Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316

1008 11-12

Cálculo Vectorial
Guía Tema III Campos Escalares

I. Grafique las siguientes funciones, calcule su gradiente.

1. z=3 x−2 y +4
a)
∂ z ∂ 3 x−2 y+ 4
= =3
∂x ∂x

∂ z ∂ 3 x−2 y +4
= =−2
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ z ( x , y ) =( 3 ,−2 )

2. z=−5 x 2−6 y 2 +3
a)
2 2
∂ z ∂−5 x −6 y +3
= =−10 x
∂x ∂x
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
2 2
∂ z ∂−5 x −6 y + 3
= =−12 y
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ z ( x , y ) =(−10 x ,−12 y )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

3. f ( x , y )=2 x 2−4 y 2
a)
2 2
∂ f ∂ 2 x −4 y
= =4 x
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂ 2 x −4 y
= =−8 y
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ f ( x , y )= ( 4 x ,−8 y )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

4. f ( x , y )=3 x 2+ 2 y 2 +2 xy
a)
2 2
∂ f ∂ 3 x +2 y +2 xy
= =6 x +2 y
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂ 3 x + 2 y +2 xy
= =4 y+2 x
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ f ( x , y )= ( 6 x+2 y , 4 y +2 x )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

5. f ( x , y )=cos ( x + y )
a)
∂ f ∂ cos ( x + y )
= =−sen ( x+ y )
∂x ∂x

∂ f ∂ cos ( x + y )
= =−sen ( x + y )
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ f ( x , y )= (−sen ( x + y ) ,−sen ( x + y ) )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

6. f ( u , v )=e u/ v
a)
u/v u/ v
∂f ∂e e
= =
∂u ∂u v

u/v u /v
∂ f ∂e −e u
= = 2
∂v ∂v v
b)

( )
u/v u /v
e e u
∇ f ( u , v )= ,− 2
v v

7.

f ( x , y )=1/ ( x 2 + y 2 )
a)
∂ f ∂ 1/ ( x + y )
2 2
−2 x
= = 2
∂x ∂x ( x2+ y2)

∂ f ∂ 1/ ( x + y )
2 2
−2 y
= = 2
∂y ∂y ( x2 + y 2 )
b)
∇ f ( x , y )=
(( −2 x
x +y )
2 2 2
,−
2y
( x + y2)
2 2
)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

8. f ( a , b )=1/ ( 1−a2−b2 )
a)
∂ f ∂ 1/ ( 1−a −b )
2 2
2a
= = 2
∂a ∂a ( 1−a2 +b2 )

∂ f ∂ 1/ ( 1−a −b )
2 2
2b
= = 2
∂b ∂b ( 1−a2−b 2 )
b)

((
∇ f (a , b) =
2a
2 2
,
2b
1−a2 +b ) ( 1−a2 +b2 )
2
)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

9. f ( x , y )=ln [ ( x + y ) / ( x− y ) ]
a)
∂ f ∂ ln [ ( x+ y ) / ( x− y ) ] −2 y
= = 2
∂x ∂x x −y
2

∂ f ∂ ln [ ( x + y ) / ( x− y ) ] 2x
= = 2 2
∂y ∂y x −y
b)
∇ f ( x , y )=
( −2 y
2 2
2x
, 2 2
x −y x −y )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

10. f ( s , t )=3 s 2 2 t 2 6
a)
2 2
∂f ∂3s 2t 6 2
= =6 s 2 t 6
∂s ∂s

2 2
∂f ∂3s 2t 6 2
= =3 s 4 t 6
∂t ∂t
b)
∇ f ( s ,t )=( 6 s 2 t 2 6 ,3 s2 4 t 6 )

11.

f ( x , y )=1/ln ( x + y )
a)
∂ f ∂ 1/ln ( x+ y ) −2 y
= = 2 2
∂x ∂x x −y

∂ f ∂ 1/ln ( x + y ) 2x
= = 2
∂y ∂y x −y
2

b)
∇ f ( x , y )=
( −2 y
2 2
2x
, 2 2
x −y x −y )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

12. f ( u , v , t )=ln ( u+ v +t−1 )

a)
∂ f ∂ ln ( u+ v +t−1 ) 1
= =
∂u ∂u u+v +t−1

∂ f ∂ ln ( u+v +t−1 ) 1
= =
∂v ∂v u+ v+ t−1

∂ f ∂ ln ( u+ v+ t−1 ) 1
= =
∂t ∂t u+ v +t−1

b)
∇ f ( u , v , t )= ( u+v +t−1
1
,
u+ v+ t−1 u+ v +t−1 )
1
,
1
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

13. z=8−x 2−2 y

a)
2
∂ f ∂ 8− x −2 y
= =−2 x
∂x ∂x

2
∂ f ∂ 8−x −2 y
= =−2
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ z ( x , y ) =(−2 x ,−2 )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

14. f ( x , y )=x 2+ y 2 sen ( xy )

a)
2 2
∂ f ∂ x + y sen ( xy )
= =2 x + y 3 cos ( xy )
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂ x + y sen ( xy )
= =2 y sen ( xy ) + x y 2 cos ( xy )
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ f ( x , y )=( 2 x + y 3 cos ( xy ) , 2 y sen ( xy ) + x y 2 cos ( xy ) )
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

