INGLES I:

TEMA 1

PARCIAL 1:

VOCABULARY:

Describe adjectives and nouns:

o Boom: auge Accommodation: alojamento
o Demand: demanda Beach: playa
o Launch: lanzamiento Mountains: montañas
o Market: mercado Road: camino
o Package: paquete Volcano: volcan
o Tour: excursion

o Cascading: en cascada Exotic: exotico

o Luxury: lujo Perfect: perfecto
o Scenic: escenico Second to none: insuperable
o Sparkling: espumoso Spectacular: espectacular
o White sandy: arena blanca

Money matters:
o Advance: adelantar debit card: tarjeta de debito
o Bureau de change: cambio de moneda Exchange rate: cambio de moneda
o Cash: efectivo hard currency: divisa fuerte
o Commission: comisión interest: interesado
o Credit card: tarjeta de crédito in the black: tener dinero en
cuenta
o Credit limit: limite de dinero in the red: estar en num rojos
o Traveller´s cheques: cheques de viaje weak: debil

o Backhander: soborno bankrupt: quiebra

o Bargain: rebaja compensation: compensacion
o Discount: descuento good deal: buen negocio
o Group rate: tarifa de grupo haggle: regatear
o Kickback: contragolpe overcharged: sobrecarga
o Overpriced: caro rack rate: tarifa estandar
o Recommended retail price: precio recomendarefund: rembolso
o Single supplement: suplemento individual special price: precio especial

o Backward pricing: fijacion precios hacia abajocost-plus: mayor coste

o Duty: deber Penalty: multa
o Inclusive: inclusive maintenance: mantenimiento
o fee-based pricing: precios basados tarifas price cutting: reduccion de precios
o service: servicio surcharge: recargo

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Locations:

o city: ciudad continent: continente

o tributary: afluente country: pais
o county: condado road: camino
o peak: pico footpath: sendero
o track: pista lane: carril
o mountain: montaña hillock: monticulo
o shore: orilla hill: colina
o range: rango forest: bosque
o tree: arbol copse: bosquecillo
o beach: playa wood: bosque
o pond: estanque lake: lago
o ocean: oceano sea: mar
o cape: cabo gorge: cañon de montaña
o plain: plano waterfall: cascada
o hollow: hueco valley: valle
o gulf: golfo ridge: cresta
o cliff: acantilado bay: bahia
o stream: arroyo estuary: estuario
o river: rio

o coast: costa coastline: Linea de costa

o overcrowding: saturado plateau: meseta
o irrigation: riesgo source: Fuente
o tide: marea pollution: contaminacion
o summit: cima vegetation: vegetacion
o reef: arrecife

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GRAMATICA:

TIEMPOS DEL PASADO

1. Pasado Perfecto Simple
Usamos el pasado perfecto simple cuando hablamos de una secuencia de eventos
en el pasado y con este destacar el que ocurrió primero. Digamos que es el más
lejano de los tiempos en el pasado.

Sujeto + Verbo auxiliar “HAD” + Participio pasado

Ejemplo: “When he got to the station, his train had already left“

Podemos identificar el Pasado perfecto Simple cuando:

• Usamos expresiones como; “when”, “as soon as”, “after”, “before”, etc.
Ejemplo: “He started driving before I had fastened my seatbelt”
• Usamos adverbios de tiempo como; “already”, “just”, “never”
Ejemplo: “I had never eaten steak and fish and chips until I came to England.”

2. Pasado Perfecto Continuo

El pasado perfecto continuo es usado cuando hablamos de un primer acto en el
pasado el cual empieza antes que un otro tiempo simple.

Sujeto + Verbo auxiliar “HAD” + Participio pasado “BEEN“+ Verbo-ing.

Ejemplo: “My friend needed a walk because he had been sitting down the whole
day”
Podemos identificar el Pasado Perfecto Continuo cuando:
• La frase se enfoca en la duración de la acción: “all day, “the whole week”,
“during three hours”, etc.
Ejemplo: “I had been sleeping all day that I didn’t realize you were here.”
• Se especifica la duración de la acción hasta el momento de la que está en
pasado simple.

