Guia de Diseño Tanques Atmosferico - Inelectra
Guia de Diseño Tanques Atmosferico - Inelectra
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Indice
Página
1. INTRODUCCION..................................................................................................... 3
2. PROCEDIMIENTO DE USO DE LA GUIA DE DISEÑO...................................... 4
3. DOCUMENTOS Y DIBUJOS PARA EL DISEÑO DE TANQUES ....................... 5
3.1. Hojas de Datos........................................................................................................... 6
3.2. Guía de Cálculo ......................................................................................................... 7
3.2.1. Guía de Referencia Rápida ........................................................................................ 8
3.2.2. Ejemplo de Cálculo de Tanques ................................................................................ 8
3.2.3. Procedimiento de Elaboración de Cálculo Mecánicos .............................................. 8
3.3. Dibujos Normalizados ............................................................................................... 9
3.4. Lista de Normas Aplicables al Diseño y Construcción de Tanques de
Almacenamiento...................................................................................................... 10
3.4.1. Normas de Empresas ............................................................................................... 10
3.4.2. Normas Internacionales ........................................................................................... 10
3.5. Bibliografía Recomendada ...................................................................................... 11
3.5.1. L.E. BROWNELL/E.H. YOUNG “PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN”.............. 11
4. DOCUMENTOS PARA LA COMPRA DE EQUIPOS ......................................... 12
4.1. Especificaciones Típicas.......................................................................................... 12
4.1.1. Especificación General en Español ......................................................................... 12
4.1.2. Especificación General en Inglés ............................................................................ 51
4.2. Requisiciones Técnicas............................................................................................ 88
4.2.1. Requisición en Español ........................................................................................... 89
4.2.2. Requisición en Inglés............................................................................................... 90
4.3. Evaluaciones Técnicas............................................................................................. 93
4.3.1. Formato de evaluación Técnica ............................................................................... 93
4.3.2. Instructivo para Elaboración de Informes de Evaluación de Ofertas ...................... 94
4.3.3. Instructivo de Evaluación Técnica de Ofertas ......................................................... 95
5. ASEGURAMIENTO DE CALIDAD ..................................................................... 96
5.1. Lista de Verificación ............................................................................................... 97
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1. INTRODUCCION
La presente guía puede ser utilizada tanto para realizar el diseño detallado de un
tanque de almacenamiento como para requerir y revisar el diseño detallado realizado
por una empresa fabricante de tanques.
El material de la guía está organizado de manera práctica para que un usuario con
conocimientos básicos en equipos, pueda diseñar y resolver problemas específicos
sobre tanques de almacenamiento. En caso de requerirse una mayor profundización
en algún punto en particular, la bibliografía recomendada será de gran utilidad para
el usuario.
Finalmente, es importante destacar que la presente guía forma parte del Sistema de
Calidad de Inelectra, tal como se indica en el párrafo 4.2.3 del Manual de Calidad,
siendo considerada como un documento perteneciente al Grupo 3.
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3.4.2.2 AWWA
3.4.2.2 ANSI/ASME
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Indice
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1. GENERALIDADES 19
1.1. Objeto 19
1.2. Códigos, Normas y Especificaciones 19
1.2.1. Estándares Norteamericanos 19
1.2.2. Especificaciones Aplicables 21
1.2.3. Prioridades 21
1.3. Alcance 21
1.4. Características de los Tanques 21
1.5. Productos y Caudales 22
1.6. Protección contra Corrosión 23
1.6.1 Espesor Adicional 23
1.6.2 Pintura y Recubrimiento 23
1.6.3 Puntos de Prueba para Medición de Potenciales 31
1.7 Inspección 35
1.8 Alcance de LA OBRA, Aportes y Suministros 35
1.8.1 Trabajo 35
1.8.2 Servicios para el Montaje y Pruebas 36
1.8.3 Equipos y Accesorios para los Tanques 36
1.9 Información Complementaria 37
1.10 Documentación 38
2. MATERIALES 38
3. DISEÑO 41
3.1. Generalidades 41
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4. MONTAJE 46
5. SOLDADURA 47
7. PRUEBAS 50
8. CALIBRACION 52
9. DEFECTOS 52
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1.0 GENERALIDADES
1.1 Objeto
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ANSI Standard A12.1 Safety Requirements for Floor and Wall Openings,
Railings and Toe Boards.
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a) Estas especificaciones
1.2.3 Prioridades
Los tanques mencionados, incluyendo los que se emplearán para agua serán
diseñados, construidos, montados y probados fundamentalmente de acuerdo al API-
STD-650, si bien debe considerarse que la presente especificación tiene prioridad
sobre dicho API-STD-650. Cualquier duda surgida de la interpretación de los
estándares y normas mencionados en la Sección 1.2 o por discrepancias entre ellas
deberá ser expuesta a: __________________________ No se aceptará variación
alguna de los estándares, de los códigos, ni de la presente especificación salvo previa
aprobación por escrito de ___________________ S.A.
1.3 Alcance
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a
l
t
a
:
Gasolina media 0,729 40.6 °C (1) 58.6 (8.5)
Diesel: 0,852 192. °C 76.7 0,0
Jet A-1 0,808 167.2 °C 43.3 0,0
Reserva: 0,852 37.8 °C (1) 58.6 (8,5)
Contaminado: 0,852 37.8 °C (1) 58.6 (8,5)
Agua: 1,000
(*) Supuesto
(1) Muy bajo
(2) Mínimo
(3) Supuesto para dimensionado de tuberías y bombas
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( M3
P Hr GPM M3/Hr GPM
r
o
d
u
c
t
o
)
Gasolina Alta 57 251 170.3 750
Gasolina Media 57 251 170.3 750
Diesel 50.9 224 170.3 750
Jet A-1 50.9 224 170.3 750
Reserva 57 251 170.3 750
Contaminado 72.7 320 42 185
Agua Potable 68.1 30 31.3 138
Agua Incendio/Riego 10.22 45 9.54 4200
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En todos los tanques, tanto para hidrocarburos como para agua se suministrará un
espesor de 1/16” únicamente en la pared y en el fondo. Los perfiles estructurales de
las columnas que soportan los techos cónicos deberán tener mínimo 1/16 de espesor
adicional en los tanques de hidrocarburos y en los tanques para agua.
1.6.2.1 Generalidades
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- A toda superficie a ser pintada, le será aplicada una pintura base (primer)
o de fondo y sobre ésta una pintura de acabado.
j. Todo trabajo de pintura está sujeto a inspección, con el fin de que su ejecución
se haga de acuerdo con las especificaciones.
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b. La arena usada como abrasivo debe estar limpia y libre de todo material
desmenuzable, no debe ser de origen marino y el tamaño de sus granos debe
estar comprendido entre los cedazos 16 y 35 de la serie americana (U.S. Sieve
series). Un análisis de la arena (Sieve Analysis) debe ser presentado antes de
iniciar el trabajo como constancia de la calidad del material a utilizar.
La superficie a ser preparada por chorro de arena deberá tener una profundidad
de anclaje (“anchor pattern”) de 1.5 a 2.0 mils para asegurar una buena
adhesión de la pintura.
El compresor utilizado para este proceso deberá contar con los filtros
adecuados para evitar contaminación de la arena por humedad y aceite.
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Toda superficie de acero que no pueda ser limpiada con chorro de arena, podrá
ser limpiada con herramientas manuales según SSPC-SP2 Y SP3 previa
aprobación de _______________________
a. La superficie a pintar debe haber sido limpiada con chorro de arena hasta metal
blanco según especificación SSPC-SP5.
b. La superficie debe estar libre de grasas, aceite, polvo, escoria de soldadura, etc.
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h. Debe preocuparse sólo la pintura que se usará en el día. En caso de que sea
necesario guardar la pintura preparada para el día siguiente, se hará en
recipiente cerrado y en lugar fresco, mezclándola y pasándola por cedazo antes
de usarla.
El compresor deberá tener un filtro de aire adecuado para evitar que partículas
extrañas contaminen el material a ser utilizado.
k. La superficie pintada con este fondo deberá ser aprobada por CORPOVEN o su
representante antes de iniciar el acabado final de pintura.
a. La superficie a pintar debe haber sido limpiada con chorro de arena hasta metal
blanco. (SSPC-SP5).
d. La pintura debe ser aplicada con pistola (sólo cuando se pinten áreas pequeñas
puede usarse brocha). La pistola debe ser tipo airless. Puede ser un equipo
DeVilbiss Modelo QMA-509 o similar, con relación de bomba 48:1, pistola
JGA-5026, boquilla JAC-39 (0.015, 45 ó 65) con manguera de 3/8” ó ¼” de
diámetro interno.
e. Las capas de pintura deben ser aplicadas con intervalos no menores de 12 horas
ni mayores de 24 horas.
g. La pintura una vez terminada, debe tener un espesor entre 16 y 24 mils y debe
ser probada con un detector de fallas (Low voltage wet sponge Holiday
Detector) de 75 voltios máximo.