II. Calcule el Gradiente de las siguientes funciones.

1. k ( s , t , v ) =( ln s ln t ) /ln v
a)
∂ k ∂ ( ln s ln t ) / ln v ln t
= =
∂s ∂s ln v s

∂ k ∂ ( ln s ln t ) / ln v ln s
= =
∂t ∂t ln v t

∂ k ∂ ( ln s ln t ) / ln v −ln s lnt
= =
∂v ∂v v ln v
2

b)
∇ k ( s ,t , v )=
( lnlntv s , lnlnvst ,− lnv lns lnv t )
2

2. f ( x , y )=x 4 + y 4−4 x 2 y 2
a)
4 4 2 2
∂ f ∂ x + y −4 x y 3 2
= =4 x −8 x y
∂x ∂x
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
4 4 2 2
∂ f ∂ x + y −4 x y 3
= =4 y −4 x 2 y
∂y ∂y
b)
∇ f ( x , y )= ( 4 x 3−8 x y 2 , 4 y 3−4 x 2 2 y )

1/ 2
1. f ( x , y , z )=( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )
a)
2 1 /2
∂ f ∂(x + y +z )
2 2
x
= = 2 2 2 1 /2
∂x ∂x (x + y +z )

1/ 2
∂f ∂(x + y +z )
2 2 2
y
= = 2 2 2 1 /2
∂y ∂y (x + y + z )

1 /2
∂f ∂(x + y +z )
2 2 2
z
= = 2 2 2 1 /2
∂z ∂z (x + y +z )

b)
∇ f ( x , y , z )=
(( x +y +z )
2
x
2 2 1 /2
,
y
2 1 /2
(x + y + z )
2 2
,
2
z
2 1 /2
( x + y + z2 ) )
2. f ( x , y )=ln ( x 2 + y 2 )
a)
∂ f ∂ ln ( x + y )
2 2
2x
= = 2 2
∂x ∂x x +y

∂ f ∂ ln ( x + y )
2 2
2y
= = 2 2
∂y ∂y x +y

b)
∇ f ( x , y )=
( 2
2x
2
2y
, 2 2
x +y x + y )
3. u ( t , x )=e−t sen ( x )
a)
−t
∂ u ∂ e sen ( x ) −sen ( x )
= =
∂t ∂t et
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
−t
∂ u ∂ e sen ( x ) cos ( x )
= =
∂x ∂x et

b)
∇ u (t , x )=
( −sen ( x ) cos ( x )
e
t
,
e
t )
4. u ( t , x )=5 sen t cos x
a)
∂ u ∂5 sen t cos x
= =5 cos x cos t
∂t ∂t

∂ u ∂ 5 sen t cos x
= =−5 sen t sen x
∂x ∂x

b)
∇ u ( t , x ) =( 5 cos x cos t ,−5 sen t sen x )

5. H ( x , y )=e x +2 y
a)
2

∂ H ∂ e x +2 y 2

= =2 e x +2 y x
∂x ∂x

∂ H ∂ e x +2 y 2

= =2 e x +2 y
∂y ∂y

b)
∇ H ( x , y )=( 2 e )
2 2
x +2 y x +2 y
x,2e

6. z=ln ( x / y )
a)
∂ z ∂ ln ( x / y ) 1
= =
∂x ∂x x

∂ z ∂ ln ( x / y ) −1
= =
∂y ∂y y

b)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

∇ z ( x , y )= ( 1x ,− 1y )
2

7. f ( x , y )= y e x + ln y
a)
2

∂ f ∂ y e x + ln y 2

= =2 y e x x
∂x ∂x

∂ f ∂ y e x +ln y x 1 2

= =e +
∂y ∂y y

b)

( 1
)
2 2

∇ f ( x , y )= 2 y e x x , e x +
y

8. l ( T , P )=T sen P+ P cos T

a)
∂l ∂ T sen P+ P cos T
= =sen T −P sen T
∂T ∂T

∂ l ∂ T sen P+ P cos T
= =T cos P+cos T
∂P ∂P

b)
∇ l ( T , P )= ( sen T −P sen T , T cos P+ cos T )

9. g ( x , y , z ) =e ( x y z ) en el punto ( 1 ,2 ,−3 )
2 2 2

a)
∂ g ∂ e( x y z )
2 2 2

=2 x y 2 z 2 e( x y z )
2 2 2

=
∂x ∂x

∂ g ∂ e(x y z ) 2
2 2 2

=x 2 y z 2 e ( x y z )
2 2 2

=
∂y ∂y

∂ g ∂ e( x y z ) 2 2
2 2 2

=x y 2 z e( x y z )
2 2 2

=
∂z ∂z

b)
∇ g ( x , y , z )=( 2 x y z e x )
2 2 ( 2
y z )
2 2
2 2 ( 2
y z)
2 2
2 2 ( 2
y z )
2 2

,x 2 y z e x , x y 2z e x
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

10. P ( x , y )=ln ( x +1/ y ) en el punto ( 5 , 3 )

a)
∂ P ∂ ln ( x +1/ y ) y
= =
∂x ∂x xy +1

∂ P ∂ ln ( x +1/ y ) −1
= = 2
∂y ∂y x y +y

b)
∇ P ( x , y )=
( xyy+1 ,− x y1+ y )
2

1
11. f ( x , y )= 22
en el punto ( 1 ,−2 )
x + y +36
a)
1
∂ 2 2
∂f x + y +36 −2 x
= = 2
∂x ∂x ( x + y 2 +36 )
2