3
 Ejemplo: “He had been playing for Manchester for only three games when we
scored his first goal.”

3. Pasado Simple
Para hablar de acciones que empezaron y acabaron en un momento concreto en el
pasado utilizamos el pasado simple
Verbo regular -ed.
El pasado simple de los verbos irregulares
Ejemplo: “I visited Romania with my mum and dad”

Podemos identificar el Pasado Simple cuando hablamos de:

• Acciones finalizadas en el pasado
Ejemplo: “I went home after the party ”
• Acciones en el pasado que ocurrieron después de otra.
Ejemplo: “I had a shower, then I went to sleep”
• Acciones que ocurrieron hace mucho tiempo en el pasado.
Ejemplo: ” We were together for three years from 2002 to 2005″

4. Pasado Continuo
El pasado continuo se utiliza para hablar de una acción que ocurrio y sé desarrolló
en el pasado, pero no está determinada en el tiempo

Sujeto + Verbo auxiliar en pasado (was/were) + verbo-ing.

Ejemplo: “I was studying when you called me”

Podemos identificar el Pasado Continuo cuando hablamos de:

• Una actividad que empezó en el pasado y continuó hasta que sucedió otra
acción.
Ejemplo: “I was doing my homework when the phone rang”
• Una actividad que empezó en el pasado y continuó después de que
sucediera otra acción.
Ejemplo: “I was watching the news when mum came back”

5. Used to
Used to es un verbo modal que se utiliza para acciones que se realizan más de
una vez en el pasado o que se realizaban regularmente. La traducción más
parecida al castellano es “solía”.

Sujeto + used to + verbo en infinitivo

Ejemplo: “She used to visit London every summer“
Podemos usar “used to” cuando:
• Hablamos de declaraciones que eran ciertas en el pasado pero ya no lo son
en el presente.
Ejemplo: “My mother used to teach English now she is retired.”
• Nos referimos a actividades que ocurrían regularmente en el pasado:
Ejemplo: “I used to run every morning when I move here.”

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 TIEMPOS DEL PRESENTE
6. Presente Perfecto
Usamos el presente perfecto simple para referirnos a eventos en el pasado pero
que se conectan con el presente.
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar “HAVE/HAS” + verbo en participio
Ejemplo: “She has arrived in London this morning”

Podemos usar el Presente Perfecto en inglés cuando:

• La acción tiene un resultado en el presente
Ejemplo: “He has twisted his ankle, so cannot play today”

7. Presente Perfecto Continuo

El presente perfecto continuo se usa para hablar sobre una actividad ya finalizada
en el pasado reciente.

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar “HAVE/HAS” + BEEN + Verbo-ing

Ejemplo: “She has been visiting many cities in Europe this summer”

Podemos usar el presente perfecto continuo en inglés cuando:

• La acción empezó en el pasado y continúa en el presente
Ejemplo: “He has been building an extension to our house and we haven’t finished
yet”
8. Presente Simple
Usamos el presente simple para hablar de hechos generales que son verdaderos y
permanentes en el mundo.
Sujeto+ Verbo/ Verbo-s (3º persona del singular)
Ejemplo: “I play basketball every Sunday morning” / “She likes living in Europe”

9. Presente Continuo
Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de eventos los cuales están en progreso
en el momento que se habla.
Sujeto + to be + verbo-ing
Ejemplo: “Mel is watching TV in this bedroom.”
*Importante*
Hay ciertos verbos que nos describen acciones si no estados, son los llamados los
state verbs los cuales NO se pueden usar en la forma continua. Estos describen:
Pensamientos: believe, know, remeber, think (cuando significa creer), feel, suppose, etc.
Sentimientos: love, like, hate, want, prefer, etc.
Sentidos: hear, see, feel, touch, smell, taste
Posesión: have, belong, own, etc.

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 TIEMPOS DEL FUTURO
10. Going to (Will / Shall)
Usamos la construcción verbal “going to” cuando nos referimos a eventos que
ocurrirán en tu tiempo cercano en el futuro o que tienen gran relevancia en el
presente.
Sujeto + verbo to be + going to + verbo en infinitivo.
Ejemplo: I’m going to leave your jacket in here, ok?

Podemos usar “going to” cuando:

• Nos referimos a intenciones o planes a corto plazo
Ejemplo: “We are going to have lunch together, would you like to come?”
• Hacemos predicciones del futuro en base a hechos del presente:
Ejemplo: “It’s going to rain tomorrow, I have just seen the forecast.”

11. Futuro Simple (Will / Shall)

Usamos Will y Shall para hacer predicciones y para establecer hechos en el futuro.
Sujeto + Will/Shall + verbo en infinitivo
Ejemplo: “She won’t work with us “
12. Futuro Continuo
Usamos el futuro continuo para referirnos a acciones temporales y eventos que
estarán en progreso en un tiempo en concreto en el futuro.
Sujeto + Will/Shall + to be + verbo-ing.
Ejemplo: “She will be planning her wedding at that time”

13. Futuro Perfecto Simple

Usamos el futuro perfecto cuando miramos hacia atrás en el pasado desde un
contexto en el futuro.
Sujeto + Will + to have + verbo en participio.
Ejemplo: “I will have finished my exams by 3rd June”

14. Futuro Perfecto Continuo

Usamos el futuro perfecto continuo cuando miramos hacia atrás en el pasado
desde un punto en el futuro, pero además queremos enfatizar la duración de la
actividad o evento.
Sujeto + Will/Shall + to have + been + verbo-ing.
Ejemplo: “I will have been working for almost a year in this company.”

