Systems
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SMSM Safety Management Systems Manual

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SOP Standard Operating Procedures

SQRC Safety and Quality Review Committee
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SRB Safety Review Board

SRM Safety Risk Management
SSP State Safety Program

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DEFINITIONS

When the following terms are used in the manual, they have the meanings indicated below.

Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which, in the case of a manned aircraft,
takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as
all such persons have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the

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time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time as it comes to rest at the end
of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which:
a. a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:
 being in the aircraft, or

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 direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached
from the aircraft, or

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 direct exposure to jet blast,
except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or

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when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the

b. the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:

 adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the
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aircraft, and
 would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component,
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except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to a single engine, (including its
cowlings or accessories), to propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels,
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fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens, the aircraft skin (such as small dents or
puncture holes), or for minor damages to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, landing gear, and
those resulting from hail or bird strike (including holes in the radome); or
c. the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.
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Note 1: For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date of the
accident is classified, by ICAO, as a fatal injury.
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Note 2: An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated and the
wreckage has not been located.
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Note 3: The type of unmanned aircraft system to be investigated is addressed in 5.1 of ICAO Annex
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13.
Note 4: Guidance for the determination of aircraft damage can be found in Attachment E of ICAO
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Annex 13.
Accountable executive. A single, identifiable person having responsibility for the effective and efficient
performance of the service provider’s SMS. In Biman, we use the term ‘Accountable Manager’ instead
of Accountable Executive. MD & CEO is the Accountable Manager of Biman SMS

Hazard. A condition or an object with the potential to cause or contribute to an aircraft incident or accident.
Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or
could affect the safety of operation.
Note: The types of incidents which are of interest for safety-related studies include the incidents listed
in ICAO Annex 13, Attachment C.

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Safety. The state in which risks associated with aviation activities, related to, or in direct support of the
operation of aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an acceptable level.
Safety data. A defined set of facts or set of safety values collected from various aviation-related sources,
which is used to maintain or improve safety.
Safety objective. A brief, high-level statement of safety achievement or desired outcome to be accomplished
by the State safety programme or service provider’s safety management system.
Safety performance. A State or a service provider’s safety achievement as defined by its safety performance
targets and safety performance indicators.

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Safety performance indicator. A data-based parameter used for monitoring and assessing safety
performance.
Safety performance target. The State or service provider’s planned or intended target for a safety

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performance indicator over a given period that aligns with the safety objectives.
Safety risk. The predicted probability and severity of the consequences or outcomes of a hazard.

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Serious injury. An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which:
 requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the
date the injury was received; or
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 results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or
 involves lacerations which cause severe hemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage;
or
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 involves injury to any internal organ; or
 involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent of the
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body surface; or
 involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation.
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CHAPTER 01

INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1.0 Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 1.2
1.1 Manual Structure ..................................................................................................................... 1.2
1.2 SMS Authority ......................................................................................................................... 1.2

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1.3 Manual Responsibility ............................................................................................................. 1.2

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1.4 Manual Control ........................................................................................................................ 1.2
1.5 SMS Documentation................................................................................................................ 1.3
1.6
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Applicability ............................................................................................................................ 1.3
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CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION

1.0 Purpose
1.0.1 The purpose of this manual is to present Biman’s SMS with all of its components, elements,
policies, processes and procedures. This also provides guidance on how to implement and
maintain SMS and how to improve continually the SMS.

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1.0.2 The manual is prepared in accordance with documentation management and control policy of
Biman Bangladesh Airlines.
1.0.3 The manual is in conformity with the CAAB ANO (OPS) H-2: Flight Safety Documents System

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and is produced and maintained in accordance with article 5.5 of this ANO.
1.0.4 This chapter of the manual presents overview to the manual, manual control, SMS documentation

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system, manual authorities, responsibilities etc.

1.1 Manual Structure

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1.1.1 The SMS Manual is organized including following 10 chapters:
Chapter 01: Introduction
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Chapter 02: Safety Policy and Objectives
Chapter 03: Key Personnel and responsibility
Chapter 04: Hazard Identification
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Chapter 05: Safety Risk Management (SRM)

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Chapter 06: Safety Risk Management (SRM) Procedure

Chapter 07: Safety Assurance
Chapter 08: SMS Training Program
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Chapter 09: Confidential Reporting System (CRS)

Chapter 10: Flight Safety Documents System
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Appendices
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1.2 SMS Authority

1.2.1 The Safety Management Systems (SMS) and Safety Management System Manual (SMSM) are
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under the full authority of the Managing Director & CEO of Biman Bangladesh Airlines. SMS
Manager is the custodian of the SMS Manual.

1.3 Manual Responsibility

1.3.1 The SMS Manager is responsible for revision, distribution, retention and approval of the Manual.

1.4 Manual Control

1.4.1 The control of the manual is in accordance with Biman Documentation Management and Control
policy and procedures as stated in Chapter 10 of this manual.
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1.5 SMS Documentation

1.5.1 SMS documentation system comprises the followings:
a. This manual along with all forms, reporting systems and records referenced in the manual
b. Civil Aviation Rules, 1984
c. CAAB ANO Part 145
d. CAAB ANO on ground handling services, 2018
e. Corporate Policy Manual

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f. Flight Safety Manual
g. CAAB ANO (OPS) H-2: Flight Safety Documents System
h. ICAO Annex 19

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i. ICAO DOC 9859 Safety Management Manual
j. IOSA Standards Manual (ISM)

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k. Operating procedures of different operational disciplines
l. Forms, notices, circulars related to SMS published as and when required

1.6 Applicability
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1.6.1 This SMSM is the property of Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd. and applies to the organization as a
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holder of AOC, AMO and ground services provider.
1.6.2 Reproduction and/or copy of this manual and/or a portion thereof in the form electronic or
mechanical, by any individual or organization outside Biman, is strictly restricted.
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CHAPTER 02

SAFETY POLICY AND OBJECTIVES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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2.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 2.2
2.1 Safety Policy Statement ..................................................................................................................... 2.2
2.2 Management Commitment .................................................................................................................. 2.2

O
2.3 Safety Goal.......................................................................................................................................... 2.3
2.4 SMS Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 2.3

C
2.5 SMS Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 2.3
2.6 Basic Safety Process .......................................................................................................................... 2.4
2.7 SMS Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 2.4
2.8
2.9
ED
OSHE .................................................................................................................................................. 2.4
SMS Stakeholders............................................................................................................................... 2.5
2.10 Coordination with ERP ........................................................................................................................ 2.5
LL
2.11 Management of Safety Information ..................................................................................................... 2.5
2.12 Safety Communication ........................................................................................................................ 2.5
O

2.13 Integration of SMS and QA ................................................................................................................. 2.6

2.14 Subcontracted Activities ...................................................................................................................... 2.6
TR

2.15 Control of Documents and Records .................................................................................................... 2.6

N
O
C
N
U

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oBiman
BANGLADESH AIRLINES CHAPTER 02
Date: 03 Sep 2020
Revision: 01
SAFETY POLICY AND OBJECTIVES Date: 09 Jun 2021

CHAPTER02
SAFETY POLICY AND OBJECTIVES

2.0 Purpose
2.0.1 This chapter provides the overall policy and objectives of corporate safety under Safety
Management Systems of Biman Bangladesh Airlines Limited.
2.0.2 The policies, processes, procedures, guidelines, etc. described throughout the manual are to

PY
achieve safety policy and objectives stated in this chapter.

2.1 Safety Policy Statement

O
Biman Bangladesh Airlines assigns first priority to safety and is committed to implementing, developing
and improving strategies and systems to uphold the highest level of safety performance and meet the

C
national as well as international standards.

2.2 Management Commitment

Our commitment is to:
ED
■ comply with all applicable regulations and standards of the organization;
LL
■ continuously improve the level of safety and operational performance;
■ communicate safety policy with visible endorsement throughout the organization;
■
O

periodically review the safety policy to ensure it remains relevant and appropriate;
■ provide necessary resources for implementation of safety policy;
TR

• promote and maintain a positive safety culture within the organization;

• promote safety awareness through training and communication;
■ encourage non-punitive safety reporting system;
N

■ ensure management of operational safety risks;

■ ensure that safety policy is understood, implemented and maintained at all levels;
O

■ ensure that safety is a primary responsibility of managers at all levels;

■
C

ensure sufficient skilled and trained human resources to implement safety strategies and
processes;
N

■ ensure that externally supplied systems and services are received meeting existing safety
standards;
U

■ ensure that no disciplinary action is taken against an employee who discloses a safety concern or
involved in active failure, unless such disclosure or failure indicate, beyond any reasonable doubt,
an illegal act, gross negligence, or a deliberate or willful disregard (rule-breaking) of regulations or
procedures.

Dr. Abu Saleh Mostafa Kamal

Managing Director & CEO

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2.3 Safety Goal

The goal of SMS is to reduce the number of accidents and incidents through a balanced and viable
allocation of resources.

2.4 SMS Objectives

2.4.1 Taking into consideration the safety policy, safety objectives are established to define what Biman
intends to achieve in respect of safety.

PY
2.4.2 The safety objectives are set and amended by the senior management and signed by the MD &
CEO.

2.4.3 Characteristics and requirements of Safety Objectives:

O
a. Short and high-level statement of organization’s safety priorities

C
b. Reviewed in safety review meetings at least once a year
c. Based on past and present data, and focused on future improvement

ED
d. A carefully selected set of statements/objectives based on which safety performance
indicators (SPIs) and safety performance targets (SPTs) are established.
2.4.4 Safety objectives may be:
LL
a. process-oriented: stated in terms of safe behaviors expected from operational personnel
or the performance of actions implemented by the organization to manage safety risk; or
b. outcome-oriented: encompass actions and trends regarding containment of accidents or
O

operational losses.
The suite of safety objectives should include a mix of both process-oriented and outcome-
TR

oriented objectives to provide enough coverage and direction for the SPIs and SPTs.

2.4.5 Safety objectives on their own do not have to be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable,
relevant and time-bound), rather a particular objective and its associated SPI and SPT together
N

has to be SMART
O

2.5 SMS Requirements

The SMS is comprised of the following activities and programs:
C

1. Safety policy and objectives

N

1.1 Management commitment and responsibility (details in provision 2.2.2 and Chapter 3)
U

1.2 Safety accountabilities (details in Chapter 3)

1.3 Appointment of key safety personnel (details in Chapter 3)
1.4 Coordination of emergency response plan (details in provision 2.10)
1.5 SMS documentation (details in provision 1.5 )

2. Safety risk management

2.1 Hazard identification (details in Chapter 4)
2.2 Safety risk assessment and mitigation (details in Chapter 5 & 6)

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3. Safety assurance
3.1 Safety performance monitoring and measurement (details in Chapter 7)
3.2 The management of change (details in Chapter 7)
3.3 Continuous improvement of the SMS (details in Chapter 7)

4. Safety promotion
4.1 Training and education (details in Chapter 8)

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4.2 Safety communication (details in provision 2.12)

2.6 Basic Safety Process

O
2.6.1 The basic safety process in SMS approach is accomplished in five steps:

C
a. A safety issue or concern is raised and hazards are identified;
b. The concern or event is reported or brought to the attention of management;

ED
c. The event, hazard, or issue is analyzed to determine its root cause or source;
d. Corrective action, control or mitigation is developed and implemented;
e. The corrective action is evaluated to make sure it is effective. If the safety issue is resolved,
LL
the action can be documented and the safety enhancement maintained. If the problem or
issue is not resolved, it should be re-analyzed until it is resolved.
O

2.7 SMS Scope

2.7.1 The scope of Biman SMS directly includes the following operational areas:
TR

a. Flight Operations and Flight Dispatch

b. Engineering and Material management
N

c. Cabbin operations/Flight Services

d. Airport Services (APS) and Ground Support Equipment (GSE)
O

e. Cargo Operations
f. Flight Safety
C

g. Engineering Quality Assurance

N

h. Corporate Safety and Quality

U

2.7.2 The scope of an SMS indirectly includes, as appropriate and relevant to service delivery, other
organizational activities that support operational activities, such as: Finance, Organization &
Method, Human Resources, Corporate Planning, Project & Works, Motor Transport, IT division,
Security, Stores and Purchase, Bangladesh Airlines Training Center, Biman Flight Catering Center.

2.8 OSHE
Any hazard that can have an impact (whether directly or indirectly) on the operational safety of aircraft or
aviation safety-related equipment, products and services is deemed pertinent to SMS. A hazard having
purely OSHE (Occupational Safety, Health and Environment) consequences (i.e. without any impact on
aviation safety) with no impact on aviation safety are not pertinent to an aviation SMS, and is outside the
scope of SMS stated in this manual.
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2.9 SMS Stakeholders

Biman SMS stakeholders are Biman employees, CAAB, IATA, EASA Passengers, Customer airlines,
Subcontractors/suppliers, General public, other CAAs where Biman operates.

2.10 Coordination with ERP

2.10.1 Activities within the SMS are continual and ongoing; whereas, an emergency is a sudden,
unplanned situation or event requiring immediate action. Coordination of emergency response
planning refers to planning for activities that take place within a limited period of time during an

PY
unplanned aviation operational emergency situation. Biman emergency response plan (ERP) stated
in Emergency Response Manual (ERM) is an integral component of Biman’s Safety Risk
Management (SRM) process to address aviation-related emergencies.

O
2.10.2 When there is a possibility of aviation operations or activities being compromised by emergencies
such as a pandemic or public health emergency, these scenarios are addressed in its ERP as

C
appropriate. The ERP addresses foreseeable emergencies as identified through the SMS and
include mitigating actions, processes and controls to effectively manage aviation-related
emergencies.
ED
2.10.3 Biman ensures that the ERP activities do not adversely affect SMS activities and is complementary
to each other.
LL
2.11 Management of Safety Information
2.11.1 Quality safety data are the lifeblood of safety management. Effective safety management is “data
driven”. Information collected from operational and maintenance reports, safety reports, audits,
O

evaluations of work practices, etc., generate a lot of data – although not all of it is relevant for safety
management. A system is established in this manual to collect safety-related information from these
TR

data.

2.11.2 For effective safety management functions (such as trend monitoring, risk assessment, cost-benefit
analyses and occurrence investigations) the SMS manager establishes and maintains a safety
N

database.
O

2.11.3 The establishment and maintenance of a safety database provide an essential tool for corporate
managers, safety managers and regulatory authorities monitoring system safety issues.
C

2.11.4 The SMS manager establishes a safety library for storage of all documents and records related to
safety.
N

2.12 Safety Communication

U

2.12.1 Biman communicates the organization’s SMS objectives and procedures to all operational
personnel. The SMS manager regularly communicates information regarding the safety
performance trends and specific safety issues through bulletins and briefings. The SMS manager
ensures that lessons learned from investigations and case histories or experiences, both internally
and from other organizations, are distributed widely. To make safety performance more efficient,
operational personnel are actively encouraged to identify and report hazards (chapter 9).

2.12.2 Safety communication therefore aims to:

 ensure that staff are fully aware of the SMS;

 convey safety-critical information

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 raise awareness of corrective actions; and

 provide information regarding new or amended safety procedures.
2.12.3 Biman communication initiatives include:

 dissemination of the SMS manual;

 training to all operational staff as in chapter 8;
 safety/quality e-newsletter is published twice a year,
 safety notices and bulletins and posters; and

PY
 e-nothi system (https://bimanairlines.nothi.gov.bd/);
 Review meetings, SAG meetings, monthly coordination meetings, briefing;
 emails, Whatsapp.

O
2.13 Integration of SMS and QA:

C
2.13.1 Biman Quality Assurance Program (QAP) and SMS are complementary. QAP is focused on
compliance with prescriptive regulations, IOSA and other requirements and contractual obligations
ED
while the SMS is focused on safety performance. The objectives of an SMS are to identify safety-
related hazards, assess the associated risk and implement effective risk controls.

2.13.2 SMS and QAP utilize similar tools. Safety and quality practitioners are essentially focused on the
LL
same goal of providing safe and reliable products and services to customers. Both quality and safety
practitioners are trained on various analysis methods including root-cause analysis and statistical
trending analysis. The QAP staff must have the proper understanding of SMS components and
O

elements.

2.13.3 The relationship between SMS and QAP leads to the complementary contributions of each system
TR

to the attainment of the organization’s safety and quality goals.

2.13.4 Given the complementary aspects of SMS and QAP, Biman establishes a synergistic relationship
between both systems that can be summarized as follows:
N

a. Biman SMS and QAP are under the same umbrella, Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ).
Head of CSQ discipline is both the SMS manager and quality manager.
O

b. Biman SMS is supported by QAP processes such as auditing, inspection, investigation, root
C

cause analysis, process design, statistical analysis and preventive measures;

c. QAP may anticipate safety issues that exist despite the organization’s compliance with
N

standards and specifications; and

d. quality principles, policies and practices are linked to the objectives of safety management.
U

2.14 Subcontracted Activities

2.14.1 Safety requirements for subcontracted functions and monitoring processes and procedures are
stated in Corporate Quality Manual Chapter 9.

2.15 Control of Documents and Records

2.15.1 Control of all documentation is in accordance with the Flight Safety Documents system stated in
Chapter 10 of this manual.

