LA VOZ PASIVA

En la voz pasiva se destaca la acción y no quien la realiza. En la oración pasiva quien realiza la
acción carece de importancia o es desconocido.
Tanto en inglés como en español existen 2 voces:

 La voz activa

 La voz pasiva
TIPOS DE PASIVA

En inglés existen 2 tipos de pasiva:

 la pasiva de objeto directo

 la pasiva de objeto indirecto

CAMBIOS DE VOZ ACTIVA A VOZ PASIVA
Cuando se pasa una oración en voz activa a voz pasiva hay una serie de cambios a tener en
cuenta:
El sujeto de la voz activa pasa a ser el sujeto agente (by + agent)
El objeto de la voz activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la voz pasiva
El verbo de voz activa cambia a voz pasiva (to be + participio)

E.g.: He cooks the food

Sujeto verbo objeto
activo

E.g.: The food is cooked by him

Sujeto verbo agente
Paciente pasivo

PASIVA DE OBJETO DIRECTO

El objeto directo de la oración activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la oración pasiva:
Voz activa:

Sujeto Verbo C. Directo

AGENTE VOZ ACTIVA PACIENTE

Luis buys a book

Luis compra un libro

Voz pasiva:

Sujeto Verbo Complemento

PACIENTE VOZ PASIVA PACIENTE

A book is bought by Luis

 Un libro es comprado por Luis

PASIVA DE OBJETO INDIRECTO

Este tipo de pasiva no existe en español. Es usada cuando se quiere destacar el complemento
indirecto en lugar del complemento directo.
Voz activa:

Sujeto Verbo Complemento Directo C. Indirecto

AGENTE VOZ ACTIVA

I offer a job to Tom

Yo le ofrezco un trabajo a Tom

Voz pasiva:

Sujeto Verbo Complemento Directo Complemento

PACIENTE VOZ PASIVA PACIENTE

Tom is offered a job (by me)

A Tom le es ofrecido un trabajo (por mi)

Formación de la pasiva

LA VOZ PASIVA CON VERBOS CON DOS OBJETOS

Algunos verbos van seguido con dos objetos, uno de persona (indirecto) y otro de cosa (directo).
Ej. They gave John a warm welcome
Indirecto directo
La forma más frecuente de hacer la pasiva de estos verbos es que el complemento indirecto pase
a ser el sujeto de la pasiva. Es menos frecuente que el complemento directo pase a ser el sujeto.
Ej.: They gave John a warm welcome
Indirecto directo

John was given a warm welcome (frecuente)

A warm wecolme was given to John (infrecuente)

En general la pasiva se forma añadiendo el verbo to be + el participio del verbo, vamos a repasar
como se forman cada uno de los tiempos verbales en inglés:
PRESENTE SIMPLE (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + am/are/is + PARTICIPIO

Pasiva Significado

I am beaten yo soy golpeado

you are beaten tú eres golpeado

he is beaten él es golpeado

we are beaten nosotros somos golpeados

 you are beaten vosotros sois golpeados

they are beaten ellos son golpeados

PRESENTE CONTINUO (pasiva)
La forma es:
SUJETO + am/are/is being + PARTICIPIO

Pasiva Significado

I am being beaten yo estoy siendo golpeado

you are being beaten tú estás siendo golpeado

he is being beaten él está siendo golpeado

we are being beaten nosotros estamos siendo golpeados

you are being beaten vosotros estáis siendo golpeados

they are being beaten ellos están siendo golpeados

FUTURO SIMPLE (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + will be + PARTICIPIO

Pasiva Significado

I will be beaten yo seré golpeado

you will be beaten tú serás golpeado

he will be beaten él será golpeado

we will be beaten nosotros seremos golpeados

you will be beaten vosotros seréis golpeados

they will be beaten ellos serán golpeados

FUTURO GOING TO (pasiva)

La estructura es:
SUJETO + am/are/is going to be + PARTICIPIO

Pasiva Significado

I am going to be beaten yo voy a ser golpeado

you are going to be beaten tú vas a ser golpeado

 he is going to be beaten él va a ser golpeado

we are going to be beaten nosotros vamos a ser golpeados

you are going to be beaten vosotros vais a ser golpeados

they are going to be beaten ellos van a ser golpeados

EL PASADO SIMPLE (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + was/were + PARTICIPIO