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Posteriormente se pintarán hasta 1,5 m por debajo del nivel del techo con una
pintura a base de zinc inorgánico, con espesor de película seca de 2.5 mils.
b. Techo: La parte inferior del techo flotante se limpiará con chorro de arena a
metal blanco según SSPC-SP5 y posteriormente se aplicará una capa de Rust-
Ban 191 ó similar. La capa aplicada cuando seca no será menor de 3 mils,
debiendo estar preferiblemente entre 3 y 5 mils.
a. Fondo: El fondo de los tanques para Jet A-1 se protegerá en forma igual a la
que se indica en el aparte 1.6.2.7.
b. Techo: La parte inferior del techo y sus soportes se limpiarán con chorro de
arena a metal blanco según especificaciones.
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c. Cuerpo Cilíndrico: Toda la parte del tanque se limpiará con chorro de arena a
metal blanco según SSPC-SP5 y luego se pintará con Rust Ban 191 ó Sherwin
Williams Zinc Inorgánico B50AV602, según las instrucciones generales de la
sección 1.6.2.4 y las recomendaciones del fabricante.
d. La aplicación de las única mano o capa de Rust Ban 191 o similar se hará con
pistola tipo DeVilbiss, para lograr un espesor seco de 3 mils después de un
tiempo de secado de 12 horas. (Preferiblemente entre 3 y 5 mils).
a. Superficies Interiores
Todas las superficies interiores se limpiarán con chorro de arena a metal blanco
según especificación SSPC-SP-5.
b. Superficies Exteriores
a. Superficies Interiores.
Todas las superficies interiores se limpiarán con chorro de arena a metal blanco
según especificación SSPC-SP-5; inmediatamente se aplicará con pistola De
Vilbiss una primera capa de Humble Rust-Ban 191 o similar, color rosado; el
secado se cumplirá al cambiar de color. El espesor seco deberá ser de 3 a 5
mils.
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La segunda capa será de pintura Epomón fondo Minio Rojo 288-350 0 similar,
aplicándose con pistola o brocha y obteniéndose un espesor seco de 1,5 mils a
las 24 de secado.
b. Superficie Exteriores.
Las superficies exteriores de todos los tanques de almacenaje se limpiarán con chorro
de arena a grado comercial según la norma SSPC-SP6.
De inmediato se aplicará una capa de fondo de zinc inorgánico tipo Carbo-Zinc 11,
Rust Ban 191, Sherwin Williams Zinc Inorgánico B50A602 o similares con un
espesor mínimo de 3 mils y preferiblemente entre 3 y 5 mils.
La segunda capa será de pintura High Build Expoxi Caboline 190, Sherwin Williams
Esmalte Expoxi Poliamida B722WV1 o similares, color blanco o aluminio, a opción
de_____, con un espesor mínimo seco de 222,5 mils. En cualquier caso las pinturas
deben ser compatibles y del mismo fabricante.
1.6.3.1 Generalidades
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06-TK-01 30 D/2 - -
06-TK-02 30 D/2 - -
06-TK-03 70 D/2-D/4 20 B
06-TK-04 70 D/2-D/4 20 B
06-TK-05 70 D/2-D/4 20 B
06-TK-06 70 D/2-D/4 20 B
06-TK-07 70 D/2-D/4 20 B
06-TK-08 38 D/2 20 N
06-TK-09 38 D/2 20 N
06-TK-10 25 D/2 - -
06-TK-11 80 D/2-D/4 - B
06-TK-12 40 D/2 20 N
N= Negro
B= Blanco
Nota: Los valores de esta Tabla están sujetos a modificación según estudios a
realizar.
A. Material
1 Núcleo: Alambre galvanizado de diámetro normal: 010”
2 Celda: Zinc puro (99,99%)
3. Cable: TTU N° 8 AWG (colores blanco y negro)
B. Dimensiones
1. Selección: Forma de Rombo
- Eje mayor: 0/16” (14,28 MM).
- Eje menor: ½” (12,70 MM).
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C. Preparación
Yeso: 70%
Bentonita: 20%
4. Las celdas se instalarán en la posición D/” del fondo del tanque y usarán
cables de color negro. En caso de que requiera instalar celdas en la posición
D/4, se usará cables color blanco.
D. Ubicación de las celdas, longitud y color del cable (ver detalles anexos).
FIG.1_2_3.pdf
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1.7 Inspección
__________ podrá tener por su cuenta y de manera continua un Inspector en el Taller
de fabricación de los tanques y en el sitio de Instalación, cuando lo considere
conveniente.
Siempre que se requiera repetir los trabajos, repetir las pruebas, cambiar materiales o
cualquier otra actividad, por fallas de El CONTRATISTA o trabajos de mala calidad
detectados de las Inspección, todos los costos generados serán por cuenta de El
CONTRATISTA.
En la Sección 6.0 descrita más adelante se expondrá con más detalle lo relativo a
Inspección.
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1.8.1 Trabajo
Tanques Verticales
F= Flotante; C= Cónico
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b) Las bridas ciegas y tapas temporales para todas las toberas y conexiones.
c) Todas las aberturas de visita con tapas, los techos flotantes con sus soportes y
cintas, las escaleras rodantes, las escaleras fijas, las plataformas y barandas y
cualquier otra estructura externa e interna normal en los tanques.
f) Toma bridada para detección del nivel de agua en el fondo del tanque.
g) Toma bridada para detección de nivel extra-alto tipo flotador en los tanques de
techo fijo e interruptor de posición en los tanques de techo flotante.
i) Las escotilla y las tapas para la medición con cinta, incluyendo la guía para el
Sistema de Medición (Varec o similar).
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f) Las boquillas de rociado para agua de enfriamiento que serán suministrados por
__________.
1.9.1 El CONTRATISTA suministrará los sellos para los tanques de techo flotante, de
acuerdo a las especificaciones, una vez aprobadas por ____________.
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Presión:
Atmosférica
Zona sísmica: 0
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1.10 Documentación
b) Copia de los cálculos efectuados para los techos flotantes demostrando que son
capaces de flotar en las condiciones requeridas y que tienen resistencia suficiente
según API-650.
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2.0 MATERIALES
2.1 Se prefiere el acero al carbono ASTM A-36, fabricado según ASTM A-6, como
material para las planchas de los tanques, pero podrán emplearse material diferente a
éste y de los especificados en el API-650 siempre que tengan propiedades dentro de
los límites establecidos en dicho estándar y cuando su empleo aporte beneficios
económicos o mejoras tecnológicas. Para su empleo se solicitará por escrito la
aprobación de ___________ incluyendo las razones para la selección del material.
No se permite el empleo de materiales con resistencia a la tracción máxima mayor de
689 Mpa (100 000 psi).
2.3 Los empaques y otros materiales no metálicos deben ser aptos para derivados del
petróleo con un contenido aromático máximo de 75%. Los materiales de empaques
tendrán una resistencia a la llama (Flame Spread Rating) de no más de acuerdo al
ASTM E-162.
2.4 Los pernos y turcas serán hexagonales y para servicio pesado (Heavy Duty) de
acuerdo al ASTM A-307 grado B. Las roscas serán conforme al estándar ANSI B1.1
rosca ordinaria 2A y 2B.
2.5 El acero para las láminas, preferiblemente el A-36, requerido para los tanques deberá
cumplir con las siguientes condiciones:
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El fabricante de las láminas para los tanques será responsable de realizar ensayos
suplementarios que se indican a continuación:
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3. DISEÑO
3.1 Generalidades
El espesor mínimo requerido para las láminas de acero al carbono A-336, deberá ser
calculado de acuerdo con los requerimientos del API-650. En ningún caso el espesor
mínimo de las láminas, incluyendo 1/16” de espesor de corrosión será inferior a:
Fondo: 5/16”
Cuerpo Cilíndrico:
50 1/4
50 a 120 incl. 5/16
120 a 200 inc. 3/8
3.1.2 El mínimo nivel de líquido en los tanques estará a 2,0 pies por encima del eje de la
tobera de mayor diámetro.
3.2.1 Los fondos de los tanques serán convexos (conicidad hacia arriba) con una pendiente
mínima de 1” en 10 pies hacia el centro del fondo; excepción que se hará en los
tanques de Jet A-1 que tendrán conicidad hacia abajo con pendiente de 1” en 2.5
pies.
3.2.2 Las fundaciones de los tanques serán diseñadas para un asentamiento máximo de la
pared no mayor de 15.2 cm. en 40 años incluyendo la prueba hidrostática y para un
asentamiento diferencial no mayor de 25 mm. En 9 metros en las condiciones
mencionadas. Se considerará que el volteo (tilt) no es mayor de 152 mm. Alrededor
de la circunferencia.
3.2.3 Se diseñarán aros circulares de soporte (annular plates) para soportar el cuerpo
cilíndrico.
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b) Los aros de soporte deben extenderse al menos dos (2) pulgadas fuera de la
pared del tanque.
3.2.4 Las láminas del fondo tendrán 96” ó 72” de ancho y las del borde del fondo tendrán
estas dimensiones en su parte rectangular. Se escogerá el tamaño más económico.
Exceptuando las del anillo circular cuando éste se requiere, las láminas del resto del
fondo serán solapadas, incluyendo las que se unen al anillo las cuales tendrán 2 ½”
mínima de solapa sobre dicho anillo.