2.15.2 Control of all records is in accordance with the records policy of Biman.

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CHAPTER 03

KEY PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 3.2

PY
3.1 Managing Director & CEO – the Accountable Manager ...................................................................... 3.2
3.2 Functional Chart .................................................................................................................................. 3.2
3.3 Safety and Quality Review Committee (SQRC) .................................................................................. 3.4

O
3.4 Executive Directors‟ and Line Managers ............................................................................................. 3.5
3.5 Safety Action Group (SAG) ................................................................................................................. 3.6

C
3.6 Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ) ................................................................................................... 3.7
3.7 The SMS Manager .............................................................................................................................. 3.8
3.8
3.9 ED
Responsibilities of Operational Personnel ........................................................................................... 3.9
Work Flow and Communication........................................................................................................... 3.9
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

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CHAPTER 03
KEY PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITY

3.0 Purpose
3.0.1 This chapter presents key safety personnel and their safety accountabilities and responsibilities.

3.1 Managing Director & CEO – the Accountable Manager

PY
3.1.1 The Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer is the Accountable Manager of Biman Safety
Management Systems;

3.1.2 The Accountable Manager retains the following safety accountabilities:

O
 ensure safety management system (SMS) is implemented and maintained throughout

C
the organization;
 ensure operations are conducted in accordance with conditions and restrictions of the
Air Operator Certificate (AOC), and in compliance with applicable regulations and
standards of Biman; ED
 provide necessary financial and human resources for the proper implementation of an
effective SMS;
LL
 promote a positive safety culture;
 establish and promote the safety policy and safety objectives;
O

 ensure continuous improvement of the SMS.

TR

3.1.3 The accountable executive‟s authorities include, but are not limited to, having final authority:

 for the resolution of all safety issues;

 over operations under the certificate(s), authorization or approval of the organization,
N

including the authority to stop the operation or activity.

 to ensure planning and allocation of human, technical, financial or other resources
O

necessary for the effective and efficient performance of SMS and to manage safety and
security risks to aircraft operation;
C

 for establishing and maintaining the organization‟s competence to learn from the
N

analysis of data collected through its safety reporting system.

 for making decisions on any risk tolerability level.
U

3.2 Functional Chart

3.2.1 Figure 3.1 does not depict the organization of the management of safety in terms of departments
and functional units and their relative hierarchical position within the organization, but rather the
functions of each directorate and functional unit in terms of the delivery of safety as a core
business process.

3.2.2 Figure 3.2 presents a table showing the directorates and the functional units which are under the
direct scope of Biman SMS, as stated in provision 2.8 of this manual.

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3.2.3 The figures present those individuals or groups or functional units whose safety accountabilities
are stated in this section.

Safety &
Accountable Manager
Quality Review
Committee
(SQRC)
Directors

PY
O
Line Managers

C
Safety Action Corporate Safety
Groups and Quality
(SAG) ED
Figure 3.1: Safety accountability (functional chart)
LL
Directorate Functional Unit Line Manager
Operations Technical Chief of Technical
O

Planning & Scheduling Chief of Planning & Scheduling

Flight Operations
Training Chief of Training
TR

Operations Control General Manager, Central Control

Engineering Production Chief Engineer, Engineering Production
Engineering & Material Engineering Services Chief Engineer, Engineering Services
N

Management
Material Management GM/DGM Store & Material Management
Flight Services DGM, Flight Services
O

Customer Services Airport Services GM, Airport Services

C

Ground Support Equipment GM, GSE

Marketing & Sales Cargo Operation GM, Cargo

N

Figure 3.2: Functional units

U

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3.3 Safety and Quality Review Committee (SQRC)

3.3.1 The SQRC is a the high-level committee and consists of the following officials:

 Managing Director & CEO - Chairman

 All Executive Directors - Member
 All heads of the SAGs - Member
 Head of Flight Safety - Member
 Head of Engineering QA - Member

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 Head of Security - Member
 SMS Manager (Head of CSQ) - Member Secretary

O
3.3.2 The SQRC is eminently strategic and deals with high-level issues in relation to policies, resource
allocation and organizational performance monitoring.

C
3.3.3 The SQRC is responsible to :

ED
a. monitor and assess operational safety and security outcomes;
b. Monitor and assess the effectiveness of the SMS processes and QA Program;
c. monitor that necessary corrective actions are taken in a timely manner;
LL
d. monitor safety performance against the organization‟s safety policy and objectives;
e. monitor the effectiveness of the safety supervision of subcontracted operations;
f. ensure significant issues arising from the quality assurance program are properly
O

addressed;
g. ensure that appropriate resources are allocated to achieve safety performance beyond
TR

that required by regulatory compliance;

h. ensure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness in the management and
control of operations;
N

i. give strategic direction to the SAG;

j. assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the system,
O

including, but not limited to, organizational structure, reporting lines, authorities,
responsibilities, policies, processes and procedures, as well as allocation of resources
and identification of training needs.
C

3.3.4 Review Meeting

N

The SQRC meets once every 6 months, unless exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise, to
U

review and ensure continual improvement of the SMS and Quality Assurance Program
throughout the organization.

3.3.5 Review Input

The following inputs, as applicable are to be considered for review:

 Performance of operational processes

 Safety policy and objectives
 Status and effectiveness of corrective and preventive actions
 Substandard performance of the SMS and QA program
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 Significant issues/findings from QA program

 Follow-up actions from previous Management Reviews
 Planned changes that can affect the SMS and QA
 Assessments of improvement opportunities and recommendations for improvements
 Employees‟ knowledge, understanding and adherence to the safety policies, directives
and procedures, and their involvement in the safety improvement processes.
 Availability and effectiveness of internal and external information within the company at
all levels

PY
 Human resources, training and staffing requirements.
 Suitability of working environment

O
 Availability of tools and equipment
 Achievements of corporate and departmental quality objectives

C
 Results of internal and external safety/quality audits/inspections

3.3.6 Review Output

ED
The results of the evaluations and conclusions of the Management Review include the following
outputs:
LL
 Effectiveness of the corrective and preventive actions.
 Suitability of the safety policy.
O

 The suitability and effectiveness of the SMS and QA program

 Improvement of the effectiveness of the SMS and its processes.
TR

 Frequency of Management review.

 Availability of human and material resources.
 Required corrective and preventive actions.
N

 Elimination or mitigation of cause(s) of any substandard performance

O

3.4 Executive Directors’ and Line Managers

C

3.4.1 Authority
N

a. The executive directors have the authority to make decisions that affect the safety of
aircraft operations in their respective areas.
U

b. Executive directors have authority of making decision on risk tolerability level of „L2 -
High Risk‟ or below; and GM level executives have decision making authority on risk
tolerability level of „L3 – Moderate Risk‟ as stated in figure 5.6 in chapter 5.

3.4.2 Accountability

a. The executive directors and line managers are responsible for the allocation of human,
technical, financial or any other resources necessary for the effective and efficient
performance of the SMS.

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b. The executive directors and line managers are responsible for taking corrective actions,
either to address hazards and/or errors identified through reporting, audit or from other
sources, or in response to events, such as accidents and incidents.
c. The Directors and line managers ensure that safety accountabilities and responsibilities
of all employees, regardless of level, are defined in the job descriptions of their
respective functional units.

d. The Directors and line managers ensure that operations are conducted in accordance
with conditions and restrictions of the Air Operator Certificate (AOC), and in compliance
with applicable regulations and standards of Biman.

PY
e. The directors and line managers ensure that SAGs are allocated with time and other
necessary resources for the performances of their SMS activities.

O
3.5 Safety Action Group (SAG)

C
3.5.1 SAG is eminently tactical and deals with implementation issues and gets strategic directives of
the SQRC. The SAG deals with “grass roots” implementation issues pertaining to specific
activities to ensure control of the safety risks of the consequences of hazards during line
operations.
ED
3.5.2 Biman has 7 (Seven) different SAGs for the operational areas under the direct scope of Biman‟s
SMS which are described below:
LL
a. SAG-FLT: headed by Chief of Flight Safety or any other chief positions in Flight
Operations Directorate. The SAG covers functional units of Flight Operations except
O

Central & Operations Control

b. SAG-DSP: headed by GM CC. The SAG covers functional units of Central & Operations
TR

Control
c. SAG-MNT: headed by Chief Engineer, QA or any other chief engineer in Engineering
and Material Management Directorate. The SAG covers functional units of Engineering
N

and Material Management

d. SAG-CAB: headed by GM Customer Services or DGM Flight Services. The SAG covers
O

functional units of cabin operations

e. SAG-GRH: headed by GM APS. The SAG covers functional units of airport services
C

f. SAG-CGO: headed by GM Cargo. The SAG covers functional units of Cargo operations
N

g. SAG-GSE: headed by GM GSE. The SAG covers functional units of GSE operations
U

3.5.3 Accountabilities and responsibilities of SAG

a. monitor operational safety performance within their functional areas of the organization
and ensure that appropriate SRM activities are carried out;
b. review available safety data and identify the implementation of appropriate safety risk
control strategies and ensure employee feedback is provided;
c. assess the safety impact related to the introduction of operational changes or new
technologies;
d. coordinate the implementation of any actions related to safety risk controls and ensure
that actions are taken promptly; and

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e. review the effectiveness of specific safety risk controls.

f. ensures that corrective action is taken in a timely manner;
 Identification of the cause(s) of substandard performance of the SMS
 Determination of the implications of substandard performance of the SMS in
operations
 Elimination or mitigation of such cause(s) of substandard performance
3.5.4 SAG Meeting

The Head of SAG of each operational area is to hold a meeting with SAG members at least once

PY
a calendar month to assess the safety performance of the operational discipline.

3.5.5 Selection of SAG Member

O
a. The Head of SAG and SMS Manager, in consultation with the Director concern,
select the SAG members; and the Director concern approves the SAG members.

C
b. The SAG members for a discipline are selected from the officials of the respective
areas who meet the following qualification/competencies:

ED
 Having working experience in the discipline;
 Having adequate understanding of the relevant functional area;
 Having undergone training on SMS and/or HIRM;
LL
c. Other than Head of SAG, members are selected by name instead of by position.
3.5.6 SRM Team
O

a. For a particular SRM project in a particular discipline, the Head of SAG for that discipline
selects an SRM team consisting of at least 2 members from the relevant SAG.
TR

b. The number of SRM team members and who should be selected as team members
depends on the followings:
i. Nature and complexity of the project;
N

ii. Operations/process/equipment involved in the project

iii. Level of severity and level of urgency
O

3.6 Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ)

C

3.6.1 Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ) functions as a safety services office. CSQ is fundamentally
a safety data collection and analysis unit. Through a combination of proactive and reactive
N

methods, the CSQ continuously and routinely collect safety data on hazards during service
delivery activities. The name of the office is taken as „Safety Services Office‟, in lieu of Safety
U

Office to reflect that it provides a service to the organization, to senior managers and to line
managers, with regard to the management of safety as a core business process.

3.6.2 CSQ is independent and neutral in terms of the processes and decisions made regarding the
delivery of services by the line managers of operational units.

3.6.3 Accountability and responsibility

a. The safety services office fulfills four essential corporate functions:

b. manages and oversees the hazard identification system;

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c. monitors safety performance of operational units directly involved in service delivery;

d. advises senior management on safety management matters; and
e. assists line managers with safety management matters.

3.7 The SMS Manager

3.7.1 The SMS manager is the person to whom the Accountable Manager has assigned the day-to-
day management functions of the SMS. He is in charge of the daily operation of CSQ. Head of
Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ) is the Safety Manager or SMS Manager of Biman‟s SMS.

PY
3.7.2 The SMS manager is the responsible individual and focal point for the development and
maintenance of an effective SMS.

O
3.7.3 The SMS manager advises the Accountable Manager and line managers on matters regarding
safety management.

C
3.7.4 The SMS Manager is responsible for coordinating and communicating safety issues within the
organization, as well as with external agencies, contractors and stakeholders as appropriate.

3.7.5 The SMS manager’s responsibilities:

ED
 Being responsible for the implementation, maintenance and day-to-day administration of
the SMS throughout the organization on behalf of the Accountable Manager and senior
management;
LL
 performing/facilitating hazard identification and safety risk analysis;
 monitoring corrective actions and evaluating their results;
O

 providing periodic reports on the organization‟s safety performance;

TR

 maintaining records and safety documentation;

 ensuring staff safety training;
 providing independent advice on safety matters;
N

 monitoring safety concerns in the aviation industry and their perceived impact on the
organization‟s operations aimed at service delivery;
O

 coordinating and communicating, on behalf of the Accountable Manager, with CAAB,

other state agencies and international organization as necessary on issues relating to
C

safety;
N

3.7.6 SMS Manager’s Qualification

U

a. 3 years full-time experience in airline safety/quality management;

b. sound knowledge of the organization‟s operations, procedures and activities;
c. broad aviation technical knowledge;
d. an extensive knowledge of safety management systems (SMS) and have completed
appropriate SMS training;
e. Experience in risk management principles and techniques to support the SMS;
f. experience implementing and/or managing an SMS;
g. an understanding of human factors;

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h. experience and qualifications in conducting safety/quality audits and inspections;

i. sound knowledge of aviation regulatory frameworks, including ICAO Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPS), relevant civil aviation regulations and IOSA;
j. the ability to communicate at all levels both inside and outside the company;
k. the ability to be firm in conviction, promote a fair culture‖ and yet advance an open and
non-punitive atmosphere for reporting;
l. the ability and confidence to communicate directly to the Accountable Manager as his
advisor and confidante;

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m. well-developed communication skills and demonstrated interpersonal skills, with the
ability to liaise with a variety of individuals and organizational representatives, including
those from differing cultural backgrounds;

O
n. demonstrated analytical skills.

C
3.7.7 Authority

a. Regarding safety matters, the SMS Manager has direct access to the Accountable

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Manager and appropriate senior and middle management.
b. The SMS Manager is authorized under the direction of the Accountable Manager to
conduct safety audits, surveys and inspections of any aspect of the operation.
c. The SMS Manager is authorized under the direction of the Accountable Manager to
LL
conduct investigations of internal safety events.
d. The SMS Manager is authorized to develop forms, templates, worksheets in paper or
O

electronic format including software which may be required for effective functioning of
SMS.
TR

e. The SMS manager does not hold other positions or responsibilities that may conflict or
impair his role as an SMS manager.
N

3.8 Responsibilities of Operational Personnel

3.8.1 All operational personnel, including management and non-management personnel, perform their
O

duties in conformity with conditions and restrictions of the Air Operator Certificate (AOC), and in
compliance with applicable regulations and standards of Biman.
C

3.8.2 The operational personnel are responsible for reporting safety occurrences/events, hazards,
N

nonstandard activities in their respective areas.

3.8.3 Operational personnel are encouraged to submit voluntarily the confidential safety reports.
U

3.9 Work Flow and Communication

3.9.1 CSQ division continuously and routinely collects safety data on hazard from the operational area
through combination of proactive and reactive methods.

3.9.2 CSQ then sends the safety hazard data to respective SAG. The SAG converts data into
information by analyzing hazards, evaluating consequences of hazards and assessing the risk of
consequences.

3.9.3 Once safety information has been extracted from the safety data, the Safety Manager delivers
safety information to line managers for resolution of underlying safety concerns. Line managers

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are the true subject-matter experts in their respective areas and design effective and efficient
solutions and implement them.

3.9.4 After the safety information has been delivered to the appropriate line managers, CSQ resumes
its routine safety data collection and analysis activities. At a time interval agreed between CSQ
and the line managers in question, CSQ presents new safety information about the safety
concern. The new safety information indicates if the mitigation solutions implemented by the line
managers have addressed the safety concern, or if the safety concern persists. In the latter
case, further mitigation solutions are deployed, a new time interval is agreed, safety data are
collected and analyzed, safety information is delivered, and this cycle is repeated as many times

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as necessary until safety data analysis substantiates that the safety concern has been resolved.

3.9.5 Line managers act upon the safety information provided by the Safety Manager. The mitigation
of safety concerns inevitably requires resources. Sometimes such resources are directly
available to line managers. Oftentimes additional resources are required, the allocation of which

O
may not be within the authority of the line manager, and must be approved by senior levels of
the organization.

C
3.9.6 There are some formal organizational process to ensure a neutral assessment of the
effectiveness and efficiency of the mitigation strategies in relation to the agreed safety

ED
performance of the organization. The Safety and Quality Review Committee (SQRC) provides
the platform to achieve the objectives of resource allocation and neutral assessment of the
effectiveness and efficiency of the mitigation strategies.
LL
3.9.7 The SQRC gives the strategic direction to SAGs. The SAGs implement the strategies across the
organization in a coordinated manner. The safety manager is the chairman of all SAGs; and
plays a role of coordination among different SAGs.
O
TR
N
O
C
N
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CHAPTER 04

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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4.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 4.2
4.1 Hazard, Unsafe Event and Consequence ........................................................................................... 4.2
4.2 Hazard Identification Triggers.............................................................................................................. 4.2

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4.3 Who to Identify Hazards ...................................................................................................................... 4.3
4.4 Scope of Hazards ................................................................................................................................ 4.3

C
4.5 Aviation Safety and OHSE .................................................................................................................. 4.3
4.6 Hazard Identification Methodologies and Sources .............................................................................. 4.4
4.7 Guidelines on Hazard Analysis............................................................................................................ 4.4
4.8
4.9
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Recording ............................................................................................................................................ 4.6
Supervision and Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 4.6
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O
TR
N
O
C
N
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CHAPTER 04
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

4.0 Purpose
4.0.1 In order to manage the safety risk, it is necessary to identify hazards, determine the
consequences of each hazard, assess and control risks of consequences of hazards and
acceptance of risks.

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4.0.2 This chapter describes the hazard analysis procedures to identify hazards, unsafe events and the
consequences of hazards. The next chapter states how to asses and control the risks of
consequences of hazards.

O
4.0.3 For greater understanding of hazards and consequences, refer to ICAO doc 9859 latest edition.