1
∂ 2 2
∂f x + y +36 −2 y
= = 2
∂y ∂y ( x + y 2+36 )
2

b)
∇ f ( x , y )=
(( −2 x
x + y +36 )
2 2 2
,−
2y
2
( x + y 2 +36 )
2 )
y
12. f ( x , y )= en el punto ( 4 , 6 )
x
a)
y
∂
∂f x −y
= = 2
∂x ∂x x
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
y
∂
∂f x 1
= =
∂y ∂y x

b)
∇ f ( x , y )=
( −x y , 1x )
2

IV. Calcule los máximos y mínimos de las siguientes funciones.

1. z=4 x 2+ 6 y 2
a)
2 2
∂ z ∂ 4 x +6 y
= =8 x
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ z ∂ 4 x +6 y
= =12 y
∂y ∂y
b)
0
8 x=0 x= =0
8

0
12 y=0 y= =0
12

c)
2 2
z ( 0 ,0 )=4 (0) +6( 0) =0

( 0 , 0 , 0)

d)

| |
2 2
∂z ∂ z ∂ z
=8 x =8 =0
∂x ∂ x ∂x ∂ y ∂x
=96−0=96> 0 MÍNIMO
∂z ∂2 z ∂2 z
=12 y =0 =12
∂y ∂x ∂ y ∂y∂ y

2. f ( x , y )=x 3 + y 3−3 xy
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

a)
3 3
∂ f ∂ x + y −3 xy 2
= =3 x −3 y
∂x ∂x

3 3
∂ f ∂ x + y −3 xy 2
= =3 y −3 x
∂y ∂y
b)

{
2
3 x −3 y =0
2
3 y −3 x=0

2 2 2 3 2
3 x −3 y=0 3 x =3 y x = yx =y
3

2 2
3 y −3 x=0 3 ( x ) −3 x=0 3 x −3 x=03 x ( x −1 )=0
2 4 3

x ( x3 −1 )=0

x=0

3
x −1=0 x =1

x 1=0 x 2=1

2 −0
3 ( 0 ) −3 y =0 0−3 y =0−3 y =0 y 1= =0
3

2 3
3 ( 1 ) −3 y=0 3−3 y=0−3 y=−3 y 2= =1
3

c)
3 3
f ( 0 ,0 )=( 0 ) + ( 0 ) −3 ( 0 ) ( 0 )=0

( 0 , 0 , 0)

3 3
f ( 1 , 1 )=( 1 ) + ( 1 ) −3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )=−1

( 1 ,1 ,−1 )

d)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f ∂ f
=3 x 2−3 y =6 x =−3
∂x ∂ x ∂x ∂ y ∂x
=36 xy −9
∂f 2 ∂2 f ∂2 f
=3 y −3 x =−3 =6 y
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂y∂ y

H=36 xy −9

H ( 0 , 0 )=36 ( 0 )( 0 )−9=−9< 0 PUNTO SILLA

H ( 1 ,1 )=36 ( 1 )( 1 )−9=27 >0 MÍNIMO

3. f ( x , y )=2 x 2+2 xy + y 2 +2 x −3
a)
2 2
∂ f ∂ 2 x +2 xy + y + 2 x−3
= =4 x +2 y +2
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂ 2 x +2 xy + y +2 x−3
= =2 x+2 y
∂y ∂y
b)

{4 2x x+2+2y y=0
+2=0

−2
2 x+ 2 y =0 2 x=−2 y x= y=− y
2

4 x+ 2 y +2=0 4 (− y )+2 y +2=0−4 y +2 y +2=0

2
−2 y +2=0−2 y=−2 y= =1
2

−2
2 x+ 2 ( 1 )=0 2 x +2=02 x=−2 x= =−1
2
c)
2 2
f (−1 , 1 )=2 (−1 ) +2 (−1 )( 1 ) + ( 1 ) +2 (−1 )−3

f (−1 , 1 )=2−2+1−2−3=−4

(−1 , 1,−4 )

d)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f ∂ f
=4 x +2 y+2 =4 =2
∂x ∂ x ∂x ∂ y ∂x
=8−4=4> 0 MÍNIMO
∂f ∂2 f ∂2 f
=2 x+2 y =2 =2
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂ y∂ y

4. h ( x , y ) =x 2−3 xy − y 2
a)
2 2
∂ h ∂ x −3 xy− y
= =2 x −3 y
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ h ∂ x −3 xy− y
= =−3 x−2 y
∂y ∂y
b)

{−32 x−3 y =0
x−2 y=0

3
2 x−3 y=0 2 x=3 y x= y
2

−3 x−2 y=0−3 ( 32 y )−2 y=0− 92 y−2 y=0− 132 y=0

0
y= =0
−13
2

0
2 x−3 ( 0 )=02 x=0 x= =0
2

c)
2 2
h ( 0 , 0 ) =( 0 ) −3 ( 0 ) ( 0 ) −( 0 ) =0

( 0 , 0 , 0)

d)

| |
2 2
∂h ∂h ∂ h
=2 x−3 y =2 =−3
∂x ∂x ∂ x ∂ y ∂x
=−4−9=−1 3<0 PUNTO SILLA
∂h ∂2 h ∂2 h
=−3 x −2 y =−3 =−2
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂y∂ y
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