3.2.5 Se diseñarán e instalarán sistemas adecuados para eliminar los vórtices en la salida
del tanque y en la línea de drenaje de agua.
3.2.1 Para todos los tanques se tomará como diámetro nominal de cada uno el de la línea
media del espesor de las láminas de la pared del anillo inferior. Para todos los
tanques se tomara como altura nominal la distancia desde la soldadura de la primera
hilera con el fondo hasta el borde superior del perfil del tope del tanque. En los
tanques de techo flotante el espesor del techo queda incluido dentro de la altura
nominal. Se proveerá una extensión sobre la altura nominal para instalar las cámaras
del sistema de espuma.
3.2.2 En los tanques de techo cónico la aleta horizontal del perfil del tope del techo estará
dirigida hacia dentro del tanque, en los de techo flotante la aleta horizontal estará
dirigida hacia afuera del tanque.
3.3.1 Los aros serán diseñados de acuerdo al aparte 3.9.6 del API-650, el ancho mínimo
será de 30”.
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3.3.3 El anillo de tubería distribuidor de espuma se instalará por encima del refuerzo
contra viento.
3.3.4 Se comprobará durante las pruebas del tanque que el drenaje del aro de refuerzo se
verifique completamente; se practicarán agujeros de drenajes en donde el agua
permanezca acumulada en mas de 1/16” de profundidad.
3.5.1 Generalidades
a) Las columnas, vigas, etc., del techo deberán ser de acero estructural estándar
nuevo, ASTM A-36, fabricado según ASTM A-6. En su defecto podrá utilizarse
material de especificación PS-25 de SIDOR, o tubería ASTM-A-53 Gr. B, como
columna.
a) Los techos flotantes serán del tipo de pontón, de puente bajo (mínimo espacio
para vapor). Las láminas de los pontones tendrán ¼” de espesor y las del puente
tendrán 3/16”, como mínimo.
b) Los techos flotantes estarán en contacto con la pared del tanque mediante
pletinas de acero inoxidable para conexión a tierra.
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e) Los sellos de los techos deberán estar protegidos contra la lluvia mediante un
deflector.
f) Para impedir la rotación del techo se diseñará un poste de tubería que a su vez
servirá para la medición manual de nivel.
g) Se suministrará una pata por cada pontón más una pata por cada 23.2 m² de
techo libre, hechas de tubería de 3” de diámetro y SCH 80 y serán ajustables a
dos posiciones, de forma tal que la inferior permita al techo llegar hasta tres (3)
pulgadas por debajo de la posición de operación más baja especificada, sin
interferir con cualquier accesorio interno o con el mecanismo del sello. Para la
posición superior se preverá un margen de 1.82 m. entre la parte más baja del
techo y el fondo del tanque.
h) El diseño del tanque garantizará que en ningún momento ocurra daños al techo
flotante ni al tanque en caso de exceso de llenado.
i) El factor de seguridad sobre flotación de los techos flotantes será como mínimo
2.
3.6.1 Generalidades
a) Las toberas para instrumentos y accesorios serán diseñadas en base a los dibujos
certificados de los fabricantes de dichos equipos.
b) Las tapas de las escotilla para medición con cinta y toma de muestras deberán
ser de cierre automático, suficientemente pesadas, tendrán empacadura especial
para producir hermeticidad, serán de material antichispa y tendrán una marca de
referencia para la medición. Estas escotillas se localizarán cerca de la plataforma
de la escalera.
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a) Los venteos para los tanques de techo cónico serán de los siguientes tipos:
Todos los venteos se calcularán y seleccionarán según el API 20000, última edición,
última revisión .
b) Los drenajes de los techos serán del tipo flexible, el drenaje principal será
además del tipo automático.
a) Las escaleras serán del tipo espiral con plataformas localizadas para acceso a la
escotilla de medición con cinta. Las plataformas y la escotillas deberán estar
localizadas hacia arriba de la corriente del viento.
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4.0 MONTAJE
4.1 El montaje de los tanques verticales estará de acuerdo con el API-650 edición más
reciente y con los requerimientos siguientes:
4.1.1 El primer anillo del casco deberá montarse en un circulo exactamente concéntrico con
respecto al que forma el eje de la cimentación.
4.1.2 El primer anillo será montados nivelado todos sus componentes con una tolerancia
permisible de 3/16” entre la máxima y la mínima elevación y de 3/8” para arcos de
chapas de hasta 30 pies de longitud hechas en una sola pieza.
4.2 La proyección de las toberas desde el diámetro exterior del tanque no diferirá de ± 1/8”
de lo que se indica en las especificaciones.
4.3 Las caras de las bridas de las toberas deberán ser perpendiculares al eje de las mismas;
la desviación máxima admisible será de 1°.
4.4 Las caras de las bridas de las bocas de visita deberán ser perpendiculares al eje de las
mismas, la desviación máxima admisible será de 2°.
4.5 La localización de las toberas no deberá desviarse más de ¼” de la posición vertical que
se haya definido.
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5.0 SOLDADURA
5.1 Todas las soldaduras serán hechas por el proceso de arco eléctrico protegido de
acuerdo con las normas API-650, párrafo 5.2. Todas las juntas de las planchas del
casco serán soldadas a penetración y fusión completas. Las juntas verticales serán
hechas manualmente con pasos múltiple. Las juntas horizontales podrán ser hechas
manualmente o con máquinas de arco sumergido de avance automático o
semiautomático, de acuerdo a lo descrito en la Sección IX del ASME.
Todas las socavaciones y las acumulaciones de material de aporte excesivo deben ser
reparadas por EL CONTRATISTA.
Los aceros de alta resistencia y los de equivalente real de carbono (%C+ % Mn/4)
mayor de 0,5% llevarán un mínimo de dos capas de soldadura en todas las uniones,
anexos estructurales y cualquier otras soldaduras hechas en la superficie de la lámina.
Los puntos de soldadura (“tack welds”) que se usen para uniones entre pared y
fondo, deben ser removidos completamente antes de comenzar a ejecutarse la
soldadura definitiva.
b) Los accesorios a soldar a las paredes serán soldadas por dentro y por fuera de los
tanques.
5.2 Los procedimientos de soldadura serán calificados de acuerdo con la Sección 7 del
API-650 y la Sección IX del ASME.
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5.3 Todos los soldadores deberán tener certificados de prueba de soldadura aprobados
por ____; dicha prueba deberá estar vigente para el momento de realizarse el trabajo,
en caso contrario El CONTRATISTA practicará las pruebas requeridas según el
código ASME Sección IV y/o las indicadas por _______, S.A. en un sitio aprobado
por y con la presencia de _________. Todo el costo tanto de las pruebas como de los
materiales será por cuenta de EL CONTRATISTA.
Un soldador que no califique en su primera prueba, puede repetirla tres (3) días
después a solicitud del CONTRATISTA. En caso de ser reprobado de nuevo en esta
segunda prueba, no podrá volver pasar una nueva prueba para poder trabajar en la
OBRA, durante un período de doce (12) meses.
5.5 EL CONTRATISTA mantendrá un archivo con los datos precisos del trabajo de cada
soldador u operador de máquinas automáticas de soldar.
6.1 Todo el material suministrado para la construcción de los tanques estará en todo
momento sujeto a la inspección y aprobación de ____________.
6.2 EL CONTRATISTA, suministrará a____ en tiempo oportuno dos copias de todas las
pruebas a que en fábrica el mat4erial de las planchas hubiese sido sometido para su
evaluación, aprobación y/o rechazo eventual.
a) Las juntas a tope de las planchas anulares (annular plates) de los fondos de todos
los tanques deberán ser radiografiadas 10% o inspeccionadas en toda su
extensión por partículas magnéticas después de completado el pase de raíz y de
nuevo al terminar el cordón de soldadura.
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6.7 Todas las radiografías pasarán a ser propiedad de ___________ quien podrá rechazar
cualquiera de ellas que considere defectuosa, sea por falla de revelado, toma
incorrecta o incompletamente identificada o dañada por cualquier causa. EL
CONTRATISTA repondrá por su cuenta cualquier radiografía rechazada por
________.
6.8 Queda estrictamente prohibido el uso de esténciles de acero en cualquier parte del
tanque a objeto de identificación.
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6.10.2 El empleo de cualesquiera de los métodos descritos en los párrafos 6.2, 6.3 y 6.4
podrá ser exigido al solo criterio de ___________.
6.10.3 Los ensayos no destructivos a que se refieren los párrafos 6.2 “Partículas
Magnéticas”, 6.3 “Ultrasonido” y 6.4 “Liquido Penetrante” estarán de acuerdo con
los artículos 7, Artículo 5 y Artículo 6 de la Sección V del ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code – última edición, última revisión.
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7.0 PRUEBAS
7.1.1 Al fondo se le hará una prueba de vacío según se indica en el párrafo 5.3.4 del API-
650. También se harán pruebas de vacío en la pared y en los techos flotantes.
7.1.4 A todos los tanques se les inspeccionará la soldadura interior que une el fondo y la
pared, mediante líquido penetrante.
