Cuadernillo LI - TECNICAS DE TRADUCCIÓN
Cuadernillo LI - TECNICAS DE TRADUCCIÓN
Té c n i c a s d e Tr a d u c c i ó n
IV
S EMESTRE
Directorio
Dr. Rafael Ignacio Romero Mayo
Director General
Elaboraron:
M.C.E, Dinorah Guadalupe Olivas González, Docente del Plantel Cancún Uno
M.E. Celia Teresa Bello Angulo, Docente del Plantel Cancún Uno
Lic. Adrián Manuel Martínez Lozano, Docente del Plantel Chetumal Dos
Lic. Ana Jazmín Cruz García, Jefa de Materia del Área de Inglés, Dirección General
Revisión y aprobación:
Derechos reservados
© 2021, Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Quintana Roo
Avenida Héroes #310 entre Justo Sierra y Bugambilias
Col. Adolfo López Mateos
Chetumal, C.P. 77010, Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo
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PRESENTATION
Me es grato darte la bienvenida al nuevo semestre que estás por iniciar. En la Dirección General del
Colegio de Bachilleres de Quintana Roo, somos conscientes de las circunstancias que te rodean y que
han afectado al mundo desde hace más de año y medio; por ello, el cuadernillo que ahora posees, es
producto de un esfuerzo y trabajo conjuntos entre los docentes y los responsables de las áreas
académicas de nuestras oficinas centrales.
Si bien es cierto la pandemia continúa, ello no representa un impedimento para no cumplir con
nuestra labor educativa, razón esencial de nuestra gran institución. Por ello, hoy más que nunca, la labor
académica es vital para alcanzar nuestro principal objetivo: tu formación escolar que contribuya a
consolidar tu proyecto de vida.
El contenido de este Material didáctico del estudiante, te permitirá continuar con tu proceso de
enseñanza-aprendizaje desde casa. Por supuesto, estarás respaldado por la asesoría y seguimiento de
cada uno de tus docentes y autoridades educativas.
Cada una de las personas que laboramos en el Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Quintana
Roo ponemos lo mejor de nosotros para seguir caminando juntos, aun en la pandemia, generando
resiliencia y fortaleciendo las competencias académicas y socioemocionales que nos permitan salir
adelante.
Te invito a no bajar la guardia en lo académico y en el cuidado de tu salud. Trabaja intensamente,
con compromiso y con responsabilidad; sé responsable y perseverante, ello te llevará al éxito y a cumplir
tus metas. Te deseo lo mejor para este semestre que inicia.
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INDEX
Introduction….………………………………………………………………………………………….... 6
Block I Técnicas de traducción de inglés a español y viceversa.………………………… 7
Activity 1………………………………………………………………………………... 12
Activity 2………………………………………………………………………………... 12
Activity 3 ………………………………………………………………………………... 13
Activity 4………………………………………………………………………………... 14
Activity 5………………………………………………………………………………... 15
Activity 6………………………………………………………………………………... 16
Activity 7………………………………………………………………………………... 18
Activity 8………………………………………………………………………………... 19
Activity 9 ………………………………………………………………………………... 19
Activity 10………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Activity 11………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Activity 12 ………………………………………………………………………………. 22
Activity 13 ………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Activity 14 ………………………………………………………………………………. 24
Activity 15 ………………………………………………………………………………. 25
Activity 16 ………………………………………………………………………………. 26
Block II Fuentes de Consulta en Inglés.……………………………………………………….. 27
Activity 1………………………………………………………………………………... 30
Activity 2………………………………………………………………………………... 30
Activity 3 ………………………………………………………………………………... 32
Activity 4………………………………………………………………………………... 34
Activity 5 ………………………………………………………………………………... 34
Activity 6 ……………………………………………………………………………… 35
Activity 7 ………………………………………………………………………………... 35
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Block III Tipos de Textos a Traducir en Inglés………………………………………………… 40
Activity 1………………………………………………………………………………... 44
Activity 1.1……………………………………………………………………………… 44
Activity 1.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 45
Activity 2……………………………………………………………………………… 45
Activity 2.1……………………………………………………………………………… 46
Activity 2.2……………………………………………………………………………… 46
Activity 3………………………………………………………………………………... 47
Activity 3.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 47
Activity 3.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 48
Activity 4 ………………………………………………………………………………... 48
Activity 4.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 49
Activity 4.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 49
Activity 5 ………………………………………………………………………………... 50
Activity 5.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 50
Activity 5.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 51
Activity 6 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 51
Activity 6.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 52
Activity 6.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 52
Activity 7 ………………………………………………………………………………... 53
Activity 7.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 53
Activity 7.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 54
Activity 8 ………………………………………………………………………………... 54
Activity 8.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 55
Activity 8.2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 55
Tests ……………………………………………………………………………………. 56
Test´s Answer Key (Block III) ………………………………………………………. 70
Exercises´Answer (Block III) ………………………………………………………… 71
References ……………………………………………………………………………… 75
Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………… 76
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INTRODUCTION
Además de contar con una base de conocimientos y habilidades que les permita egresar con las
competencias profesionales básicas que enmarca el perfil del nivel medio superior y el cual propiciará
su ingreso a la educación terciaria. Derivado de lo anterior, esta capacitación está integrada por cuatro
módulos.
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Block I. Técnicas de Traducción de Inglés a Español y Viceversa
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Previous Reading
When we talk about translation, we refer to an art that has been passed from generation to generation of
translators since the Old Egypt (196 B.C.). Translation started very rough around the edges, with very
minimal composition and structure. However, with the passing of time, this art has become into a key
and binding necessity nowadays thanks to globalization and social networking. Translation helps us
understand people all around the world — from the very basics of communication to research and
developing of new technologies and studies.
Cuando hablamos de traducción, nos referimos a un arte que ha pasado de generación en generación de traductores
desde el Antiguo Egipto. La traducción comenzó de forma muy aproximada, con una composición y estructura
mínimas. Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo, este arte se ha convertido en la actualidad en una necesidad clave y
vinculante gracias a la globalización y las redes sociales. La traducción nos ayuda a comprender a las personas de
todo el mundo, desde los conceptos básicos de la comunicación hasta la investigación y el desarrollo de nuevas
tecnologías y estudios.