5. f ( x , y )=−x 2−5 y 2 +8 x−10 y +13

a)
2 2
∂ f ∂−x −5 y + 8 x−10 y+ 13
= =−2 x +8
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂−x −5 y +8 x−10 y +13
= =−10 y−10
∂y ∂y
b)
8
−2 x+ 8=0−2 x=−8 x= =4
2

−10
−10 y−10=0−10 y=10 y= =−1
10

c)
2 2
f ( 4 ,−1 )=−( 4 ) −5 (−1 ) +8 ( 4 )−10 (−1 ) +13

f ( 4 ,−1 )=−16−5+32+10+13=34

( 4 ,−1 , 34 )

d)

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f ∂ f
=−2 x +8 =−2 =0
∂x ∂x ∂ x ∂ y∂x
=20−0=20 >0 MÁXIMO
∂f ∂2 f ∂2 f
=−10 y−10 =0 =−10
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂ y∂y

6. g ( x , y )=xy
a)
∂ g ∂ xy
= =y
∂x ∂x

∂ g ∂ xy
= =x
∂y ∂y
b)
y=0

x=0
c)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

g ( 0 , 0 )=( 0 )( 0 )=0

( 0 , 0 , 0)

d)

| |
2 2
∂g ∂ g ∂ g
=y =0 =1
∂x ∂x ∂ x ∂ y∂x
=0−1=−1<0 PUNTO SILLA
∂g ∂2 g ∂2 g
=x =1 =0
∂y ∂x∂y ∂y∂ y

7. f ( x , y )=−5 x 2+ 4 xy− y 2+16 x−10

a)
2 2
∂ f ∂−5 x +4 xy− y +16 x−10
= =−10 x +4 y+16
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂−5 x + 4 xy− y +16 x−10
= =4 x−2 y
∂y ∂y
b)

{−104x+x−24 yy=0
+16=0

4
4 x−2 y=0−2 y =−4 x y= x=2 x
2

−10 x+ 4 y +16=0−10 x+ 4 ( 2 x )+16=0−10 x+ 8 x +16=0

16
−2 x+16=0−2 x=−16 x= =8
2

4 x−2 y=0 4 ( 8 )−2 y=032−2 y=0−2 y =−32

32
y= =16
2

c)
2 2
f ( 8 ,16 )=−5 ( 8 ) +4 ( 8 ) ( 16 )−( 16 ) +16 ( 8 )−10

f ( 8 ,16 )=−320+512−256+12 8−10=54

Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

( 8 , 16 , 54 )

d)

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f ∂ f
=−10 x +4 y+ 16 =−10 =4
∂x ∂ x∂x ∂ y ∂x
=20−16=4> 0 MÁXIMO
∂f ∂2 f ∂2 f
=4 x−2 y =4 =−2
∂y ∂x ∂ y ∂ y∂y

8. f ( x , y )=−xy e−( x + y )/ 2
2 2

a)
−( x + y ) −( x + y )
2 2 2 2

∂ f ∂−xy e−( x + y ) /2
2 2

2 2 2
= =− y e +x e
∂x ∂x

−( x + y ) −( x + y )
2 2 2 2

∂ f ∂−xy e−( x + y ) /2
2 2

2 2 2
= =−x e +x y e
∂y ∂y
b)

{
−( x + y ) −( x + y )
2 2 2 2

2 2 2
−ye +x e =0
−( x + y ) −( x + y )
2 2 2 2

2
−x e 2
+ xy e 2
=0

NO ENCONTRE SOLUCION

9. f ( x , y )=x 2+ 6 xy+ 10 y 2−4 y+ 4

a)
2 2
∂ f ∂ x + 6 xy +10 y −4 y + 4
= =2 x+ 6 y
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ f ∂ x +6 xy +10 y −4 y+ 4
= =6 x+20 y −4
∂y ∂y
b)

{6 x+2 x+6 y=0

20 y −4=0

−6
2 x+ 6 y=0 2 x=−6 y x= y=−3 y
2

6 x +20 y−4=0 6 (−3 y )+ 20 y−4=0−18 y +20 y−4=0

Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
4
2 y−4=0−2 y=−4 y = =2
2

−12
2 x+ 6 ( 2 )=0 2 x+12=0 2 x=−12 x= =−6
2
c)
2 2
f (−6 ,2 )=(−6 ) +6 (−6 )( 2 )+10 ( 2 ) −4 ( 2 ) + 4

f (−6 ,2 )=36−72+ 40−8+4=0

(−6 , 2 , 0 )

d)

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f ∂ f
=2 x+ 6 y =2 =6
∂x ∂ x ∂x ∂y∂x
=40−36=4>0 MÍNIMO
∂f ∂2 f ∂2 f
=6 x+20 y −4 =6 =20
∂y ∂x∂ y ∂ y∂ y

10. f ( x , y )=( x 2 +3 y 2 ) e1− x − y

2 2

a)
∂ f ∂(x +3 y )e
2 2
2 2 1−x − y
2 2 2 2 2 2
1−x − y 3 1− x − y 2 1−x − y
= =2 xe −2 x e −6 x e
∂x ∂x

