Electricidad

6to. Estática
Prof. Emeterio Soriano A.
 Charles Coulomb

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (14 de junio de 1736-París, 23 de

agosto de 1806) fue un matemático, físico e ingeniero francés.

Se le recuerda por haber descrito de manera matemática la ley de

atracción entre cargas eléctricas. En su honor, la unidad de carga
eléctrica lleva el nombre de culombio (C).
 Fuerzas electrostáticas

Las cargas eléctricas iguales se repelen.

Las cargas eléctricas diferentes se atraen.

 Ley de COulomb

La ley de Coulomb establece que la fuerza de atracción o repulsión

entre dos cargas eléctricas puntuales es directamente proporcional
al producto de las magnitudes de ambas cargas e inversamente
proporcional al cuadrado de la distancia que las separa.
Ley de Coulomb
F= Fuerza (N)
k=Constante Coulomb (9x109 Nm2/C2)
q= Carga eléctrica (C)
r= Distancia entre cargas (m)
 Equivalencias de unidades
Subunidad Símbolo Valor numérico Equivalencia

Coulomb C 1 1C=1C

Milicoulomb mC 0.001 1 mC = 10-3 C

Microcoulomb µC 0.000001 1 µC = 10-6 C

Nanocoulomb nC 0.000000001 1 nC = 10-9 C

Picocoulomb pC 0.000000000001 1 pC = 10-12 C

 Ejemplos:
1. Dos cargas puntuales de 4 µC y -6 µC están separadas por una
distancia de 12 cm en el aire. ¿Cuál es la fuerza eléctrica entre ellas?
2. Dos cargas eléctricas de 2 µC y 4 µC se atraen con una fuerza de 2.4 N.
¿Cuál es la distancia que las separa?
3. Dos cargas puntuales idénticas se repelen con una fuerza de 0.2 N
cuando se encuentran a una distancia de 1 metro entre sí. ¿Cuál es el
valor de cada carga?
 Campo Eléctrico

Un campo eléctrico es una región del espacio en la que una carga

eléctrica experimenta una fuerza eléctrica. Es decir, el campo eléctrico
es una magnitud vectorial que indica la fuerza que actúa sobre una
carga eléctrica en un punto determinado del espacio.
Donde:
- E es la intensidad del campo eléctrico en N/C (newton por coulomb).
- k es la constante de Coulomb, cuyo valor es 9x109 Nm2/C2.
- q es la carga puntual que genera el campo eléctrico, medida en C (coulomb).
- r es la distancia entre la carga puntual, medida en m (metro).
 Ecuaciones importantes:
Fuerza eléctrica (F) = carga eléctrica (q) x campo eléctrico (E)

Campo eléctrico (E) = fuerza eléctrica (F) / carga eléctrica (q)

constante eléctrica (k) x carga eléctrica (q) / distancia al

Campo eléctrico (E) = cuadrado (r2)
Ecuaciones importantes:
Fuerza eléctrica (F) = qE

Campo eléctrico (E) = F/q

Campo eléctrico (E) = kq/r2

 Ejemplos:
1. Una carga de -3 μC experimenta una fuerza eléctrica de 12 N en un
campo eléctrico. ¿Cuál es la dirección y sentido del campo eléctrico?
2. ¿Cuál es el campo eléctrico en un punto a 5 cm de una carga de 3 µC
en el vacío?
3. ¿A qué distancia de una carga puntual de 2 µC se encuentra un punto
en el que la intensidad del campo eléctrico es de 5x103 N/C?
 Problemas:
● ¿Cuál es la fuerza eléctrica que experimenta una carga
de 4 μC en un campo eléctrico de 200 N/C?
● Una carga de 8 μC experimenta una fuerza eléctrica de
0.04 N en un campo eléctrico. ¿Cuál es el valor del
campo eléctrico?
● Calcular la intensidad del campo eléctrico en un punto
situado a 3 cm de una carga puntual de 10 µC.
 Problemas:
● ¿Qué carga puntual genera un campo eléctrico de 7x103 N/C
a una distancia de 5 cm?
● ¿A qué distancia de una carga puntual de 2.5 µC se
encuentra un punto en el que la intensidad del campo
eléctrico es de 4x103 N/C?
Líneas de Fuerzas
Corriente Eléctrica

El poder entender y manipular la corriente eléctrica ha

llevado a la humanidad a una etapa de rápido avance y
descubrimiento en diversas áreas, como la tecnología,
la medicina, la comunicación y la industria.
La Electricidad
La electricidad es una forma de energía
fundamental que se produce por el movimiento de
electrones y que se puede transformar en otras
formas de energía útiles para la vida cotidiana.