C
4.1 Hazard, Unsafe Event and Consequence
4.1.1 A Hazard is defined as a condition or an object that could cause or contribute to the unsafe

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operation of aircraft or aviation safety-related equipment, products and services

4.1.2 Consequence is defined as the potential outcome or outcomes of a hazard. The damaging
potential of a hazard materializes through one or many consequences. Sometimes consequences
can be multi-layered, including such as an intermediate unsafe event, before an ultimate
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consequence (accident).

4.1.3 Unsafe Event is the possible unsafe intermediate event before any Ultimate Consequence/
O

Accident.

4.1.4 An example:
TR

Consider, a fifteen-knot wind. Fifteen-knots of wind is not necessarily a hazardous condition. In

fact, a fifteen-knot wind blowing directly down the runway improves aircraft take-off and landing
performance. But if the fifteen-knot wind is blowing across the runway, a crosswind condition is
N

created which may be hazardous to operations. This is due to its potential to contribute to aircraft
instability. The reduction in control could lead to a consequence, such as a lateral runway
O

excursion. So 15 knots cross wind is a hazard. An immediate outcome of the hazard could be
loss of lateral control followed by a consequent runway excursion. Loss of lateral control is an Unsafe
Event. The ultimate consequence could be an accident (loss of aircraft, fatality).
C

4.1.5 Hazards belong in the present. They are, in most cases, part of the operational context, and
N

therefore they are present in the workplace before operational personnel “show up to work”.
Consequences, on the other hand, belong in the future. They do not materialize until hazards
U

interact with certain operations of the system aimed at service delivery. It is as a consequence of
this interaction that hazards may unleash their damaging potential.

4.1.6 Identification of an Unsafe Event is applicable only where there is a need to distinguish and
establish mitigating actions upstream and downstream of such an intermediate event (before the
Ultimate Consequence/ Accident). If this intermediate Unsafe Event state is not applicable for a
particular operation, then it may be bypassed as appropriate.

4.2 Hazard Identification Triggers

4.2.1 Hazard identification is a continuous, ongoing activity. It never stops or rests. Nevertheless, there
are some specific conditions under which special attention to hazard identification is warranted:

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a. the organization experiences an unexplained increase in safety-related events or

regulatory infractions
b. when a new policy/operation/work process/equipment is introduced;
c. when policy/procedures/work instruction/management is changed;
d. in the event of incident or injury
e. safety investigation
f. after an event is reported/known

4.3 Who to Identify Hazards

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4.3.1 Hazard identification and reporting are the responsibilities of each and every employee.
Though hazard identification is everybody’s responsibility, but accountability for hazard
identification lies with the line management.
4.3.2 The exclusive charge of hazard identification and analysis lie with line management and

O
Safety Action Groups (SAGs).

C
4.3.3 Safety Action Groups are responsible for hazard identification and analysis in the
circumstances as stated in provision 4.2.1, for their respective areas.

4.4 Scope of Hazards ED

The following should be considered when identifying hazards:
 system description;
LL
 design factors, including equipment and task design;
 human performance limitations (e.g. physiological, psychological, physical and cognitive);
O

 procedures and operating practices, including documentation and checklists, and their
validation under actual operating conditions;
TR

 communication factors, including media, terminology and language;

 organizational factors, such as those related to the recruitment, training and retention of
personnel, compatibility of production and safety goals, allocation of resources, operating
N

pressures and corporate safety culture;

 factors related to the operational environment (e.g. weather, ambient noise and vibration,
O

temperature and lighting);

 regulatory oversight factors, including the applicability and enforceability of regulations,
C

and the certification of equipment, personnel and procedures;

N

 performance monitoring systems that can detect practical drift, operational deviations or a
deterioration of product reliability;
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 human-machine interface factors; and

 factors related to the SSP/SMS interfaces with other organizations

4.5 Aviation Safety and OSHE

Any hazard that can have an impact (whether directly or indirectly) on the operational safety of aircraft or
aviation safety related equipment, products and services should be deemed to be pertinent to an aviation
SMS. A hazard having purely OSHE (occupational safety, health and environment) consequences only
(i.e. without any aviation safety impact) is outside the scope of Biman SMS.

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4.6 Hazard Identification Methodologies and Sources

4.6.1 Biman utilizes the following two hazard identification methodologies with associated sources for
hazard identification:

1. Proactive Method:
 Flight Data Analysis (FDA)
 Engine Health Monitoring (EHM)
 Aircraft Health Monitoring

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 Internal audit/inspection
 Confidential/voluntary Reporting System
 Debriefing report/Air Safety Report (ASR)

O
 Brain storming

C
 State oversight audit and third-party audit report
 Information exchange system

2. Reactive Method:
 Occurrence report
ED
 Accident/Incident report (internal or external)
LL
 Accident/incident investigation report
 Mandatory Occurrence Report
O

 Technical Log/Debriefing report/Air Safety Report (ASR)

4.6.2 Hazards can also be identified through safety data analysis which identifies adverse trends and
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makes predictions about emerging hazards, etc.

4.7 Guidelines on Hazard Analysis

N

4.7.1 Hazards are integral to the operational contexts.

O

4.7.2 It is important that safety risk assessments identify all of the possible consequences. The most
extreme consequence - loss of human life - should be differentiated from those that involve lesser
C

consequences, such as: aircraft incidents; increased flight crew workload; or passenger
discomfort. The description of the consequences will inform the risk assessment and subsequent
N

development and implementation of mitigations through prioritization and allocation of resources.

4.7.3 In and by themselves, hazards are not “bad things”. Hazards are not necessarily damaging or
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negative components of a system. It is only when hazards interface with the operations of the
system aimed at service delivery that their damaging potential may become a safety concern.

[Example: A fifteen-knot wind, by itself, does not necessarily hold potential for damage during
aviation operations. In fact, a fifteen-knot wind blowing directly down the runway will contribute to
improving aircraft performance during departure. However, when a fifteen-knot wind blows in a
direction ninety degrees across a runway of intended take-off or landing, it becomes a crosswind.
It is only then, when the hazard interfaces with the operations of the system (take-off or landing of
an aeroplane) aimed at service delivery that its potential for damage becomes a safety concern (a
lateral runway excursion because the pilot may not be able to control the aeroplane as a
consequence of the crosswind). This example illustrates the discussion: a hazard should not
necessarily be considered as a “bad thing” or something with a negative connotation.]

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4.7.4 In the crosswind example above, an immediate outcome (Unsafe Event) of the hazard could be
“loss of lateral control” followed by a consequent runway excursion (Ultimate Consequence). An
even more serious consequence could be “damage to landing gear”. It is important, therefore, to
describe all likely consequences of a hazard during hazard analysis and not only the most
obvious or immediate ones.

4.7.5 For the purpose of safety management, the unsafe events of hazards should be described in
operational terms. Many hazards hold the potential for the ultimate and most extreme

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consequence: loss of human life. Most hazards hold the potential for loss of property, ecological
damage and similar high-level consequences. However, describing the consequences of hazards
in extreme terms makes it difficult to design mitigation strategies, except cancellation of the
operation. In order to design mitigation strategies to address the safety concerns underlying the

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less than-extreme, lower-level operational consequences of the hazard (for example, crosswind),
such consequences must be described in operational terms (runway lateral excursion), rather

C
than in extreme terms (loss of life or accident of aircraft).

4.7.6 In aviation workplace, human errors and violation from standard operating procedures contribute
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to make a chain of active failures, which, as per James Reason Model, causes most of the
accident (please refer to ICAO DOC 9859 SMM). Human errors are natural bi-product of any
endeavor where human and technology interact. Human Beings commit errors differently in
different operational contexts. So to manage human errors, it requires extensive exploration into
LL
the operational context, which an individual work with. The individual to identify hazards shall
require extensive knowledge on operational context – the SHELL model and are advised to read
ICAO DOC 9859 – Safety Management Manual.
O

Operational context – the SHELL model:

TR

The conceptual tool for the analysis of the components and features of operational contexts and
their possible interactions with people is the SHELL model. The SHELL model can be used to
help visualize the interrelationships among the various components and features of the aviation
system. This model places emphasis on the individual and the human’s interfaces with the other
N

components and features of the aviation system. The SHELL model’s name is derived from the
initial letters of its four components:
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a. Software (S) – policy, procedures, training,

C

knowledge, skills, support, etc.;

b. Hardware (H) – machines, equipment, tools);
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c. Environment (E) – the operating circumstances in

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which the rest of the L-H-S system must function;

and
d. Liveware (L) – humans in the workplace.

This building-block diagram is intended to provide a basic understanding of the relationship of

individuals to components and features in the workplace.

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4.8 Recording
4.8.1 The Process Owners are responsible for retention of hazard identification records or their
respective operational areas.

4.8.2 Safety office is responsible for retention of all hazard related documents/records.

4.8.3 The records are to be retained for at least 5 years.

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4.9 Supervision and Monitoring
4.9.1 Directors, General Managers and the Process Owners ensure that hazard assessment is

O
conducted before a new work process is introduced and on a regular basis while work is carried
on to prevent the development of unsafe working conditions.

C
4.9.2 The Process Owners and SAGs ensure that hazards are identified and assessed in accordance
with the standards stated in this chapter.

ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
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CHAPTER 05

SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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5.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 5.2
5.2 SRM Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................... 5.2
5.3 SRM Process ...................................................................................................................................... 5.2

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5.4 Safety Risk Probability ........................................................................................................................ 5.3
5.5 Safety Risk Severity ............................................................................................................................ 5.3

C
5.6 Cost of Accident/Incident ..................................................................................................................... 5.5
5.7 Safety Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5.6
5.8 Safety Risk Tolerability ........................................................................................................................ 5.6
5.9
5.10
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Risk Control/Mitigation ........................................................................................................................ 5.7
Mitigation Strategy............................................................................................................................... 5.7
5.11 Evaluation of Mitigation/Control ........................................................................................................... 5.7
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5.12 Accepting Mitigation/Control ................................................................................................................ 5.8
5.14 Recording .......................................................................................................................................... 5.10
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5.15 Supervision and Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 5.10

TR
N
O
C
N
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CHAPTER 05
SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

5.0 Purpose
5.0.1 Chapter 4 of this manual discusses hazard identification and hazard analysis processes of Safety
Risk Management (SRM).
5.0.2 This chapter provides the processes and procedures required for complete safety risk

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management.

5.1 Safety Risk and Safety Risk Management (SRM)

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5.1.1 Safety risk is the measure of damaging potential of a consequence or outcome of an existing safety
hazard or unsafe event. Safety risk is measured in terms of probability and severity.

C
5.1.2 Safety risk probability is defined as the likelihood or frequency that a safety consequence of an
existing safety hazard or unsafe event might occur.

ED
5.1.3 Safety risk severity is defined as the extent of harm that might reasonably occur as a consequence
or outcome of the identified hazard or unsafe event.
5.1.4 Safety risk management is the core activity that supports the management of safety. The term
safety risk management, as opposed to the more generic term risk management, is meant to convey
LL
the notion that the management of safety does not aim, directly, at the management of financial
risk, legal risk, economic risk and so forth, but restricts itself primarily to the management of safety
risks.
O

5.1.5 Control/mitigation means designating measures to address the hazard and bring under
organizational control the safety risk probability and severity of the consequences of the hazard.
TR

5.2 SRM Responsibilities

5.2.1 SAG and unit heads are responsible for SRM activities for their respective areas.
N

5.2.2 CSQ Office supports and advises SAGs on SRM.

O

5.3 SRM Process

C

The SRM process involves the following sequential activities and programs:
N

a. Hazard identification – identify generic and specific hazard

b. Hazard analysis – identify consequence(s) of each hazard
U

c. Risk probability analysis – analyze likelihood of the consequence

d. Risk severity analysis – evaluate the seriousness of the consequence
e. Risk assessment – determine risk tolerability
f. Risk control/mitigation – determine measures to treat risk

Items (a) & (b) above are discussed in chapter 4. The other activities are discussed herein under.

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5.4 Safety Risk Probability

5.4.1 Figure 5-1 presents the safety risk probability table, a five-point table. The table includes five
categories to denote the probability of occurrence of an unsafe event or condition, the meaning of
each category, and an assignment of a value to each category.

Probability Meaning Value

Frequent Likely to occur many times (has occurred frequently) 5

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Occasional Likely to occur sometimes (has occurred infrequently) 4

Remote Unlikely to occur, but possible (has occurred rarely) 3

O
Improbable Very unlikely to occur (not known to have occurred) 2

C
Extremely
Almost inconceivable that the event will occur 1
Improbable

ED
Figure 5.1: Safety risk probability table

5.4.2 Figure 5.2 elaborate the severity table and provides the guidelines for probability assessment:
LL
Probability Individual Item/system Organization-wide
Expected to occur about once Expected to occur more than
Frequent
every 3 months for an item once every 1-2 day
O

Expected to occur about once Expected to occur about

Occasional
per year for an item several times per month
TR

Expected to occur several times Expected to occur about once

Remote
in life cycle of an item every few months
Unlikely to occur, but possible to Expected to occur several
Improbable
occur in an item’s life cycle times in life cycle of an item
N

Do unlikely that it can be

Extremely Unlikely to occur, but possible
assumed that it will not occur in
Improbable to occur in an item’s life cycle
O

an item’s life cycle

Figure 5.2: Probability definition
C
N

5.5 Safety Risk Severity

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5.5.1 Safety risk severity is determined focusing on the estimated ultimate result (the potential damage)
of consequence. The ultimate outcomes are determined with the following considerations:
a. Safety of the people – passengers, employees, bystanders and public.
b. Cost of damage to equipment, properties, infrastructures, etc.
c. Impact on environment – both offsite and onsite.
d. Media coverage
e. Customer dissatisfaction

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5.5.2 Figure 5-3 presents a typical safety risk severity table, also a five-point table. It includes five
categories to denote the level of severity of the occurrence of an unsafe event or condition, the
meaning of each category, and the assignment of a value to each category.

Severity Meaning Value

 loss/destroy of Equipment/aircraft
Catastrophic A
 Fatality
 A large reduction in safety margins, physical distress or a workload such that

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the operators cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or
completely
Hazardous  Complete failure of significant/ major aircraft systems or result in emergency B
operation.

O
 Serious injury
 Major equipment damage
 A significant reduction in safety margins, a reduction in the ability of the

C
operators to cope with adverse operating conditions as a result of increase in
workload, or as a result of conditions impairing their efficiency
Major  Partial loss of significant/ major aircraft systems or result in C



Serious incident
Injury to persons
ED
abnormal/emergency F/Ops procedure application

 Degrade or affect normal aircraft operational procedures or performance

LL
 Operating limitations
Minor D
 Minor incident
 Operational nuisance
O

Negligible  No significance to aircraft related operational safety E

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Figure 5.3: Safety risk severity table

Figure 5.4 provides the guidelines to assess severity of consequence of hazard.

Property/
N

Severity Reputation/Media
People Safety Equipment
Level Exposure
Damage
O

A Court action or
Fatality >Tk. 5 Crore
Catastrophic prosecution
C

B Consistent Negative
Disability Tk. 1 – 5 crore
Hazardous Media
C
N

Hospitalized for more than a month Tk. 1 Lac – 100 Lac Negative Media Exposure
Major
D Local community or major
Tk. 1000 – 1 Lac
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Hospitalized for less than a month

Minor customer dissatisfaction
E Customer
First Aid treatment < Tk. 1000
Negligible Dissatisfaction

Figure 5.4: Severity definition

5.5.4 In determining cost of property/equipment damage as in the 3rd column of figure 5.2, the guidelines
and examples provided in provision 5.6 can be helpful.

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5.6 Cost of Accident/Incident

5.6.1 There are two distinct costs to be considered:
a. direct costs; and
b. indirect costs.
5.6.2 Direct costs are the obvious costs and are fairly easy to determine. They mostly relate to physical
damage and include rectifying, replacing or compensating for injuries, aircraft/equipment and
property damage.

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5.6.3 Indirect costs include all those costs that cannot directly be measured. Such costs are sometimes
not obvious and are often delayed. Some examples of indirect costs of extreme consequences of
hazards include:

O
 Workers Compensation
 Clean Up Operation

C
 Investigations
 Rescheduling
 Airport Service Fees
 A/C replacement/A/C Ferry Flights
 Crew Repositioning
ED
LL
 Spoilt Catering
 Below Insurance claim threshold
5.6.4 Indirect costs may amount to much more than the direct costs resulting from loss of organizational
O

control of certain extreme consequences of hazards.

5.6.5 The accident cost is spread over different budgets and account heads which never show the total
TR

cost of the accident. The following examples may give some understanding about the cost of
accidents/incidents.
Example 1
N

The real cost of accident

Aircraft struck by catering truck
O

- Direct Cost: £ 10,200

- Indirect Cost: £ 137,000
C

Aircraft struck by catering jetty

- Direct Cost: £ 30,000
- Indirect Cost: £ 359,000
N

Aircraft wingtip hit by coach

- Direct Cost: £ 1.75m
U

- Indirect Cost: £ 5.25m

Example 2
Daily cost of disabled aircraft (As per Boeing data 2010)
B747-400 £ 111,600 $ 156,240
B747-200 £ 99,000 $ 138,600
B777 £ 96,600 $ 135,240
B767 £ 54,247 $ 75,000
B757 £ 34,620 $ 48,468
B737 £ 22,200 $ 31,000
A320 £ 31,200 $ 43,680

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5.7 Safety Risk Assessment

5.7.1 Once safety risk probability and safety risk severity are assessed, the overall assessment of the
safety risk is made. This is achieved by combining the safety risk probability and safety risk severity
tables into the safety risk assessment matrix, which is presented in Figure 5-5.

5.7.2 For example, a safety risk probability has been assessed as occasional (4). The safety risk severity
has been assessed as hazardous (B). The composite of probability and severity (4B) is the safety
risk of the consequences of the hazard under consideration. The composite of probability and
severity is called Safety Risk Index or simply Risk Index.