∂ f ∂ ( x +3 y ) e
2 2
2 2 1− x − y
2 2 2 2 2 2
1−x − y 2 1−x − y 3 1− x − y
= =6 y e −2 x e −6 x e
∂y ∂y

b)

{
2 2 2 2 2 2

2 xe 1− x − y −2 x 3 e1− x − y −6 x2 e 1−x − y =0
2 2 2 2 2 2

6 y e1− x − y −2 x 2 e1− x − y −6 x3 e 1−x − y =0

NO ENCONTRE SOLUCION

11. z=2 x 2 +3 y 2−4 x−12 y+ 13

a)
2 2
∂ z ∂ 2 x +3 y −4 x −12 y +13
= =4 x−4
∂x ∂x
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
2 2
∂ z ∂ 2 x +3 y −4 x−12 y+ 13
= =6 y−12
∂y ∂y
b)
4
4 x−4=0 4 x=4 x= =1
4

12
6 y−12=0 6 y=12 y= =2
6

c)
2 2
z (1 , 2 )=2 ( 1 ) +3 ( 2 ) −4 ( 1 )−12 ( 2 )+ 13

z (1 , 2 )=2+12−4−24 +13=−1

( 1 , 2,−1 )

d)

| |
2 2
∂z ∂ z ∂ z
=4 x−4 =4 =0
∂x ∂ x∂ x ∂ y ∂x
=24−0=24 >0 M ÍNIMO
∂z ∂2 z ∂2 z
=6 y−12 =0 =6
∂y ∂x ∂ y ∂ y∂ y

12. h ( x , y ) =x 2 y
a)
2
∂h ∂ x y
= =2 xy
∂x ∂x

2
∂h ∂ x y 2
= =x
∂y ∂y
b)
2
x =0 x=0

2 xy=0 2 ( 0 ) y=0 y=0

c)
2
h ( x , y ) =( 0 ) ( 0 )=0

( 0 , 0 , 0)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

d)

| |
2 2
∂h ∂h ∂ h
=2 xy =2 y =2 x
∂x ∂x ∂ x ∂ y∂x 2
=0−4 x
∂h 2 ∂2 h 2
∂ h
=x =2 x =0
∂y ∂x ∂ y ∂ y∂ y

2
H=−4 x

2
H ( 0 , 0 )=−4 ( 0 ) =0=0 PUNTO SILLA

13. z=−3 x 2−2 y 2 +3 x−4 y+ 5

a)
2 2
∂ z ∂−3 x −2 y +3 x−4 y +5
= =−6 x +3
∂x ∂x

2 2
∂ z ∂−3 x −2 y + 3 x−4 y +5
= =−4 y −4
∂y ∂y
b)
3 1
−6 x +3=0−6 x=−3 x= =
6 2

−4
−4 y−4=0−4 y=4 y= =−1
4

c)

( ) () ()
2
1 1 2 1
z ,−1 =−3 −2 (−1 ) +3 −4 (−1 ) +5
2 2 2

z ( 12 ,−1)= −34 −2+ 32 +4 +5= −34 − 84 + 64 + 164 + 204 = 314

( 12 ,−1 , 314 )
d)

| |
2 2
∂z ∂ z ∂ z
=−6 x+3 =−6 =0
∂x ∂ x ∂x ∂ y ∂x
=24−0=24> 0 M Á XIMO
∂z ∂2 z ∂2 z
=−4 y −4 =0 =−4
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂ y∂y
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

14. f ( x , y )=x 2 y 2−x 2− y 2

a)
2 2 2 2
∂ f ∂ x y −x − y 2
= =2 x y −2 x
∂x ∂x

2 2 2 2
∂ f ∂ x y −x − y 2
= =x 2 y −2 y
∂y ∂y
b)

{
2
2 x y −2 x=0
2
x 2 y−2 y=0

2 2 2 2x 2
2 x y −2 x=0 2 x y =2 x y = =1 y =1
2x

y 1=−1 y 2=1

2 2 2 2y 2
x 2 y−2 y=0 x 2 y =2 y x = =1 x =1
2y

x 1=−1 x2 =1

c)
2 2 2 2
f (−1 ,−1 )=(−1 ) (−1 ) −(−1 ) −(−1 )

f (−1 ,−1 )=1−1−1=−1

(−1 ,−1 ,−1 )

2 2 2 2
f ( 1 , 1 )=( 1 ) ( 1 ) −( 1 ) −( 1 )

f ( 1 , 1 )=1−1−1=−1

( 1 ,1 ,−1 )

d)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f 2 ∂ f
=2 x y 2−2 x =2 y −2 =2 x 2 y
∂x ∂ x ∂x ∂ y∂x
=( 4 x y −4 y −4 x + 4 ) −( 16 x y )
2 2 2 2 2 2
∂f 2 ∂2 f 2
∂ f 2
=x 2 y−2 y =2 x 2 y =x 2−2
∂y ∂x ∂ y ∂ y∂ y

H=( 4 x 2 y 2−4 y 2−4 x 2 +4 ) −( 16 x 2 y 2 )