El conocimiento de los principios básicos de la

electricidad es fundamental para comprender su
funcionamiento y su aplicación en la sociedad
actual.
 Conceptos importantes:
● La corriente eléctrica es el flujo de cargas eléctricas a
través de un conductor y se mide en amperios (A).
● El voltaje se define como la diferencia de potencial
eléctrico entre dos puntos en un circuito eléctrico. Es una
medida de la fuerza que impulsa la corriente eléctrica a
través de un conductor. Se mide en voltios (V).
● La resistencia eléctrica es la oposición que ofrece un
material al paso de la corriente eléctrica. Se mide en
Ohmios (Ω).
 La Ley de Ohm
La Ley de Ohm establece que la corriente
eléctrica es directamente proporcional al
voltaje e inversamente proporcional a la
resistencia: I = V/R.
La potencia eléctrica es la cantidad de energía eléctrica que se
transforma en un circuito y se calcula como el producto de la corriente
eléctrica y el voltaje: P = I * V.
La fuerza electromotriz (f.e.m.) es la energía que se aporta a un
circuito para mantener la corriente eléctrica y se mide en voltios (V).
Concepto de Circuito
Un circuito es un conjunto de elementos eléctricos
interconectados entre sí que permiten el flujo de
corriente eléctrica. Los circuitos se clasifican en dos
grandes categorías:
● Circuitos serie.
● Circuitos paralelo.
Circuito en Serie
Circuitos serie: en los que los elementos están
conectados uno después del otro, de forma que la
corriente que fluye por un elemento también fluye por
el siguiente. La corriente es constante en todo el
circuito y la resistencia total es la suma de las
resistencias de cada elemento.
● Resistencia total: Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... + Rn
● Corriente total: It = I1 = I2 = I3 = ... = In
● Voltaje total: Vt = V1 + V2 + V3 + ... + Vn
Circuito en Paralelo
Circuitos paralelo: en los que los elementos están
conectados de forma que la corriente se divide entre ellos
y luego se vuelven a unir. La tensión (voltaje) es constante
en todo el circuito y la resistencia total es menor que la
resistencia del elemento de menor resistencia.
● Resistencia total: 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... + 1/Rn
● Corriente total: It = I1 + I2 + I3 + ... + In
● Voltaje total: Vt = V1 = V2 = V3 = ... = Vn
Circuito Mixto
Circuitos mixtos (combinación de circuitos en serie y en
paralelo):
● Para calcular la resistencia total, se deben aplicar las fórmulas
de resistencia en serie y en paralelo según corresponda.
● Para calcular la corriente total, se puede utilizar la ley de Ohm
y las fórmulas de corriente en serie y en paralelo según
corresponda.
● Para calcular el voltaje total, se puede utilizar la ley de Ohm y
las fórmulas de voltaje en serie y en paralelo según
corresponda.
Aplicaciones de los circuitos eléctricos
Los circuitos eléctricos tienen numerosas aplicaciones en la vida
diaria, desde la iluminación y el funcionamiento de electrodomésticos,
hasta la electrónica y las comunicaciones. También se utilizan en
sistemas de carga y almacenamiento de energía, como las baterías.
 Fórmulas útiles
Magnitud Fórmula Unidad en el SI
Ley de Coulomb F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2 Newton (N)

Campo eléctrico E=F/q Newton por Culombio (N/C)

Ley de Ohm V=I*R Voltio (V)

Potencia eléctrica P=V*I Vatio (W)

Resistencia eléctrica en serie Req = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn Ohmio (Ω)

Resistencia eléctrica en paralelo 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn Ohmio (Ω)

Ley de Kirchhoff ΣI=0yΣV=0 Amperio (A) y Voltio (V)

Ejemplos
 Table of contents
Scientific method Nature of motion
01 You can describe the topic of 02 You can describe the topic of
the section here the section here

Laws of motion Motion of fluids

03 You can describe the topic of 04 You can describe the topic of
the section here the section here
 Table of contents

01 02 03 04
Movement Forces at a Changes in It’s time to
and forces distance energy practice
You can describe You can describe You can describe You can describe
the topic of the the topic of the the topic of the the topic of the
section here section here section here section here
01
Scientific method
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Contact forces

Applied force Spring force Normal force Drag force

Despite being red, Jupiter is the Earth is the only Neptune is the
Mars is actually a biggest planet in planet known to fourth-largest planet
very cold place the Solar System harbor life in the Solar System
 Four fundamental interactions
Gravity Electromagnetic
Despite being red, Mars is Neptune is the farthest
actually a very cold place planet from the Sun