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WRITING:

7
 TEMA 2
VOCABULARY:

Means of Transport:
o comfort: comodidad flexibility: flexibilidad
o punctuality: puntualidad safety: seguridad
o speed: velocidad

Road, Rail, Air and Sea:

SEA ROAD
o ashore: en tierra toll bridge: puente de peaje
o purser: Contador carriage way: via de transporte
o deck: Plataforma traffic lights: semaforo
o harbour: Puerto petrol station: estación de petrolio
o starboard: estribor roundabout: rotonda
RAIL AIR
o dining car: vagon restaurant jet lag: descompensacion horaria
o carriage: carro departure lounge: sala de espera
o sleeper: durmiente stopover: escala
o signals: señales runway: pista
o platform: plataforma baggage claim: recigida equipaje

Describe a Journey you have done

o Break down: romper

o Drop off: bajar
o Fill in: rellenar
o Find out: encontrar
o Get on: subirse
o Get on with: llevarse
o Get through: atravesar
o Hang about: rondar
o Hold up: sostener
o Pick up: coger
o St off: irse
o Take off: quitar
o Turn up: aparecer

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VOCABULARO

Hotel Facilities and services

o Air conditioning: aire acondicionado
o Airport shuttle: via directa del aeropuerto al hotel
o Baby-sitting service: cuidador de niños
o Currency Exchange: cambio de moneda
o Direct line telephone: teléfono en habitación
o Fitness enter: gimnasio
o Hairdryer: secador
o High-speed Wi-Fi Access: cobertura wifi
o In-room mini bar: mini bar en la habitacion
o Laundry and ironing: lavadora y plancha
o Pets admitted: se admikten mascotas
o Restaurant: restaurante
o Safe-deposit-box: caja de seguridad
o Satellite TV: satélite de televisión
o Sauna: sauna
o Wheelchair accces: acceso de minusválidos

Accommodation types and tariffs

o Apartment: apartamento apartment hotel: hotel apartamnetos
o Chalet: chalet commercial hotel
o Guest house: casa de invitados hotel garni: casa de huéspedes
o Motel: motel hostel
o Villa turist hotel

o All-inclusive: todo incluido American plan: habitación+2 comidas

o Continental Plan: solo desayuno bed and board: alojamiento+desayuno
o Bed ad breakfast en pension: entra todo
o Bermuda Plan demi-pension: 2 comidas+cama
o Full-board: vuelo+pension completa self catering
o Half-board: desayuno+1 comida Modified American Plan

What has gone wrong?

o Broken: roto bumped: golpeado
o Burnt: quemado cancelled: quemado
o Damaged: estropeado delayed: demorado
o Diverted: desviado mugged: asaltado
o Opened: abierto overcharged: sobrecarga
o Overcooked: demasiado cocido misinformed: mal informado
o Stolen: robado undercharged: subestimado
o Undercooked: poco cocinado

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GRAMATICA:

MODAL VERBS

MODAL EXAMPLES USES

He can find any street in London. You
Ability Suggestion
CAN can take a taxi.
Request
Can you take me to Victoria Station?
He is able to find any street in
BE ABLE TO Ability
London.
Certainty that something
CAN ́T That story can ́t be true.
is impossible
I could play tennis when I was
younger. Could you take me to Ability Request
COULD
Victoria Station?. You could take a Suggestion
taxi.
It may be quicker to travel by train.
MAY Possibility Formal request
May I come in?.
MIGHT It might be quicker to travel by train. Possibility
You must be back at 10 o ́clock. Obligation
MUST Look at the snow. It must be cold Certainty that something
outside. is true
HAVE TO You have to be back at 10 o ́clock. Obligation
NEED TO You need to study a lot Obligation
NEEDN ́T You needn ́t have a university degree. Lack of obligation
MUSTN T́ You mustn t́ drive without a licence. Prohibition
DON ́T HAVE
You don ́t have to call a taxi. Lack of obligation
TO
SHOULD You should drive more carefully Opinion / Advice
OUGHT TO You ought to drive more carefully Opinion / Advice

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE ESTOS VERBOS:

No llevan -s en la tercera persona del singular del presente simple.
No necesitan -do o -does para formar la negativa ni la interrogativa.
Nunca llevan infinitivo con to detrás, excepto be able to, need to, have to y ought
to.. No tienen infinitivo, participio ni tiempos compuestos.
NOTA: Los verbos have to y need to también se consideran “verbos semimodales”
porque no cumplen todas las características propias de los verbos modales.