7.1.5 Las soldaduras finales de la pared con el fondo después de completar el tanque serán
probadas con aceite penetrante en caso de no haber agua disponible para la prueba
hidrostática.
En caso contrario, se efectuará la prueba hidrostática según API 650 Sección 5.3.6.
7.1.6 La prueba a las soldaduras del techo se efectuará en forma similar a los descritos en
7.1.1 para el fondo.
Si una soldadura no cumple con los códigos se radiografiarán las 6” más externas de
las juntas adicionales ejecutadas por el mismo soldador. De encontrarse otra junta
defectuosa en las dos soldaduras adicionales entonces se radiografiarán las 6” más
externas de todas las juntas soldadas por el mismo soldador.
7.1.8 Las juntas de las paredes de los tanques serán radiografiadas según la Sección 6 del
API 650, ________ se reserva el derecho de seleccionar los puntos de las soldaduras
que se van a radiografiar.
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7.2.1 Los tanques serán probados hidrostáticamente con agua según el API 650, aparte
5.3.6, última edición, última revisión.
7.2.2 Las ratas de llenado de los tanques durante la prueba deberán conformar la tabla
siguiente de modo de lograr un llenado uniforme y un asentamiento normal de la
base del tanque.
7.2.3 ________ suplirá agua limpia para la prueba hidrostática a suficiente presión y
volumen para llenar un tanque en 15 días.
_________ podrá decidir el momento oportuno, si se realiza la prueba llenado el tanque solo
parcialmente a aproximadamente 25% de la capacidad total.
7.2.7 El Contratista suplirá todo el material y personal requerido para la conexión del
tanque al punto de drenaje y supervisar el vaciado.
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8. CALIBRACION
9.0 DEFECTOS
9.1 Todos los defectos en la fabricación y erección de los tanques descubiertos por la
inspección y las pruebas serán corregidas por EL CONTRATISTA a sus propias
expensas, en cumplimiento de este contrato. El método de corrección deberá ser
aceptado por el representante de ____________.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 SCOPE.................................................................................... 57
7.0 DESIGN................................................................................... 59
10.0 TOLERANCES........................................................................... 63
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1.0 SCOPE
This specification covers the basic requirements of the design, fabrication, erection
and testing of field erected cylindrical, welded steel storage tanks.
API Standard 605 – Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges (1988 Edition)
API Standard 650 – Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage (1993 Edition)
API Standard 2000-Guide for Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1910-Occupational Safety
and Health Standards.
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material) Specifications Unified Building
Code (1988 Edition).
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4.2.5 Options or alternatives permitted by API Standard 650, and not prohibited by the
Purchaser specifications.
5.1 The vendor shall submit the following engineering data for review by Purchaser. All
documents shall be in reproducible form, and the quality shall allow for microfilming
without loss of clarity. All documents shall indicate that they have been checked or
reviewed prior to submittal to Purchaser. The Vendor shall not proceed with
fabrication until notified by Purchaser.
5.1.1 All drawings required for the fabrication and erection of each tank. A drawing index
for each tank is required and shall be resubmitted each time drawing are revised and
reissued.
5.2 All subsequent revisions made by the Vendor to the data listed in Paragraph 5.1 shall
be resubmitted to Purchaser for review.
5.3 Certification of all materials is required. Purchaser reserves the right to review
Certified Material Test Reports for all materials of construction at any time during
shop fabrication or field erection. Vendor shall maintain these documents readily
available for such review and shall submit them to Purchaser for final record if
specifically request.
5.4 Review of the Vendor’s documents by Purchaser does not relieve the Vendor of
responsibility for compliance with the applicable codes, standard, Purchaser
drawings, and specifications, or the accuracy of shop dimensions.
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6.0 MATERIALS
6.1 All carbon steel materials shall conform with the requirements of API Standard 650.
6.2 All high alloy materials shall conform with the material specifications listed on the
individual tank design data sheets or drawings. The minimum thickness for tank
bottom, shell and roof plates shall be in accordance with API Standard 650 unless
noted otherwise.
6.3 When materials of construction are not specified on Purchaser tank drawings, the
Vendor shall propose materials appropriate for the specified design conditions.
6.4 Substitution of materials must have the written approval of Purchaser before being
used.
6.5 All welded attachments to the tank (both temporary and permanent attachments)
shall be of the same material as the tank.
7.0 DESIGN
7.1 General
For floating roof tanks, the net working capacity is the liquid volume contained
between the maximum operating level (24 inches below rim for fabric type seals) and
the minimum operating level.
For open and fixed roof tanks, the net working capacity is the liquid volume
contained between the minimum operating level (bottom of the tank) and the
maximum operating level (limited to the top of internal pipe of overflow or 3 inches
below foam chamber connection or (*) 6 inches below rim, whichever dimension is
greater).
7.1.2 The tank shell thickness shall be calculated for liquid level (both operating and test
condition at the top of tank shell.
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7.1.3 Corrosion allowance, when specified, shall be added to calculated shell and self-
supporting roof thicknesses to minimum nominal thicknesses of bottom and
supported roof plates; to nozzles and manholes; and to all exposed surface of internal
structural members and nonremovable internals.
7.1.4 The tank shell to roof junction shall be designed to withstand the forces caused by
sloshing of the liquid contents during an earthquake (see specifications for
earthquake design requirements). As an alternate, the tank shell height my be
increased to provide sufficient freeboard (slosh height allowance) to prevent any
damage to the roof and upper shell. The Vendor shall state which design he proposed
to use and shall submit calculations to the purchaser, for review, to substantiate his
design.
7.1.5 API Standard 650, Appendix K “Alternate Procedure for Calculating Tank Shell
Thicknees”, may be used the tank supplier’s option if a more economical tank
results.
7.1.6 Vents shall be sized in accordance with API Standard 2000 unless otherwise
specified.
7.1.7 All connections shall be flanged. Minimum nominal diameter shall be 1-1/2 inches.
7.1.8 Shell nozzle connections shall be API Standard 65o regular type furnished flanges as
specified in Paragraph 2.3.
7.2.1 Wind girder and intermediate wind girder requirements shall be based on a wind
velocity of 90 miles/hr.
7.2.2 Earthquake design requirements shall be the API Standard 650 Appendix “E”, and
Specification.
7.2.3 Design metal temperature = 70°F. unless noted otherwise on Purchaser tank
drawings.
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a) Rainfall:
b) Temperature
7.3.1 Cone roofs may be self-supporting or supported. Vendor may propose an alternate
for supplying self-supporting dome or umbrella roof when feasible and more
economical.
7.3.2 Lateral braces between outer bay rafters must be provided when unsymmetrical
structural shapes are used for rafters and the tanks are located in areas subject to
earthquake. The bracing must be adequately sized for seismic zone as specified in
paragraph 7.2.2., and shall not be less than the minimum required per API Standard
650.
7.4.1 Floating roofs shall comply with API Standard 650, Appendix C.
7.4.2 The type of roof and seal to be provided shall be as specified on Purchaser tank
drawing. If the type is not specified on drawing. Vendor shall provide the most
economical and suitable type for the intended service.
7.4.3 The pontoon bulkheads shall be completely welded for liquid tightness.
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1.1 Vendor shall furnish and install all internals and accessories as noted on individual
Purchaser tank drawings and/or as specified in the contract.
1.2 Nozzle flanges shall be in accordance with ASME/ANSI B16.5, “Steel Pipe Flanges
and Fittings.” Flanges larger than the scope of ASME/ANSI B16..5 shall be in
accordance with API Standard 605, “Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges.”
1.5 Heating coil or heater nozzles shall be furnished with a 6 inches long internal
projection beveled for field welding, when coil or heater is furnished by others.
1.6 Vendor shall include all appurtenances and accessories required for the proper
performance of each floating roof tank in its specified services. There shall include
(but no be limited to) the following:
1.6.2 Weather shield and foam resilient fabric covered type seals.
1.6.8 Roof supports with operating and cleaning level adjustment. (Level shall be set 2’-6”
from bottom for operating, or at a level for the seal to clear top of mixer, manholes or
feed nozzles and at 6’-0” from bottom for cleaning).
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1.6.11 Fire protection system shall be designed and furnished by others. Tank vendor’s
scope shall include supports and installations of the system on the tank.
8.7 Stairways, landing platforms, ladders and handrailing shall be provided as specified
on Purchaser tank drawing and shall be in compliance with the code of Federal
Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1910 – Occupational Safety and Health
Standards.
Stairways for tanks designed for insulated tanks shall be double stringer type
supported by a minimum number of brackets. Handrails shall be provides on both
sides if the clearance between tank shell and stringer exceed 8 inches.
8.8 The following be hot dip galvanized ____________ when specified by Purchaser
drawing in accordance with ASTM A123. Damaged zinc coating shall be repaired
with galvalloy.
8.8.1 Spiral stair treads, stringer (if used) and stair railing.
8.8.6 Rolling stair treads, stringer and other framing, stair railing and running gear (those
parts not welded to roof).