Weak nuclear Strong nuclear

Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and
in the Solar System has several rings
Four fundamental forces
Gravity Weak Interaction
Despite being red, Neptune is the
Mars is actually a farthest planet
very cold place from the Sun

Electromagnetism Strong Interaction

Jupiter is the Saturn is a gas
biggest planet in giant and has
the Solar System several rings
 Albert Einstein
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear? Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t

miss the point of your presentation
What is Physics?
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear? Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience

won’t miss the point of your presentation
 Did you know this?
Mars is actually a
Kinematic very cold place

The Earth is the

Dinamic planet we live on

Jupiter is the
Mechanic biggest planet
 Non-contact forces

Gravitational forces

Despite being red, Mars is

actually a very cold place
Electric forces

Neptune is the farthest

planet from the Sun
Magnetic forces

Jupiter is the biggest planet

in the Solar System
 Wave properties
Crest
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Trough
Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar System

Amplitude Wavelength
Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars is
planet from the Sun actually a very cold place
 Types of motion

Rectilineal Curvilinear

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful

planet to the Sun, a bit name and is the second
larger than the Sun and planet from the Sun. It’s
the smallest one terribly hot
 Two types of forces

Balanced Unbalanced
Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name
to the Sun and it was named and is the second planet from
after a Roman god the Sun. It’s terribly hot
WHOOA
This can be the part of the presentation where you can introduce yourself
Whoa!
This can be the part of the presentation where you
introduce yourself, write your email…
 02
Nature of motion
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Population willing to save energy

73% 69% 63%

South Korea China Malaysia
Mars is actually a Mercury is the Saturn is a gas giant
very cold place smallest planet and has rings
Most nuclear consuming countries
Mars is actually a
25% France very cold place

Mercury is a very
50% China small planet

Saturn is a gas
75% United States giant and has rings
 Types of energy
Energy

Kinetic Potential

Radiant

Electrical Chemical

Sound Nuclear

Thermal Gravitational

Mechanical Elastic
 Features of motion
Trajectory Position Speed
Mars is actually a very Venus is the second The Earth is the planet
cold place planet from the Sun we live on

Acceleration Force Energy

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
planet of them all and has rings planet from the Sun
 Scientific method
Mars is actually a Jupiter doesn’t have
Question very cold place Experiment a solid surface

Venus is the second Saturn is a gas giant

Observation planet from the Sun Analysis with several rings

Mercury is a very Neptune is far away

Hypothesis small planet Conclusion from all of us
 Frictional force
Pushing force
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all

Motion
Earth is also known as
the blue planet
Force of friction
Despite being red, Mars
is very cold
16,830,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Higher energy consumption
Mercury is the
Mercury smallest planet

Mars is a planet
Mars full of iron oxide

Is a gas giant and

Saturn has several rings

Has a really
Venus beautiful name
Nuclear power plants in Europe

Mercury is a very
37 Russia small planet

Saturn is a gas
15 Ukraine giant with rings

Jupiter is a very
56 France big planet
Consumption by country

2019
2020
Follow the link in the
graph to modify its data
and then paste the new
one here. For more info,
click here
 Nuclear energy by countries
Number of
reactors
Mars is actually a
very cold place

Total electrical
capacity (MW)
Jupiter doesn’t have
a solid surface

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 The law of energy conservation

Kinetic energy Potential energy Chemical energy

Jupiter doesn’t have a Venus has extremely Earth is also known as
solid surface high temperatures the blue planet

Thermal energy Electrical energy

Mars is actually a very Saturn is not the only
cold place planet with rings
 This is a timeline
2018 Jupiter is the biggest 2020
planet in our entire
Solar System

Mercury is the Venus has a beautiful

smallest planet in name, but it’s
our Solar System terribly hot
2019
Timeline of some physics discoveries

1514 1687 1916 1970

Copernicus Newton Einstein Hawking

Mercury is the Despite being red, Neptune is the Earth is the blue
smallest planet in Mars is actually a fourth-largest planet planet where we all
our Solar System cold place in the Solar System live on
 333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

9h 37m 23s
Is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
Is the distance between the Earth and the Moon
03
Laws of motion
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Newton's laws

Force and
Inertia Reaction
acceleration
Mars is actually a The Earth is the Jupiter is the biggest
very cold place planet we live on planet of them all
 Inertia
You can give a brief description of the topic you
want to talk about here. If you want to talk
about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest
planet in the Solar System

Insert your multimedia content here

A picture is worth a
thousand words
A picture is worth a thousand words
 04
Motion of fluids
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Principles
Mars is actually a
Pascal very cold place