Translation can be separated into two main categories: Literal Translation and Free Translation —the
former being more suited for technical translation of legal, technical, or scientific texts whereas the
ladder is ideal for literary translations. Like with everything in this world, we need to find the proper
tools for the job we are going to do. This means we must first understand what type of text we are going
to work with and then pick the right translation method. Afterward, we will find that there are
techniques we can apply to our translation to make it sound more natural for our target audience.
La traducción se puede dividir en dos categorías principales: traducción literal y traducción libre; la primera es
más adecuada para la traducción técnica de textos legales, técnicos o científicos, mientras que la escalera es ideal
para traducciones literarias. Como con todo en este mundo, necesitamos encontrar las herramientas adecuadas
para el trabajo que vamos a hacer. Esto significa que primero debemos entender con qué tipo de texto vamos a
trabajar y luego elegir el método de traducción correcto. Posteriormente, descubriremos que existen técnicas que
podemos aplicar a nuestra traducción para que suene más natural para nuestro público objetivo.
This time, we will be focusing on Literal Translation, also known as direct translation. This category
involves three major techniques: Calque, Borrowing, and Literal Translation. Each of the techniques
have a specific theory and application that requires research or previous knowledge of the expression
or idea from the target language. That is, the translator must be able to investigate the idea from the
source text while comparing it from other texts from the target language
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Literal translation is the rendering of a text from one language to another one word at a time without
considering the meaning of the text. Literal translation is also known as direct translation or word-to-
word translation. In translation studies, translators use literal translations for technical translations of
legal, scientific, or technical texts.
La traducción literal es traducir un texto de un idioma a otro, una palabra a la vez, sin considerar el significado
completo del texto como tal. Esta técnica se conoce como traducción directa o palabra-por-palabra. En estudios de
la traducción, los traductores la utilizan para traducciones técnicas de documentos especializados, legales y legales.
Literal translation involves word to word translation, and there are no additions or deletions from the
original text, but free translations consider the meaning in general and may involve additions and
deletions to keep the flow of language fluent and natural.
La traducción literal implica traducir palabra por palabra y no hay adiciones u omisiones del texto original. La
traducción libre, a diferencia de esta, considera el significado general y puede involucrar adiciones y omisiones
para mantener en constante flujo y con naturalidad el lenguaje.
Then, we have Calques. These are words or phrases borrowed from another language by literal
translation, usually from a source language that has a certain connection, either direct or indirect, to our
target language. To prove our word or phrase is a calque, we need to compare it with the untranslated
term. A similar phrase may be created and used nonchalantly in either language. However, it is most
often than not a literal translation of an exact idea, concept, or structure, independently to the rest of the
sentence or paragraph.
Luego, tenemos Calques. Estas son palabras o frases tomadas de otro idioma por traducción literal, generalmente
de un idioma de origen que tiene una cierta conexión, ya sea directa o indirecta, con nuestro idioma de destino.
Para probar que nuestra palabra o frase es un calco, debemos compararla con el término no traducido. Se puede
crear una frase similar y usarla con indiferencia en cualquier idioma. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las veces es una
traducción literal de una idea, concepto o estructura exactos, independientemente del resto de la oración o párrafo.
Finally, but not less importantly, we have Borrowings. This technique is one of the most common
ones since it’s not as complicated to use as others. A borrowing is basically a conscious decision
made by the translator to not translate a word from the source text, applying it to our target
text. This also grants the translator the ability to put a text into a particular context to prevent
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loss of information and register. It is used quite often for scientific terminology, translations
from Latin, and very specific vocabulary that just doesn’t exist in our target language.
Finalmente, pero no menos importante, tenemos Préstamos. Esta técnica es una de las más comunes, ya
que no es tan complicada de usar como otras. Un préstamo es básicamente una decisión consciente tomada
por el traductor de no traducir una palabra del texto de origen, aplicándola en nuestro texto de destino.
Esto también le otorga al traductor la capacidad de poner un texto en un contexto particular para evitar
la pérdida de información y el registro. Se utiliza con bastante frecuencia para terminología científica,
traducciones del latín y vocabulario muy específico que simplemente no existe en nuestro idioma de
destino.
In the same fashion we have our direct translation techniques, we also have indirect ones. These
other techniques are also called Free Translation techniques, since they give the translator free
reign to do their work. This category has more techniques than its sibling, the direct translation.
De la misma manera tenemos nuestras técnicas de traducción directa, también tenemos las indirectas.
Estas otras técnicas también se denominan técnicas de traducción libre, ya que le dan al traductor libertad
para hacer su trabajo. Esta categoría tiene más técnicas que su hermana, la traducción directa.
These include:
Omission, in which one ignores a word or a few words from the Source Text on the translation.
This can happen by accident in some cases. For example, when the source language has not the
same structure or idea as the target language, we usually omit words to make it sound more
natural, without altering the context overall.
Omisión, en la que uno ignora una palabra o algunas palabras del Texto Fuente en la traducción. Esto
puede suceder por accidente en algunos casos. Por ejemplo, cuando el idioma de origen no tiene la misma
estructura o idea que el idioma de destino, generalmente omitimos palabras para que suene más natural,
sin alterar el contexto en general.
Transposition; one of the most important and relevant translation techniques since it’s the
guideline towards oblique translation (free translation). This technique allows the translator to
exert their freedom of modifying the idea but keeping the focal point the same. This replaces a
word class with another one without changing the meaning of the idea as a whole.
Transposición; una de las técnicas de traducción más importantes y relevantes, ya que es la guía para la
traducción oblicua (traducción libre). Esta técnica permite al traductor ejercer su libertad de modificar
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la idea pero manteniendo el mismo punto focal. Esto reemplaza una clase de palabras por otra sin cambiar
el significado de la idea como un todo.
Modulation is the process of translation in which there is a chance on the concept or a term
(Point of view or perspective) without modifying the intend. It expresses the difference
between literal translation and coherent meaning translation (the idea remains the same, but
the wording of it changes to match the target language). There are expressions in our source
language that people can literal translate and will still make sense grammatically — It is not
difficult to express – Eso no es difícil de expresar.” However, in some cases you can modulate
it to make it sound better on our target language. It works mostly with concrete and abstract
concepts and passive to active voice.
La modulación es el proceso de traducción en el que existe una posibilidad sobre el concepto o un término
(punto de vista o perspectiva) sin modificar la intención. Expresa la diferencia entre traducción literal y
traducción de significado coherente (la idea sigue siendo la misma, pero la redacción cambia para
adaptarse al idioma de destino). Hay expresiones en nuestro idioma de origen que las personas pueden
traducir literalmente y aún tendrán sentido gramaticalmente. No es difícil de expresar. Eso no es difícil
de expresar ”. Sin embargo, en algunos casos puede modularlo para que suene mejor en nuestro idioma
de destino.
Adaptation, also called cultural substitution or cultural equivalent, is a cultural
element which replaces the original text with one that is better suited to the culture
of the target language. This achieves a more familiar and comprehensive text.
La adaptación, también llamada sustitución cultural o equivalente cultural, es un
elemento que reemplaza el texto original con uno que se adapta mejor a la cultura
del idioma de destino. Esto logra un texto más familiar y completo.
Equivalence or Reformulation. This is a translation technique which uses a completely
different expression to transmit the same reality. Through this technique, names of institutions,
interjections, idioms or proverbs can be translated.
Equivalencia o reformulación. Se trata de una técnica de traducción que utiliza una expresión
completamente diferente para transmitir la misma realidad. Mediante esta técnica se pueden traducir
nombres de instituciones, interjecciones, modismos o refranes.
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Activity 1.- Underline which of the following words is a calque.
Calques
Balonmano.
Baseball.
Boulevard.
Hot-dog.
Doctor.
Handball.
Béisbol.
Boulevard.
Hot-dog.
Doctor.
Cancún.
Hotel.
Cabaña.
Luna de miel.
Microondas.
Televisión.
Libros.
Croquetas.
Jardín de niños.
Teclado.
Computadora.
Juegos.
Borrowings
Food truck.
Bulevar.
Autopista.
Banqueta.
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Bluetooth.
Dienteazul.
Hamburguesa.
Taladro.
Burger.
Mondadientes.
Conexión.
Consola.
Bistec.
Espagueti.
Lasaña.
Croissant.
Bistec.
Espagueti.
Lasaña.
Croissant.
Literal Translation
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Answer: ____________________________________________.
“The Legend of Zelda is the greatest video game saga.”
Answer: ____________________________________________.
Activity 4. Identify if the following sentences are correct examples of Literal Translation.
“We saved two hours using the highway.” — “Ahorramos dos horas usando la autopista.”
Correct / Incorrect
“Friday The Thirteen has many films.” — “Viernes 13 tiene muchas películas.”
Correct / Incorrect
“Bacalar has the best lagoon in the world.” — “La mejor laguna del mundo es la de Bacalar.”
Correct / Incorrect
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“Pucker, my dog, has not found a way to climb up the sofa.” — “Pucker, mi perro, aún no
descubre cómo subirse al sofá.”
Correct / Incorrect
Activity 5. Find and circle the calques and find and underline the borrowings on each sentence.
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o I had a great evening with you, monseiur.
8. ¿Cómo es ella?
Answer: ____________________________________________.
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13. ¿Estás escuchando música ahora?
Answer: ____________________________________________.
20. Es probable que ellos te visiten así que, si yo fuera tú, haría un pastel.
Answer: ____________________________________________________________.
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Activity 7. Match the calques on the left with their respective original word on the right.
Kindergarten Rascacielos
Ciencia
Cuenta atrás ficción
Fin de
guardacostas semana
Skyscraper Countdown
Weekend Vagabundo
Jardín de
Homeless niños
Self-service Coastguard
Unemployment Desempleo
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Activity 8. Match the borrowings on the left with their respective language on the right.
Bypass
Camping
Hamaca English
Boutique
Software
Chef French
Gouda
Barman
Aduana Italian
Blog
Gourmet
Paparazzi German
Algebra
Manager
Chat Spanish
Mozzarella
Test
Best-seller Arabic
Activity 9. State if the following sentences about Direct Translation are True or False.
4. Literal Translation is the most recommended technique to use for every type of
translation.
True / False
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5. Literal Translation is mostly used for the technical translation of legal, scientific, or
technical texts.
True / False
7. Borrowings are words borrowed from another language into our target language.
True / False
8. Calques are words borrowed from another language into our target language.
True / False
9. A calque is a word taken from a source language and translated into the target
language keeping the original meaning but altering the structure. It’s usually les than
three words.
True / False
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Activity 10. Write a sentence in Spanish using the word in parenthesis as Borrowings.
(Chef): _____________________________________________________________.
(Chance): ___________________________________________________________.
(Software): _________________________________________________________.
(Stalking): __________________________________________________________.
(Golf): ______________________________________________________________.
(Gangster): __________________________________________________________.
(Closet): ____________________________________________________________.
(Amateur): __________________________________________________________.
(Hobby): ____________________________________________________________.
(Sandwich): _________________________________________________________.
(Tour): ______________________________________________________________.
(Boy-scout): _________________________________________________________.
(Ping-pong): _________________________________________________________.
(Kayak): _____________________________________________________________.
(Pony): ______________________________________________________________.
(Scanner): ___________________________________________________________.
Activity 11. Write a sentence in Spanish using the word in parenthesis as Calques.
(Weekend): _______________________________________________________________.
(Countdown): _____________________________________________________________.
(Skyscraper): ______________________________________________________________.
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(High voltage): __________________________________________________________.
(Homeless): ______________________________________________________________.
(Coastguard): ____________________________________________________________.
(Self-service): ____________________________________________________________.
(Blue-blood): _____________________________________________________________.
(Kindergarten): ____________________________________________________________.
(Motherboard): ____________________________________________________________.
(Broadband): ______________________________________________________________.
Activity 12. Write a sentence on each of the lines using either a calque or a borrowing as you
see fit. The sentences must have at least 10 words.
1. __________________________________________________________________.
2. __________________________________________________________________.
3. __________________________________________________________________.
4. __________________________________________________________________.
5. __________________________________________________________________.
6. __________________________________________________________________.
7. __________________________________________________________________.
8. __________________________________________________________________.
9. __________________________________________________________________.
10. __________________________________________________________________.
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Activity 13. The next words are considered false calques. Write the false calque of each of
them followed by the true calque.
Example: Severe / Severo.
Library:
Actual:
Exit:
Injury:
Sensible:
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Assume:
Embarrassed:
El Papa:
Management:
Discontinue:
3.- “The professor has said that we are good to go.” _____________________________.
4.- “Cats and dogs don’t get along, says the old woman.” _____________________________.
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7.- “You have to think how you say something naturally in your language.”
_______________________________________________.
8.- “Then, you will know the answer to your question.” _____________________________.
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Activity 16. Apply the Adaptation technique to the following sentences:
1.- “Would you like a cup of tea?” ¿Te gustaría una taza de café?.
2.- “He lives several miles away from me.” __________________________.
3.- “If you can feel it, you know it’s true.” ___________________________.
4.- “She’s having a ball.” _________________________.
5.- “Pedro is having the time of his life!” ____________________________.
6.- “Juana is having a laugh at this.” ___________________________.
7.- “This is alright.” ___________________________.
8.- “I’m pissed off! Don’t talk to me.” ___________________________.
9.- “He’s being a little cheeky today.” __________________________.
10.- “It’s very cold. Isn’t it?” _____________________.
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Block II. Fuentes de Consulta en Inglés
Aprendizaje Esperado: Establece las normas de redacción que debe emplear al momento de
redactar textos, resúmenes y síntesis en el idioma inglés, haciendo uso de técnicas, fuentes e
instrumentos para favorecer un pensamiento crítico en la traducción de diversos textos que abordan
situaciones de su entorno.
Atributo (s): 4.1 Expresa ideas y conceptos mediante representaciones lingüísticas, matemáticas o
gráficas. 4.3 Identifica las ideas clave en un texto o discurso oral e infiere conclusiones a partir de
ellas. y 6.1Elige las fuentes de información más relevantes para un propósito específico y discrimina
entre ellas de acuerdo a su relevancia y confiabilidad.
Conocimiento (s): Fuentes de Consulta en Inglés (Primarias y Secundarias)
Previous Reading
Primary resources contain first-hand information, meaning that you are reading the author’s
own account on a specific topic or event that s/he participated in. Examples of primary
resources include scholarly research articles, books, and diaries. Primary sources such as
research articles often do not explain terminology and theoretical principles in detail. Thus,
readers of primary scholarly research should have foundational knowledge of the subject area.
Use primary resources to obtain a first-hand account to an actual event and identify original
research done in a field. For many of your papers, use of primary resources will be a
requirement.
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Primary and secondary sources
Primary sources provide a first-hand account of an event or time period and are considered to
be authoritative. They represent original thinking, reports on discoveries or events, or they can
share new information. Often these sources are created at the time the events occurred but they
can also include sources that are created later. They are usually the first formal appearance of
original research.
Primary and secondary categories are often not fixed and depend on the study or research you
are undertaking. For example, newspaper editorial/opinion pieces can be both primary and
secondary. If exploring how an event affected people at a certain time, this type of source would
be considered a primary source. If exploring the event, then the opinion piece would be
responding to the event and therefore is considered to be a secondary source.
Primary sources
Diaries
Correspondence
ships' logs
original documents e.g. birth certificates, trial transcripts
biographies
autobiographies
manuscripts
interviews
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speeches
oral histories
letters
clinical reports
interviews
case law / case studies
dissertations
legislation
regulations
constitutions
government documents
statistical data
research articles
research reports
a journal article reporting NEW research or findings
creative art works (poetry, music, video, photography)
literature
newspaper advertisements and reportage and editorial/opinion pieces.
Library collection
Primary sources for history subject guide
Secondary sources
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Almanacs
journal articles that comment on or analyze research
textbooks
dictionaries and encyclopedias
books that interpret, analyze
book reviews
commentaries
political commentary
biographies
dissertations
magazine articles
newspaper editorial/opinion pieces
criticism of literature, art works or music
Activity 1. Underline the correct definition for each Source of Research category:
Primary Sources are:
Firsthand accounts of actual events written by an eyewitness or original literary or
artistic works.
Discussions, evaluations, syntheses, and analyses of primary- and secondary-source
information.
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The comment section on an official Web Site:
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
Creative works like novels and comics
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
A biography of George W. Bush
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
Photographs of World War 2 soldiers during the war
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
Letters written by Edgar Alan Poe
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
A documentary on PTSD
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
A newspaper article about the massive earthquake of the ‘85
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
The speech “I Have a Dream”
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
A personal interview done to WW II veterans
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
A magazine article about the importance of exercise
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
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A news report about the anniversary of the 9/11
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
A newspaper article about the Pearl Harbor attack
Primary source of research
Secondary source of research
Activity 3. Underline which of the following is an example of the Source of Research
requested:
Primary Source of Research:
Ship’s log.
Almanacs
Newspaper editorial opinion pieces
Secondary Source of Research:
Speeches
Interviews
Clinical reports
Primary Source of Research:
Dissertations
Regulations
Magazine articles
Secondary Source of Research:
Books that interpret / analyze
Literature
Research articles
Primary Source of Research:
Research reports
Book reviews
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Commentaries
Secondary Source of Research:
Government documents
Textbooks
Case studies
Primary Source of Research:
Journal articles that comment on or analyze research
Constitutions
Criticism of literature
Secondary Source of Research:
Biographies
Letters
Research reports
Primary Source of Research:
Regulations
Dictionaries
Encyclopedias
Secondary Source of Research:
Political commentary
Case law
Ship’s log
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Activity 4. Complete the following chart on the left by categorizing the sources of research
from the right.
Activity 5. Write P (for Primary) or S (for Secondary) on the lines to categorize each example.
1) A play showing how Benjamin Franklin flew a kite during a lightning storm. ____________
2) A short story describing Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla's 'electrical' battle. ____________
3) Anne Frank's diary describing her life during World War 2. ___________
7) A scientist explaining what it was like for Buzz Aldrin to walk on the moon. ______
9) An interview with Alexander Graham Bell about how he invented the telephone. _______
10) A radio broadcast from the day the Soviet Union launched Sputnik. _______
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13) A famous artist's painting of what cowboy life was probably like. ______
14) A journal by a cowboy about the cattle drives from Texas to Kansas. ________
Activity 6. Fill in the blanks with “Primary Source of research” or “Secondary Source of research”
accordingly to complete the idea.
A ___________________________________ is a first-hand perspective in which a person
describes an experience.
A ___________________________________ is a second-hand perspective in which a person
describes an experience someone else lived.
A ___________________________________ is better to find facts and for research.
A ___________________________________ is better to find more detailed information.
In ___________________________________ are easier to corroborate their authenticity.
In ___________________________________ are harder to corroborate their authenticity.
A ___________________________________ are often empirical studies / research where an
experiment was performed or a direct observation was made.
A ___________________________________ are usually studies or research in which an
experiment was reviewed or analyzed indirectly.
___________________________________ are created during the time or period in which they
took place or created not far later by a direct witness or witnesses.
A ___________________________________ summarize, evaluate, and analytically interpret
primary material, often by offering a personal perspective.
Activity 7. Answer the questions below each image using the information you can find in them.
35
Question 1: What type of Source of Research is this?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 2: Do you think this information is from a new or an old document?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 3: What is the purpose of this Source of
Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 4: Where can you find this Source of
Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 5: How common it is to find it?
Answer: ______________________________________.
36
Question 1: What type of Source of Research is this?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 2: What is the name of this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 3: What is the purpose of this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 4: Where can you find this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 5: How common it is to find it?
Answer: ______________________________________.
37
Question 1: What type of Source of Research is this?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 2: Do you think this information is from a new or an old
document?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 3: What is the purpose of this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 4: Where can you find this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 5: How common it is to find it?
Answer: ______________________________________.
38
Question 1: What type of Source of Research is this?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 2: What is the name of this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 3: What is the purpose of this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 4: Where can you find this Source of Research?
Answer: ______________________________________.
Question 5: How common it is to find it?
Answer: ______________________________________.
39
Block III. Tipos de Textos a Traducir en Inglés
Atributo (s): 4. Escucha, interpreta y emite mensajes pertinentes en distintos contextos mediante
la utilización de medios, códigos y herramientas apropiados/4.1 Expresa ideas y conceptos
mediante representaciones lingüísticas, matemáticas o gráficas. / 4.3 Identifica las ideas clave
en un texto o discurso oral e infiere conclusiones a partir de ellas.
Conocimiento (s): Produce tipos de textos a traducir en inglés, a partir de ejercicios de redacción
de diversa índole en su contexto, escuchando y respetando diferentes puntos de vista
promoviendo el bien común para el desarrollo de las habilidades de egreso requeridas en su
formación académica.
Previous to join the training course Capacitación Lengua Inglesa, in the subject Lectura y Redacción,
you were able to study different types of texts and its conventionalisms. In this module, you will study
the English written texts its norms; so your prior knowledge on Spanish texts is very important.
We come across to many types of texts which depending on the different disciplines they must meet
different criteria and intentions in order to convey the authors message. They have been categorized in
four main types:
INFORMATIONAL
NARRATIVE
OR
EXPOSITORY
TYPES OF
WRITTEN TEXTS
OFFICIAL DESCRIPTIVE
INFORMATIONAL TEXTS:
The writer's purpose is to inform the readers about a topic of interest. The author uses a wide variety of
structures to convey facts and information that might be: titles, headers, subtitles, table of contents, bold
of italicized text, glossaries, etc. This type of texts is also called non-fictional or expository.
40
Characteristics: Examples of this type of texts are:
1. Delivers information as clearly,
comprehensively and accurately Business writings.
possible. Expository essays.
2. Uses an objective style and impersonal News writing/journalism.
expressions. Recipes.
3. Generally, uses facts, examples, Scientific reports.
explanations, analogies and sometimes Text books.
statistical information, quotations and
references as evidence.
4. Chooses descriptive language, structure
and sequence to make the message clear
and unambiguous, so the sequencing of
information is usually logical. Probably
uses few adjectives, adverbs and
images, except as examples or analogies
in explanation.
DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS:
In these type of texts, the author shares his/her perspective with the reader, creating a picture for the
reader using descriptive words (adjectives). The author’s aim is to make the reader feel what he
experienced through his/her choice of words, which are vivid, colourful and detailed.
41
Traffic on the interstate seemed
heavier than usual. There was a
line of cars filling both lanes
ahead as far as the eye could
see. There were cars behind her
vehicle as well, stretching out
as far as was visible. Traffic was
moving steadily, though below
the speed limit.
Characteristics: Examples:
1. Provides concrete information. Freewriting.
2. It often uses figurative language. Journals.
3. Uses first or third person writing style. Poetry.
4. Use of simple present tense: The sentence Travel writing .
pattern used is simple present because it Diaries.
tells the fact of the object described. Product descriptions.
5. Action verb: verbs that show an activity
(for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc….
OFFICIAL TEXTS:
This type of text, helps people in a working environment, unfamiliar environment or governmental
situations; to communicate in in a clear way, using formal language and conventions which indicate
dignified and deferential regarding for the reader. They are used for academic, professional and/or
legal purposes.
42
Characteristics: Examples:
Language chosen based on the target Business proposals.
audience. Power of attorney.
It has an objective approach. Request letter.
Complex structure, following the Employment application.
conventions of the type of document. Official documents.
Formal language is used, use of full Reference letter.
words, avoid contractions.
Points are clearly introduced, explained
and concluded.
They are carefully planned, revised and
reviewed to be as clear as possible.
NARRATIVE TEXTS:
This type of text, tells a story and makes a point. The story involves creating character and describing
settings to make the story more realistic. This type of writing includes descriptive details to state what
happens in the story.
Characteristics: Examples:
Language chosen based on the target Anecdotes
audience. Novels
Use of structure and sequencing – Oral story
beginning, node, ending, plot, characters, Poems
settings, climax- to complete the story. Short stories
Narrated chronologically.
It may use dialogues.
Uses sensory details and vivid
descriptions to involve the reader.
43
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Analyse the following extract of a text and make a graphic organizer.
For starters, use it! Exercising your brain helps it grow in the same way that muscles grow with physical
exercise. Take violin players: they learn complicated finger movements for the left hand, and the brain
area controlling that hand is larger than most people who haven’t practiced those finger movements.
Don’t play the violin? Try puzzles and games you are not good at. It sounds weird, but if you are
already good at a particular game or activity, your brain won’t create new neural connections. If you
are a language person, try number or logic puzzles like sudoku; if you are good with numbers, try
learning to draw—hands are especially difficult to get just right. These activities will keep your brain
healthy and strong.
Also, remember to feed your brain what it needs to keep working for you. Blueberries and walnuts have
lots of the right nutrients to keep your brain working smoothly.
Activity 1.1. Complete the chart with information from the previous extract.
44
Activity 1.2 Translate the previous text into Spanish.
Write your translation here:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a mind map.
Milla was hiding in an orange tree on the day the dragons returned to Arcosi. She was busy ignoring anyone
who called for her, just as stubbornly as she ignored the twigs that were poking into her back or scratching her
arms or tangling her curly black hair. She was small enough to be completely hidden by the dense green foliage,
making it the ideal hiding place right there in the middle of it all, between the main building of the Yellow
House and its kitchen block.
If she turned her head she could gaze down over the garden wall to the city rooftops below, and count the ships
approaching the harbour. She breathed in the hot busy smell of Arcosi, the city she loved: dusty stone, foul
drains, rotting fish, salt, spice and blossom.
Being hidden brought Milla the first rest of the day. She felt the wobble in her legs and an airy, untethered
feeling that told her she’d missed a meal. She reached out and picked a sun-warmed orange, peeling it with her
dirty 2.1
Activity nailsComplete
and suckingthethe juicemap
mind fromwith
the flesh till it ran down
information her
about chin,is,
what before throwing the evidence
its characteristics over the
and which
garden wall.
words or sentences indicated it, provide at least 3 examples.
45
Activity 2.1 Complete the mind map with the requested information from the previous text.
Type of text
Characteristics
3 Examples
Mind map.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
46
Activity 3. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a graphic organizer.
.
Activity 3.1 Complete the graphic organizer with the requested information. Provide at least 3
examples.
Type
of Characteristics Examples
text
47
Activity 3.2 Translate the previous text into Spanish.
Write your translation here:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a graphic organizer.
The front door was closed and set far back in a very deep porch. The wind and rain had whipped a coating
of gritty dust against the panels and deep into the crack where the door opened, showing that it had been
shut for years. Standing on a derelict flower-bed, I tried to push open the first window on the left. It yielded
to my strength, raspingly and stubbornly. I clambered through the opening and found myself, not at once
in a room, but crawling along the deepest window-ledge I had ever seen. After I had jumped noisily down
upon the floor, I looked up and the open window seemed very far away and much too small to have
admitted me.
The room where I found myself was thick with dust, musty and empty of all furniture. Spiders had erected
great stretching of their web about the fireplace. I made my way quickly to the hall, threw open the door of
the room where the box was and paused on the threshold. It was a dark morning and the weather had
stained the windows with blears of grey wash which kept the brightest part of the weak light from coming
in. The far corner of the room was a blur of shadow. I had a sudden urge to have done with my task and be
out of this house forever.
48
Activity 4.1 Complete the graphic organizer with the requested information. Provide at least 3
examples
Type
of Characteristics Examples
text
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
49
Activity 5. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a graphic organizer.
9 de noviembre
He decido volver al Encrucijada Veracruzana, no porque espere encontrar a los reales visceralistas sino
por ver una vez más a Rosario.
Le he escrito unos versitos. Hablo de sus ojos y del interminable horizonte mexicano, de las iglesias
abandonadas y de los espejismos de los caminos que conducen a la frontera. No sé por qué, creo que
Rosario es de Veracruz o de Tabasco, incluso puede que de Yucatán. Acaso lo mencionó ella. Puede
que sólo sea imaginación mía. Tal vez la confusión esté propiciada por el nombre bar y Rosario no sea
no veracruzana ni yucateca sino del DF.
En todo caso, he creído que unos versos que evoquen tierras diametralmente distintas de las suyas (en el supuesto de que sea
veracruzana, algo de lo que estoy cada vez más dudoso) resultarán más prometedores, al menos en lo que a mis
Activity [Link].
intenciones Complete the chart
Después with
pasará information
lo que tenga que from
[Link] previous extract.
50
Activity 5.2 Translate the previous text into English.
Write your translation here:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 6. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a graphic organizer.
Receta de salmorejo
Ingredientes:
1. 1 Kg de tomates
2. 200 gr de pan
3. 100 gr de aceite de oliva
4. 1 diente de ajo
5. Una pizca de sal
Elaboración:
1. Lava y tritura los tomates
2. Añade el pan en trozos
3. Añade el diente de ajo y la sal
4. Bate la mezcla con una batidora o
trituradora
5. Añade el aceite a medida que se va batiendo
6. Déjalo enfriar. Puedes acompañarlo con
huevo cocido y jamón.
51
Type of
text
Characteristics
3
Examples
Mind map.
Activity 6.1 Complete the mind map with the requested information from the previous text.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
52
Activity 7. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a graphic organizer.
Activity 7.1 Complete the graphic organizer with the requested information. Provide at least 3
examples
Type
of Characteristics Examples
text
53
Activity 7.2 Translate the previous text into English.
Write your translation here:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 8. Analyse the following extract of a text and create a graphic organizer.
El ceibo
El Ceibo es un árbol originario de Sudamérica. Este árbol puede llegar a medir entre 5 y
10 metros de alto. En ciertas ocasiones se han hallado árboles de Ceibo de hasta 20
metros.
54
Type of
text
Characteristics
3 Examples
Mind map.
Activity 8.1 Complete the mind map with the requested information from the previous text.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
55
TESTS (BLOCK I TO III)
TESTS BLOCK I.- 1. Circle “T” for True or “F” for “False” according to the following statements:
The most common translation techniques are Literal Translation and Calques:
T/F
1. Borrowings can only come from English into another language.
T/F
2. Calque is the most used Direct Translation technique.
T/F
3. Borrowings are used in many languages and for many reasons.
T/F
4. Literal Translation is the most recommended technique.
T/F
5. Adaptation makes you lower the register of an idea to make it sound more appealing to the
source language.
T/F
6. Borrowings come from many languages, used just the way they are on the source language into
the target language.
T/F
7. Literal Translation is the best option when translating from English into Spanish since the
grammar of both languages is the same.
T/F
8. Many Borrowings come from Latin, German, French, and other variations of the same.
T/F
9. One should only use Adaptation when speaking about idioms, colloquialisms, and the like.
T/F
10. Which of the following translations are done correctly? Circle or underline them.
“She really liked her shirt”
A) A ella le gusto su blusa.
B) La niña adoró su camiseta.
C) Le gustó mucho su playera.
56
11. “I’m dying of embarrassment!”
A) ¡Me muero de la pena!
B) ¡Me está matando este embarazo!
C) ¡Me muero del embarazo!
12. “If only you had seen them.”
A) Si tan solo los hubieras visto.
B) Ojalá la hayas visto.
C) Si solo tú hubieras visto ellos.
13. “I know you know what we all know.”
A) Sé que sabes lo que todos sabemos.
B) Sabes lo que sé que todos sabemos.
C) Yo sé tú sabes que nosotros todos sabemos.
14. “Patricia saw you leaving him.”
A) Patricia te vio dejándole.
B) Patricia vio tú dejando él.
C) Patricia te vio abandonándolos
15. “The school sent an advertisement this morning.”
A) La escuela emitió una amenaza.
B) La escuela envió una advertencia esta mañana.
C) La escuela emitió un anuncio esta mañana.”
16. “She assisted the Hospital.”
A) Ella asistió al hospital.
B) Ella apoyó al hospital.
C) Ella hizo un hospital.
17. “The carpet is dirty.”
A) La carpeta está sucia.
B) La carpeta es malpensada.
C) La alfombra está sucia.
18. “The code is on the table.”
A) El código está en la mesa.
B) El codo está en la mesa.
C) El codito es en la tableta.
57
19. “I am very constipated.”
A) Yo estoy muy estreñido.
B) Estoy constipado.
C) Yo soy muy constipado.
20. Which of the following translations are done correctly? Circle or underline them.
“I saw a nude on the beach!”
A) ¡Vi a un desnudo en la playa!
B) ¡Vi un nudo en la playa!
C) ¡Yo vi un desnudo sobre la playa!
58
25. “My aunt is dressed in red.”
A) Mi tía está vestida en redes.
B) Mi tía se vistió de mallas.
C) Mi tía está vestida de rojo.
59
- No tienes por qué portarte condescendiente conmigo.
- Un delfín nariz de botella pasó por nuestro bote.
- La gente categoriza a cualquier mujer empoderada como feminazi.
32. Underline the borrowings you can find on the following sentences:
- She ordered a chalupa for her birthday.
- Si consigues una bolsa eco-friendly, puedes comprar con nosotros.
- I bought some quesadillas for lunch.
- Let’s roll at the boulevard with my friends later on.
- My family ordered pizza for dinner.
- We went to Chichen Itza last week.
- He had a Mexican Cuenta-cuentos with us tonight.
- We left our youngling at the Kidergarten.
- I got me a pair of Jeans last week.
- We saw El Chavo del Ocho on the TV.
Which of the following translations are done correctly? Circle or underline them.
33. “You better contest that!”
A) ¡Será major que respondas!
B) ¡Será major que compitas!
C) ¡Tú major competir eso!
60
36. “The exit is right there.”
A) El éxito está justo ahí.
B) El éxito está derecha ahí.
C) La salida está ahí.
61
Complete the following chart about translation techniques categorizing them by group.
Literal, Adaptation, Modulation, Calque, Borrowing, Omission, Equivalence, Transposition.
62
TESTS BLOCK II (Sources of Research)
Circle “T” for True or “F” for “False” according to the following statements regarding Primary
Sources of Information:
1. Primary resources contain first-hand information, meaning that you are reading the author’s
own account on a specific topic or event that s/he known from another person.
T/F
2. Primary sources describe, summarize, or discuss information or details originally
presented in another source; meaning the author, in most cases, did not participate in
the event.
T/F
3. Readers of primary scholarly research should have foundational knowledge of the
subject area.
T/F
4. Primary resources contain first-hand information, meaning that you are reading the
author’s own account on a specific topic or event that s/he participated in.
T/F
5. This type of source is written for a narrow audience and does not include definitions of
discipline specific terms, history relating to the topic, significant theories and
principles, and summaries of major studies/events as related to the topic.
T/F
6. Primary sources provide a first-hand account of an event or time period.
T/F
7. Use primary resources to obtain a first-hand account to an actual event and identify
sources.
T/F
9. Utilize such resources in an annotated bibliography for doctoral level work for any
reason.
T/F
63
10. Newspaper editorial/opinion pieces can be both primary and secondary.
T/F
Circle “T” for True or “F” for “False” according to the following statements regarding Secondary
Sources of Information:
T/F
1. This type of source is written for a broad audience and will include definitions of
discipline specific terms, history relating to the topic, significant theories and
principles, and summaries of major studies/events as related to the topic.
T/F
2. Scholarly journals, often contain articles on very specific subjects.
T/F
3. Secondary resources contain first-hand information, meaning that you are reading the author’s
own account on a specific topic or event that s/he known from another person.
T/F
4. Secondary sources provide a first-hand account of an event or time period.
T/F
5. Secondary resources contain first-hand information, meaning that you are reading the
author’s own account on a specific topic or event that s/he participated in.
T/F
6. Secondary sources describe, summarize, or discuss information or details originally
presented in another source; meaning the author, in most cases, did not participate in
the event.
T/F
7. Use secondary resources to obtain a first-hand account to an actual event and identify
original research done in a field.
T/F
8. Readers of primary scholarly research should have foundational knowledge of the
subject area.
64
T/F
9. Refrain from including such resources in an annotated bibliography for doctoral level
work unless there is a good reason.
T/F
Fill in the following chart with examples of Primary Sources of Information:
PRIMARY SOURCES
1.-
2.-
3.-
4.-
5.-
6.-
7.-
8.-
9.-
10.-
65
Write one example for each of the following Primary Sources of Information:
Letter: __________________________________________________.
Speech: __________________________________________________.
Interview: ________________________________________________.
Autobiography: ___________________________________________.
Research: _________________________________________________.
Literature: ________________________________________________.
Poetry: ____________________________________________________.
Constitution: ______________________________________________.
Correspondence: __________________________________________.
Write one example for each of the following Secondary Sources of Information:
Dictionary: _______________________________________________.
Almanac: ________________________________________________.
Textbook: _________________________________________________.
Comment: _________________________________________________.
Biography: __________________________________________.
66
Draw a ✓ or an X on the following examples regarding Primary Sources of Information to state if
they are correct of incorrect:
Poem to a loved one: [ ]
The diary of a kid: [ ]
A research on ectoplasm: [ ]
The autobiography of a new born baby: [ ]
Annual review of an article: [ ]
A case study of Speech impediment: [ ]
Photos taken during a riot: [ ]
A Mathematics textbook: [ ]
Referencing books for a research: [ ]
Video evidence of Big Foot: [ ]
67
TEST BLOCK III.
68
II. Complete the missing gaps with words from the box.
9. _________________ texts use a wide variety of structures to convey facts and information as:
titles, headers, subtitles, table of contents, etc.
10. _________________ texts, the author’s aim is to make the reader feel what he experienced
through his/her choice of words, which are vivid, colourful and detailed.
11. __________________ texts show the author’s reasoning and understanding through arguments
and supportive facts.
12. ___________________ texts, include descriptive details to state what happens in the story.
69
Block III . Test´s answer key
1. What is an informational text?
c)It’s a text that displays information.
2. What is a descriptive text?
b)It’s a text that describe a subject or an object.
3. What is a narrative text?
a)It’s a text that tells a story, real or fictional-, that has happened to some characters.
4. What is a persuasive text?
c) It’s a text that tries to convince an opinion through arguments.
5. In what kind of text do we find more action verbs?
a)Narrative text
6. In what type of text do we find more adjectives?
a)Descriptive text
7. In what kind of text do we find a sequence of events?
b)Narrative text
8. In what type of text do we find facts and statistical information?
a)Informational text
9. ____ Informational _____________ texts use a wide variety of structures to convey facts and
information as: titles, headers, subtitles, table of contents, etc.
10. _________ Descriptive ________ texts, the author’s aim is to make the reader feel what he
experienced through his/her choice of words, which are vivid, colourful and detailed.
11. ___________ Persuasive _______ texts show the author’s reasoning and understanding through
arguments and supportive facts.
12. ________ Narrative _________ texts, include descriptive details to state what happens in the
story.
70
Exercises´Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1.1. Complete the chart with information from the previous extract.
Type of text Characteristics Examples of vocabulary or
sentences
Informational 1. Information is clear, 1. Your brain is an amazing
comprehensively and machine.
accurately. 2. Exercising your brain
2. Uses an objective style helps it grow.
and impersonal 3. …if you are already good
expressions. at a particular game or
3. Uses facts, examples, activity, your brain won’t
explanations, analogies create new neural
and sometimes connections.
statistical information, 4. Blueberries and walnuts
quotations and have lots of the right
references as evidence. nutrients to keep your
4. Uses few adjectives, brain working smoothly.
adverbs and images,
except as examples or
analogies in explanation
Activity 2.1 Complete the mind map with the requested information from the previous text.
Type of • Narrative
text
71
Activity 3.1Complete the graphic organizer with the requested information. Provide at least 3 examples.
Type
Characteristics Examples
of
text Language chosen
based on the target Address and general
audience. data of the recipient.
Official
It has an objective
approach. I am writing to recommend
Mr. Kelsey Mills for
Complex structure, consideration in his
following the conventions application for a
of the type of document. scholarship.
Formal language is
used, use of full words, If in case you have
avoid contractions. additional inquiresor
concerns, you mmigh
They are carefully contact me via email.
planned, revised and
reviewed to be as clear
as possible.
Activity 4.1 Complete the graphic organizer with the requested information. Provide at least 3
Type
of Characteristics Examples
text
examples.
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Activity 5.1. Complete the chart with information from the previous extract.
• Information is clear,
comprehensively and
accurately.
• Uses an objective style
and impersonal
Characteristics expressions.
• Uses facts, examples,
explanations, analogies
and sometimes statistical
information, quotations
and references as
evidence.
1. Lava y tritura los tomates
2. Añade el pan en trozos
3 Examples
3. Añade el diente de ajo y la
sal
Mind map.
Activity 6.1 Complete the mind map with the requested information from the previous text.
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Activity 7.1 Complete the graphic organizer with the requested information. Provide at least 3
examples
Type
of Characteristics Examples
text
• Descriptive
Type of text
1. Provides concrete
information.
Characteristics
2. Provides concrete
information.
Activity 8.1 Complete the mind map with the requested information from the previous text.
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REFERENCES
ELECTRÓNICA
University of Maine. Informational texts. Recuperado el 15 de octubre de 2021.
[Link]
award/what-is-informational-text/
Writing Center Highline. Recuperado el 15 de octubre de 2021.
Fuente: [Link]
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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