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1. CAN / BE ABLE TO
CAN se auxilia de be able to en los tiempos de que carece, y tiene muchos usos:
a) Para expresar habilidad o capacidad: “saber”, “poder”.
b) Con acciones que empiezan en el pasado pero todavía tienen continuidad en el
presente. c) Para hacer peticiones, dar y pedir permiso de manera informal.
d) Para indicar posibilidad:
We can do that later. (Podemos hacer eso luego). En negativa tiene, además de
estos, otros dos usos:
e) Para expresar deducción. f ) Para indicar prohibición.
You can ́t smoke here. (No puedes fumar aquí).
BE ABLE TO también indica habilidad y posibilidad como can, pero en los tiempos
que le faltan
a este verbo modal.
Will you be able to do it before six o ́clock?. (¿Podrás hacerlo antes de las 6?)

2. COULD
a) Se usa para expresar habilidad y capacidad en el pasado.
b) Para hacer peticiones o pedir un favor de manera más formal que con can.
c) Para hacer sugerencias.
d) Para indicar posibilidad, pero dando a entender que es más remota que si
usamos can.
We could go on friday afternoon.. (Podríamos ir el viernes por la tarde).

3. MAY / MIGHT
a) Ambos verbos expresan la posibilidad de que algo ocurra en el presente o en el
futuro, sin ser seguro. Como hemos visto antes, can también expresa posibilidad
pero denota que las circunstancias reales lo permiten.
b) May también se utiliza para pedir y dar permiso de una forma más educada que
con can.

4. MUST / HAVE TO
Must sólo tiene presente, así que para el resto de los tiempos se usa have to.
a) Los dos verbos expresan necesidad y obligación, pero con must la necesidad es
más fuerte.
Cuando queremos suavizar la frase utilizamos have to.
You must take a decision as soon as possible. (Debes tomar una decisión lo antes
posible) She has to work tomorrow. (Tiene que trabajar mañana)
b) Must sirve para expresar una conclusión lógica.

5. NEED TO / NEEDN ́T
a) Need to expresa obligación o necesidad.
b) Needn ́t indica ausencia de obligación o necesidad.

6. MUSTN ́T / DON ́T HAVE TO

a) Mustn ́t indica prohibición.
b) Don ́t have to tiene un valor totalmente distinto pues significa ausencia de
necesidad, igual
que needn ́t.
You don t́ have to wash the dishes. (No tienes por qué lavar los platos / no es
necesario).

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7. SHOULD / OUGHT TO
a) Se pueden utilizar indistintamente para dar consejos y hacer recomendaciones,
aunque should es mucho más frecuente. Ought to apenas se usa en negativa e
interrogativa.

MODAL PERFECTS

MODAL EXAMPLES USES

The driver must have lost A certainty or logical conclusion about
MUST HAVE
his way. an event in the past.
MIGHT / MAY She might / may have A guess about something which
HAVE bought a new car. happened in the past.
You could have avoided The ability to do something in the past,
COULD HAVE
that accident. but which in the end was not done.
COULDN ́T He couldn ́t have known A certainty that something did not
HAVE about the problem. happen.
He should have listened Advice which was not followed in the
SHOULD to me. past.
HAVE They should have won the Expectations which were not fulfilled in
competition. the past.
SHOULDN ́T You shouldn ́t have gone
Criticism that was given after an event.
HAVE on foot.

1. Must have + participio

Se usa para expresar certeza o una conclusión lógica sobre un hecho pasado.

2. Might / May have + participio

Se usa para hacer una predicción sobre algo pasado.

3. Could have + participio

Indica que hubo la posibilidad de haber hecho algo en el pasado pero que
finalmente no se hizo.

4. Couldn ́t have + participio

En negativa expresa la imposibilidad de que el hecho enunciado se realizara.

5. Should have + participio

Se usa para lamentar que algo no ocurriera en el pasado y que no se haya
cumplido lo que esperábamos.

6. Shouldn ́t have + participio

Con este modal expresamos nuestra opinión crítica sobre un hecho pasado
indicando que no debería haber ocurrido.