H (−1 ,−1 )=( 4 (−1 )2 (−1 )2−4 (−1 )2−4 (−1 )2 +4 )−( 16 (−1 )2 (−1 )2 )

H (−1 ,−1 )= ( 4−4−4+ 4 ) −( 16 )=0−16=−16<0 PUNTO SILLA

H ( 1 ,1 )= ( 4 (1 )2 ( 1 )2−4 ( 1 )2−4 ( 1 )2+ 4 )−( 16 (1 )2 ( 1 )2 )

H ( 1 ,1 )= ( 4−4−4+ 4 )−( 16 )=0−16=−16< 0 PUNTO SILLA

15. h ( x , y ) =x 2+ xy + y 2−4 ln x−10 ln y

a)
2 2
∂ h ∂ x + xy + y −4 ln x −10 ln y 4
= =2 x + y−
∂x ∂x x

2 2
∂ h ∂ x + xy+ y −4 ln x−10 ln y 10
= =x+ 2 y −
∂y ∂y y
b)

{
4
2 x + y− =0
x
10
x+ 2 y − =0
y

4 4
2 x+ y− =0 y=−2 x+
x x

x +2 y−
10 4
(
=0 x+2 −2 x + − ) 10
=0
y x
( −2 x +
4
x )
8 10 2
x−4 x+ − =0−2 y=−2 y= =1
x
(−2 x+
4
x ) 2
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
−2
2 x+ 2 ( 1 )=0 2 x +2=02 x=−2 x= =−1
2
c)
2 2
f (−1 , 1 )=(−1 ) + (−1 ) ( 1 ) + ( 1 ) −4 ln (−1 )−10 ln ( 1 ) =1

(−1 , 1, 1 )

d)

| |(
2 2
∂f 4 ∂ f =2+ 4 ∂ f
=1
=2 x + y−
)
2 2 2 2 2
∂x x ∂ x ∂x x ∂ y ∂x 4 x y + 20 x +8 y +40
2 2
= −( 1 )
∂f 10 ∂ f ∂ f 10 x 2 y2
=x+2 y− =1 =2+ 2
∂y y ∂x ∂ y ∂ y∂ y y

( )
2 2 2 2
4 x y + 20 x +8 y +40
H= 2 2
−( 1 )
x y

( )
2 2 2 2
4 (−1 ) ( 1 ) +20 (−1 ) + 8 ( 1 ) + 40
H (−1 ,1 ) = −( 1 )=7 1>0 M ÁXIMO
(−1 )2 ( 1 )2

16. f ( x , y )=2 x 4 + y 4 −4 x 2−2 y 2

a)
4 4 2 2
∂ f ∂ 2 x + y −4 x −2 y 3
= =8 x −8 x
∂x ∂x

4 4 2 2
∂ f ∂ 2 x + y −4 x −2 y 3
= =4 y −4 y
∂y ∂y
b)

8 x 3−8 x=0 8 x ( x 2−1 )=0

0
8 x=0 x= =0 x 1=0
8

2 2
x −1=0 x =1 x 2=−1 x3 =1

4 y 3−4 y=0 4 y ( y 2−1 )=0

Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12
0
4 y=0 y= =0 y 1=0
4

2 2
y −1=0 y =1 y 2=−1 y 3=1

c)
4 4 2 2
f ( 0 ,0 )=2 ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) −4 ( 0 ) −2 ( 0 ) =0

( 0 , 0 , 0)

4 4 2 2
f (−1 ,−1 )=2 (−1 ) + (−1 ) −4 (−1 ) −2 (−1 )

f (−1 ,−1 )=2+1−4−2=−3

(−1 ,−1 ,−3 )

4 4 2 2
f ( 1 , 1 )=2 ( 1 ) + ( 1 ) −4 ( 1 ) −2 ( 1 )

f ( 1 , 1 )=2+1−4−2=−3

( 1 ,1 ,−3 )

d)

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f 2 ∂ f
=8 x 3−8 x =24 x −8 =0
∂x ∂ x∂ x ∂ y∂x
=( 288 x y −96 x −96 x +32 )−(0)
2 2 2 2
∂f 3 ∂2 f 2
∂ f 2
=4 y −4 y =0 =12 y −4
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂y∂ y

H=( 288 x 2 y 2−96 x 2−96 x 2 +32 ) −(0)

H ( 0 , 0 )=( 288 ( 0 )2 ( 0 )2−96 ( 0 )2−96 ( 0 )2 +32 ) −( 0 )=32> 0 MÁXIMO

H (−1 ,−1 )=( 288 (−1 )2 (−1 )2−96 (−1 )2−96 (−1 )2 +32 ) −( 0 )

H (−1 ,−1 )= (288−96−96+ 32 )−( 0 ) =128>0 MÁXIMO

H ( 1 ,1 )= ( 288 ( 1 )2 ( 1 )2−96 ( 1 )2−96 ( 1 )2 +32 )− ( 0 )

Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

H ( 1 ,1 )= ( 288−96−96 +32 )−( 0 )=128>0 MÁXIMO

17. g ( x , y )=x 3 + y 3−xy 2−x+16

a)
3 3 2
∂ g ∂ x + y −xy −x +16 2 2
= =3 x − y −1
∂x ∂x

3 3 2
∂ g ∂ x + y −xy −x +16 2
= =3 y −x 2 y
∂y ∂y
b)