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Risk Severity
Risk Negligible Minor Major Hazardous Catastrophic

O
Probability E D C B A
Frequent
5E 5D 5C 5B 5A

C
5
Occasional
4E 4D 4C 4B 4A
4
Remote
3
Improbable
3E ED 3D 3C 3B 3A

2E 2D 2C 2B 2A
2
LL
Extremely Improbable
1E 1D 1C 1B 1A
1

Figure 5.5: Safety Risk Assessment Matrix

O

5.8 Safety Risk Tolerability

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5.8.1 The safety risk index obtained from the safety risk assessment matrix must then be exported to the
safety risk tolerability matrix which is presented in Figure 5.6 that describes the tolerability criteria.
N

Risk
Risk Index Risk Level Action (Guidance)
Tolerability
O

5A, 5B, Unacceptable under existing circumstances. Do not permit

Stop
4A L1- any operation until sufficient mitigating actions have been
operation or
Extreme implemented to reduce risk. Approval from Managing Director
process
C

Risk of risk mitigation actions and acceptability required before

immediately
commencement of affected operation.
5C, Ensure that risk assessment has been satisfactorily
N

4B, L2 - completed and declared preventive controls are in place.

3A Warning
High Risk Director level approval of completed risk assessment before
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commencement of the operation or process.

5D, L3 - Perform or review risk mitigation as necessary. General
4C, 4D, 3B, 3C, Moderate Caution Manager level approval of risk assessment required.
2A, 2B Risk
5E, 4E, 3D,3E Risk mitigation or review is optional.
L4 -
2C, 2D, 1A, 1B, Review
Low Risk
1C
2E, L5 - Acceptable as is. No formal risk mitigation required.
No action
1D, 1E Negligible
required
Risk
Figure 5.6: Safety risk tolerability matrix

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5.9 Risk Control/Mitigation

5.9.1 To bring the safety risk under the organization control, mitigation strategies must be deployed.
5.9.2 If the safety is under acceptable region, management decision is not required. No control/mitigation
is required and the operation can be continued.
5.9.3 If the safety risk is under tolerable region, management decision is required. Control/mitigation
strategy has to be deployed to bring the safety risk under acceptable region.
5.9.4 The safety risk assessed as initially falling in the intolerable region is unacceptable under the

PY
existing circumstances. The risk poses such a threat to the viability of the organization, that
immediate mitigation action is required. There are two alternatives available to bring the safety risks
to the tolerable or acceptable regions:
a. Allocate resources to reduce the exposure to, and/or the magnitude of, the damaging

O
potential of the consequences of hazards; or
b. If mitigation is not possible, cancel the operation.

C
5.9.5 Safety risk control/mitigation strategies are mostly based on the deployment of additional safety
defenses or the reinforcement of existing ones. Defenses in the aviation system can be grouped
under three general categories:
ED
a. Technology – design factors, equipment, tools, automation, warning system, etc.
b. Training – job specific training, safety training, etc.
LL
c. Regulations – policy, procedures, operation standards, work instruction, etc.

5.10 Mitigation Strategy

O

5.10.1 Avoidance
TR

The operation or activity is cancelled because safety risks exceed the benefits of continuing the
operation or activity.
5.10.2 Reduction.
N

The frequency of the operation or activity is reduced, or action is taken to reduce the magnitude of
the consequences of the accepted risks.
O

5.10.3 Segregation of exposure.

C

Action is taken to isolate the effects of the consequences of the hazard or build in redundancy to
protect against them.
N

5.11 Evaluation of Mitigation/Control

U

5.11.1 In evaluating specific alternatives for safety risk mitigation, it must be kept in mind that not all have
the same potential for reducing safety risks. The effectiveness of each specific alternative needs to
be evaluated before a decision can be taken. It is important that the full range of possible control
measures be considered and that trade-offs between measures be considered to find an optimal
solution. Each proposed safety risk mitigation option should be examined from such perspectives
as:
a. Effectiveness. Will it reduce or eliminate the safety? To what extent do alternatives
mitigate such safety risks? Effectiveness can be viewed as:

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i. Engineering mitigations. This mitigation eliminates the safety risk of the

consequences of the unsafe event or condition, for example, by providing interlocks
to prevent thrust reverser activation in flight.

ii. Control mitigations. This mitigation accepts the safety risk of the consequences of
the unsafe event or condition but adjusts the system to mitigate such safety risk by
reducing it to a manageable level, for example, by imposing more restrictive
operating conditions. Both engineering and control mitigations are considered
“hard” mitigations, since they do not rely on flawless human performance.

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iii. Personnel mitigations. This mitigation accepts that engineering and/or control
mitigations are neither efficient nor effective, so personnel must be taught how to
cope with the safety risk of the consequences of the hazard, for example, by adding

O
warnings, revised checklists, SOPs and/or extra training. Personnel mitigations are
considered “soft actions”, since they rely on flawless human performance.

C
Hard mitigations are more effective than soft mitigation.

b. Cost/benefit. Do the perceived benefits of the mitigation outweigh the costs? Will the

analysis refer to ICAO DOC 9859) ED

potential gains be proportional to the impact of the change required? (for cost-benefit

c. Practicality. Is the mitigation practical and appropriate in terms of available technology,

financial feasibility, administrative feasibility, governing legislation and regulations, political
LL
will, etc.?
d. Challenge. Can the mitigation withstand critical scrutiny from all stakeholders (employees,
managers, stockholders/State administrations, etc.)?
O

e. Acceptability to each stakeholder. How much buy-in (or resistance) from stakeholders
can be expected? (Discussions with stakeholders during the safety risk assessment phase
TR

may indicate their preferred risk mitigation option.)

f. Enforceability. If new rules (SOPs, regulations, etc.) are implemented, are they
enforceable?
N

g. Durability. Will the mitigation withstand the test of time? Will it be of temporary benefit or
will it have long-term utility?
O

h. Residual safety risks. After the mitigation has been implemented, what will be the residual
safety risks relative to the original hazard? What is the ability to mitigate any residual safety
C

risks?
N

i. New problems. What new problems or new (perhaps worse) safety risks will be introduced
by the proposed mitigation?
U

5.12 Accepting Mitigation/Control

5.12.1 Following reassessment of safety risks, the effectiveness and efficiency of the mitigation/control
strategies must be confirmed. If confirmed, the mitigation is accepted. The following questions
pertain:
a. Does the mitigation address the safety risks?
b. Is the mitigation effective?
c. Is the mitigation appropriate?
d. Is additional or different mitigation warranted?

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e. Do the mitigation strategies generate additional risks?

5.12.2 Once the mitigation has been accepted, the strategies developed and deployed must, as part of
the safety assurance process, be fed back into the organization’s defenses, upon which the
mitigation strategies are based, to ensure integrity, efficiency and effectiveness of the defenses
under the new operational conditions.

5.13 SRM Process Flow

5.13.1 Figure 5-7 presents the safety risk management process in its entirety. After a safety concern

PY
has been perceived, hazards underlying the safety concern and potential consequences of
the hazards are identified and the safety risks of the consequences are assessed in terms of
probability and severity, to define the level of safety risk (safety risk index). If the safety risks
are assessed as acceptable, action as appropriate is taken and the operation continues. For

O
feedback purposes (safety library), the hazard identification and safety risk assessment and
mitigation are recorded.

C
ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

Figure 5.7: SRM Process

5.13.2 If the safety risks are assessed as unacceptable, the following questions become relevant:

a. Can the safety risk(s) be eliminated? If the answer is yes, then action as appropriate
is taken and feedback to the safety library established. If the answer is no, the next
question is:

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b. Can the safety risk(s) be mitigated? If the answer is no, the operation must
be cancelled. If the answer is yes, mitigation action as appropriate is taken
and the next question is:

c. Can the residual safety risk be accepted? If the answer is yes, then
action is taken (if necessary) and feedback to the safety library
established. If the answer is no, the operation must be cancelled.

5.13.3 Question 5.13.2 (c) reflects the fact that mitigation strategies can never completely mitigate

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safety risks. It must be accepted that a residual safety risk will always exist, and we must
ensure that residual safety risks are also under control.

O
5.14 Recording
5.14.1 The line managers are responsible for retention of SRM records of their respective operational

C
areas.
5.14.2 SMS office is responsible for retention of all SRM related records.

5.15 Supervision and Monitoring

ED
5.15.1 Directors, General Managers and line managers ensure that SRM is conducted before a new work
LL
process is introduced and on a regular basis while work is carried on to prevent the development
of unsafe working conditions.
5.15.2 The line managers and SAGs ensure that SRM activities are performed in accordance with the
O

standards stated in this chapter.

TR
N
O
C
N
U

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CHAPTER 06

SAFFETY RISK MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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6.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 6.2
6.1 Explanatory Notes ............................................................................................................................... 6.2
6.2 Safety Risk Management – form SMS/SRM1...................................................................................... 6.3
Report Analysis and Risk Management – form SMS/SRM2 ................................................................ 6.4

O
6.3
6.4 Other Risk Assessment procedure ...................................................................................................... 6.5

C
6.5 HIRM Master Register ......................................................................................................................... 6.5

ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

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CHAPTER 06
Safety Risk Management Procedure

6.0 Purpose
6.0.1 Chapter 4 of this manual discusses hazard identification and hazard analysis processes and
chapter 5 discusses about Safety Risk Management (SRM) processes. This chapter discusses
about Hazard Identification and Risk Management procedures.
6.0.2 This chapter provides guidance/guidelines on how to perform report analysis, hazard

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identification, risk assessment and mitigation using forms.

6.1 Explanatory Notes

O
Undesirable condition or situation which may cause or contribute to an Unsafe Event
Hazard (H)
or Consequence.

C
Unsafe Event (UE) Possible unsafe intermediate event before any Ultimate Consequence/ Accident.
Identification of an Unsafe Event is applicable only where there is a need to

ED
distinguish and establish mitigating actions upstream and downstream of such an
intermediate event. If this intermediate UE state is not applicable for a particular
operation, then it may be bypassed as appropriate.

Ultimate Consequence (UC) Ultimate outcome.

LL
Preventive Control (PC) A mitigating action or defense to block or prevent a Hazard/Threat from escalating into
an Unsafe Event or Ultimate Consequence. Existing PCs (EPC) refer to current/
known/ established PCs which have been in place before the current HIRM exercise.
O

New PCs (NPC) refers to new/ additional/ modified PCs being recommended,
proposed or which have been put in place as a result of the current HIRM exercise.
TR

Recovery Measure (RM) A mitigating action or defense to recover from undesired state to block or prevent an
Unsafe Event/ Situation from escalating into an accident/incident. Existing RMs (ERM)
refer to current/ known/ established RMs which have been in place before the current
HIRM exercise. New RMs (NRM) refer to new/ additional/ modified RMs being
N

recommended, proposed or which have been put in place as a result of the current
HIRM exercise.
O

Escalation Factor (EF) Possible latent or organizational condition/ factor which may weaken the effectiveness
of a Preventive Control (or Recovery measure). Use where applicable only.
C

Escalation Control (EC) A mitigating action or defense to block or prevent an Escalation Factor from
N

compromising or weakening a Preventive Control (or Recovery Measure). Use where

applicable only.
U

Risk Index (RI) Risk Index refers to the combined Likelihood & Severity of an Unsafe Event or
Ultimate Consequence, as projected (anticipated) from an identified Hazard.

Tolerability/Risk Rating Determination of Existing Risk Rating (ERR)/Existing Tolerability (ET) takes into
consideration EPCs/ERMs only. If the ERR/ET is unacceptable, it is then apparent
that evaluation of New PCs/RMs (NPC/NRM) would be necessary to reduce the Risk
Index to a new acceptable level. This may include modification or enhancement of
EPCs/ERMs.
Resultant Risk Rating (RRR)/Resultant Tolerability (RT) are based on the combined
EPCs/ERMs together with the NPCs/NRMs put in place as a result of the completed
risk management exercise.

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6.2 Safety Risk Management – form SMS/SRM1

6.2.1 When a safety concern is perceived by a manager, frontline personnel, section/department, safety
action group, which is not submitted by a reporting channel, the risk assessment form SMS/SRM1
is used for hazard identification and risk management (HIRM).
6.2.2 This form can be used for:
 permanent hazards and associated permanent risk controls
 Temporary hazards and associated temporary risk controls (e.g. Hazards associated with

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charter flights, VVIP flights, ferry flights, onetime operations/services)

O
SMS/SRM1 Report No:
Safety Risk Management Report Date:

C
1. Generic Hazard

2. System Description
ED
LL
3. Identification of Specific Safety issues/hazards
O
TR

4. Risk Assessment and mitigation

Safety Unsafe Ultimate Existing Preventive Controls Existing New Preventive Controls Resultant Risk
Sl. No.

Target Date
Ownership

Issue/ Event Conseque (EPC)/Existing Recovery Risk (NPC)/ /Existing Recovery Measure
N

Hazard nce Measure (ERM) (ERM)

Risk Rating

Risk Rating
Probability

Severity

Probability

Severity
O
C
N

5. Risk Assessment and mitigation performed by

U

6. Approved by

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6.3 Report Analysis and Risk Management – form SMS/SRM2

The safety issues submitted through a reporting channel are analyzed using the procedure stated in the
following form SMS/SRM2:

SMS/SRM2 Report No:

Report Analysis Report Date:
1. Source of Information

☐ Confidential/voluntary report ☐ ASR/Debrief report ☐ Audit/Inspection ☐ Flight Data Monitoring

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☐ Aircraft/Engine Health Monitoring ☐ Brain storming ☐ Other, Specify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Source Reference/Code  Received Date 

O
2. System Description
<Provide the description of the followings as required to have the perspective of the risk assessment:

C
 Summary of the reported contents;
 Summary of the prevailing system;
 Statement on previously assessed risk and risk controls;
 Statement of escalation factor (EF) and escalation Control (EC)
 Justification on decision making as per item 3; etc.>

3. Report Analysis
ED
☐ The reported issue relates to deviation from a mandatory/regulatory requirement. Perform root cause analysis as per item 4.
LL
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard was previously analyzed and right/appropriate risk controls were selected. Perform root
cause analysis as per item 4.
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard was previously analyzed, but the selected risk controls were not appropriate. Reassess the
O

risk and risk controls/mitigation as per item 5.

☐ The reported safety issue/hazard was not previously analyzed/assessed. Perform the risk assessment as per item 5.
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard has been analyzed recently and the selected risk controls will take some time to be effective.
TR

Mention the report no in item 2.

4. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

Sl. Safety Issue/Concern Root Cause Corrective action plan Target date Owner
N
O

5. Risk assessment & mitigation

Hazard Unsafe Ultimate Existing Preventive Controls Existing New Preventive Controls Resultant Risk
C
Sl. No.

Ownership
Target Date

Event Conseque (EPC)/Existing Recovery Risk (NPC)/ /Existing Recovery Measure

nce Measure (ERM) (ERM)
Risk Rating

Risk Rating
Probability

Severity

Probability

Severity
N
U

6. Risk Assessment and mitigation performed by:

7. Approved by

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6.4 Other Risk Assessment procedure

6.4.1 In some cases, events are visible, safety issues (hazards, root causes, or problems) are identified
after further analysis/investigation of events; the risk assessment and mitigation items of forms
SMS/SRM1 and SMS/SRM2 can have “Hazard” and “Unsafe Event” columns interchanged.
6.4.2 Any assessment forms using checklists or change management forms may contain safety risk
management attached to the form in the following format:
Safety Unsaf Ultimate Existing Preventive Controls Existing New Preventive Controls Resultant Risk

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Sl. No.

Target Date
Ownership
Issue/ e Conseque (EPC) Risk (NPC)/ /Existing Recovery Measure
Hazard Event nce (ERM)

Risk Rating

Risk Rating
Probability

Severity

Probability

Severity
O
C
ED
6.4.3 In some cases, where risk level cannot be quantified, a qualitative risk assessment and mitigation
can be performed with three judgmental risk levels – High, Medium, Low, where Low is
acceptable risk.
LL
6.5 HIRM Master Register

6.5.1 Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ) maintains an electronic HIRM Master Register, also called
O

Risk register, with the following information for each hazard:

 Discipline Code
TR

 Hazard description
 Unsafe event
 Ultimate consequence
N

 Existing Preventive Control

 Existing Risk index
O

 Existing Risk Rating/Tolerability

C

 New Preventive controls

 New Risk Index
N

 New Risk Rating/Tolerability

 SRM reference number
U

 Report date
 Target Date
 Implementation date
 Review Date
6.5.2 The Register is stored in secured location in Biman Central Server, which is backed up on a
regular basis as per Biman Server backup policy.

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CHAPTER 07

SAFETY ASSURANCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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7.0 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................................7.2

7.1 Elements of Safety Assurance ...............................................................................................................7.2

7.2 Safety Performance Monitoring and Measurement ..............................................................................7.2

O
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................7.2

C
Internal audit ..............................................................................................................................................7.2
Establishment and monitoring of SPIs .......................................................................................................7.3
Safety Objectives .......................................................................................................................................7.3
ED
Safety Performance Indicator (SPI)............................................................................................................7.3
Lagging and leading SPIs ..........................................................................................................................7.4
Defining SPIs .............................................................................................................................................7.4
LL
Safety Performance Targets (SPTs) ..........................................................................................................7.4
Alert level criteria........................................................................................................................................7.4
O

Refinement of SPIs and SPTs ...................................................................................................................7.4

SPI / SPT Templates, Alert level description and Datasheets ....................................................................7.5
TR

Responsibilities: .........................................................................................................................................7.5

7.3 Management of Change ..........................................................................................................................7.6

N

Why management of Change ....................................................................................................................7.6

Triggers of Change Management Process.................................................................................................7.6
O

Considerations for management of change process ..................................................................................7.6

Management of Change Process ...............................................................................................................7.7
C

7.4 Continuous Improvements of SMS ........................................................................................................7.8

N
U

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SAFETY ASSURANCE

7.0 Purpose
7.0.1. The previous chapter provides descriptions on Safety Risk Management (SRM), the main
component of SMS. SRM requires feedback on safety performance to complete the safety
management cycle. Safety assurance monitors and provides feedback on SMS performance.