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WRITING:

13
 TEMA 3

VOCABULARIO

o A perfect starting point: punto perfecto para empezar

o Be sure to: estar seguro de check out: revisar
o Enjoy a great day out: disfrutar un dia libre
o Is famous for: es Famoso pot lined with: alineado con
o Take advantage: aprovecharse de

Describing attractions:
o Affordable: asequible fun: divertido
o Lively: dinamica overrated: sobrevalorado
o packed: lleno touristy: turistico
o value for money: relacion calidad precio
o worth visiting: vale la pena visitarlo

geographical features:
o glaciers: glaciares landscapes: paisajes
o peaks: cimas plains: plano
o wilderness: desierto

activities to do:
o angling: pesca con caña bird-waching: mirar pajaros
o climbing: escalar hang-gliding: a la delta
o horse-riding: montar a caballo quat-biking: montar en quat
o rafting: skiing:
o trekking: senderismo whale-watching: mirar ballenas
o abseiling: rappel bungee jumping: puenting
o clubbing: ir de discotecas cycling: ciclismo
o eating out: comer fuera golf:
o jeep safari: safari scuba diving: submarinismo
o fishing: pescar go-karting:
o parachuting: paracaidismo photography:
o sailing: navegacion sightseeing: hacer turismo
o sunbathing: tomar el sol surfing:
o swimming: nadar water skiing: ski en el agua
o walking/ hiking: caminar windsurfing:

14
ARTICLES

GRAMATICA

ZERO CONDITIONAL IF + PRESENTE, PRESENTE

FIRST CONDITIONAL IF + PRESENTE, WILL + INFINITIVO
SECOND CONDITIONAL IF + PASADO SIMPLE, WOULD + INFINITIVO
THIRD CONDITIONAL IF + PASADO PERFECTO, WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPIO

‘ZERO’ CONDITIONAL
Es el que utilizamos para expresar «verdades absolutas«, cosas que son siempre
verdad. (Si llueve, te mojas)
Su estructura es muy sencilla:
IF + PRESENTE, PRESENTE
Ejemplos:
• If it rains, you get wet.
• If you heat water at 100ºC, it boils
A veces, podemos sustituir la conjunción IF por WHEN.
Ejemplos:
• When I finish work late, I don’t cook dinner; We order some food.

FIRST CONDITIONAL
Es el que utilizamos para hablar de situaciones en las que es bastante probable
que algo tenga lugar. Hay una posibilidad real de que algo ocurra.
La estructura es la siguiente:
IF + PRESENTE, WILL + INFINITIVO
Imaginemos que nos vamos a vivir un año a Londres, y le proponemos a un amigo
que venga a visitarnos. Este amigo nos dice que puede que sí pues tiene el dinero

15
ahorrado y le hace mucha ilusión. En esta situación podríamos decirle a nuestro
amigo:
• If you COME to London, you WILL SEE the Big Ben. (Si vienes a Londres,
verás el Big Ben)

SECOND CONDITIONAL
Es el que utilizamos para hablar de situaciones en las que hay pocas posibilidades
de que algo ocurra, aunque aún así es posible.
La estructura es:
IF + PASADO SIMPLE, WOULD + INFINITIVO
Imaginemos la misma situación que antes, pero en este caso nuestro amigo nos
dice que no cree que pueda ir a visitarnos, porque sus padres no le dejan, no
tiene el dinero, etc. En este otro caso, podríamos decirle a nuestro amigo:
• If you CAME to London, you WOULD SEE the Big Ben. (Si vinieras a
Londres, verías el Big Ben)

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Es el que utilizamos para hablar de situaciones que ya es imposible que tengan
lugar.
La estructura ya se nos complica un poco:
IF + PASADO PERFECTO, WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPIO
Imaginemos ahora que en la misma situación que venimos utilizando para los
otros dos condicionales, ya hemos vuelto de Londres tras un año de trabajo, y
nuestro amigo finalmente, no vino a vernos. Cuando nos reencontramos con él,
podríamos decirle:
• If you HAD COME to London, you WOULD HAVE SEEN the Big Ben. (Si
hubieses venido a Londres, habrías visto el Big Ben)

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PRESENTATION [15%]

This is an individual exam.

You will be asked to choose a day and time slot via our Aula Digital and you will
be summoned to be interviewed by your lecturer on the agreed date and time.
You are to speak between 3 and 5 minutes.
During your presentation, you might use notes if you wish so, but remember that
reading is NOT allowed. You can make use of a power point presentation or the
like.

TOPICS

Three possible topics: the day of the exam one will be chosen by lot.