{
2 2
3 x − y −1=0
2
3 y −x 2 y =0

2
3 y −x 2 y =0 y ( 3 y− x 2 )=0 y ( 3 y−2 x )=0

y=0

2
3 y−2 x=0 3 y=2 x y= x
3

3 x 2−( 0 ) −1=0 3 x2 −1=0 3 x 2=1 x 2= = = √

2 1 1 3
3 √3 3

−√3 √3 y =0 y =0
x 1= x 2=
3 3 1 2

( )
2
2 2 2 4 2 23 2
3x − x −1=03 x − x −1=0 x −1=0
3 9 9

= √
9 3 3 23
23 x 2−9=0 23 x 2=9 x 2= =
23 √ 23 23

−3 √ 23 3 √ 23
x 3= x 4=
23 23

y 3=
3( 23 69 )
2 −3 √ 23 −6 √ 23 −2 √ 23
= =
23
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

y4= (
3 23
=)
2 3 √ 23 6 √ 23 2 √23
69
=
23

c)

( )( ) ( ) ( )
3
−√ 3 −√ 3 −√ 3
( 0 )2− √ + 16
3 − 3
g ,0 = +( 0 ) −
3 3 3 3

g ( −3√ 3 , 0)= −9√ 3 + 0−0+ √33 +16= 2 √9 3 +16

( −3√ 3 , 0 , 2 √9 3 + 16)
(3 ) (3) (3) (3)
3
g
√ 3 , 0 = √3 + ( 0 )3− √3 ( 0 )2− √ 3 +16

g ( √33 , 0)= √93 + 0−0− √33 +16=−29√ 3 + 16

( √33 , 0 ,− 2 √93 +16)
( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
3 3 2
−3 √ 23 2 √ 23 −3 √ 23 −2 √ 23 −3 √ 23 −2 √ 23 −3 √ 23 2 √ 23
g ,− = + − − +16= +16
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23

( −323√ 23 ,− 2 √2323 , 2√2323 +16)

( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
3 3 2
3 √ 23 2 √ 23 3 √ 23 2 √ 23 3 √ 23 2 √ 23 3 √ 23 −2 √ 23
g , = + − − +16= +16
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23

( 3 √2323 , 2 √2323 ,− 2 √2323 + 16)

d)
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f ∂ f
=3 x 2− y 2−1 =6 x =−2 y
∂x ∂ x∂ x ∂ y∂ x
=( 36 xy−12 x )−(4 y )
2 2
∂f 2 ∂2 f 2
∂ f
=3 y −x 2 y =−2 y =6 y−x 2
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂ y∂ y

H=( 36 xy−12 x2 ) −(4 y 2)

( )( ( ) ( ) )−( 4 ( 0) )=−4 <0 PUNTO SILLA

2
−√ 3 − √3 ( ) −√ 3 2
H , 0 = 36 0 −12
3 3 3

(3 ) ( (3) ( 3 ))
2
H
√ 3 , 0 = 36 √ 3 ( 0 ) −12 √3 −( 4 ( 0 )2 )=−4< 0 PUNTO SILLA

( ) ( ( )( ) ( ) ) ( ( ) )=4 > MÁXIMO

2 2
−3 √ 23 2 √ 23 −3 √ 23 −2 √ 23 −3 √ 23 −2 √ 23
H ,− = 36 −12 − 4
23 23 23 23 23 23

=(36 ( )−( 4 (
23 ) )
H( ) )( ) −12 ( )
2 2
3 √ 23 2 √ 23 3 √ 23 2 √ 23 3 √ 23 2 √ 23
, =4 > MÁXIMO
23 23 23 23 23

18. g ( x , y )=2 xy−2 x 2 y−xy 2+ x3 y 2

a)
2 2 3 2
∂ g ∂ 2 xy−2 x y−xy + x y 2 2 2
= =2 y −4 xy − y + 3 x y
∂x ∂x

2 2 3 2
∂ g ∂ 2 xy−2 x y−xy + x y 2 3
= =2 x−2 x −x 2 y + x 2 y
∂y ∂y
b)

{
2 2 2
2 y −4 xy − y + 3 x y =0
2 3
2 x−2 x −x 2 y + x 2 y =0

2 y−4 xy− y 2 +3 x 2 y 2=0 y ( 2−4 x− y+3 x 2 y )=0

2 −2+ 4 x
y=02−4 x − y +3 x y=0 y = 2
−1+3 x

2 x−2 x 2−x 2 y+ x3 2 y=0 2 x−2 x 2−x 2 ( 0 ) + x 3 2 ( 0 ) =0

x 1=0 x 2=1 y 1=0 y 2=0

Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

2 3
2 x−2 x −x 2 y+ x 2 y=0 2 x−2 x −x 2
2
( −2+4 x
−1+3 x ) (
2
3
+x 2
−2+4 x
−1+3 x
2 )
x 3=0 x 4 =1 x 5=−1+ √ 2 x 6=−1− √ 2