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This chapter presents the processes, procedures and guidance for safety assurance.
7.0.2. The safety assurance components stated in this chapter provides the means to verify the safety
performance of the organization and to validate the effectiveness of safety risk controls.

O
7.1 Elements of Safety Assurance

C
There are three elements of safety assurance component:

a. Safety performance monitoring and measurement

b. The management of change
c. Continuous improvement of SMS
ED
LL
7.2 Safety Performance Monitoring and Measurement
O

Introduction
7.2.1. To verify the safety performance and validate the effectiveness of safety risk controls, Biman
TR

uses a combination of the followings:

a. internal audits; and

b. establishment and monitoring of SPIs
N

7.2.2. The effectiveness of the safety risk controls is assessed to help identify whether the right safety
risk control was selected and may result in the application of a different safety risk control
O

strategy.
C

Internal audit
7.2.3. Quality assurance program including internal audit is described in Corporate Quality Manual
N

(CQM). The objectives of quality assurance program (internal audit) stated in CQM also includes
monitoring and evaluation of the following SMS aspects:
U

 Identification of hazards, deviation or practical drift

 SPIs/SPTs
 change management activities and associated risk management
 effectiveness of risk controls
 compliance with regulations
 effectiveness of corrective action

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Note: Most aviation safety regulations are generic safety risk controls that have been established
by the State. Ensuring compliance with the regulations through the internal audit is a principle
aspect of safety assurance.

7.2.4. The following questions are asked to assess effectiveness:

 Do users understand the process or procedure?
 Is the purpose of the process or procedure being achieved consistently?
 Are the results of the process or procedure what the “customer” asked for?

PY
 Is the process or procedure regularly reviewed?
 Is a safety risk assessment conducted when there are changes to the process or
procedure?

O
 Have process or procedure improvements resulted in the expected benefits the purpose
of the process or procedure being achieved consistently?

C
Establishment and monitoring of SPIs

ED
7.2.5. Safety performance management process includes the following steps:

Define / refine safety objectives

LL
Define / refine safety performance indicators
O

Monitor and measure safety performance

TR

Identity actions required

N

Safety Objectives
O

7.2.6. Safety objectives set what we want to achieve in terms of safety and what are the top safety risks
that we need to address. Safety objectives provides strategic direction for the safety performance
C

management process (setting SPIs and SPTs, and associated actions).

7.2.7. How to define and refine safety objectives is stated in Chapter 2.
N

Safety Performance Indicator (SPI)

U

7.2.8. SPIs are the parameters that provide the organization with a view of its safety performance:
where it has been; where it is now; and where it is headed, in relation to safety.
7.2.9. Each selected SPI has to be:
 related to the safety objective they aim to indicate;
 databased parameter - selected or developed based on available data and reliable
measurement;
 specific and quantifiable; and
 realistic, by taking into account the possibilities and constraints of the organization.

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Lagging and leading SPIs

7.2.10. Lagging SPIs measure events that have already occurred. They are also referred to as
“outcome-based SPIs” and are normally (but not always) the negative outcomes we want to
avoid.
7.2.11. Leading SPIs are measures that focus on processes and inputs that are being implemented to
improve or maintain safety. These are also known as “activity or process SPIs” as they monitor
and measure conditions that have the potential to become or to contribute to a specific outcome.
For a more accurate and useful indication of safety performance, we need to select a combination of

PY
lagging SPIs (measuring both “low probability/high severity” events and “high probability/low
severity” events) and leading SPIs.

O
Defining SPIs

C
7.2.12. The contents of each SPI includes:
 a description of what the SPI measures;

ED
 the purpose of the SPI (what it is intended to manage and who it is intended to inform);
 the units of measurement and any requirements for its calculation;
 who is responsible for collecting, validating, monitoring, reporting and acting on the SPI
LL
 where or how the data should be collected; and
 the frequency of reporting, collecting, monitoring and analysis of the SPI data.
O

Safety Performance Targets (SPTs)

TR

7.2.13. Safety performance targets (SPTs) define short-term and medium-term safety performance
management desired achievements.
Note: The combination of safety objectives, SPIs and SPTs working together should be SMART.
N
O

Alert level criteria

C

7.2.14. Alert level criteria is set if it is anticipated that the occurrence can happen every month.
7.2.15. A corresponding alert level is identified for each safety performance indicator (data set), where
N

applicable, quantifying the unacceptable performance threshold (abnormal occurrence rate)

during a specified monitoring period (base year).
U

Refinement of SPIs and SPTs

7.2.16. Safety performance management is an ongoing activity. Safety risks and/or availability of data
change over time. Accordingly, the set of SPIs and SPTs selected by operational units are
reviewed at least twice a year to ensure their continued meaningfulness as indications of
organizational safety performance. The result of review may be to continue, discontinue or
change SPI and SPT.

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SPI / SPT Templates, Alert level description and Datasheets

7.2.17. Refer to Appendix F, G & H for the followings:
 SPI / SPT templates with associated explanation,
 Standard deviation formula used for alert level criteria
 Datasheets format with associated explanation

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Responsibilities:
a. Operational disciplines develop, review, amend, populate, monitor and take approval of
SPIs/SPTs.

O
b. MD & CEO or Executive Directors can approve the SPIs/SPTs
c. CSQ division conducts audits at least once a year to validate the SPIs/SPTs

C
ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

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7.3 Management of Change

Why management of Change

7.3.1. Change often introduces new hazards and related safety risks that are unknown or unforeseen
due to the fact that something different has been introduced into a known and familiar method.
Change may affect the appropriateness or effectiveness of existing safety risk mitigation
strategies. Change management process identifies changes within or external to the organization
that have the potential to affect the level of safety risks associated with aircraft operations, and to

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manage risks that may arise from or are affected by such changes.
7.3.2. Change management process is designed to ensure risk management is applied to any internal
or external changes that have the potential to affect established operational processes,
procedures, products and services.

O
Triggers of Change Management Process

C
7.3.3. Not all changes to a system require a full Change Management process, so it is important to
understand what triggers should be put in place that would activate a need for implementing
Change Management.
ED
7.3.4. There are specific conditions under which special attention for Change Management is
warranted:
LL
a. Anytime a major operational change is foreseen, including;
 Introduction of new aircraft type or major equipment into an operation
 New route/destination,
O

 New operations, procedures or programs,

 Modified operations, procedures or programs,
 New system designs,
TR

 Changes to existing system designs,

 Changes to key personnel that could significantly impact an operation.
b. External changes including new regulatory requirements or changes to the operating
N

environment (e.g. new/changed regulations, amendments to the dangerous goods

regulations, changes to the air traffic control system, etc.).
O

c. Before or during periods of significant organizational change that includes rapid growth
or downsizing, consolidations, key personnel changes, etc. This may be a result of
C

either internal or external impacts to the organization.

d. A problem is identified within the current operations often highlighted by an unexplained
N

increase in safety related events or regulatory infractions.

U

Considerations for management of change process

7.3.5. The management of change process should take into account the following considerations:

a. Criticality:
Criticality assessments determine the systems, equipment or activities that are essential
to the safe operation of aircraft. Systems, equipment and activities that have higher
safety criticality are reviewed following change to make sure that corrective actions can
be taken to control potentially emerging safety risks.
b. Availability of subject matter experts:

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It is important that key members of the aviation community are involved in the change
management activities; this may include individuals from external departments or
organizations.
c. Availability of safety performance data and information:
Past performance of critical systems and trend analyses in the safety assurance
process is typically employed to anticipate and monitor safety performance under
change.

PY
Management of Change Process
7.3.6. The change management process includes the following activities:

a. What is the change:

O
Understand and define the change; this should include why it is being implemented and
the time frame;

C
b. Who does the change affect?
Understand and define the scope - who and what it will affect; this may include:


ED
the individuals - internal or external
departments or external organization
c. Who is the owner of the change?
LL
Identify who is accountable for the change
d. Identify responsibilities
Detail who are responsible to implement the change and who needs to be involved
O

e. What is the impact of the change?

TR

Review the system and identify who and what will be impacted by the change:
 people
 systems, processes or equipment
N

 regulatory or other national/international requirements

 risk controls already in place to mitigate other risks
O

 safety culture
C

f. Safety issues and assessment of risks

 Identify hazards within the current program or system that may exceed current
N

controls if the change is introduced

 identify hazards that are introduced with the change or may be hidden within the
U

system
 review the impact on existing hazards and safety risk controls that may be
affected by the change
 assess and manage the associated risks as per risk management process
stated in chapter 5 and 6
g. Develop an action plan:
 Identify actions, including risk mitigation actions, to be done.
 Identify what to be done by whom and by when.

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7.4 Continuous Improvements of SMS

7.4.1. Biman ensures maintenance and continuous improvement of effectiveness of SMS by safety
assurance activities stated in this chapter including the verification and follow up of actions and
the internal audit processes.
7.4.2. Beside the Safety Assurance activities stated in this chapter, we use, for improvement of SMS,
the followings:
 Internal audit program stated in Corporate Quality Manual (CQM);

PY
 External audits such as CAAB, IOSA, customer airlines
 Management reviews, SAG meetings, as stated in Chapter 3 of this manual
 Communicating safety information to all personnel

O
 Safety training and briefing

C
 Eliminating/mitigating root causes of substandard performance of SMS
 Following the national and international requirements on SMS

ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

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CHAPTER 08

SMS TRAINING PROGRAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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8.0 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 8.2

O
8.1 Training Responsibilities........................................................................................................................ 8.2

8.2 SMS courses ......................................................................................................................................... 8.2

C
8.3 Safety Management Systems (SMS-1) course ...................................................................................... 8.3

8.4

8.5
ED
Safety Management Systems (SMS-2) course ...................................................................................... 8.4

SMS Awareness course (SMS-3) .......................................................................................................... 8.5

LL
8.6 SMS Reporting System (SMS-4) ........................................................................................................... 8.6

8.7 SMS for Senior Management (SMS-SM) ............................................................................................... 8.7

O

8.8 Hazard Identification and Risk Management (HIRM)............................................................................. 8.7

8.9 Recurrent Training ................................................................................................................................. 8.9

TR

8.10 Instructor Qualification: ........................................................................................................................ 8.11

8.11 Training services to other organization: ............................................................................................... 8.11

N
O
C
N
U

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CHAPTER 08
SMS Training Program

8.0 Purpose
8.0.1 It is essential to establish a comprehensive SMS Training Program that ensures each personnel
having safety responsibilities within the organization attains and maintains a requisite level of
competency depending on their level of safety duties within corporate Safety Management
System (SMS).

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8.0.2 The SMS Training Program is developed considering, and in compliance with, the requirements of
ICAO, CAAB and IOSA.

O
8.1 Training Responsibilities

C
8.1.1 SMS Manager performs, as and when necessary, assessment of training requirements in
consultation with the process owners of the operational areas within Biman SMS scope, as
applicable, considering individual employee’s responsibilities and involvement in the SMS.

ED
8.1.2 SMS Manager is responsible for development, review, amendment, necessary approval and
custody of SMS training program.
8.1.3 SMS Manager is responsible for selecting SMS instructors based on the criteria described in this
LL
chapter.
8.1.4 SMS instructors are responsible for developing course material, conducting the training and
evaluating the participants. The SMS Manager is responsible for monitoring effectiveness of the
O

training program.
8.1.5 The process owners are responsible for ensuring that each personnel having safety
TR

responsibilities is trained on SMS to attain and maintain a requisite level of competency

depending on their level of safety duties within SMS.
8.1.6 BATC and operational units are responsible for administering SMS training.
N

8.2 SMS courses

O

8.2.1 Considering the present implementation status of Biman SMS and safety roles of individual
employee, the following courses are identified for Biman employees:
C

a. Safety Management Systems (SMS-1) course

N

- for operational management people (Details given in provision 8.3)

b. Safety Management Systems (SMS-2) course

U

– for junior operational management (Details given in provision 8.4)

c. SMS Awareness (SMS-3)
(Details given in provision 8.5)

d. SMS Reporting System (SMS-4)

(Details given in provision 8.6)

e. SMS for Senior Management (SMS-SM)

(Details given in provision 8.7)
f. Hazard Identification and Risk Management (HIRM) workshop
(Details given in provision 8.8)

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g. SMS Recurrent Training

(Details given in provision 8.9)

8.2.2 If SMS Manager and/or head of operational discipline determine that an employee requires
attending an SMS course of higher level than the course applicable for his/her pay group, the
employee attends the training accordingly. If an employee has attended any higher level SMS
course, s/he does not need to attend the course applicable for his/her pay group.
8.2.3 In addition to the above courses, the SMS Manager can develop and arrange any course for a

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particular group of people, as deemed necessary to improve SMS performance.

8.3 Safety Management Systems (SMS-1) course

O
8.3.1 Course Objectives:
Upon completing this course, the participants will be able to:

C
 Demonstrate safety concepts from SMS perspective
 Demonstrate requirements of SMS and organizational SMS processes and procedures

ED
 Carry out safety related duties & responsibilities
 Identify hazards and manage the risk of consequences of hazards
 Demonstrate organization safety policy, objectives, safety performance monitoring,
LL
change management
8.3.2 Participants:
O

 Employees at Pay Group VIII and above of the operational areas including, but not
limited to, flight operations, engineering & maintenance, flight services, ground
operations, cargo operations, GSE.
TR

 Executive employees of safety & quality

 Instructors who provide SMS/safety training
N

8.3.3 Course Syllabus and Lesson Plan:

O

Sl. Subjects/topics Duration (Hours)

01. Concepts of safety and safety culture 03:00
C

02. Requirements of ICAO, CAAB, IOSA, etc. 00:30

03. Hazard analysis 04:30
N

04. Risk Management 07:00

05. SMS Framework, safety policy and objectives 03.00
U

06. Safety assurance, safety measurement 03:00

07. Safety promotion and reporting system 01:00
08. Review and Exam 02:00
Total Duration 24:00

8.3.4 Training Methodology:

a. Lecture, multimedia presentation
b. Exercise, group discussion & presentation
c. Course evaluation and exam.

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8.3.5 Course Evaluation and Exam:

Two types of evaluations are performed prior to the end of training. These are as follow:
a. Course participants provide their feedback by filling the course feedback forms
distributed to them.
b. To evaluate course participants’ achievements, the following assessment criteria and
scoring system are considered:

i) Exam 60

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ii) Performance on group discussion, interaction and exercise 40

The exam questionnaire is Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) based. The course
instructor(s) determine(s) the number of MCQs to be set in the exam.

O
c. To successfully complete the course, a participant need to obtain a minimum of 70%

C
marks totaling the scores mentioned in provision 8.3.5(b). A candidate gets distinction if
he/she obtains a minimum of 90% marks.

8.3.6 Certification:
ED
After completion of each course, the successful participants are awarded with certificates
signed by principal BATC. Unsuccessful participants are not awarded with certificates.
LL

8.4 Safety Management Systems (SMS-2) course

O

8.4.1 Course Objectives:

Upon completing this course the participants will be able to:
TR

 Demonstrate safety concepts from SMS perspective

 Explain requirements of SMS and organizational SMS processes and procedures
 Carry out safety related duties & responsibilities
N

 Explain safety risk management process

O

 Demonstrate organization safety policy and objectives

C

8.4.2 Participants:
Officials below pay group VIII of the operational areas including, but not limited to, flight
N

operations, engineering & maintenance, flight services, ground operations, cargo operations and
GSE.
U

8.4.3 Course Syllabus and Lesson Plan:

Sl. Subjects/topics Duration (Hours)
01. Concepts of safety and safety culture 03:00
02. safety policy and objectives, responsibilities 01:30
03. Hazard analysis and risk management 04:00
04. Safety assurance 01:30
05. Safety promotion and reporting system 01:00
06. Review and Exam 01:00
Total Duration 12:00

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8.4.4 Training Methodology:

a. Lecture, multimedia presentation
b. Course evaluation and exam.

8.4.5 Course Evaluation and Exam:

Two types of evaluations are performed prior to the end of training. These are as follow:

PY
a. Course participants provide their feedback by filling the course feedback forms
distributed to them.
b. The exam questionnaire is Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) based. The course

O
instructor(s) determine(s) the number of MCQs to be set in the exam.

C
c. To successfully complete the course, a participant need to obtain a minimum of 70%
marks. A candidate gets distinction if he/she obtains a minimum of 90% marks.

8.4.6 Certification:
ED
After completion of each course, the successful participants are awarded with certificates signed
by principal BATC. Unsuccessful participants are not awarded with certificates.
LL
8.5 SMS Awareness course (SMS-3)
8.5.1 Course Objectives:
O

Upon completing this training, the participants will be able to:

 Explain what SMS is and why this is important for an organization
TR

 Carry out duties and responsibilities related to safety

 Report hazards and safety deficiencies
N

8.5.2 Participants:
O

 Cockpit crew and cabin crew.

 Employees at staff level [Pay group III (2) – V] of the operational area
C
N

Note:
Those employees who have already participated Safety Management Systems (SMS) Course or
U

Hazard Identification and Risk Management (HIRM) course or Senior Management SMS course
or equivalent do not need to participate to this course.