1. Describe a holiday package.

This tour package will allow you to discover the highlights of Italy. The total price
of this tour package would be €1,187, including:
- 7 days
- flights
- 3 nights in Rome, 2 in Florence and 1 in Venice
- 6 breakfasts, 2 lunches and 2 dinners
- Visits to the monuments, with guide included
- Transfers
The itinerary unfolds as follows:
Day 1:
We travel on a direct flight from Mallorca to Rome, we will visit the city of Eterna,
where you can see wonderful views of Rome, this tour will end at the Colosseum.
Day 2:
We will take a bus that will take us to Assisi, it is a small city surrounded by walls
and with a medieval aspect, here you can visit the Basilica of San Francisco.
Day 3:
Visit the wonderful city of Florence, the center of the city, together with the Bell
Tower and the Cathedral, constituting an extraordinary set of white, green and
pink marbles.
Day 4:
Taking a bus we will reach the city of Bologna, with elegant medieval and
Renaissance monuments such as Piazza del Nettuno.
Day 5:
We will travel by boat to San Marco to visit the city, where we will visit monuments
such as San Marco Square.
Day 6:
Arriving by coach in Rome, we will spend this day visiting museums such as the
Vatican.
Day 7:
Transfer to the airport, with flight to Mallorca.

17
 2. Describe a journey you have made.

Cancun is a Mexican city located in the state of Quintana Roo, specifically in

eastern Mexico. It is the most populous city in the state and is considered a world-
class tourist destination.
My trip took place in early March 2020 with a duration off 10 days.
I was staying at the Grand Sirenas hotel in Akumal.
It was an incredible experience that I will never forget.
I have done various activities throughout the trip.
The first one was swimming with dolphins, and you can get to know how adorable
and gentle they are.
Another activity I did was snorkeling with turtles, where I was lucky enough to
meet a baby turtle.
Another trip we did was, riding quads in the middle of the jungle, it was a real
adventure.
Also we visited cenotes, which are places, usually caves that stand out for their
natural pools of crystal clear and sparkling water.
Finally, I swam in the Caribbean peaceful beaches with their white sands and
spectacular crystal clear water and I was able to see the flora of Cancun, full of
precious fish.
I can affirm that this is the best trip I have made to date, and I would love to
repeat it in the future, I am sure that I will never forget this experience

3. Describe a tourist attraction or activity in a town of your choice.

Es Trenc beach in Mallorca is one of the most famous, beautiful and recommended
beaches in Mallorca if you are going to visit Mallorca. Also, as you can imagine, it
is one of the most visited. It is located in the bay of Sa rápita, in fields, on the sub
coast of Mallorca, in a natural and wild environment. With its crystal clear waters
and fine sand, it is an excellent plan during the summer to spend a day at the
beach. An important aspect to highlight is that it is the second most important
wetland area in Mallorca, which allows more than 170 species of birds to live,
such as flamingos, herons, storks...
The Es Trenc sandbank is almost 3000 meters long, with 3 zones, in this order
from Ses Covetes:
• Arenal den Tem
• Arenal den Tenc
• Es Trenc Beach
There are no defined areas. All of them are distinguished by being a totally virgin
area, with its dune system, soft white sands and crystal clear waters.
Some activities that can be done are: Walking along the beach, collecting shells,
snorkelling, windsurfing, canoeing, paddle surfing, watching the sunset...
On the other hand, the gastronomic offer on this beach is limited, since it is
located in the middle of a nature reserve surrounded by dunes.
In conclusion, Es Trenc is, without a doubt, a spectacular place that is worth
visiting.

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 TEMA 4

PARCIAL 2:
VOCABULARY:

Types of holidays:
§ Adventure holiday: vacaciones de Aventura
§ All-exclusive holiday: vacaciones con todo incluido
§ Beach holiday: vacaciones en la playa
§ Camping holiday: vacaciones en camping
§ Cruise: crucero
§ Diving holiday: vacaciones de buceo
§ Environmental holiday: vacaciones en el medioambiente
§ Hiking holiday: vacaciones de senderismo
§ Package holiday: vacaciones de turismo
§ Safari: safari
§ Sailing holiday: vacaciones en velero
§ Self-catering interest holiday: vacaciones de interés especial
§ Tour: tour
§ Working holiday: vacaciones de trabajo

Niche tourism vs mass tourist:

§ Cheap package tours: paquetes turisticos baratos
§ Economies of scale: economias de escala
§ High spenders: grandes gastadores
§ International hotel chains: cadenas hoteleras internacionales
§ Large tourists resorts: gran centro turistico
§ Potential high profit margins: potenciales altos margenes de benefiio
§ Small businesses: pequeños negocios
§ Small-scale operations: operaciones a pequeña escala

Niche tourism experience:

§ Military: militar soldier: soldado
§ trenches: trincheras tunnel: tunel
§ holy: santo language: lenguaje
§ pilgrimage: perigrinaje university: Universidad
§ low-calorie: bajo en calorías massages: masajes
§ spa: spa stress: estres

sectors in niche tourism:

§ culinary: culinario extreme: extremo
§ genealogy: genealogia slum: barrio bajo
§ space: espacio wildlife: fauna silvestre

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Hotel staff:
§ manager: gerente commissioner: portero
§ porter: lleva las maletas valet: aparca coches
§ concierge: relaciones publicas receptionist:_ recepcionista
§ cashier: cajero travel agent: agentes de viaje
§ chambermaid: limpiadora personal assistant: asistente personal
§ meetings and conventions planner: organizador de eventos
§ comptroller: contable maître d´hotel: metre
§ waiter/waitress: camarero/a sommelier: sommelier
§ greeter: saludador sous-chef: Segundo chef
§ head chef: primer chef plounger: limpia platos

vocabulary reading:
§ return on investment: recuperar lo invertido
§ false economies: no invertir
§ GDP: gross domestic product

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GRAMMAR:

VERB + INFINITIVE OR -ING FORM

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb. But it is often difficult to

know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or ends with -ing.

1) These verbs are followed by a verb + ing.

admit (to), avoid, carry on, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, finish, can't
help, imagine, involve, justify, look forward to, miss, (not) mind, postpone, practise,
put off, recommend, risk, suggest

examples:
We want to avoid putting up our prices too much.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
You risk losing your deposit.
Would you mind filling in this form for me?

2) The verbs below take a to-infinitive.

can/can't afford, agree, arrange, appear, attempt, claim, decide, demand, deserve,
expect, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, prepare,
pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, train, undertake, want, wish, would
like

examples:
Please arrange to transfer the money to our account.
I expect to see you in Mexico City shortly.
We plan to open new offices in Guizhou.
We undertake to repatriate you if you need medical assistance.

3) Some verbs are followed by either a to-infinitive and another verb + ing but
with a change in meaning.

examples:
I will never forget meeting Barack Obama. (= I will always have this memory.)
Don't forget to sign the form. (= Remember to sign.)

I mean to talk to her later this week. (= I intend to.)

If I got a better job, it would mean moving house. (= involve)

She stopped smoking when she was 30.(= ceased)

He stopped to give me a lift. (to = in order to)

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ADJECTIVES: -ING VS. -ED

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CAUSATIVE “HAVE”

Have + object + past participle

present simple I have my hair cut once a month,

present continuous They're having their house decorated at the moment.
past simple We had the computers checked last week,
present perfect Tom has had his nose altered.
going to future I'm going to have my photograph taken

Use causative have

§ To describe a service eg painting, decorating, haircut, operation, etc that
somebody does for us.
We do not usually say who performed the action unless this is important.

I'm gong to have my photograph taken. (by a photographer - not necessary)

I'm going to nave my photograph taken by a top fashion photographer.

§ for unfortunate events eg accident, tire, theft etc.

Sally has had her car stolen.

We can use get instead of have in everyday speech eg / get my hair cut once a
month.
Note: Get something done can also mean manage to do something,
Did you get your project done?
We also use get done for unfortunate events when there is no agent.
Did anyone get hurt?
We can also use get instead of be in the passive in everyday speech with verbs
such as invite, offer, choose, take, send etc.
We got invited to Lim’s house. She got sent to France on a course.

HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

1. We use this structure if we arrange for someone to do something for us.

We'll have your car delivered to the airport. (= We won't do it ourselves.)

We're getting some pizzas sent to the office so we don't have to go out.
Get is more informal than have.

2. We use get when we arrange for someone to do something for someone

else.
I'll get the webmaster to send you the authorization code.
'The tap is leaking.
"'Sorry about that. I'll get a plumber to fix it.'

3. Do not confuse get someone to do something withmake someone do

something. My boss makes me work hard. (= obliges)

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WRITING:

Follow up your conversation with an email (200-250 words) to your client which
summarizes the most important advice.