−2+ 4 ( 0 )2
y 3= = =2
−1+3 ( 0 ) 1
2

−2+ 4 ( 1 ) 2
y4= = =1
−1+ 3 ( 1 ) 2
2

−2+ 4 (−1+ √ 2 )
=√
2
y 5= 2
−1+3 (−1+ √ 2 ) 2

−2+ 4 (−1− √ 2 ) −√ 2
y 6= 2
=
−1+3 (−1− √ 2 ) 2

c)
2 2 3 2
g ( 0 , 0 )=2 ( 0 )( 0 )−2 ( 0 ) ( 0 )−( 0 )( 0 ) + ( 0 ) ( 0 ) =0

( 0 , 0 , 0)

2 2 3 2
g ( 1 ,0 )=2 ( 1 )( 0 )−2 ( 1 ) ( 0 )−( 1 ) ( 0 ) + ( 1 ) ( 0 ) =0

( 1 , 0 ,0 )

2 2 3 2
g ( 0 , 2 )=2 ( 0 ) ( 2 )−2 ( 0 ) ( 2 )−( 0 )( 2 ) + ( 0 ) ( 2 ) =0

( 0 , 2 , 0)
2 2 3 2
g ( 1 ,1 ) =2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )−2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) −( 1 )( 1 ) + ( 1 ) ( 1 ) =0

( 1 ,1 , 0 )

( ) (2) (2) (2) (2)

2 2
g −1+ √ 2 ,
√2 =2 ( −1+ √2 ) √2 −2 ( −1+ √2 ) 2 √ 2 − (−1+ √ 2 ) √2 + (−1+ √2 )3 √ 2 =−2 √ 2+3
2
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12

(−1+ √2 , √22 ,−2 √2+3)

( ) (2) (2) (2) (2)
2 2
g −1−√ 2 ,−
√2 =2 (−1−√ 2 ) −√ 2 −2 (−1−√2 ) 2 −√ 2 −(−1−√ 2 ) −√ 2 + (−1− √2 )3 −√ 2 =2 √
2

(−1−√2 ,− √22 ,2 √ 2+ 3)
d)

| |
2 2
∂f ∂ f 2 ∂ f 2
=2 y−4 xy − y 2 +3 x2 y 2 =−4 y +6 x y =2−4 x−6 y +3 x 2 y
∂x ∂x ∂ x ∂ y∂ x
=( 288 x y −
2 2
∂f 2 3 ∂2 f 2
2
∂ f 3
=2 x−2 x −x 2 y + x 2 y =2−4 x−2 y +3 x 2 y =−x 2+ x 2
∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂ y∂ y

H=( 8 xy−8 x 3 y −12 x 2 y 2+12 x 4 y 2 )−(−4 x + 4 x 3+ 8 x2 −8 x 4 +4 xy −16 x 3 y +12 x5 y )

H ( 0 , 0 )=( 8 ( 0 ) ( 0 )−8 ( 0 )3 ( 0 )−12 ( 0 )2 ( 0 )2+ 12 ( 0 )4 ( 0 )2 )−( −4 ( 0 ) +4 ( 0 )3 +8 ( 0 )2−8 ( 0 )4 + 4 ( 0 ) ( 0 )−16 ( 0 )3 ( 0 )+ 1

H ( 1 ,0 )=( 8 ( 1 ) ( 0 )−8 ( 1 )3 ( 0 )−12 (1 )2 ( 0 )2 +12 ( 1 )4 ( 0 )2 )−( −4 ( 1 )+ 4 ( 1 )3 +8 ( 1 )2−8 ( 1 ) 4+ 4 ( 1 ) ( 0 ) −16 ( 1 )3 ( 0 )+ 12

H ( 0 , 2 )=( 8 ( 0 )( 2 ) −8 ( 0 )3 ( 2 )−12 ( 0 )2 (2 )2+12 ( 0 ) 4 ( 2 )2 ) −(−4 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 0 )3 +8 ( 0 )2−8 ( 0 )4 + 4 ( 0 )( 2 ) −16 ( 0 )3 ( 2 )+ 1

H ( 1 ,1 )= ( 8 ( 1 ) (1 )−8 ( 1 )3 ( 1 ) −12 ( 1 )2 ( 1 )2+12 ( 1 )4 ( 1 )2 ) −(−4 ( 1 )+ 4 ( 1 )3 +8 ( 1 )2−8 (1 )4 +4 (1 )( 1 )−16 ( 1 )3 ( 1 ) +12

( )( (2) (2) (2) ( 2 )) (

2 2
H −1+ √ 2 ,
√ 2 = 8 (−1+ 2 ) √ 2 −8 (−1+ 2 )3 √2 −12 ( −1+ 2 ) 2 √ 2 +12 (−1+ 2 )4 √ 2 − −4 (
√ √ √ √
2

(
H −1+ √ 2 , )
√ 2 =(−1 4 8 √ 2+210 ) −( 136−96 √2 )=−5 2 √2+74 >0 MÁXIMO
2

( )( (2) (2) (2) (

2
H −1−√ 2,−
√2 = 8 ( −1− 2 ) −√ 2 −8 (−1− 2 )3 − √2 −12 (−1− 2 )2 −√ 2 + 12 (−1− 2 )4 −√
√ √ √ √
2 2

(
H −1−√ 2,− )
√2 =(−1 4 0 √2−198 )−( 136−96 √ 2 )=−44 √ 2−33 4<0 M ÍNIMO
2
Hasán Bello Bárcenas 21320316
1008 11-12