8.5.3 Course Syllabus and Lesson Plan:

Sl. Subjects/topics Duration (Hours)

01. Concept of Safety/SMS 02:00
02. Safety policy and objectives 01:00
03. Roles and responsibilities related to safety 00:30
Components and elements of Safety 01:30

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Safety reporting system 01:00

Total Duration 06:00

8.5.4 Training Strategies:

a. The course is integrated/incorporated into all indoctrination/ familiarization training
tailored for newly hired employees at pay group III(2) and above.
b. This course is incorporated in the following training courses:

PY
(i) Senior Management Course
(ii) Junior Management Course
(iii) Integrated Station Management Course

O
c. This may be arranged as a standalone course

8.5.5 Training Methodology:

C
Lecture, multimedia projection

8.5.6 Certification: ED
No separate certification is provided to the participants. Only the training records are maintained.
LL
8.6 SMS Reporting System (SMS-4)
8.6.1 Course Objectives:
O

Upon completing this training, the participants will be able to:

 Explain their safety responsibilities;
TR

 Report safety hazards and safety deficiencies;

8.6.2 Participants:
All staff who do not require attending above mentioned courses (provision 8.3 – 8.5), including
N

helpers, loaders, cleaners, drivers, etc. and working in operational areas.

O

8.6.3 Course Syllabus and Lesson Plan:

Course content includes introduction to Biman SMS and Safety Reporting Systems stated in
C

Biman. The course duration is 3 hours.

8.6.4 Training Strategies:
N

a. This course is integrated/incorporated into all indoctrination/familiarization training

U

tailored for newly hired employees who do not require attending other SMS training.
b. This may be arranged as a standalone course
c. For contractual crew who has evidence of having attended SMS training, hard or soft
copy of Biman Confidential Reporting System can be sent to them, they will provide
acknowledgment that they have understood the system
8.6.5 Certification:
No certification is provided to the participants. Only the training records are maintained.

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8.7 SMS for Senior Management (SMS-SM)

8.7.1 Course Objectives:
Upon completing this course the participants will be able to:
 Demonstrate components and elements of SMS
 Promote safety policy, SMS and positive safety culture;
 Perform effectively interdepartmental safety communications;
 Demonstrate international and national safety requirements and improve cooperation

PY
with regulatory authorities
 Demonstrate/development/amend safety policy, safety objectives, safety performance
indicators, safety performance targets, disciplinary policy.

O
 Allocate and prioritize allocation of resources;
 Carry out SMS accountabilities and responsibilities

C
8.7.2 Participants:
Managing Director & CEO, Executive Directors, non-operational General Managers or equivalent
positions who did not attend SMS-1 training.ED
8.7.3 Course Syllabus and Lesson Plan:
LL
Sl. Subjects/topics Duration (Hours)
01. Concept of Safety/SMS 01:00
02. National and international requirements 00:30
O

03. Safety policy and objectives, safety culture 01:00

04. Safety accountability and responsibility 00:30
TR

05. Components and elements of Safety 02:00

06. Safety performance and safety promotion 01:00
Total Duration 06:00
N

Note: When the MD & CEO is the only one participant, the training may be for 03 hours
O

8.7.4 Training Methodology:

a. Multimedia presentation
C

b. Open discussion
N

8.7.5 Certification:
U

After completion of each course, the participants are awarded with attendance certificates signed
by principal BATC.

8.8 Hazard Identification and Risk Management (HIRM)

8.8.1 Course Objectives:
Upon completing the training, the participants will be able to:
a. Collect safety data, identify hazards to safety and analyze hazards
b. Asses associated risks of the consequences of the identified hazards

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c. Develop strategies for mitigation of risks

d. Record hazards and associated risks and manage safety documentation
e. Use risk management tools in decision making process to continually improve safety
performance
f. Monitor effectiveness of the mitigation/control strategies
8.8.2 Participants:
a. Members of the Safety Action Groups (SAGs)

PY
b. Manager and above positions of the operational areas like flight operations,
engineering & maintenance, flight services, cargo operations, ground operations, GSE,
who require performing HIRM, setting Safety Performance Indicators and making Data
Driven Decision Making

O
c. Instructors who provide SMS/HIRM training

C
* Note: to attend the initial course a participant should have completed Safety Management
Systems course or equivalent.

8.8.3 Course Syllabus and Lesson Plan:

Sl. Subjects/topics
ED Duration
(Hours)
LL
01. Hazard analysis 02:00
02. Exercise on hazard analysis 03:00
03. Risk assessment, risk index, risk tolerability, risk 02:00
O

control/mitigation
04. Exercise on risk management and risk documentation 05:00
TR

05. Safety assurance, safety performance monitoring 02:00

06. Data Driven Decision Making (D3M) 01:00
07. Feedback & Exam 01:00
Total Duration 18:00
N

8.8.4 Training Methodology:

O

a. Lecture, multimedia presentation

C

b. Exercise, group discussion & presentation

c. Course evaluation and exam.
N

8.8.5 Course Evaluation and Exam:

U

Two types of evaluations are conducted prior to the end of training. These are as follow:
a. To evaluate the course and the course instructor, evaluation forms are distributed to the
participants; and the participants fill up the form assessing the information given in the
form.
b. To evaluate course participants’ achievements, the following assessment criteria and
scoring system are considered:
i) Exam 40
ii) Performance on exercises 60

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The exam questionnaire is Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) based. The course
instructor(s) determine(s) the number of MCQs to be set in the exam.

c. To successfully complete the course, a participant needs to obtain a minimum of 70%

marks. A candidate gets distinction if he/she obtains a minimum of 90% marks.
8.8.6 Certification:
After completion of each course, the successful participants are awarded with certificates signed
by principal BATC. Unsuccessful participants are not awarded with certificates.

PY
8.9 Recurrent Training
8.9.1 Biman provides recurrent training to ensure personnel maintain continuing competency in SMS

O
duties.
8.9.2 The recurrent training frequency is once every three years.

C
8.9.3 The details of the recurrent training for different roll will be as follow:

Initial Training
Safety Management System
(SMS-1)
ED Recurrent Training
SMS-1 Recurrent Training
Remarks
Note 1*

Safety Management System SMS-2 Recurrent Training Note 1*

LL
(SMS-2)
SMS Awareness SMS-3 Recurrent Training Note 1*
(SMS-3)
O

SMS Reporting System N/A Note 2*

(SMS-4)
TR

Hazard Identification and Risk N/A Note 2*

Management (HIRM) course
SMS for senior Management N/A Note 3*
(SMS-SM)
N

* Note 1
O

There is no exam for recurrent training of duration 6 hours or less. However, if any external entity
such as regulatory authority, customers, etc. requires exam for personnel of a particular section,
C

the exam will be conducted. The instructors are responsible for taking exam on multiple choice
questions.
N

* Note 2
There is no recurrent training for SMS Reporting System (SMS-4) course or HIRM course. If SMS
U

Manager or process owners of a particular area assesses that the people concerned require
recurrent training, they will be given full training (initial) conducted.

* Note 3
There is no recurrent training for SMS for Senior Management. If required, they are given full
training (initial)

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8.9.4 Syllabi
The syllabus of a recurrent training includes changes to SMS policies, processes and procedures
relevant to the syllabus of the corresponding initial training as well as any specific safety issues
relevant to the organization.

8.9.5 Training strategy

Depending on magnitude of changes to SMS policies, processes and procedures as well as any
specific safety issues relevant to the organization, the SMS Manager selects one of the following

PY
strategy for recurrent training:
a. Classroom training
b. Instructor-guided online training

O
c. Training bulletin method

C
If a person completes, instead of recurrent training, any SMS training applicable for his roll/pay
group or above, within due date of recurrent training, his recurrent training due date will be

ED
calculated from the 2nd initial training. Participating HIRM initial or recurrent training fulfils the
requirement of recurrent training for personnel at any roll.
8.9.6 Classroom training
LL
If the SMS Manager determines that conditions for training bulletin method are not met, class
room training is provided as follows:
O

Recurrent Training Duration*

SMS-1 Recurrent Training 10 Hours
SMS-2 Recurrent Training 05 Hours
TR

SMS-3 Recurrent Training 03 Hours

* Duration: course duration mentioned in the above table is for guidance. The actual duration is
N

determined based on circumstances

8.9.7 Instructor-guided online training method

O

In case of reasons beyond control for which classroom training is not feasible, online classes are
C

conducted.
a. The preferred way of online training method is by using Google Classroom
N

(Classroom.google.com). However, other platform may be used.

b. The session includes students’ registration, attendance, distribution of training
U

materials; giving exam/quiz/assignments to students and getting those items back from
the students and evaluating the students work.
c. Instructor of the SMS Course collects all the email addresses of participants and invites
them thru Google Classroom. Participants are connected through any device (example
Smart Phone, Laptop or desktop) having camera, microphone and headphone.
Instructor sends the link of Google Meet through Classroom and the students are
connected in the Meet session.
d. In the video conferencing session of Google Meet, Instructor presents the slides as
normal classroom. He is able to go for any kind of communication with the participants.
Participants are asked to mute their microphone and make their video camera on for all
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times. When a student wants to speak something, he unmutes his microphone and can
participate in the communication. This is for avoiding noise in the system.
e. If required, Online examination is given at the end of the course for a specific duration.
After the time is over student cannot enter/submit that question.

8.9.8 Training bulletin method

This method can be applied if:
a. there are minor changes to SMS policies, processes and procedures affecting the

PY
syllabus of the corresponding initial training;
b. training bulletin can be provided in hardcopy or softcopy format via email;
c. SMS Manager determines that the participants can understand the contents of the

O
bulletin without classroom training;

C
d. if applicable, exam can be taken in hardcopy or softcopy format via email.

8.10 Instructor Qualification:

8.10.1 General Qualification: ED
To conduct any SMS course, the instructor requires meeting the following criteria:
LL
a. S/he has successfully completed Safety Management System (SMS) course or
equivalent;
b. S/he has successfully completed Instructional Technique course or equivalent;
O

c. S/he has at least 3-years working experience in the operational/technical areas,

instructor experience in operational areas or working experience in safety and/or
TR

quality;

8.10.2 Specific Qualification

N

To qualify for an instructor to conduct the Safety Management Systems (SMS-1), Hazard
Identification and Risk Management (HIRM) and SMS for Senior Management (SMS-SM), the
O

instructor requires fulfilling the following requirements in addition to the general qualification
stated above:
C

a. S/he has successfully completed Hazard Identification & Risk Management (HIRM)
course or equivalent; or
N

b. S/he has at least one-year experience in risk assessment

U

8.11 Training services to other organization:

8.11.1 Any person from outside Biman may participate any of the courses outlined in this chapter upon
taking written consent from Principal BATC, in the course scheduled for Biman employees.
Principal BATC determines the course fee for the external participants. Participation from CAAB
may be free of cost.
8.11.2 The course may be scheduled and conducted solely for external participants where there are no
participants from Biman. The venue may at BATC or at the customers’ determined premises. The
customers required contacting Principal BATC in this regards. Principal BATC negotiates and
determines the course fee and other fees as applicable.

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CHAPTER 09

CONFIDENTIAL REPORTING SYSTEM (CRS)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9.0 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................9.2

PY
9.1 Safety Reporting Policy: .........................................................................................................................9.2
9.2 CRS Objectives: .....................................................................................................................................9.2
9.3 Who to report..........................................................................................................................................9.3

O
9.4 What to report.........................................................................................................................................9.3

C
9.5 How to report ..........................................................................................................................................9.3
9.6 Getting people involved ..........................................................................................................................9.4
9.7 Report Processing and Analysis.............................................................................................................9.4
ED
Report Processing ..................................................................................................................................9.4
Report Analysis.......................................................................................................................................9.4
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

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Chapter 09
Confidential Reporting System (CRS)

9.0 Purpose
9.0.1 Biman uses different type of report forms for use by the operational personnel at different
disciplines for reporting safety hazards, deficiencies, events, safety concerns, human factors and
discrepancies existing in the operational system which may have the potential to cause injury to

PY
human or damage to property. Such reporting forms include mandatory occurrence report (MOR),
air safety report (ASR), flight log/debrief report, ground occurrence report, dangerous goods
incident report, pilot proficiency check report, incident report, fatigue report, etc. These reporting
forms are stated in different operational manuals.

O
9.0.2 Beside these reporting system stated above, Biman uses a generic type of reporting system,

C
Confidential Reporting System (CRS), to be used by any employee of Biman or sub-contractors.
This chapter describes the CRS system and processing of safety reports submitted by people.
9.1 Safety Reporting Policy:
ED
a. Voluntary Participation: Biman Bangladesh Airlines always encourages all employees to
voluntarily submit reports to identify safety hazards, expose safety deficiencies and raise safety
concerns.
LL
b. Non-punitive: Management does not take any disciplinary action against an employee who
discloses a safety concern, unless such disclosure is, beyond any reasonable doubt, an illegal
act, gross negligence, or a deliberate or willful disregard (rule-breaking) of regulations or
O

procedures.
c. Independent: Safety reporting system is necessary for trust building and unbiased
TR

dissemination of safety information.

d. Confidentiality protection: Protection of identity is provided through de-identification of
persons and any other information.
N

e. Trained: To build up awareness on safety, safety management system and safety reporting
system, different level of SMS training is provided to operational as well as non-operational
O

personnel throughout the organization in accordance with chapter 8 of this manual.

C

9.2 CRS Objectives:

N

9.2.1 The key objective of Biman confidential reporting system (CRS) is to enhance the safety of our
company’s aviation activities through the collection of reports on actual or potential safety
U

deficiencies that would otherwise not be reported through other channels.

9.2.2 The Confidential Reporting System (CRS) is a voluntary, non-punitive and confidential occurrence
and hazard reporting system.
9.2.3 Safety reporting provides information to the concerned Management to assist them in reaching the
goal of identifying and eliminating unsafe conditions to prevent accident.
9.2.4 CRS promotes the ability of safety professionals to conduct more prospective safety analysis.
Note. — Hazard or occurrence related to Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE)
are outside the scope of this CRS.

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9.3 Who to report

9.3.1 Any employee of the organization irrespective of his/her position/rank is eligible to report.
9.3.2 Frontline personnel like crews, flight dispatcher, maintenance engineers, technicians, ground
handling personnel, cargo people, security staff, safety people, etc. who are exposed to hazards
and face challenging situation as part of their everyday activities are supposed to participate in this
voluntary and confidential reporting system.

9.4 What to report

PY
9.4.1 Any action, inaction or existing condition which an employee thinks may affect safety of operation
is to be reported.
9.4.2 The scope of reportable hazards is given in provision 4.4 of this manual.

O
9.5 How to report

C
9.5.1 Confidential report can be made in any of the following way
a. Email:
ED
Reporter can send an email describing the hazard/threat or occurrences. Email address:
[email protected]

b. Letter:
LL
Reporter can write letter describing the hazard/threat or occurrences to SMS Manager.
Address: General Manager
Corporate Safety and Quality,
O

Room-313, 2nd Floor, Biman Admin Building

Hazrat Shahjalal Intl. Airport, Kurmitola, Dhaka-1229
TR

c. Prescribed Form
Reporter can fill the CRS form given in Appendix I, J & K electronically or in hard copy. Hard
copy can be found in safety reporting boxes situated at different locations and in onboard
N

aircraft library. The form is also available at Corporate Safety and Quality department. The
electronic copy of the form is distributed time to time via email to all employees having Biman
O

email account or any other account submitted to Biman. The completed form can be
submitted electronically to above email address as attachment or mechanically to above
address or can be dropped into the nearest safety reporting box.
C

9.5.2 In any form of reporting stated above, at least the following information of the reporter have to be
N

included so that the reporter can be contacted for further clarification or provided with the outcome
of his/her report as required:
U

 Name
 Designation
 Telephone/Cellphone no and/or email address

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9.6 Getting people involved

9.6.1 To build confidence in the reporting process and encourage more reporting, the following measures
are taken:
 Personnel are facilitated with reporting channel and making available the reporting forms
 All persons are trained on reporting systems, types of behaviors which are not acceptable
and conditions under which disciplinary action would not apply
 Safety policy with reporting policy is communicated to all employees

PY
 All safety reports are addressed so that reporters have the trust and confidence on the
system
 an acknowledgement of report receipt is provided to reporter;

O
 Continuous monitoring of safe behavior is practiced;

C
9.7 Report Processing and Analysis
Report Processing

ED
9.7.1 The Corporate Safety and Quality (CSQ) pays particular attention to the need to protect the
reporter’s identity when processing the reports. CSQ official may contact the reporter to make sure
s/he understands the nature and circumstances of the occurrence/hazard reported and/or to obtain
the necessary additional information and clarification.
LL
9.7.2 Every CRS report is read and validated by CSQ. If the reported issue is not a safety concern, the
report is not processed further, only the report is recorded. If the reported issue is a safety concern
and information obtained is complete and coherent, the report is de-identified before further
O

processing.
TR

9.7.3 Relevant de-identified reports and extracts are shared with relevant Safety Action Group (SAG) for
further analysis and subsequent corrective measures.
Report Analysis
N

9.7.4 Reports are analyzed following the steps below (refer to Appendix A):
Step 1: Determine from the risk register if the reported safety issue(s)/hazard(s) were previously
O

analyzed and risks were assessed. If ‘Yes’ go to Step 3, if ‘No’ go to Step 2.