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 TEMA 5
VOCABULARY:

Personal qualities:
§ Appropriate: apropiao Competent: competente
§ Loyal: leal Reliable: confiable
§ Welcoming: bienvenidA

Two-part verbs:
§ Hold on: espera Hang up: colgar
§ Put something through: pasa algo a traves de
§ Cut off: cortar Get thought: pensar
§ Ring up: llamar Get back: recuperar
§ airport transfer: transferen aero ADSL connection: wifi
§ bar: bar cashier: cajero
§ check in check-in time
§ coffee shop conference centre: centro de conferencia
§ en-suite bureau de change: cambio de moneda
§ honeymoon suite housekeeping: limpieza
§ key card: tarjeta non-residents: no residentes
§ no smoking pay-TV
§ rack rate: tarifa estandar reception: recepcion
§ reception room reservations department: depart. reserva
§ residents restaurant
§ balcony: balcon check out
§ direct-dial telephone gift shop: tienda regalos
§ gym lift/elevator: ascensor
§ swimming pool registration card
§ room service safe (noun)
§ safety deposit box sauna
§ tariff tea- and coffee-making facilities
§ vacancies: vacantes wireless connection: conex inalambrica

GRAMMAR:

ASKING QUESTIONS:

1. Yes/No questions begin with an auxiliary and lead to a short positive or

negative response.
Is it Friday today? No, it isn't.
Are you free this evening? Yes, I am.
Can you come with us? Yes, I can.
Do you know where it is? Yes, I do.
Does it open late? Yes, it does - until midnight.
Will we take a taxi? Yes, we probably will.

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2. We use open questions when we want more information than just a simple
answer. These questions begin with a Wh- word or How.
What is available at a reasonable price? Where would you like to go?
What kind of holiday are you looking for? When will you be free?
What time is the flight? Which terminal does it leave from?
Who is the group leader? How many people are going?
How much does it cost? How long does the flight last?

3. In indirect questions, the word order is the same as in a statement.

Can you tell me when the museum opens?
Do you know where the station is?

4. If who or what is the subject of the sentence then the word order is also the
same as in a statement.
Who looks after the travel arrangements?
What happens when things go wrong?

If who, what or which asks about the object, the auxiliary comes before the
subject.
Who shall I get in touch with?
Which do you prefer, going by train or by air?

THE PASSIVE:

1. We form the passive by using the appropriate tense of to be + a past

participle. Modals can come before the passive verb form.
The Roman ruins are being excavated
The new museum was inaugurated in 2012.
Guided tours can be organized on request.
Breakfast will be served in the dining room.

Compare these two sentences:

a. Leonardo da Vinci painted the 'Mona Lisa". This sentence is about
Leonardo da Vinci and the new information is that he painted the Mona
Lisa.
b. The 'Mona Lisa' was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. Here we are talking
about the painting and the new information is about the painter.

2. We use by when it is necessary to mention the agent (the person or thing

doing the action).
The ticket is delivered by the machine.
The holidays are sold direct by the tour operator,
not by the travel agent.

3. It is not necessary to mention the agent if it does not add any new information
or if the agent is unknown.

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The streets are cleaned every evening.
All their money and passports were stolen.

4. We use the passive to describe processes in which it is more important to say

what is done than who does it.
The application forms are read and a number of candidates are invited for
interview.
The successful candidate is offered the job.

5. We use it + passive verb + clause to talk about past events that people think
are true but there isinsufficient evidence to be absolutely sure.
It is said that the princess was murdered in the castle.
Her ghost is said to haunt the west wing.
Other reporting verbs follow the same pattern.
It is thought that Stonehenge was built to observe the stars, eclipses and the
summer and winter solstices. It is believed to have been built in two stages.

WRITNG:

Reports should be organized clearly and in a logical order, and the language used should
be formal and netural. The format and headings used here are suitable for the majority of
short reports.

The lourism potential of Santa Rosa

18 March 2013

Background
This report has been written on the request of the Regional Tourism Development Group
to investigate the tourism potential of a seaside town on the southwest coast. A
quantitative and qualitative approach has been used, using
data on domestic tourist trips within the region, including places visited, activities,
attractions, accommodation and transport.
Findings
The findings indicate that tourists are now looking for more than just a short break; they
are seeking a complete experience with opportunities for sightseeing, a good standard of
service and a pleasant environment. Our market research has shown, however, that the
town simply does not have enough attractions
and places of interest. The average visitor stays here for just 1.6 days and a shopping trip
to the market and a visit to the Ocean Experience are still the main attractions.
Conclusion
Although domestic guest nights are up 0.8 percent to 133,201 and the average length of
stay has increased from 1.5 to 1.6 nights, potential earnings
from tourism are still unexploited. The town and its surroundings have great scenic and
natural resources waiting to be developed.
Recommendations
In order to encourage a greater number of visitors and for them to stay longer (and
therefore spend more money), the destination must develop a tourist-friendly
infrastructure with innovative attractions and corporate events to draw in the business
clientele. We recommend that the Council debate the kind of attractions
suitable for the location and the amount of investment it is prepared to make.

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