Control de Lectura 1 ¿Qué Son Las Finanzas Internacionales?
Cargado por
Javier RoseteTemas abordados
- flujos de efectivo,
- tendencias económicas,
- mercados financieros,
- cadenas de suministro,
- deflación,
- competitividad,
- instituciones financieras,
- acuerdo GATT,
- monopolios,
- mercados emergentes
Control de Lectura 1 ¿Qué Son Las Finanzas Internacionales?
Cargado por
Javier RoseteTemas abordados
- flujos de efectivo,
- tendencias económicas,
- mercados financieros,
- cadenas de suministro,
- deflación,
- competitividad,
- instituciones financieras,
- acuerdo GATT,
- monopolios,
- mercados emergentes
Common questions
Con tecnología de IAExcessive capacity and deflation can erode consumer purchasing power, leading to liquidity traps and crises of overproduction . Policymakers might address these issues through coordinated macroeconomic policies across countries to stimulate demand and balance capacity. Meetings like those of the G8 aim to achieve such coordination, albeit with limited success . Strategic fiscal policies can also be used to maintain economic stability .
Criticisms of financial globalization include excessive price volatility and contagion effects, where crises in one country affect others due to speculative capital flows . Proposed solutions include developing robust financial markets, better risk management strategies, and creating economic policies that enhance confidence, such as maintaining sufficient reserves . Additionally, fostering a strong political and financial infrastructure can protect against contagion .
The 1982 debt crisis highlighted the failures of populist and statist policies in Mexico, prompting a shift towards economic reforms aimed at stabilizing and modernizing the economy. Key reforms included opening up markets, reducing state control over the economy, and fostering a market-driven environment as part of Mexico's entry into GATT in 1986 . These measures were essential for integrating Mexico into the global economy and enhancing its competitiveness .
The term 'neoliberalism' became associated with economic reform following its opposition by those negatively affected by market liberalization, particularly in Latin America. It labels reforms like privatization, deregulation, and market openness . This reveals ideological conflicts between groups benefiting from reform, such as those advocating for efficiency and competitiveness, and those seeking to preserve populist systems that are seen as offering short-term social benefits despite long-term economic drawbacks .
Globalization impacts economic variables by increasing the interdependence of international markets. Exchange rates and interest rates are influenced by global monetary policies. For instance, restrictive monetary policies in major economies like the U.S. can lead to higher global interest rates, affecting borrowing costs worldwide . Similarly, a currency appreciation in one country can affect exports and imports, altering competitive dynamics in international markets .
The financial market has expanded rapidly, with international transactions now exceeding the value of global trade in goods and services by over 50 times, driven by speculative activities and risk hedging more than actual trade . Concerns associated with this growth include a potential disconnect between financial activities and the real economy, leading to instability and economic bubbles that do not reflect underlying economic conditions .
Globalization often widens inequality by creating winners and losers in the global economy, with some benefiting more from economic integration than others . To address these disparities, strategies such as accelerating economic growth and investing in human capital development are essential. Redirecting a portion of economic gains to assist disadvantaged groups can help reduce poverty and bridge the inequality gap .
International collaboration plays a critical role in reducing regional conflicts by promoting joint economic interests and mutual benefits, as exhibited by the European Union's success in fostering peace and cooperation among its member states . The EU serves as an example of how aligning national interests can reduce competition over limited resources and markets, contributing to conflict resolution . If similar frameworks were adopted globally, they could mitigate international tensions fueled by globalization .
International finance primarily focuses on cash flows across national borders and the valuation of assets in different countries and currencies . This impacts global business operations by requiring companies to manage foreign exchange risks, which can affect the cost of inputs and the competitiveness in foreign markets . Financial executives in multinational companies must use financial management strategies to navigate these complexities in a globalized economy .
Countries can protect themselves from global financial contagion by increasing foreign reserves and implementing prudent fiscal policies to bolster economic confidence, as demonstrated by Mexico between 2006-2012. During this period, Mexico was able to withstand the global financial crisis due to its economic 'blinder,' which included robust reserves and conservative fiscal strategies . Strengthened financial supervision and a stable political system further enhance this protective stance .