Step 2: Hazard identification and risk management (HIRM) were not performed before, perform
C

HIRM.
Step 3: If the reported safety issue/hazards were previously analyzed and risks were assessed,
N

consider the gravity of safety concern and take measures as follows:

U

a. Assess the risk control(s) as ‘Ineffective’ and go to Step 4

b. Wait for reports on similar safety issue/hazard
Step 4: If risk controls are assessed as ‘Ineffective’, take measures as follows:
a. If the right safety risk control was selected, identify the root cause and take
corrective actions; or
b. Reassess and adopt a different safety risk control strategy
Note: If a reported issue relates to deviation from a mandatory/regulatory requirement, no
risk assessment is necessary, just identify the root causes and take
corrective/necessary actions.

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CHAPTER 10

FLIGHT SAFETY DOCUMENTS SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

10.0 Purpose......................................................................................................................................... 10.2

PY
10.1 Compliance and Conformity .......................................................................................................... 10.2
10.2 Scope of Flight Safety Documents System ................................................................................... 10.2
10.3 Organization of Flight Safety Documents ...................................................................................... 10.3

O
10.4 Documentation Requirements ....................................................................................................... 10.5
10.5 Controlled Document .................................................................................................................... 10.5

C
10.6 Document Identification and Control ............................................................................................. 10.6
10.7 Documents Authority and Responsibility ....................................................................................... 10.7
10.8
10.9
ED
Manual Preparation/Review/Update Procedure ............................................................................ 10.7
Approval Procedure ...................................................................................................................... 10.8
10.10 Distribution Procedure ................................................................................................................... 10.8
LL
10.11 Manual Design .............................................................................................................................. 10.8
10.12 Formatting and Style ................................................................................................................... 10.10
O

10.13 Retention Procedure ................................................................................................................... 10.10

TR

10.14 Obsolete/Reproduced Documents .............................................................................................. 10.11

10.15 External Documents/Data............................................................................................................ 10.11
10.16 Control of Loose Documents ....................................................................................................... 10.11
N
O
C
N
U

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CHAPTER 10
FLIGHT SAFETY DOCUMENTS SYSTEM

10.0 Purpose
10.0.1. This chapter provides guidance on the organization, development and amendment of
operational documents or data as a part of the integrated Flight Safety Documents System as
required by the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB).

PY
10.1 Compliance and Conformity
10.1.1. This Flight Safety Documents System is prepared in compliance with, or in conformity to, the

O
following regulations and requirements:

a. ANO (OPS) H2 – FLIGHT SAFETY DOCUMENTS SYSTEM

C
b. ICAO Annex 6, Part 1 – ISARP 3.3.4 and ATTACHMENT G. FLIGHT SAFETY
DOCUMENTS SYSTEM
c. IOSA Standards Manual (ISM)
ED
10.2 Scope of Flight Safety Documents System
LL
10.2.1. The scope of Biman flight safety documents system includes all the documents related to
operational policies/processes/procedures of the following operational areas:

a. Flight Operations including flight dispatch

O

b. Engineering and maintenance

TR

c. Cabin operations
d. Airport Services and Ground Services
e. Cargo operations
N

f. Ground Support Equipment

g. Security
O

h. Flight Safety
C

i. Engineering Quality Assurance

j. Corporate Safety and Quality
N

k. IT division
U

l. O&M/Admin/Corporate Planning
10.2.2. Biman Flight Safety Documents System consists of, but not limited to, the following
Manuals/documents/data:

a. Corporate Policy Manual

b. O&M Manuals
c. Safety Management System Manual
d. Corporate Quality Manual
e. Emergency Response Manual

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f. Operations Manual (Part A, B, C, D)

g. All aircraft type-specific operating manuals
h. Maintenance Control Manual
i. All aircraft maintenance/procedure manuals/data
j. Cabin Operations and Safety Manual
k. Flight Dispatch Manual
l. Ground Services Manual

PY
m. Flight Data Analysis Program Manual
n. GSE Operations Manual
o. Cargo Operations Manual

O
p. Maintenance Organization Procedures Manual

C
q. All operational training manuals
r. Flight Safety Manual
s. Security manuals
t. Corporate Planning Manual
ED
u. IT manuals
LL
10.2.3. Any mention of ‘Flight Safety Documents’ refers to any of the manuals listed in provision
10.2.2; and the ‘Flight Safety Documents’ concept and requirements stated in this chapter are
applicable to all these documents if not otherwise required by a competent authority.
O
TR

10.3 Organization of Flight Safety Documents

10.3.1. A flight safety documents (operational documents) is organized according to criteria which
ensure easy access to information required for flight and ground operations contained in the
various operational documents.
N

10.3.2. Information contained in a flight safety documents is grouped according to the importance and
O

use of the information. Provisions 10.3.3 to 10.3.7 provide guidance on how information can be
grouped.
C

10.3.3. Time-critical Information e.g., information that can jeopardize the safety of the operation if
not immediately available.
N

Time-critical information including, but not limited to, the followings are placed early and
prominently in the flight safety documents system
U

a. Emergency contact information is placed in the front of at least one main operational
manual of each operational area which is always available to and accessible by the
operational people. Emergency contact information is also provided in home screen
of the Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs).
b. Each station office maintains a list of emergency contact information of the station
concern and places the same in the front of the Ground Operations Manual alongside
Biman emergency contact information.
c. Technical/safety bulletins, notice or circular or any other instruction that provide
immediate measures against any safety concern are placed in the front of at least
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one main operational manual of each operational area which is always available to
and accessible by the operational people. The issuing authority of such information is
responsible for determining the criticality of the information and ensuring that the
information is duly inserted in the manuals.

10.3.4. Time-sensitive information, e.g., information that can affect the level of safety or delay the
operation if not available in a short time period. The time-sensitive information is made
available as follows:

PY
a. The fuel information, weight & balance information and take-off alternate data of a
particular flight are included with the operational flight plan.
b. Emergency procedures are provided in quick reference guidance manual. Each of the
procedures is tabbed for easy access. These manual are standalone manual.

O
c. Aircraft Maintenance Logs are available at each aircraft to reflect current status of the

C
aircraft. MEL/CDL is published for each type of aircraft.
d. Each station (including Dhaka and outstations) maintains a list of all service providers
at a particular station so that safety information can be available within shortest
ED
possible time and flight delay can be minimized. Each station makes available all the
manuals/documents published by service providers and local regulatory authorities.
e. Biman publishes a Telephone Directory on a regular basis containing name,
designation, telephone number (official, residential), cellphone number, email
LL
account, etc. as available, and distributed to all position holders having PSTN/PABX
connections at all location (including outstations) so that any employee can make
calls any time as required.
O

10.3.5. Frequently used information.

TR

Frequently used information is provided in the following manuals for the use by the relevant
operational personnel:

a. Operations manual (Part A, B, C, D)

N

b. All aircraft type-specific operating manuals

c. Maintenance Control Manual
O

d. All aircraft maintenance manuals

e. Cabin Operations and Safety Manual
C

f. Flight Dispatch Manual

g. Ground Operations Manual
N

h. Flight Operations Training Program Manual

i. GSE Operations Manual
U

j. Cargo Operations Manual

k. Maintenance Organization Procedures Manual
l. Security manuals

10.3.6. Reference information, e.g., information that is required for the operation but does not fall
under 10.3.4 or 10.3.5 above.
The information which is not frequently used by a particular discipline but is frequently used by
another discipline is only referenced in the manual to avoid duplication of information.
10.3.7. The checklist documents are prepared to provide checklists for different phases of operation
sequentially.
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10.4 Documentation Requirements

10.4.1. The documents are published in hardcopy (paper) medium which are distributed to the manual
holders or made electronically (.pdf file format) available at Biman online documentation system
(http://bimandocs.com) which are accessed within Biman intranet. [As per IOSA, this sort of
documentation is called Type 3 Documentation]
10.4.2. The documents are in consistent with the policies stated in this chapter and fulfil the
requirements, to include processes for:

PY
a. Identification of the version (issue/revision) and effective date of operational documents
or data;
b. Distribution and/or dissemination that ensures all users are provided relevant
documents and/or data on or before the effective date:

O
 Throughout appropriate areas of the organization;

C
 To external service providers that conduct outsourced operational functions.
c. Definition of the specific media type (paper or electronic) designated for presentation
or display of the controlled version of relevant documents and/or data.
ED
d. Definition of documentation and/or data that is considered to be reproduced and/or
obsolete.
e. Review and revision to maintain the currency of relevant documents and/or data.
LL
a. Retention that ensures access to the content of relevant documents and/or data for a
minimum defined period.
O

b. Provision for a scheduled backup by copying and archiving relevant documents and/or
data, to include validation of the documents or data being backed up.
TR

c. Identification and allocation of documentation access/user and modification rights.

d. Dissemination and/or accessibility of documentation received from external sources
such as regulatory authorities and original equipment manufacturers.
N

10.4.3. All operational documents:

O

a. contain legible and accurate information;

b. be presented in a format appropriate for use;
C

c. if applicable, be accepted or approved by CAAB

N

10.4.4. All operational documents are, if not otherwise mentioned, written in English. If a particular
document or a portion(s) thereof requires being written in Bengali, the document explicitly
U

mentions the language in both English and Bengali and the title of the document is to be both
in English and Bengali.

10.5 Controlled Document

10.5.1. A document that is subject to processes that provide for the positive control of content, revision,
publication, distribution, availability and retention.
10.5.2. Document control included:
 Retention of a master copy;
 Examination and approval prior to issue;
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 Review and update, to include an approval process;

 Identification of revision status;
 Identification and retention of revisions as history;
 Distribution to ensure appropriate availability at points of use;
 As applicable, identification and retention of obsolete documents;
 As applicable, disposal of documents.
10.5.3. Additionally, control of operational manuals includes:

PY
 Assignment of an individual with responsibility for approval for contents;
 A title page that generally identifies the operational applicability and functionality;
 A table of contents that identifies parts and sub-parts;
 An introduction outlining the general contents of the manual;

O
 Reference numbers for the content of the manual;

C
 A defined distribution method and identification of recipients;
 Identification of responsibility for authorizing the manual;
 A record of revisions, both temporary and permanent;
ED
 A list of effective pages within the manual;
 Identification of revised content.
10.5.4. Each “loose” documented procedure that is not held within a manual typically includes:
LL
 A title page that identifies the operational applicability and functionality;
 Identification of the date(s) of issue and date of effectiveness;
O

 Reference numbers for the content;

 A distribution list;
TR

 Identification of responsibility for authorizing the document.

10.6 Document Identification and Control

N

10.6.1. Each of the documents has a corporate document number. The document number is shown at
the top right corner of the manual cover and the title page. The document number for the
O

manuals are assigned and published in the Corporate Policy Manual.

10.6.2. Each Controlled copies of a particular manual have a unique copy number in the title page to
C

ensure easy traceability. For hardcopy document, a "Controlled Copy" mark is stamped and
signed by the executive having distribution authority/responsibility. An uncontrolled copy does
N

not have copy number, controlled mark and signature. The uncontrolled copy may contain
"Uncontrolled Copy" mark stamped in the title page. The uncontrolled copies may not be
U

revised/updated and cannot be used or referenced in conducting daily operation but may be
used in training or rough use.
10.6.3. Each manual type has a title shown on both the cover and the title page. The manuals have
issue number with issue date and revision number with revision date. If the effective date is
different from issue date, the effective date must be stated. If there is no effective date
mentioned in the document, the issue date is considered as the effective date. The manual
prepared for the first time has issue number 1 (one) with issue date and the revision number 0
(zero) with the revision date blank. In the cases of revisions, the revised pages contain the
same issue number and issue date, but the revision number is incremented by 1 (one) for each

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revision with revision date. If the revision date is not the effective date, the effective date must
be mentioned; otherwise, the revision date is the effective date.

10.7 Documents Authority and Responsibility

10.7.1. The Head of the operational unit is responsible and accountable for ensuring that the
documents pertaining to the operational unit are in consistent with the documentation
management requirements stated in this Chapter.
10.7.2. Each of the manuals explicitly states:

PY
a. who has the authority of the manual;
b. who is responsible for revision/update/upgrade process;

O
c. who is responsible for checking/verifying;
d. who is responsible for taking approval;

C
e. who is responsible for distribution and acknowledgement receipt;
f. who is responsible for retention of the obsolete manual for specified time.
ED
10.7.3. The personnel having manual authority and revision responsibility review the manual on a
regular basis, at least once a year, or any time when it deems necessary.
10.7.4. The hardcopy manual holders are responsible for inserting revision pages into the manual
LL
whenever they receive any revision pages.

10.8 Manual Preparation/Review/Update Procedure

O

10.8.1. In preparing/creating a new manual/document for a particular discipline or a portion thereof,

TR

the process owner or the head of the department arranges a meeting and chairs the meeting
with respective/relevant officials. The meeting nominates/selects, based on knowledge, skills
and expertise, the person or persons who will prepare the manual. The meeting decides and
selects the executives who will have the documentation authority and responsibilities as stated
N

in provision 10.7.2.
10.8.2. In the cases of document revision (update/upgrade/change), the executive having revision
O

responsibility performs schedule reviews as stated in the document (at least once a year). If
the review process does not lead to any change to the document, manual is not
C

updated/amended; but the review record is preserved.

10.8.3. Other than the scheduled review, the documents are reviewed:
N

 after technology changes (introduction of new equipment);

U

 after changes of regulations;

 after changes of Biman policies and requirements;
 after changes in any documents of the company which affect other documents;
 if manual holders or the users of the document ask for reasonable and objective
changes;
 if any change in AOC;
 if there is any mistakes/errors in the document and perform reviews as and when it
deems necessary;
 after any change for purposes of maintaining cross fleet standardization.

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10.8.4. If the revision requires more than 70% pages to be updated/changed, it is recommended that
a complete issue of the document be published, with new issue number and issue date, with
issue number incremented by 1 (one) with the previous issue number.
10.8.5. To identify revised content, the published revision of a manual contains a straight vertical line
on the left margins indicating that the adjacent information on the page has been changed. A
new issue of a document does not contain change symbols. In the cases of revisions or new
issue, a 'Revision Highlights' should accompany the documents indicating and briefing each
significant change.

PY
10.8.6. After preparation/revision of the document, the executive having verification/check
responsibility/authority verifies the document.

O
10.9 Approval Procedure
10.9.1. After preparation or revision of the document, the executive having responsibility for taking

C
necessary approval from the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer and/or CAAB, as
applicable, make necessary arrangement for approval. The written request for approval is sent
to the approving authority within the time period as specified in the respective document.

ED
10.9.2. The executive responsible for taking approval shall retain the original approval copy and insert
a copy of the same into every manual distributed.
LL
10.10 Distribution Procedure
10.10.1. There is a distribution list of a document as a part of the document or in a register book. The
distribution list specifies:
O

a. who is to be provided with hardcopy document or soft copy;

TR

b. who will be entitled to access the document published in the online documents system
(www.bimandocs.com).
10.10.2. The executive having distribution responsibility
N

a. uploads the document, or send the document to IT division to upload, in the online
documentation system (http://bimandocs.com);
O

b. distributes the hardcopy document or revised portion thereof to each controlled

hardcopy manual holder;
C

c. emails softcopy document to the controlled softcopy manual holder;

N

d. ensures that the documents are distributed and acknowledged. He/she keeps the
records of acknowledgement receipts.
U

10.11 Manual Design

10.11.1. For human factors consideration, consistent look, easy reference and ease of use, all
operational manuals have the following structure and sequence of manual contents for the first
three chapters.
10.11.2. Cover and Title Page
a. Cover page of each manual is designed in accordance with Appendix C);
b. Title Page generally identifies the applicability and functionality and is designed in
accordance with Appendix D;
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10.11.3. Chapter 0: General

0 (zero) is the Chapter Number, Chapter name is "General". The General Chapter includes the
followings sequentially:
a. Foreword - background or source reference is identified and retained as history;
b. Preface (optional) - introduction outlining the general purpose of the manual and/or
the revision;
c. Table of Contents - parts and sub-parts are identified;

PY
d. Distribution List - to ensure appropriate availability at point of use;
e. Record of revisions - identifies pages revised, revision and approval status;
f. Record of Temporary Revision (optional) - the revision pages temporary in nature

O
which may be removed when included in normal revision;

C
g. List of Effective Pages - provides listing of all the pages with information of issue
number, issue date, revision number, revision date, etc.;
h. Abbreviations and Acronyms - List all the abbreviations/acronyms used in the
manual with elaboration; ED
i. Definitions - define all the terms, words, phrases, etc. which bears specified
meaning in the manual;
LL
10.11.4. Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter no. is 1 (one) and the Chapter name is "Introduction) The Introduction Chapter
O

includes as a minimum, but not limited to, the followings:

TR

a. Purpose - states the purpose of the chapter;

b. Manual Structure - states the number and name of the chapters in the manual;
c. Manual Authority - Assigns authority and accountability for the manual;
N

d. Revision Responsibility - Assigns responsibility for revision/update/change to the

manual;
O

e. Verification Responsibility - Assigns responsibility for verification/checking;

f. Responsibility for taking approval - Assigns responsibility for taking approval;
C

g. Distribution Responsibility - Assigns manual distribution responsibility;

N

h. Retention Responsibility - Assigns responsibility for retention of obsolete

documents;
U

i. Documentation System - expresses documentation system of the manual. Lists all

the publications, internal or external, which are referenced in the manual or which are
the constituent part of the manual. This may include the exemptions, i.e. the
portion(s) of a document which are not applicable to the manual.
j. Applicability - defines the functional area the manual is applicable to;

10.11.5. Other Chapters:

Chapter 2 usually states the policies and objectives. The management systems including
organogram, authority, accountability and responsibility may be included in this chapter or in
other chapter(s).

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10.12 Formatting and Style

10.12.1. The binding type of the hard copy manuals where page revisions may need to be inserted
periodically has to have the following characteristics:

a. D-ring or O-ring binder;

b. styles that allow cover pages to be inserted behind clear protectors on the front and
spine;
10.12.2. The manual contain chapters separated by tabs. Tabs may be of plastic or thick paper;

PY
10.12.3. The color of the paper is white for all normal pages; temporary pages may of yellow color.
10.12.4. The cover page has to be inserted behind the clear protector on the front; and a strip of paper
printed with the name of the manual has to be inserted behind the clear protector on the spine.

O
10.12.5. The cover page contains the document number at the top right corner, company Logo at the
top followed by company name underneath the Logo, document title at the middle followed by

C
Issue No. and issue date and/or effective date and department name at the left bottom corner.
The right bottom corner shows "All rights reserved by Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd." The
abbreviated form of the manual title may affix the manual title. A template of cover pages is
given in Appendix C for reference.
ED
10.12.6. For Hardcopy manuals, the title page contains the document number at the top right corner,
company Logo at the top followed by company name underneath the Logo and document title
at the middle followed by Issue No. and issue date and/or effective date. Department name,
LL
copy number, holder's name and "Controlled Copy" mark stamped have to be within the box as
shown in Appendix D. The electronic manuals does not have the title page.
O

10.12.7. The format of pages other than cover page, title page and Appendix pages are in accordance
with Appendix E.
TR

10.12.8. The page number shown at the right corner of the footer. Chapter of the pages other than
‘General’ Chapter have both Chapter number and the page number like 'Page X.Y', where X is
the Chapter number and Y is the page number; the ‘General’ Chapter pagination is in Roman
alphabet. Cover page and title page do not have page number
N

10.12.9. In every manual, there is a consistent numbering system for chapters, headings,
subheadings and provisions. All the numbered items can be referred to as 'Provision'.
O

10.12.10. There should be a line space between two provisions; and each heading should begin after
C

two line spaces from the last line of contents.

N

10.13 Retention Procedure

U

10.13.1. The executive having manual authority will retain Master copy of the document in a safe and
secured place. He/she will ensure that Master copy is not used for daily operations. He/she will
have another copy of the manual for daily operation. The executive having manual authority or
the executive having revision responsibility will retain the electronic copy of the manual for
future use.
10.13.2. When a new issue of a document is published and distributed, the manual holders will return
the old one to the executive having distribution responsibility or preserve and destroy in
accordance with the policy stated in the manual.

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10.13.3. The executive having distribution responsibility preserves and destroys the obsolete
documents in accordance with the records management policy stated in the Corporate Policy
Manual.
10.13.4. The current documents are kept separately from the obsolete documents.
10.13.5. The executive having manual authority ensures that a copy of all issues and revisions are
retained for at least 5 years.

10.14 Obsolete/Reproduced Documents

PY
10.14.1. Obsolete documents (hard copies) are retained separately from other controlled and current
documents so that they are not inadvertently used by the operational personnel. Moreover, the
obsolete documents and/or the containers/folders of the obsolete documents may be marked

O
with “Obsolete” tag/signage. These hard copies are retained until they are destroyed as per
Biman policy stated in the Corporate Policy Manual.

C
10.14.2. Obsolete electronic documents may be retained in separate folders which are identifiable until
they are permanently deleted.

ED
10.14.3. If a manual or portion of it, or any controlled document is photocopied or reproduced in any
form, electronic or mechanical, the reproduced documents become uncontrolled and are not
used by operational people.
10.14.4. If a particular manual/document is available and controlled electronically only, the printout or
LL
downloaded copy of this document or portion of it becomes uncontrolled.
O

10.15 External Documents/Data

10.15.1. Documentation or data received from external sources like, regulatory authorities, original
TR

equipment manufacturers, or other organizations which are used by the company are
managed and controlled by the relevant operational areas for which the documents or data are
applicable.
N

10.15.2. The relevant process owners identify person/persons who is/are responsible for retention and
dissemination of documents and data produced externally.
O

10.15.3. External documents or data that are customized and redistributed for use are managed and
controlled in accordance with this Chapter of the manual.
C

10.16 Control of Loose Documents

N

10.16.1. Each loose document that is not held within a manual are managed and controlled by
U

respective functional area.

10.16.2. For each loose document, the followings are included:

a. Identification of responsibility for authorizing the document;

b. A title that identifies the operational applicability and functionality;
c. Date of issue and/or date of effectiveness;
d. A distribution list, as required;
e. Reference number for the contents, as required.

Issued by Corporate Safety & Quality Page: 10.11

 APPENDIX - A

SMS/SRM2 Report No: -----------------

Report Analysis Report Date: -----------------
1. Source of Information
☐ Confidential/voluntary report ☐ ASR/Debrief report ☒ Audit/Inspection ☐ Flight Data Monitoring
☐ Aircraft/Engine Health Monitoring ☐ Brain storming ☐ Other, Specify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Source Reference/Code  Received Date 

2. System Description
<Provide the description of the followings as required to have the perspective of the risk assessment:
 Summary of the reported contents;

PY
 Summary of the prevailing system;
 Statement on previously assessed risk and risk controls;
 Statement of escalation factor (EF) and escalation Control (EC)
 Justification on decision making as per para 3; etc.>

O
3. Analysis and decision making

C
☐ The reported issue relates to deviation from a mandatory/regulatory requirement. Perform root cause analysis as
per Para 4.
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard was previously analyzed and right/appropriate risk controls were selected.
Perform root cause analysis as per Para 4.
ED
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard was previously analyzed, but the selected risk controls were not appropriate.
Reassess the risk and risk controls/mitigation as per Para 5.
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard was not previously analyzed/assessed. Perform the risk assessment as per
LL
Para 5.
☐ The reported safety issue/hazard has been analyzed recently and the selected risk controls will take some time
to be effective. Mention the report no in Para 2.
O

4. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

TR

Sl. Safety Root Cause Corrective action plan Target Owner

Issue/Concern date
N

5. Risk assessment & mitigation

O

Hazard Unsafe Ultimate Existing Preventive Controls Existing New Preventive Controls Resultant
Sl. No.

Target Date
Ownership

Event Consequ (EPC)/Existing Recovery Risk (NPC)/ /Existing Recovery Risk

ence Measure (ERM) Measure (ERM)
Risk Rating

Risk Rating
Severity

Severity
C

Probability

Probability
N
U

6. Risk Assessment and mitigation proposed by:

7. Approved by

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS01 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - B

Discipline and Sub-Discipline Code for SMS

Discipline Sub-discipline/Functions
Name Code Name Code
Operations Technical TEC
Flight training FTG
Flight Operations FLT Planning & Scheduling PLN
Flight Dispatch DSP
Flight Safety FLS

PY
Engineering Production PRD
Engineering Planning EPL
Engineering Services ENS

O
Engineering & Material Management MNT Maintenance Shop SHP
Material Management MMT

C
Engineering Quality Assurance EQA
Engineering Training ENT
Cabin Crew Training CCT
Flight Service (Cabin Operations) CAB ED
Cabin Crew Scheduling
Cabin Operations & Safety
CCS
COS
Passenger Handling PAX
LL
Baggage Handling BAG
Load Control LOD
Ground Services GRH
O

Aircraft Handling HDL

Ramp Operation RMP
TR

Ground Services Training GST

GSE Operation GSO
Ground Support Equipment GSE GSE Maintenance GSM
N

GSE Training GST

Cargo Export EXP
O

Cargo Operations CGO Cargo Import IMP

Cargo Training CGT
C
N
U

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS02 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - C

Cover Page of the Manual

Document No. : <XXXX>

PY
O
C
ED
LL
<Name of the Manual>
Issue <XX>, Issue Date <XX >
O

Revision <XX>, Revision Date <XX>

TR
N
O
C
N
U

<Issued by --.> All rights reserved

by Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd.

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS03 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - D

Title Page of the Manual

Document No. : <XXXX>

PY
O
C
ED
<Name of the Manual>
Issue <XX>, Issue Date <XX >
Revision <XX>, Revision Date <XX>
LL
<Name of The Department>
O

Copy No. : <XXX>

TR

Document Holder : <XXX>

CONTROLLED COPY
N

Sign
O

&
Seal
C

<Issued by --.> All rights reserved

N

by Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd.

U

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS04 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - E
Content Page of the Manual

Issue : <XX>
<NAME OF THE MANUAL>
Date: <XX>
CHAPTER NO. - < XX>
Revision: <XX>
<NAME OF THE CHAPTER>
Date: <XX>

<XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXX>

PY
<XXXXXXXX>

O
C
<Xxxxx xxxx xxxx>

ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N

<Issued by --.> Page: <Chapter No.>.< Page No.>

U

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS006 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - F

Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs)

<Name of the discipline>
Year <xxxx>

Ref: <Discipline Code>/SPI/<Year>/<No>. Date:

Corporate Safety Objectives:
<List of approved safety objectives>

PY
Part A: List of SPIs
Base Evaluati Alert level Target Level 1st Final
Sl Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) Datasheet
Year on Year Criteria Criteria Evaluation Evaluation

O
C
Part B: Action Plan

Sl
Safety Performance
Target
Data
Source
SPI
Account
ability Responsi
ED
Populating data sheet Tracking/monitoring

Respon
Specific
measures
required to
Frequency Frequency
bility sibility achieve target
LL
O
TR

Prepared by Approved by
N
O
C
N
U

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS007 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - G

Data Sheet for SPI/SPT

SPI chart – historical data
The output from safety data collection and analysis system is depicted in the form of charts or graphs, when applicable. Analysis
used to continuously monitor safety is in the form of a periodic data extraction to generate a trend chart or graph, updated on a
monthly or quarterly basis, as shown in Figure below (Data Sheet 1). Note that the example given in chart is not real; this is only
for understanding and guidance.

PY
O
C
ED
LL
The first three columns of the table on left side are populated with the historical data of the previous year (base year). The
right side chart provides the previous year’s average value and corresponding data points.
O

Standard deviation (SD)

Biman uses the population standard deviation (STDEVP) that provides a basic objective method for setting alert criteria. The
TR

standard deviation (SD) value is determined based on the preceding historical data points of a given safety indicator. The Excel
spreadsheet formula is “=STDEV.P()”. For the purpose of manual standard deviation calculation, the formula is:
∑(𝑥−𝜇)2
𝜎=√
𝑁
N

Where – “x” is the value of each data point, “N” is the number of data points and “μ” is the average value of all the data points.

Alert level criteria

O

Alert level criteria is set if it is anticipated that the occurrence can happen every month or every quarter.
C

A corresponding alert level is identified for each safety performance indicator (data set), where applicable, quantifying the
unacceptable performance threshold (abnormal occurrence rate) during a specified monitoring period (base year).
N

An alert level setting separates the acceptable from the unacceptable performance regions of a safety indicator chart which is
U

given in a “data sheet” for each SPI and is the primary trigger (caution/alarm bell) for remedial action related to a particular
safety indicator. Biman uses the population standard deviation (STDEVP) that provides a basic objective method for setting
alert criteria. This method derives the standard deviation (SD) value based on the preceding historical data points of a given
safety indicator. Biman uses three alert levels as follow:

a. Average + 1SD
b. Average + 2SD
c. Average + 3SD

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS008 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - H

Alert level trigger

Alert triggers when –
 any single data-point is above the Average + 3SD line
 2 consecutive data-points are above the Average + 2SD line
 3 consecutive data-points are above the Average + 1SD line

When an alert is triggered (potential high risk or out-of-control situation), the SAG or the process owner initiate appropriate
follow-up action/investigation as to the cause of the alert and consequent corrective or mitigating actions where necessary.

Target level criteria

The target setting is a desired percentage improvement (5%, 10%, 15%, etc.) over the previous year’s (base year) data point
average.

PY
Alert and target levels – validity period:
Alert and target levels is reviewed/reset for each new monitoring period, based on the equivalent preceding period’s average
rate and SD, as applicable

O
SPI chart with alert and target setting
For each individual SPI, an SPI chart including a table is developed showing target level and alert levels for the monitoring

C
period (evaluation year). 2nd, 3rd and 4th column remain unpopulated.

ED
LL
O
TR
N
O
C
N
U

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS008 Issue 03, 03 Sep 2020, Rev 0
 APPENDIX - I

Form No. SMS/CRS01

Safety Reporting Form

(বাাংলার জন্য অপর পৃষ্ঠা ব্যবহার করুন) (Hazard Reporting)
1. If you observe any existing condition, action or inaction which, you think, may affect safety,
please report to yo ur head of t he d ept ./s ectio n o r SMS offi ce . This reporting system is
completely non-punitive and one of the important tools to improve the safety standard of Biman.
For reporting, you may use this form or any other means like letter, email or telex. [ Use overleaf or
additional page, if required]

PY
O
C
ED
2. Your Suggestion(s), if any [ Use overleaf or additional page, if required]
LL
O

3. Your Information
TR

Do you want to keep your identity confidenti al ? Yes No

Your Name: Designation:

N

Dept./Section: Mobile: E-mail:

O

Your Signature: Date:

C

4. Report Submission
 Submit your report to the head of your SMS Office Address:
N

dept./section or SMS Office, or General Manager

 Drop your report into any nearby “Safety
Corporate Safety and Quality
U

Reporting Box”, or Room – 313, 2nd Floor, Biman Admin Building

Hazrat Shahjalal Intl. Airport, Kurmitola, Dhaka.
 E-mail your report to the Head of your Dept. or
E-mai l: [email protected]
SMS Office.

"If there is any doubt (safety-wise), please do shout"

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS009 Issue 02, Rev-03, 16 Jan 2020
 APPENDIX - J

িমি নাং: সএমএস/দসআরএস০১

কসির্ দরগপার্াংি িমি

(For English please use overleaf) ি
(হযাজাড ি দরগপার্াং)
১. যদি ককান দবদ্যমান পদরদিদি, পাদরপাদবিক অবিা, ককান কায িক্রম দকাংবা ককানরকম দনদিয়িা আপনার দৃদিগ াচর হয়, যা দবমান
পদরবহন িথা জানমাগলর সুরক্ষা (Safety) ব্যবিায় দবরূপ প্রভাব সৃদি করগি পাগর বগল মগন হয়, িাহগল িা অদিসত্ত্বর আপনার
দবভা /শাখা প্রধান অথবা SMS অদিগস অবদহি করুন। এই দরগপার্াংি ব্যবিার্ সম্পূর্ ি অশাদিমূলক এবাং দবমাগনর কসির্ মান
উন্নয়গনর একর্ অন্যিম উপায়। দরগপার্াংি এর জন্য আপদন এই িমি অথবা অন্য ককান মাধ্যম কযমন দচঠি, ই-কমইল বা কেগলক্স ব্যবহার
করগি পাগরন। [প্রগয়াজন হগল অপর পৃষ্ঠা অথবা অদিদরক্ত কা জ ব্যবহার করুন]

PY
O
C
ED
২. আপনার পরামশি, যদি থাগক [প্রগয়াজন হগল অপর পৃষ্ঠা অথবা অদিদরক্ত কা জ ব্যবহার করুন]
LL
O

৩. আপনার িথ্য
TR

আপদন দক আপনার পদরচয় ক াপন রাখগি চান ? হযাঁ না

আপনার নাম: পিবী:

N

দবভা /শাখা: কিান: ই-কমইল:

O

আপনার স্বাক্ষর: িাাং:

C

৪. দরগপাে ি জমা কিবার উপায়সমূহ

N

 দরগপাে ির্ আপনার দবভা /শাখা প্রধান বা SMS অদিগস SMS অদিগসর ঠিকানা:
জমা দিগি পাগরন, অথবা মহাব্যবিাপক
U

 দনকেবিী ককাগনা কসির্ দরগপার্াংি বক্স এ জমা দিগি পাগরন, কগপিাগরে কসির্ এন্ড ককায়াদলর্
অথবা রুম নাং – ৩১৩, ৩য় িলা, দবমান অযাডদমন দবদডাং
হজরি শাহজালাল আন্তজিাদিক দবমানবন্দর, কুদমিগোলা, ঢাকা।
 ইগমইল এর মাধ্যগম আপনার অদিস প্রধান বা SMS ই-গমইল: [email protected]
অদিগস পাঠাগি পাগরন।
"সুরক্ষাগি সদন্দহান, দরগপাগে ি হয় সমাধান "

কর্পোরেট সেফটি এন্ড সকোয়োলিটি

এেএমএে০০৯ ইেযু -০২, রিরিশন – ০৩, ১৬ জানুয়ািী ২০২০
 APPENDIX - K

Form No. SMS/VRS02

Safety Reporting Form
(Hazard Reporting)
If you observe any existing condition, action or inaction which, you think, may affect safety, please
report to yo ur hea d of t he dept ./s ectio n o r SMS off ice . This reporting system is completely
non-punitive and one of the important tools to improve the safety standard of Biman. For reporting,
you may use this form or any other means like letter, email or telex.
[ Use overleaf specific space or additional page, if required]
1. Flight Information [As applicable]

PY
Flight: A/C Reg.: Date: Sector: to:

2. Description of Safety Concern (Hazard/Event/Defficiencies)

[ Use overleaf specific space or additional page, if required]

O
C
ED
3. Your Suggestion(s), if any [ Use overleaf specific space or additional page, if required]
LL
O

4. Your Information
TR

Do you want to keep your identity confidenti al ? Yes No

Your Name: Designation:

N

Mobile: E-mail:
O

Your Signature: Date:

C

5. Report Submission
 Remove the adhesive protective strip on top of the form, fold the filled-up form & apply gentle
N

pressure to close it.

U

 Send the closed form with the post flight documents.

 SMS office E-mail address: [email protected], SITA: DACOZBG

"If there is any doubt, please do shout"

Corporate Safety and Quality

SMS009 Issue 01,08 Sep. 2016