FLUJO DE FLUIDOS

APÉNDICE F Dimensiones de tuberías de acero

TABLA F.1 Cédula 40

Tamaño Nominal
Diámetro exterior Espesor de Pared Diámetro interior Área de Flujo
de Tubería
(plg) (plg) (mm) (plg) (mm) (plg) (pies) (mm) 2
(pies ) (m2)
1/8 0.405 10.3 0.068 1.73 0.269 0.0224 6.8 3.94 E-04 3.660 E-05
1/4 0.540 13.7 0.088 2.24 0.364 0.0303 9.2 7.23 E-04 6.717 E-05
3/8 0.675 17.1 0.091 2.31 0.493 0.0411 12.5 1.33 E-03 1.236 E-04
1/2 0.840 21.3 0.109 2.77 0.622 0.0518 15.8 2.11 E-03 1.960 E-04
3/4 1.050 26.7 0.113 2.87 0.824 0.0687 20.9 3.70 E-03 3.437 E-04
1 1.315 33.4 0.133 3.38 1.049 0.0874 26.6 6.00 E-03 5.574 E-04
1 1/4 1.660 42.2 0.140 3.56 1.380 0.1150 35.1 0.01039 9.653 E-04
1 1/2 1.900 48.3 0.145 3.68 1.610 0.1342 40.9 0.01414 1.314 E-03
2 2.375 60.3 0.154 3.91 2.067 0.1723 52.5 0.02333 2.168 E-03
2 1/2 2.875 73.0 0.203 5.16 2.469 0.2058 62.7 0.03326 3.090 E-03
3 3.500 88.9 0.216 5.49 3.068 0.2557 77.9 0.05132 4.768 E-03
3 1/2 4.000 101.6 0.226 5.74 3.548 0.2957 90.1 0.06868 6.381 E-03
4 4.500 114.3 0.237 6.02 4.026 0.3355 102.3 0.08840 8.213 E-03
5 5.563 141.3 0.258 6.55 5.047 0.4206 128.2 0.1390 0.01291
6 6.625 168.3 0.280 7.11 6.065 0.5054 154.1 0.2006 0.01864
8 8.625 219.1 0.322 8.18 7.981 0.6651 202.7 0.3472 0.03226
10 10.750 273.1 0.365 9.27 10.020 0.8350 254.5 0.5479 0.05090
12 12.750 323.9 0.406 10.31 11.938 0.9948 303.2 0.7771 0.07219
14 14.000 355.6 0.437 11.10 13.126 1.094 333.4 0.9396 0.08729
16 16.000 406.4 0.500 12.70 15.000 1.250 381.0 1.227 0.1140
18 18.000 457.2 0.562 14.27 16.876 1.406 428.7 1.553 0.1443
20 20.000 508.0 0.593 15.06 18.814 1.568 477.9 1.931 0.1794
24 24.000 609.6 0.687 17.45 22.626 1.886 574.7 2.792 0.2594

TABLA F.2 Cédula 80

Tamaño Nominal Diámetro exterior Espesor de Pared Diámetro interior Área de Flujo
de Tubería
2
(plg) (plg) (mm) (plg) (mm) (plg) (pies) (mm) (pies ) (m2)
1/8 0.405 10.3 0.095 2.41 0.215 0.01792 5.5 2.53 E-04 2.350 E-05
1/4 0.540 13.7 0.119 3.02 0.302 0.02517 7.7 4.97 E-04 4.617 E-05
3/8 0.675 17.1 0.126 3.20 0.423 0.03525 10.7 9.76 E-04 9.067 E-05
1/2 0.840 21.3 0.147 3.73 0.546 0.04550 13.9 1.63 E-03 1.510 E-04
3/4 1.050 26.7 0.154 3.91 0.742 0.06183 18.8 3.00 E-03 2.787 E-04
1 1.315 33.4 0.179 4.55 0.957 0.07975 24.3 4.99 E-03 4.636 E-04
1 1/4 1.660 42.2 0.191 4.85 1.278 0.10650 32.5 8.910 E-03 8.278 E-04
1 1/2 1.900 48.3 0.200 5.08 1.500 0.12500 38.1 0.01227 1.140 E-03
2 2.375 60.3 0.218 5.54 1.939 0.1616 49.3 0.02051 1.905 E-03
2 1/2 2.875 73.0 0.276 7.01 2.323 0.1936 59.0 0.02944 2.735 E-03
3 3.500 88.9 0.300 7.62 2.900 0.2417 73.7 0.04590 4.264 E-03
3 1/2 4.000 101.6 0.318 8.08 3.364 0.2803 85.4 0.06174 5.736 E-03
4 4.500 114.3 0.337 8.56 3.826 0.3188 97.2 0.07986 7.419 E-03
5 5.563 141.3 0.375 9.53 4.813 0.4011 122.3 0.1263 0.01173
6 6.625 168.3 0.432 10.97 5.761 0.4801 146.3 0.1810 0.01682
8 8.625 219.1 0.500 12.70 7.625 0.6354 193.7 0.3174 0.02949
10 10.750 273.1 0.593 15.06 9.564 0.797 242.9 0.4986 0.04632
12 12.750 323.9 0.687 17.45 11.376 0.948 289.0 0.7056 0.06555
14 14.000 355.6 0.750 19.05 12.500 1.042 317.5 0.8521 0.07916
16 16.000 406.4 0.842 21.39 14.314 1.193 363.6 1.117 0.1038
18 18.000 457.2 0.937 23.80 16.126 1.344 409.6 1.418 0.1317
20 20.000 508.0 1.031 26.19 17.938 1.495 455.6 1.755 0.1630
24 24.000 609.6 1.218 30.94 21.564 1.797 547.7 2.535 0.2344

Mecánica de Fluidos Autor: MOTT, ROBERT L. Editorial: PRENTICE HALL

 PROPIEDADES TERMOFÍSICAS DEL AGUA SATURADA
Adaptado principalmente de NIST Chemistry Webbook, SRD 69 ([Link] Algunos datos tomados de Poling (2000) y Çengel (2015).

Se indica en el encabezado si los valores han sido multiplicados por un factor constante. Por ejemplo: μ ×10³ = 1.7918 significa μ = 1.7918×10−³ Pa·s.

LÍQUIDO SATURADO VAPOR SATURADO

T P ρ cP h μ ×10³ k Pr σ ×10³ β ×10⁴ λ ρ cP h μ ×10⁶ k Pr
°C bar kg/m³ kJ/kg·K kJ/kg Pa·s W/m·K — N/m K−¹ kJ/kg kg/m³ kJ/kg·K kJ/kg Pa·s W/m·K —
0 0.0061121 999.792 4.2199 −0.04 1.7918 0.5610 13.478 75.648 −0.6760 2500.94 0.004851 1.8843 2500.90 9.2160 0.01707 1.0173
③ 0.01 0.0061165 999.793 4.2199 0.00 1.7912 0.5610 13.472 75.646 −0.6742 2500.91 0.004855 1.8844 2500.91 9.2163 0.01707 1.0173
2 0.007060 999.89 4.213 8.39 1.674 0.565 12.49 75.37 −0.3305 2496.17 0.005563 1.886 2504.56 9.26 0.0172 1.017
4 0.008135 999.93 4.208 16.8 1.567 0.569 11.60 75.08 −0.0005 2491.4 0.006365 1.888 2508.2 9.31 0.0173 1.017
6 0.009354 999.89 4.203 25.2 1.472 0.572 10.81 74.80 0.3085 2486.7 0.007266 1.890 2511.9 9.36 0.0174 1.017
10 0.01228 999.65 4.196 42.0 1.306 0.580 9.447 74.22 0.8757 2477.2 0.009407 1.895 2519.2 9.47 0.0176 1.017
15 0.01706 999.06 4.189 63.0 1.138 0.589 8.086 73.49 1.506 2465.4 0.01284 1.900 2528.3 9.59 0.0179 1.017
20 0.02339 998.16 4.184 83.9 1.002 0.598 7.004 72.74 2.066 2453.5 0.01731 1.906 2537.4 9.73 0.0182 1.017
25 0.03170 997.00 4.182 104.8 0.890 0.607 6.130 71.97 2.571 2441.7 0.02308 1.912 2546.5 9.87 0.0186 1.017
30 0.04247 995.61 4.180 125.7 0.797 0.615 5.415 71.19 3.032 2429.8 0.03042 1.918 2555.5 10.01 0.0189 1.017
35 0.05629 993.99 4.180 146.7 0.719 0.623 4.823 70.40 3.457 2417.9 0.03967 1.925 2564.5 10.16 0.0192 1.016
40 0.07385 992.18 4.180 167.5 0.653 0.631 4.328 69.60 3.853 2406.0 0.05124 1.931 2573.5 10.31 0.0196 1.016
45 0.09595 990.17 4.180 188.4 0.596 0.637 3.910 68.78 4.224 2394.0 0.06556 1.939 2582.4 10.47 0.0200 1.015
50 0.1235 988.00 4.182 209.3 0.547 0.644 3.553 67.94 4.575 2381.9 0.08315 1.947 2591.5 10.62 0.0204 1.015
55 0.1576 985.66 4.183 230.3 0.504 0.649 3.247 67.10 4.909 2369.8 0.1047 1.955 2600.1 10.77 0.0208 1.014
60 0.1995 983.16 4.185 251.2 0.466 0.654 2.983 66.24 5.229 2357.7 0.1304 1.965 2608.8 10.93 0.0212 1.014
65 0.2504 980.52 4.187 272.1 0.433 0.659 2.753 65.37 5.536 2345.4 0.1615 1.975 2617.5 11.10 0.0216 1.014
70 0.3120 977.73 4.190 293.1 0.404 0.663 2.552 64.47 5.834 2333.0 0.1984 1.986 2626.1 11.26 0.0221 1.013
75 0.3860 974.81 4.193 314.0 0.378 0.667 2.376 63.58 6.123 2320.6 0.2422 1.999 2634.6 11.43 0.0225 1.013
80 0.4741 971.77 4.197 335.0 0.354 0.670 2.220 62.67 6.405 2308.0 0.2937 2.012 2643.0 11.59 0.0230 1.014
85 0.5787 968.59 4.201 356.0 0.333 0.673 2.081 61.75 6.682 2295.3 0.3539 2.027 2651.3 11.76 0.0235 1.014
90 0.7018 965.30 4.205 377.0 0.314 0.675 1.958 60.82 6.954 2282.5 0.4239 2.043 2659.5 11.93 0.0240 1.015
95 0.8461 961.88 4.210 398.1 0.297 0.677 1.847 59.87 7.223 2269.5 0.5049 2.061 2667.6 12.10 0.0245 1.016
100 1.01325 958.35 4.216 419.2 0.282 0.679 1.749 58.91 7.489 2256.4 0.5982 2.080 2675.6 12.27 0.0251 1.017
110 1.434 950.9 4.228 461.4 0.255 0.682 1.580 56.96 8.016 2229.6 0.8269 2.124 2691.1 12.61 0.0262 1.021
120 1.989 943.1 4.244 503.8 0.232 0.683 1.441 54.97 8.545 2202.1 1.122 2.177 2705.9 12.96 0.0275 1.027
130 2.703 934.7 4.261 546.4 0.213 0.684 1.327 52.93 9.078 2173.7 1.497 2.239 2720.1 13.30 0.0288 1.035
140 3.615 926.1 4.283 589.2 0.197 0.683 1.232 50.86 9.624 2144.3 1.967 2.311 2733.4 13.65 0.0301 1.047
150 4.762 917.0 4.307 632.2 0.182 0.682 1.152 48.74 10.19 2113.7 2.547 2.394 2745.9 13.99 0.0316 1.060
160 6.182 907.4 4.335 675.5 0.170 0.680 1.085 46.59 10.77 2082.0 3.260 2.488 2757.4 14.34 0.0331 1.077
170 7.922 897.5 4.368 719.1 0.160 0.677 1.029 44.41 11.39 2048.8 4.122 2.594 2767.9 14.68 0.0347 1.096
180 10.03 887.0 4.405 763.1 0.150 0.673 0.982 42.19 12.05 2014.2 5.159 2.713 2777.2 15.03 0.0364 1.118
190 12.55 876.1 4.447 807.4 0.142 0.669 0.943 39.95 12.75 1977.9 6.395 2.844 2785.3 15.37 0.0382 1.143
200 15.55 864.7 4.496 852.3 0.134 0.663 0.910 37.67 13.50 1939.7 7.861 2.990 2792.0 15.71 0.0401 1.171
210 19.08 852.7 4.551 897.3 0.128 0.657 0.884 35.38 14.32 1899.6 9.588 3.150 2797.3 16.06 0.0421 1.202
220 23.20 840.2 4.615 943.6 0.122 0.650 0.863 33.07 15.22 1857.4 11.62 3.329 2800.9 16.41 0.0442 1.237
230 27.97 827.1 4.688 990.2 0.116 0.641 0.847 30.74 16.22 1812.7 13.99 3.528 2802.9 16.76 0.0464 1.276
240 33.47 813.4 4.772 1037.6 0.111 0.632 0.837 28.39 17.34 1765.4 16.75 3.754 2803.0 17.12 0.0487 1.319
250 39.76 798.9 4.870 1085.8 0.106 0.621 0.832 26.04 18.60 1715.2 19.97 4.011 2800.9 17.49 0.0513 1.369
260 46.92 783.6 4.986 1135.0 0.102 0.609 0.832 23.69 20.03 1661.6 23.71 4.308 2796.6 17.88 0.0540 1.425
270 55.03 767.5 5.123 1185.3 0.097 0.596 0.838 21.34 21.70 1604.4 28.07 4.656 2789.7 18.28 0.0571 1.490
280 64.17 750.3 5.289 1236.9 0.094 0.581 0.851 18.99 23.66 1543.0 33.16 5.073 2779.9 18.70 0.0606 1.565
290 74.42 731.9 5.493 1290.0 0.090 0.565 0.872 16.66 26.00 1476.7 39.13 5.582 2766.7 19.15 0.0647 1.652
300 85.88 712.1 5.750 1345.0 0.086 0.547 0.902 14.36 28.87 1404.7 46.17 6.220 2749.6 19.65 0.0696 1.755
310 98.65 690.7 6.085 1402.2 0.082 0.529 0.946 12.09 32.49 1325.7 54.54 7.045 2727.9 20.21 0.0758 1.877
320 112.84 667.1 6.537 1462.2 0.078 0.509 1.007 9.86 37.21 1238.4 64.64 8.159 2700.6 20.85 0.0839 2.027
330 128.58 640.8 7.186 1525.9 0.075 0.489 1.095 7.70 43.68 1140.2 77.05 9.753 2666.0 21.61 0.0949 2.219
340 146.01 610.7 8.208 1594.5 0.070 0.469 1.234 5.63 53.30 1027.3 92.76 12.24 2621.8 22.55 0.111 2.447
350 165.29 574.7 10.12 1670.9 0.066 0.447 1.490 3.67 69.92 892.7 113.6 16.69 2563.6 23.82 0.136 2.925
360 186.66 527.6 15.00 1761.7 0.060 0.426 2.126 1.88 107 719.8 143.9 27.36 2481.5 25.72 0.182 3.877
365 198.21 495.7 21.41 1817.8 0.057 0.416 2.920 1.08 147 605.2 166.3 41.80 2422.9 27.20 0.225 5.056
370 210.44 451.4 45.16 1890.7 0.052 0.425 5.532 0.39 257 443.8 201.8 96.60 2334.5 29.68 0.324 8.853
372 215.54 422.3 102.1 1935.3 0.049 0.467 10.72 0.16 452 340.3 226.8 207.4 2275.5 31.53 0.438 14.93
ⓒ373.99 220.64 322.0 ∞ 2083.1 0.047 ∞ 0 ∞ 0 322.0 ∞ 2083.1 47.0 ∞
OTROS DATOS: M = 18.015 g/mol. c P○ = 1.7896 + 1.0674 × 10 −4 T + 5.8562 × 10 −7T 2 − 1.9956 × 10 −10 T 3 ( c P○ en kJ/kg·K, T en K, 273 K – 1800 K).
ρ hielo = 961.7 kg/m³ a 0 °C. λ fus = 333.6 kJ/kg a 0 °C.
③ – punto triple. ⓒ – punto crítico. T – temperatura de saturación. P – presión de saturación. ρ – densidad. cP – capacidad calorífica a presión constante.
h – entalpía. μ – viscosidad. k – conductividad térmica. Pr – número de Prandtl. σ – tensión superficial. β – coeficiente de expansión térmica.
λ – entalpía de vaporización. M – peso molecular. c P○ – capacidad calorífica de gas ideal a presión constante. λ fus – entalpía de fusión.

REVISIÓN 6 – 91388.19
Densidad del agua líquida entre 0 °C y 100 °C [Link]

Software destacado
Generadores de Colecciones de Ejercicios y Problemas [Link]/gp/[Link]

WinVal - Valoraciones ácido-base [Link]/soft_edu/[Link]

HEstadis - Herramientas de Estadística y Probabilidad [Link]/soft_edu/[Link]

EABW - Equilibrios ácido-base para Windows [Link]/soft_edu/[Link]

SDES - Simulador de destilaciones para Windows [Link]/soft_edu/[Link]

FunGraf - Gráficas de funciones matemáticas [Link]/soft_edu/[Link]

Presión externa: 1 atm = 101 325 Pa

Temperatura Densidad Temperatura Densidad Temperatura Densidad

°C kg / m3 °C kg / m3 °C kg / m3
0 (hielo) 917,00 33 994,76 67 979,34
0 999,82 34 994,43 68 978,78
1 999,89 35 994,08 69 978,21
2 999,94 36 993,73 70 977,63
3 999,98 37 993,37 71 977,05
4 1000,00 38 993,00 72 976,47
5 1000,00 39 992,63 73 975,88
6 999,99 40 992,25 74 975,28
7 999,96 41 991,86 75 974,68
8 999,91 42 991,46 76 974,08
9 999,85 43 991,05 77 973,46
10 999,77 44 990,64 78 972,85
11 999,68 45 990,22 79 972,23
12 999,58 46 989,80 80 971,60
13 999,46 47 989,36 81 970,97
14 999,33 48 988,92 82 970,33
15 999,19 49 988,47 83 969,69
16 999,03 50 988,02 84 969,04
17 998,86 51 987,56 85 968,39
18 998,68 52 987,09 86 967,73
19 998,49 53 986,62 87 967,07
20 998,29 54 986,14 88 966,41
21 998,08 55 985,65 89 965,74
22 997,86 56 985,16 90 965,06
23 997,62 57 984,66 91 964,38
24 997,38 58 984,16 92 963,70
25 997,13 59 983,64 93 963,01
26 996,86 60 983,13 94 962,31
27 996,59 61 982,60 95 961,62
28 996,31 62 982,07 96 960,91
29 996,02 63 981,54 97 960,20
30 995,71 64 981,00 98 959,49
31 995,41 65 980,45 99 958,78
32 995,09 66 979,90 100 958,05
Calor específico del agua entre 0 °C y 100 °C [Link]

Temp. Calor específico Temp. Calor específico Temp. Calor específico

kJ kcal kJ kcal kJ kcal
°C K·kg K·kg °C K·kg K·kg °C K·kg K·kg
0 (hielo) 1,960 0,468 34 4,178 0,999 68 4,189 1,001
0 4,217 1,008 35 4,178 0,999 69 4,189 1,001
1 4,213 1,007 36 4,178 0,999 70 4,190 1,001
2 4,210 1,006 37 4,178 0,999 71 4,190 1,001
3 4,207 1,005 38 4,178 0,999 72 4,191 1,002
4 4,205 1,005 39 4,179 0,999 73 4,192 1,002
5 4,202 1,004 40 4,179 0,999 74 4,192 1,002
6 4,200 1,004 41 4,179 0,999 75 4,193 1,002
7 4,198 1,003 42 4,179 0,999 76 4,194 1,002
8 4,196 1,003 43 4,179 0,999 77 4,194 1,002
9 4,194 1,002 44 4,179 0,999 78 4,195 1,003
10 4,192 1,002 45 4,180 0,999 79 4,196 1,003
11 4,191 1,002 46 4,180 0,999 80 4,196 1,003
12 4,189 1,001 47 4,180 0,999 81 4,197 1,003
13 4,188 1,001 48 4,180 0,999 82 4,198 1,003
14 4,187 1,001 49 4,181 0,999 83 4,199 1,004
15 4,186 1,000 50 4,181 0,999 84 4,200 1,004
16 4,185 1,000 51 4,181 0,999 85 4,200 1,004
17 4,184 1,000 52 4,182 1,000 86 4,201 1,004
18 4,183 1,000 53 4,182 1,000 87 4,202 1,004
19 4,182 1,000 54 4,182 1,000 88 4,203 1,005
20 4,182 1,000 55 4,183 1,000 89 4,204 1,005
21 4,181 0,999 56 4,183 1,000 90 4,205 1,005
22 4,181 0,999 57 4,183 1,000 91 4,206 1,005
23 4,180 0,999 58 4,184 1,000 92 4,207 1,005
24 4,180 0,999 59 4,184 1,000 93 4,208 1,006
25 4,180 0,999 60 4,185 1,000 94 4,209 1,006
26 4,179 0,999 61 4,185 1,000 95 4,210 1,006
27 4,179 0,999 62 4,186 1,000 96 4,211 1,006
28 4,179 0,999 63 4,186 1,000 97 4,212 1,007
29 4,179 0,999 64 4,187 1,001 98 4,213 1,007
30 4,178 0,999 65 4,187 1,001 99 4,214 1,007
31 4,178 0,999 66 4,188 1,001 100 4,216 1,008
32 4,178 0,999 67 4,188 1,001 100 (gas) 2,080 0,497
33 4,178 0,999

[Link]
Viscosidad dinámica del agua líquida a varias temperaturas [Link]

Temperatura Viscosidad Temperatura Viscosidad Temperatura Viscosidad

dinámica dinámica dinámica
°C kg / (m·s) °C kg / (m·s) °C kg / (m·s)
0 0,001792 34 0,000734 68 0,000416
1 0,001731 35 0,000720 69 0,000410
2 0,001674 36 0,000705 70 0,000404
3 0,001620 37 0,000692 71 0,000399
4 0,001569 38 0,000678 72 0,000394
5 0,001520 39 0,000666 73 0,000388
6 0,001473 40 0,000653 74 0,000383
7 0,001429 41 0,000641 75 0,000378
8 0,001386 42 0,000629 76 0,000373
9 0,001346 43 0,000618 77 0,000369
10 0,001308 44 0,000607 78 0,000364
11 0,001271 45 0,000596 79 0,000359
12 0,001236 46 0,000586 80 0,000355
13 0,001202 47 0,000576 81 0,000351
14 0,001170 48 0,000566 82 0,000346
15 0,001139 49 0,000556 83 0,000342
16 0,001109 50 0,000547 84 0,000338
17 0,001081 51 0,000538 85 0,000334
18 0,001054 52 0,000529 86 0,000330
19 0,001028 53 0,000521 87 0,000326
20 0,001003 54 0,000512 88 0,000322
21 0,000979 55 0,000504 89 0,000319
22 0,000955 56 0,000496 90 0,000315
23 0,000933 57 0,000489 91 0,000311
24 0,000911 58 0,000481 92 0,000308
25 0,000891 59 0,000474 93 0,000304
26 0,000871 60 0,000467 94 0,000301
27 0,000852 61 0,000460 95 0,000298
28 0,000833 62 0,000453 96 0,000295
29 0,000815 63 0,000447 97 0,000291
30 0,000798 64 0,000440 98 0,000288
31 0,000781 65 0,000434 99 0,000285
32 0,000765 66 0,000428 100 0,000282
33 0,000749 67 0,000422

[Link]
 SIMBOLGIA PARA EL LABORATORIO

Rev.2016 21 de 28