Pasiva Significado

I was beaten yo fui golpeado

you were beaten tú fuisteis golpeado

he was beaten él fue golpeado

we were beaten nosotros fuimos golpeados

you were beaten vosotros fuisteis golpeados

they were beaten ellos fueron golpeados

EL PASADO CONTINUO (pasiva)
La forma es:
SUJETO + were/was being + PARTICIPIO

Pasiva Significado

I was being beaten yo estuve siendo golpeado

you were being beaten tú estuviste siendo golpeado

he was being beaten él estuvo siendo golpeado

we were being beaten nosotros estuvimos siendo golpeados

you were being beaten vosotros estuvisteis siendo golpeados

they were being beaten ellos estuvieron siendo golpeados

La pasiva con los verbos modales

La arquitectura es:

SUJETO + VERBO MODAL + be + PARTICIPIO

 CAN
The file cannot be saved
El fichero no puede ser guardado
You could be eaten by a lion
Tú pudiste ser comido por un león
MAY
A car may be stolen
Un coche puede ser robado
The accident might be caused by poor visibility
El accidente pudo ser causado por la poca visibilidad
MUST
Respect must be earned
El respeto debe ser ganado
EJERCICIOS

1 Escribe las palabras que faltan en las siguientes oraciones. Fíjate en el ejemplo:

1. Children  are taught not to shout in public.

1. Taxes ___________ raised last year.
2. I ___________ told not to go back to the place.
3. You _________ hit by a football.
4. She _________ accused of fraud.
5. We _________ rewarded for our good grades.

2. RESCRIBE LAS ORACIONES DE ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

1. They will give you the information later.

2. I think they will find the cure for cancer.
3. Tommy will know Machu Picchu ruins in Peru.
4. The workers will complete the new road in the next year.
5. My sister will send a letter to my mother.
6. Paul is going to repair the car.
7. My boss sent me detailed instructions.
8. Sam’s friend solved the problem.
9. My brother forgot his wallet at the bank.
10. The little girl is drawing her pet.
11. She dropped her bag in the train.
12. My brother takes his medicine every day.

[Link] las siguientes oraciones en voz pasiva.

1. They arrested her last week. a. THE ROOM HAS JUST BEEN CLEANED
2. John wrote a letter. b. A NEW HOUSE WILL BE BUILT
3. They invited ten friends to the party. c. TWO CARS WERE REMOVED FROM THE STREET
4. They have just built a new house. d. THE THIEVES WERE CAUGHT BY THE POLICE YESTERDAY
5. The police caught the thieves yesterday. e. A NEW HOUSE HAS JUST BEEN BUILT
6. The maid will clean all the house for tomorrow. f. WEEK I WAS HIT BY MOTHER
7. My brother hit me. g. ALL THE HOUSE WILL BE CLEANED BY THE MAID FOR TOMORROW
8. They removed two cars from the street. h. TEN FRIENDS WERE INVITED TO THE PARTY
9. They have just cleaned the room. i .SHE WAS ARRESTED LAST WEEK 
10. We will build a new house. j. A LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY JHON
4. Escribe las siguientes frases en la voz pasiva
1 Mark Twain wrote "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" in 1876.  _________________________
2 They make many movies in Hollywood _______________________________
3 The students will give a presentation tomorrow. ____________________________________
4 Someone has stolen my bike!  ____________________________________
5 We receive the newspaper everyday.  ____________________________________
6 The children have eaten the cookies.  ____________________________________
7 We will complete the renovations next week.  ____________________________________
8 They pay us every Friday.  ____________________________________
9 Did they deliver your new sofa?  ____________________________________
5 Completa las siguientes oraciones usando algunos de estos verbos en la forma correcta
de la voz pasiva:
Cause damage hold invite make
Overtake show surround traslate write
[Link] accidents _____ by dangerous driving.
[Link] _____from milk.
3. The roof of the building _____ in a storm a few days ago.
4. You _____to the wedding. Why didn`t you go?
5. A cinema is a place where film _____
6. In the United States, elections for president _____every four years.
[Link] the book WAS WRITTEN in Spanish, and a few years ago _____ into English.
8 .Althoug we were driving quite fast, we ____ by a lot other cars.
9 .You can´t see the house from the road. It ____ by trees.

6. Elige la opción que corresponde a la voz activa de la oración dada en voz pasiva.
2. He was dismissed last month.
They were dismissed last month.
They dismissed him last month.
3. The car was invented in the twentieth century.
Someone invented the car in the twentieth century.
Someone invents the car in the twentieth century.
4. The cake was made by the children.
The children have made the cake.
The children made the cake.
5. The book was written in two months.
I wrote the book in two months.
I will write the book in two months.
6. We were saved by the police.
The police have saved us.
The police saved us.
7. The car has been taken to the garage.
I took the car to the garage.
 I have taken the car to the garage.