8.8.7 Where hot dip galvanizing is specified either in this specification or on drawings, all
related bolting and detail hardware shall be galvanized.
10.1 Prior to the start of erection. Vendor shall inspect each tank foundation for levelness,
and formally notify Purchaser of the acceptance or rejection.
10.3 Vertical weldseams in bottom shell courses shall be at least 12 inches away from
bottom annular ring radial welds seams.
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10.4 All structural clips and other attachments to the tank shall be welded with continuous
fillet welds all around and shall be of the same material as the tank.
10.5 All temporary erection attachments welded to the interior or exterior of the shell or to
the bottom shall be removed by arc gouging and the weld area repaired and ground
smooth. Temporary erection attachments shall be of the same material as the tank
shell and bottom.
10.6 The interior of tanks to be internally lined or coated shall have all edges rounded to a
minimum of 1/8” radius. All internal welds shall be seal welded, ground smooth and
free of surface porosity, pockets, and high sports. All weld splatter shall be removed.
Any additional surface preparation shall be performed by the Vendor as specified on
Purchaser tank drawing.
10.7 Vertical weldseams on API Standard 650 tanks shall be located to avoid openings
wherever possible. Vendor shall comply with all minimum weld clearance
requirements. If the location of connections or attachments which are established by
Purchaser does not permit adequate clearance, the matter shall be referred to
Purchaser for decision.
10.8 Weather shields shall be provided with rounded edges. This will prevent excessive
abrasion on tank lining or painting.
11.0 TOLERANCE
11.1 Tank erection and foundation tolerance shall be in accordance with API Standard
650.
11.2 The maximum out of plumbness of stilling wells shall not exceed 1/200 of the total
height.
11.3 Tank nozzles (excluding manholes) shall be installed within the following tolerances:
11.3.1 Projection from outside of tank shell to extreme face of flange – plus or minus 3/16
inch.
11.3.3 Flange tilt in any plane, measured on a diameter across the gasket surface – plus or
minus 1/8 inch for nozzles up to 14 inch diameter and plus or minus ½” for nozzles
over 14” diameter.
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10.4.1 Projection from outside of shell to extreme face of flange – plus or minus ½ inch.
10.4.3 Flange tilt in any plane, measured across the flange diameter – plus or minus ½ inch.
11.1 Surveys
11.1.1 Upon completion of welding of the first course shell plates and prior to erection of
the second course, a survey of levelness, circularity, and plumbness shall be
performed by the Vendor. Measurements shall be taken adjacent to and midpoint
between each vertical welseam. The locations shall be clearly marked and indentified
with reference number, and shall be used for any subsequent survey as well as the
final survey.
11.1.2 During the course of tank erection, additional surveys shall be performed as deemed
necessary by the Vendor.
11.1.3 Al final survey shall be performed by the Vendor after all roof framing has been
installed.
11.1.4 Vendor shall submit the results to Purchaser immediately after each survey as been
completed.
11.2 Sectioning
Sectioning is not permitted on tank welds. Spot radiography shall be used in lieu of
sectioning.
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11.3 Cleanning
11.3.1 In addition to the general cleaning requirements of API Standard 650, thoroughly
broom sweep or wash clean inside of each tank. Remove all weld slag, loose scale,
oil, dirt, sand, debris and rubbish.
11.3.2 For austenitic stainless steel tank, the following cleaning, painting and marking
requirements shall apply:
a) Only stainless steel brushes, clean iron free sand, ceramic or stainless steel grit
be used for cleaning alloy surfaces.
b) Solvents used to clean or remove scale or oil shall be free of organic and
inorganic chlorides.
c) Do not use marking inks, crayons, or paint that contain sulphur, chloride,
carbon, or harmful metal or metal salts such as zinc, lead, or copper which may
cause corrosive attack when the vessel part is heated.
11.4 Testing
11.4.2 Each compartment of pontoon roofs shall be individually tested with air pressure at 3
inches of water gauge. A soapy water mixture, linseed oil or equivalent shall be
applied to all welded joints under pressure.
11.4.3 Prior to pressure testing the floating roof drain system, the pipe or hose system shall
be thoroughly flushed to ensure the removal of any internal obstruction.
11.4.4 For open top, fixed roof and open floating roof tanks, the water filing height shall be
to the top of top angle. The floating roof must return into the tank without damage to
seal or weather shield when the water level is lowered.
11.4.5 Any tank showing evidence of leakage from the bottom during test must be emptied
immediately. The source of leakage must be determined and the defect repaired prior
to refilling.
11.4.6 Austenitic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel lined tank shall be
hydrostatically tested with clean filtered high purity water containing less than 10
ppm chlorides, unless stated otherwise on the tank outline drawing.
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11.4.7 As an alternative, tank that can be completely rinsed may be hydrostatically tested
with clean filtered chlorinated potable water followed by immediate draining and
rinsing with high purity water containing less then 10 ppm chlorides. The test water
chemistry and rinsing procedure shall be submitted for review and approval by
Purchaser before alternative is used.
11.4.8 Tank shall be completely drained and thoroughly within 48 hours of testing.
Acceptable methods of drying include mopping, wiping, or blow drying with cool air
or nitrogen less than 140°F.
11.4.9 When tank is subject to an extended hydrostatic test or wet layup conditions (greater
than 48 hours) the test water shall be checked, and if necessary treated, on a daily
basis with a biocide to minimize the risk of zone microbiological contamination. An
acceptable biocide is ozone (0.1 ppm residual). Any other biocides shall be reviewed
and approved by Purchaser.
11.4.10 After drying, tank shall be sealed air-tight and maintained in a Clean dry condition.
12.0 GAUGING
The Vendor shall furnish gauging tables in accordance with API 2550 when required
by Purchaser Order. Otherwise Calculated gauge tables shall be furnished.
13.0 CERTIFICATION/STAMPING
13.1 Upon completion of construction, the supplier shall furnish Purchaser with copies of
a data sheet according to Appendix L of API Standard 650, that reflects the as-build
conditions and certifies that the tank conforms with the requirements of API
Standard 650 and the additional requirements of this specification and other
Purchaser specifications.
13.2 Tanks shall have a stainless steel stamped nameplate welded to the tank. The
nameplate shall extended out over the insulation when the tank is insulated.
Nameplates shall be in accordance with Section 8.1 of API Standard 650. Nameplate
location shall be as shown on Purchaser’s tank drawing or data sheet.
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Index
Page
1. GENERAL 71
1.1 Reception and Storage of Materials 71
1.2 Preparation of Materials 71
1.3 Manual Gas Cutting 71
1.4 Foundations 71
2. TANK ERECTION 71
2.1 Erection Methods 71
2.1.1 General 71
2.1.2 Progressive Assembly and Welding 72
2.1.3 Complete assembly followed by welding of horizontal seams 72
2.2 Wind Bracing 72
2.3 Erection Attachments 72
2.4 Setting Out Bottom Course of Shell Plates 73
2.5 Checking of Alignment 73
2.6 Roof Erection 73
2.7 Shell Tolerances 74
2.7.1 Verticality of the Tank Shell 74
2.7.2 Tolerance at horizontal and vertical shell seams 74
2.7.3 Tolerance for misalignment of plates at butt welded joints 74
3. WELDING 74
3.1 Welder Qualification 74
3.2 Welding Procedure Qualification 75
3.3 Sequence of welding 75
3.4 Weather Conditions 75
3.5 Electrodes and Welding Wires 75
3.6 Tack Welds 76
3.7 Welding Procedure 76
3.8 Bottom Plate Joints 76
3.9 Bottom to Shell Plate Join 76
3.10 Shell Butt Joints 77
3.11 Maximum Hardness 77
3.12 Weld Inspection 77
3.12.1 General 77
3.12.2 Initial Weld Inspection 77
3.12.3 Finished Weld Inspection 78
3.12.4 Visual Inspection 78
3.12.5 Weld Defects 79
3.12.6 Repairs to Weld and Additional Radiography 79
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1. GENERAL
The erection contractor shall inspect and keep stock of all materials delivered at site
and be fully responsible for their safekeeping.
All fittings, valves, plates, etc., shall be properly laid out on wooden supports clear of
the soil. Special care shall be taken that damage does not occur to joint faces of
valves and flanges or to beveled ends of fittings.
All materials shall be examined and repaired as necessary at the site before being
erected, to ensure that any damage incurred in transit is made good to the satisfaction
of the ISLA’s representative. Particular attention shall be paid to the removal of
buckles and distortions in the shell and bottom plates.
Manual gas cutting may be used for trimming the corners of bottom of roof plates
where two lapped joints intersect, and for cutting openings for fittings positioned on
site.
Manual gas cutting shall not be used for any other purpose without the approval of
ISLA’s representative.
1.4 Foundations
Before erection starts the contractor shall check the foundations of the tanks as
regards height, shape and level. This also includes appearance and final after
completion of the tank erection. The foundation shall be checked, not only at the
commencement of operations, but several times during tank erection.
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2. TANK ERECTION
2.1.1 General
The methods widely used for erecting a welded storage vertical tank are outlined in
this section.
Welded vertical storage tanks can be erected satisfactorily in several ways; no one
particular system of erection procedure is specified for use.
Erection contractors normally have specific individual methods which they have
adopted as the result of experience, and have developed the erection technique most
suitable for economical working and good workmanship by their field crews.
Provided that erection contractor employs a method which is known to give good
results and that the recommended sequence of erection and welding are followed, the
method may be deemed satisfactory.
To build tanks which are of sound quality, good appearance and free from buckles or
distortion, correct welding sequence shall bee adhered to and adequate supervision
provided. The most frequently used methods of erection are give below.
In the progressive assembly method, the bottom plates are assembled and welded
first. Thereafter the shell plates are erected, held in place, tacked and completely
welded. This shall be done course, working upwards to the top curb angle. No course
shall be added as long as the previous course has not been entirely welded. The
erection and completion of the roof plates then follow.
In the complete assembly method, the bottom plates are assembled and welded first.
Thereafter the shell plates are erected, held in places, tacked and only the vertical
seams completely welded, leaving the horizontal seams unwelded. This shall be done
course by course, working upwards to the top curb angle. No course shall be added
as long as the previous course has not been entirely welded. The erection and
completion of the roof plates them follow.
Finallly, the horizontal seams are welded, working upwards from the bottom course
or downwards from the top curb angle.
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Holes in platework, to assist in erection, are not permitted. Lugs clamps, and other
devices to assist in erection may be attached to the tank plates by welding, but all
attachments required only for the purpose of erection shall removed and any
noticeable projections of weld metal remaining shall be carefully grounded.
Plates shall not be gouged or torn in the process of removing attachments, and any
indentations caused thereby shall filled with weld metal and ground flush with the
plate surface.
In setting out the bottom course of shell plates, allowance shall be made for the
contraction of vertical joints during welding. While the plates are being plumbed and
checked for circularity , and before they are tackwelded to tank bottom, they shall be
help in position by metal clamps or other devices attached to the bottom plates.
Before final welding of the bottom course of shell plates begins, a check should be
made to ensure that the alignment to the plates and the width of the gaps between
them are correct, and that any inaccuracies after welding will be within the tolerance
mentioned below. If the tolerances are expected to be exceeded, the plates shall be
re-aligned before final welding begins.
Care shall be taken to minimize lack of circularity or distortion between the top and
bottom of the tank shell, wheter due to welding or any other cause.
The tank shell be carefully checked for circularity, dimensions and level before the
roof are erected.
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The ISLA’s representative reserves the right to defer acceptance of tank if it shows
shell plate buckling as define in paragraph 2.7 until the fault has been rectified to the
satisfaction of ISLA’s representative.
Before roof erection begins, the tank shall be carefully checked for uneven
settlement, and any misalignment of the top of the shell shall be corrected before the
roof plates are positioned.
Temporary supports for the erection of the roof shall not removed until erection is
complete.
After the first course has been erected and welded, the internal radius, measure
horizontally from the centre of tank to any point on the inside of the tank shell, shall
not vary from the nominal internal radius by more than 10 mm.
After completion, the shell shall not be out of vertical by more than 1:400 of height.
This tolerance is mandatory for the tank shell as a whole and should also be used as a
guidance for each individual course.
At horizontal and vertical shell seams, the shell profile should not deviate from its
design form by more than 10 mm measured over a gauge length of 1 m.
- In completed vertical joints 10% of the plate thickness, or 1.5 mm for plates 15
mm thick and under, whichever is the larger.
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- In completed horizontal joints 20% of the plate thickness, or 1.5 mm for plates
8 mm thick and under and 3 mm for plates over 8 mm thick: whichever is the
smaller.
3. WELDING
All welding of tank plates, steel framing, structural attachments and mountings done
in field shall be carried out by qualified welders.
The erection contractor shall weld test plates using his procedures to demonstrate to
ISLA’s representative that these procedures are suitable for making welds which
conform to the specified requirements. Each welding procedure shall be qualified in
accordance with the latest practice as given in the applicable rules of BS22654
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Moreover, the welded
metal shall show at least a charpy V-notch impact value of 27 J at ambient
temperature.
The sequence employed both for tack welding and final welding of the bottom, shell
and roof plates shall be arranged to minimize the distortion due to weld shrinkage.
The sequences shall be approved by the ISLA’s representative before erection starts.
Welding shall not be carried out when the surface to be welded are wet; nor when
rain, is falling or high, is falling or high winds are blowing, unless the welder or
welding operator and the work are properly shielded.
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Welding materials shall be in accordance with the current list of approved welding
consumables published by Lloyds Register of Shipping or other internationally
acknowledged body.
If the electrodes become damp but are not otherwise damaged they may be used only
after dried out in a manner approved by the electrodes manufacturer. Any electrodes
which have areas of the coating broken away or damaged shall be discarded.
Welders be experienced in the manipulation of the electrodes and wires used before
proceeding with the tank welding. Basic or low-hydrogen electrodes are
recommended for sealing runs and root layers.
For low-hydrogen electrodes, an oven shall be available at the welding site to ensure
the use of dry electrodes in accordance with the recommendations of the electrode
manufacturer.
Tack welds used in the vertical joints between shell plates and in the horizontal joint
between the bottom course of shell plates and the bottom plates, during assembly of
tank shall be removed and shall not remain in the finished joints.
Tack weld in the horizontal joints between shell plates, and in the joints between roof
plates and shell plates, need not be removed provided that they are sound and free
from craks, and that the quelity of the welding is to the satisfaction of the ISLA’s
representative.
- In multi-layer welding each layer of weld metal shall bee thoroughly cleaned of
slag and other deposits before the next layer is applied. All completed welds
shall be freed from slag, brushed and thoroughly cleaned before final
inspection and subsequent painting.
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- The weld metal on both side of all butt joints, except offset faces of horizontal
joints of unequal plate thickness, shall be built up in the form of an overlay so
that all the finished face in the area of fusion shall extend above the surface of
the adjoining plates to a height of preferably not more than 1.5 mm.
- The edges of all welds shall merge with the surface of the adjoining plates
without a sharp angle.
All bottom plate joints shall be welded in accordance with the details described in
Drawing N° 92300-307.
The shell plates shall be continuously welded on both sides to the bottom sketch
plates in accordance with the details described in Drawing N° 92300-308.
- All vertical but joints, wheter square or single-vee, shall have complete weld
penetration through the full thickness of plate.
- All horizontal square and single-bevel but joints shall have complete
penetraton through the full thickness of plate.
- In single-vee or single-bevel butt joints the vee or bevel shall be made on the
outside of tank unless otherwise agreed with ISLA’s representative.
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The maximum hardness for weld metal and heat affected zones (HAZ) of vertical
seams in the lowest shell course and bottom to shell fillet welds shall not exceed 231
BHN or 21 RC, to prevent the possibility of H2S stress corrosion.
The hardness measurements shall be taken on the welding procedure test plate on a
cross section over the weld. The hardness shall be established with a hardness tester
in the weld metal, heat-afected zone and base metal.
3.12.1 General
The ISLA’s representative shall at all times have free access to all parts the site while
the work covered by the contract is in progress.
The tank erection contractor shall afford him all reasonable facilities for ensuring
that the work is being carried out in accordance with the requirements of this
specification.
All site welding shall be subjected to close visual inspection by competent welding
inspectors as the welding progresses, and any faults or bad practices shall be
corrected as soon as possible.
Particular attention shall be paid to the vertical and horizontal joints that pass under
the shell plates. Al there joints shall be thoroughly deslaged by chipping and
brushing, and examined between each run of weld metal for faults such as lack of
fusion, surface cracks, slag inclusions and undercutting.
The use of sectioning, trepanning or other destructive methods of testing welds is not
permitted.
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The minimum length of a radiograph shall be 0.3 m. The number of radiographs shall
be base on an affective length.
All welds should be visually inspected. Visual Inspection shall show that the
following requirements are met:
- The profile of fillet welds is such that leg lengths are equal within 1.5 mm and
surface of the weld is slightly convex and free from overlap at the toes of the
weld.
- The profile of but welds is uniform, slightly convex and free from overlap at
the toes of the weld
- The surface of the weld is free from cavities and trapped slag, and does not
display any porosity.
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Cracks of any form or size or any gross porosity are not permitted.
All welds shall show complete fusion with the parent metal. All vertical butt joints
and square butt horizontal joints shall display complete penetration through the full
thickness of plate.
All single-bevel butt show complete penetration through the full thickness of the
parent plate. When lack of full penetration is observed immediate actions shall be
taken for improvement in order to obtain full penetration the welds.
Individual elongated inclusions having a length greater thn one-third of the thickness
of the thinner plate of the joint are not acceptable. Any individual shorter than 3 mm
shall not be a reason for rejection.
Slag inclusions which may be individually acceptable as described above are not
collectively acceptable when the aggregate length of any group of inclusions in line
exceeds the thickness of the thinner shell plate in a length of ten times the thickness,
except when the distance between successive imperfections exceeds five time the
length of the longer of adjacent imperfections.
When any of the defects defined in paragraph 3.12.5 are present in a weld seam, two
additional spots in the same seam shall be examined in order to determine the limits
of the defective welding.
If the welding at either of the additional spots does not conform to the minimum
quality requirements, the weld seam shall be fully radiograph.
All repairs arising from examination, and any additional radiographs required to
assess the extent of defects, shall be paid for by the tank erection contractor.
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The type of film shall be fine grain X-ray. Intensifying salt screens shall not be used.
The radiographic technique used shall detect any differences in metal thickness to
within 2% of the total thickness of the section under examination.
The vacuum box is fitted with a glass viewing panel on its and has open bottom,
around which a continuous rubber seal and former are secured. The seal shall form
an airtight join around the section of the weld to be tested when the box is pressed
against the bottom plates.
Testing shall be done by filling the tank with fresh water to the level of the top leg of
the curb angle, and noting any leaks over a period of at least 24 hours.
Contractor shall provide, install and remove all pumps, water and water lines
temporarily required for the testing of the tank. All shell openings shall be closed
with blind flanges by the contractor (this blind flanges, gaskets and bolting shall be
provided by contractor).
The filling of tank with water, shall be done slowly and a continuous inspection shall
be maintained for the whole of the filling period.
Maximum filling rate shall be 0,45 m/hour. Filling shall be stopped at any signs of
excessive or uneven settlement happens.
In the case of excessive soil settlement the situation shall bee reported to the soil
mechanics specialist and his recommendations considered.
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When the tank shell is tested with water, the tank roof shall be tested by blowing air
under the roof plates while the tank is still full of water. Testing pressure shall be
19,55 mbar ( 200 mm w.g.). For the detection of leaks, sop suds or some alternative
substance shall be applied to all joints.
Alternatively, the roof weld seams may be tested by the vacuum box method.
All leaks detected during testing shall be repaired to the satisfaction of ISLA’s
representative, and on completion the entire tank shall be tight and free from leaks.
In the joints between shall plates or bottom plates, or bot, the defective part shall first
be cut out and repaired by welding. In joints between roof plates if there is any
indication of porosity or craking, a repair weld shall be made for affect parts of the
joint.
When the tank is filled with water for testing, defects in the shell joints shall be
repaired with the water level at least 1.0 m below the work.
4.5 Retesting
After all defects have been repaired, involved welds shall be retested by the methods
previously described.
If it impractical to use these methods a second time, extra care shall be taken in the
inspection of welded repairs, and all defects which have been repaired shall be tested
with dye penetrants, according to ASME Code, Section V, Article 6.
If further leaks are discovered when the tank is first filled with product, repairs shall
not be made until the tank has been rendered safe.
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5. PAINTING
- Maintenance of the paint work until completion of the contract. This shall
include the repair of any paint damages.
- The characteristics of the paint and paint materials, obtained form the paint
manufacturer.
- The supply of all the necessary equipment, weather protection and scaffolding
for the painting of storage tanks to ensure that the work is carried out in
accordance with this specification.
- The protection of all equipment, structures and any other areas mechanical
damage, damage caused by the abrasive during blast cleaning, paint droppings,
or overspray.
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5.2.1 General
For maximum paint performance is essential that surface to be painted or coated shall
be adequately prepared. They shall always be completely dry and free from burrs,
weld spatter, flux, rust, loose scale, dirt grease, oil and other foreign mater before any
paint is applied.
If the surface has been exposed to a polluted, e.g. salt-laden atmosphere, it shall be
washed down with clean fresh water.
Grease, oil, etc., shall be removed by means of a suitable solvent in accordance with
SSPC-SP1 or by high-pressure water jetting or steam cleaning. Excessive rust scale
should be removed using impact cleaning tools.
All bolt holes shall be solvent-cleaned prior to blast cleaning. All sharp edges shall
be removed.
Mill scale, rust, corrosion products, paint or any other foreign matter shall be
removed by blast cleaning to Sa 2½ grade (equivalent to SSPC-SP10).
Mill scale, rust and foreign matter shall removed to the extend that remaining traces
are slight stains in the form of sports or stripes. Finally, surface shall be cleaned with
a vacuum cleaner, clean dry compressed air or a clean brush.
The compressed air supply used for blast cleaning shall be free from water and oil.
Adequate separators and traps shall be provided. Installed in coolest part of the
system, they shall be regularly emptied to prevent carry over of water and oil.
Accumulations of oil and moisture shall be removed from the air receiver by regular
purging.
Air compressors shall not be allowed to deliver air a temperature in excess of 100°C.
Air nozzles shall e discarded and replaced when wear reaches 50%.
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Where air-operated equipment is used, the operator’s hood or head gear shall bee
ventilated by clean cool air served through a regulator filter, to prevent blast cleaning
residues from being inhaled.
Blast cleaning shall be performed with steel grit as abrasive. Particles show good
angularity of form with sharp cutting edges. The abrasive shall be free form oil,
grease, moisture, salts, and not be rusty, noticeably worn or dull when compared with
fresh material.
Blast cleaning shall not be conducted when the temperature of the surfaces is less
than 3°C dew point of the surrounding air or when the relative humidity of the air is
greater than 85%. The painting contractor shall furnish a humidity meter to
determine the relative humidity and the dew point. It is essential to ensure that no
condensation occurs on blasted steel and the most effective cleaning is obtained by
systematic even blasting.
Blast-cleaned surface shall be brushed with clean brushes made of hair, bristle or
fibre, blown-off with compressed air (free from oil and water) or vacuum-cleaned to
remove all traces of blast-cleaned products from the surface or from pockets and
corners.
Regular measurement of roughness of surface finish shall be carried out, using a flat-
ended, calibrated micrometer. The surface is then ground until the bottoms of the
deepest pits only are visible, and a further thickness measurement take. Suitable
instruments are the Elcometer surface profile meter or Mikrotest.
External tank surface, including caged ladder, railing, platform and nozzles shall be
painted with two coast, each of a 30 microns minimum thickness of heat-resisting
silicon aluminium paint.
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5.3.1 General
All paint be thoroughly stirred to give uniform consistency before use. The grade and
quantity of thinners shall be agreed with the paint supplier, excessive will be a cause
for rejection of the work. Paints supplied as more than one component shall be
thoroughly mixed in the proportions laid down by the supplier an applied within the
specified time limit after mixing (“pot life”).
Coatings containing heavy or metallic pigments that have a tendency to settle shall
be kept in suspension by a mechanical agitator o stirrer.
No paint shall be used which has jellified or which as thickened to such an extent
that too much thinner is required to bring it to brushing consistency.
The first coat of paint shall be applied as soon as possible after surface preparation,
but in any case on the same day and before rusting or contamination occurs. Each
layer of paint shall be allowed to dry for a period of time within the limits prescribed
by the paint manufacturer, before the next layer is applied
Particular attention be paid to the painting of corners, edges and welds, especially
with respect to the specified minimum dry-film thickness. All surfaces inaccessible
after assembly shall be fully painted before assembly.
Transport and construction of painted structures shall be carried out after sufficient
drying time. Damage to the paint system shall be avoided as much as possible by
taking appropriate measures such as the use of non-metallic slings, etc.
All steel plates shall be provided with a priming or coating to protect the steel
surfaces during the transport, storage construction and joining stages.
Hose and containers shall be thoroughly cleaned before addition of new materials.
The spray gun shall be held no closer than 200 mm or more than 600 mm from the
surface to be coated and shall always be held a right angle to the surface. Each spray
shall overlap the previous pass, large surfaces shall always receive passes in two
directions at right angles to each other. The equipment and atomizing pressure at the
regulators shall be adjusted until the desired spray pattern is found.
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Each coat is to be applied uniformly and completely over the entire surface. All runs
and sags shall be brushed out immediately or the paint shall be removed and the
surface be re-sprayed. Before spraying each coat, all areas such as corners, edges,
welds, small brackets, bolts, nuts and interstices shall be brush to ensure that these
areas have at least the minimum specified dry-film thickness.
- For applying the initial coat of paint to corners, edges, crevices, holes, welds or
other irregular surfaces prior to spray application.
Brushes used in brush application shall be of a style and quality that will permit
proper application of paint.
The brushing shall be done so that as smooth coat, as nearly uniform in thickness as
possible, is obtained. There should be no deep or detrimental brush marks. Paint shall
be worked into all crevices and corners. Runs and sags shall be brushed out.
During applications of each coat all areas such as corners, edges, welds, small
brackets, bolts, nuts and interstices shall receive additional paint to ensure that these
areas have at least the minimum specified dry-film thickness and to ensure continuity
of coating.
The principal shall have the right to inspect the paintwork at all stages and to reject
any and all tools, instruments, materials, stating or equipment or work, which do not
conform to this specification.
Contractor shall fulfill with all dry-film thickness limits as specified. If the film
thickness does not meet the specified value, (an) additional coat (s) shall be applied.
Film thickness shall be checked with calibrated film thickness gauges using the
magnetic resistance or eddy currents principle, such as “ELLCOMETER”
“LEPTOSKOP” “MIKROTES”, etc. The equipment shall be calibrated at least twice
daily in accordance with the manufactur’s recommendations.
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Any defect or damage that may occur shall be repaired before the application of
further coats; if necessary the particular surface (s) shall be made paint-free.
Areas which are to be overcoated shall be thoroughly cleaned free from grease, oil
and other foreign matter matter and shall be dry. The surfaces shall then be prepared
to the standard as originally specified.
If pinholes are present, they shall, depending on the extent, be treated as follows:
- If pinholes are few and local: the area shall be rubbed down and (an) additional
coat (s) shall be applied by brush.
- If the areas extensive the area shall be made paint-free and be repainted at the
contractor’s expense.
Finished paintwork shall have a correct degree of gloss and evenness and be free
from tackyness after drying and from cracks, pinholes, runs, sag, wrinkles,
patchyness, brush marks, or other defects that may affect quality of coating.
6. INSULATION
6.1 General
The insulation contractor shall supply the insulation materials, metal sheets and
fastening materials, unless otherwise stated by ISLA Refinery. The materials selected
shall comply with the requirements stated in this specification.
The overall quality of insulation system will depend of practical design, strict
adherence to this specification, stringent supervision and correct application.
Lugs and supports in tank shell and roof shall be insulated externally along a
minimum distance of 300 mm from their point of contact with the shell. Thermowell
bosses and instrument tappings shall be left clear of insulation.
All metal surfaces under insulation shall be suitably painted prior to installation of
insulation.
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6.2 Materials
Tank 2018 shall be insulated with 3” thick mineral wool blankets. The insulation
shall be in according with ASTM C 592, Class II, with the following amendments:
- The insulation shall be made of molten rock without binder. The minimum
density shall be 80 kg/m³.
- The insulation shall have one side stitched with galvanized wire or glass yarn
on to 0.7—0.9 mm galvanized wire mesh of 15.20 or 25 mm hexagonal
pattern.
The amount of leachable chloride in the insulation material before application shall
no exceed 10 mg/kg. The pH of all insulation materials shall be between 6 and 9 in
the wet condition. For the chemical analysis of insulation materials see ASTM C
871. No flammable materials shall be attached to the insulation. Insulation material
shall be free from asbestos.
Metallic jacketing shall be made of aluminium, half hard quality, meeting ASTM B
209M, alloy 1060, temper H14. Jacketing thickness shall be 1.5 mm.
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6.3 Instalattion
To reduce heat losses, insulation applied in two or more layers shall have staggered
joints.
Insulation design must incorporate several devices for preventing water entry. A
continuous welded water-retaining collar should be installed around all tank
protruding parts. Also, edge of tank roof shall be provided with rainwater shield.
The number of support and fixings penetrating the insulation should be reduced to an
absolute minimum. Fixing to walls and roofs should be of round shape and shall be
installed with a slight outward slope.
Tank insulation shall be protected with metal jacketing. The jacketing shall be
formed to size and furrowed in both longitudinal and circumferencial direction, with
a minimum overlap of 50 mm. Overlapping edges shall be fitted with rivets/screws
such that rainwater cannot penetrate.
Openings in the jacketing for nozzles, etc., shall be provided. These openings shall
be properly closed to prevent entry of water, with insulation collars or similar
devices.
The insulation material shall be kept thoroughly dry during and after its installation.
Depending on local weather conditions, metal jacketing should be fitted soon after
the insulation.
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1. GENERAL
1.2 The contractor shall be considering proximity to adjacent tanks, structures, pipes,
pipe racks and plant equipment which could involve a hazardous situation. The
contractor should to protect structures, pipes and pipe racks by installating scaffolds
and temporary platforms over them. Also, the contractor shall verify soil strength for
lofting work and provide high qualified perssonel for avoid accidents and damages in
adjacent tanks and plant equipments.
1.3 The prime consideration in tank demolition work is the need for safety. Specific
attention shall be given to inherent hazards to ensure that the associated risks are
minimized or eliminated. The contractor shall be thoroughly instructed on the ISLA
Refinery'’ regulations. A demolition plan should be prepared in according pressure
and allowable soil pressure. Contractor is responsible for supervision of all lifts.
ISLA Refinery (MTMR) will do a spot checking of lifting operations to his
discretion.
1.4 Site regulations will require the issue of clearence /safety certificates and hot
working permits. These certificates and permits shall be precise and explicit
regarding the work to be carried out and the precautions required. The work site shall
be checked regularly to ensure that the work permits remain valid, and gas checks
shall be carried out frequently both in and around the tank. The certificates/permits
should be re-issued or renewed as circunstances dictate.
1.5 The contractor shall provide and use standard safety equipment I. E. safety clothing,
harness, helmets and goggles.
1.6 The contractor shall ensure as far as is practical that all unauthorized personnel are
kept away from the work site, contractor shall submit to ISLA Refinery a safety
action plan, which is a part of demotion plan, which is a part of demolition plan.
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2. DEMOLITION WORK
2.1 The contractor for the demolition work shall state in demolition plan the type of
demolition equipment that will be use for this work, and shall submit to ISLA
Refinery Details of this equipment. The contractor shall verify both the access
required to enable this equipment to be moved safely within the work site and the
access required around the tank to permit this equipment to operate safely and
economically, subject to existing site limitations. The contractor shall submit to
ISLA Refinery results of such verification. Working area and access for tank
demolition shall be north of the tank 2018 location or the approved site for ISLA
Refinery. Contractor shall check for crane boom length.. The lifting plan show some
sketches for illustrating lifting operations.
2.2 Except for the fittings, instruments and accessories, that ISLA Refinery could wish to
retain, contractor shall be required to remove all demolished material from the work
site to a location approved by ISLA Refinery.
2.3 The tank shall be thoroughly cleaned and certified gas-free before it is handed over
to the contractor. This work shall be carried out in accordance with the ISLA
Refiner’s regulations and lifting requirements, involving as necessary the
maintenance and safety departments.
2.4 At certain stages during the demolition work, the effect of wind velocity on the shell
of tank may cause it to become unstable and liable to collapse during demolition,
specially after roof remotion. The shell shall be reinforced using braces or welding
spiders of welded steel shapes.
2.5 The contractor shall be held responsible in the event of an incident. A record of
proceedings shall be kept to facilitate investigations if an incident happens.
2.6 The demolition work must be closed off by a shield, this can be done using scaffold
poles and canvas, tarpaulin, galvanized steel sheet or another material to contains the
sparks. This material must be at least the height of the hot work which is being
executed.
2.7 It is recommended that tank roof is removed in one piece by crane. The roof tank
shall be contractor. If state of roof prohibit access to it, an operator will need to work
from above the roof, form A crane supported platform or cabin. Cutting of roof at the
perifery should be done from this cabin and personnel should not be allowed on the
roof. The roof may be lightened by removing fittings and hatch covers. If roof is in
bad condition, contractor must to reinforce it with steel shapes. Lifting lugs may be
welded to this shapes. Then the roof has been removed, it shall be cut in plates for
easy transportation. Suggested size is 2.00 x 1.00 meters.
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2.8 The tank shell shall be dismantled preferably course by course, commencing at the
top and working downwards. In order to ensure stability of the tank shell against
gusts, it shall be braced or guyed. Before the course is actually removed, the plates
shall be precut along the weld line leaving. Approximately 100mm uncut every
metre. The weight of the shell plate should then be taken by a crane before the final
cuts are made. Number of courses cut for demolition of tank must to be reduced as
much as possible. The removed shell course then shall be cut in plates for easy
transportation. Suggested plate size is 2.00 x 1.00 meters.
2.9 Once the precutting has been carried out, the tank shell becomes very vulnerable to
wind. It is therefore important to ensure that any such courses shall be removed
before a week-end shutdown and preferably also at the end of each day.
2.10 The lifting capacity of the crane shall be adequate to meet the weight of the roof and
shell courses. Demolition plan will show details of crane.
2.11 Demolition of tank is carried out toward the end of the work and is usually a simple
process of cutting the steel plates in sizes of easy remotion and transportation from
the site of work. Suggested plate size is 2.00 x 1.00 meters.
2.12 Prior to commencement of demolition, the tank shall be fill with water to a depth of
0,2 metres to quench sparks and hot metal. Cleaning nozzle of tank shall be bolted.
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4.2.1.pdf
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2. Hacer una breve descripción del alcance del proveedor y enumerar los equipos
a ser fabricados. (llenar formato N° 1-3100-021-R0).
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12. Preparación para el envío y almacenaje: indicar las medidas a seguir para evitar
el deterioro del equipo y de las piezas durante el envío y el almacenaje,
tomando en cuenta las condiciones del sitio y del medio de transporte. (usar
formato N° I-3100-022-R0).
16. Listar todos los documentos y planos que deberá emitir el fabricante, cantidad
y en que período del proyecto deberá entregarlos (cotización, aprobación,
manuales y distribución final). (usar formato N° I-3100-024-R0).
17. Anexar a la requisición copia del contenido del Data Book y formato para el
certificado de fabricación.
18. Preparar el paquete para licitación, presentar junto con la requisición copias de
los documentos indicados en la lista de anexos.
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4.3.2.pdf
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4.3.3.ppt
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5. ASEGURAMIENTO DE CALIDAD
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