The Earth is the

Archimedes planet we live on

Jupiter is the
Bernoulli biggest planet
Awesome
words
Awesome
words
 Exercise

Mercury is the Mars is actually a

smallest planet very cold place

01 03

Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen 02 04 Neptune is very far
from the Sun
Magnets of different shapes
Bar magnet Disc magnet
Earth is the only planet Venus has a beautiful name,
known to harbor life but also high temperatures

Ring magnet Horseshoe magnet

Jupiter is the biggest Despite being red, Mars is
planet in the Solar System actually a cold place
 Teachers

John Do Susanne Kroh Ann Smith

 Physics schedule
Mon Tue Wen Thu Fri
9 to 10
a.m. Theory
10 to 11
a.m. Practice
11 to 12
a.m. Practice
1 to 2
p.m Theory
Experiment schedule
Steps Jan Mar May Jul Sept Nov
Question

Observation

Hypothesis

Experiment

Analysis

Conclusion
 Organization chart

1st topic

Theory Practice

Project 1 Project 2 Project 1 Project 2

 A picture
always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of
data, so remember: use an image
instead of a long text
A picture always Images reveal
large amounts
of data, so
reinforces the remember: use
an image
instead of a
concept long text
 04
It’s time to
practice
You can enter a subtitle here if
Menu
you need it
 Types of energy
Identify the form of energy
show in each picture

Light energy
Heat energy Write here
Mechanical energy

Heat energy

Electrical energy Write here Write here

 Forms of energy
Draw a line to connect each type of
energy with its definition

Light energy Energy due to an object’s motion

Chemical energy Energy you can see

Energy stored in the particles

Kinetic energy that make up matter
 Think and answer
Write here

Why is gravity
considered the
weakest force?
 Thanks
Do you have any questions?
youremail@[Link]
+91 620 421 838
[Link]

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by

Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution

Physics icon pack
Icon pack
 Alternative Resources
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template
 Alternative resources
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose
style fits the one of this template:

Vectors
● Retro science education background
● Hand-drawn colorful science education background
● Colorful science education background
● Vintage science education background
● Hand drawn science education background
 Alternative resources
Mercury Experiment: Check list

Steps Done

Question Yes

Hypothesis Observation Yes

Venus Mars
here Hypothesis In progress

Experiment No

Analysis No
Jupiter Conclusion No
 Alternative resources
Venus Mars
Venus has a
beautiful name
80% Mars is
actually a very
50%
cold place
01
Venus Mars Venus
Mars is
Venus has a Venus has a
actually a very
beautiful name beautiful name
cold place
 Resources in this presentation
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites

Photos ● Female teacher desk

● Crop hand man chalking graph blackboard
● Flat lay school supplies assortment
Two friends doing science experiments
●
● Smiley girls doing science experiments Vectors
● Serious teacher in glasses standing at ● Hand drawn colorful science education
blackboard hand on hand background
● Happy teacher sitting her desk ● Realistic math chalkboard background
● Girls doing science experiments
● Frontview young girl scientist using
magnifying glass Icons
● Icon Pack: Physics | Lineal
 Resources
Did you like the resources on this template? Vectors
Get them for free at our other websites
● Cartoon math elements background
● Hand drawn national science day
Photos elements collection
● Girls with protective glasses doing ● Chemistry
science experiments ● Hand drawn science background
● Kids learning physics and chemistry ● Hand drawn science instagram posts
● Woman teaching kids an electrical ● People character collection
devices functionalities ● Map of europe with colors in flat style
● Spotlight in dark room
● Socket on grass Icons
● Professional cyclist woman
● Icon pack: Physics | Lineal color
● Close-up friends warming at fire camp
 Instructions for use
In order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide.

You are allowed to:

- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.

You are not allowed to:

- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
[Link] and [Link]
 Instructions for use (premium users)
As a Premium user, you can use this template without attributing Slidesgo or keeping the "Thanks" slide.

You are allowed to:

● Modify this template.
● Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
● Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits.
● Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team.

You are not allowed to:

● Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template).
● Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
● Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
● Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
[Link] and [Link]
 Fonts & colors used
This presentation has been made using the following fonts:

Gochi Hand
([Link]

Anaheim
([Link]

#faf8ec #ffcd53 #bfdefe #b59ece #eebd9e #d77955 #8dbcfb #eb709a

 Storyset
Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out how it works.

Pana Amico Bro Rafiki

 Use our editable graphic resources...
You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done.
 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

PHASE 1

Task 1

Task 2

PHASE 2

Task 1

Task 2

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

PHASE 1

Task 1

Task 2
 ...and our sets of editable icons
You can resize these icons without losing quality.
You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
Educational Icons Medical Icons
Business Icons Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons