Lic.

Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book

Greetings (saludos) Say hello! Farewells (despedidas) Say “goodbye”
Good morning (buen día) / good afternoon (buena tarde) I’ll walk you out te acompaño
Good evening (you say “hello”) / Good night (you say “bye”) Take care! ¡cuidate¡
Hello. How are you? Hola ¿Cómo estás? Call me when get there llámame cuando llegues
I’ll call you back te hablo después
I’m good thanks for asking. (bien, gracias por preguntar)
Call me back when you can (tú puedas)
What about you? ¿Qué hay de ti? I’m doing well (estoy bien), So far, so good (hasta Bye, get well soon Adiós, que te mejores pronto
ahora todo bien), Not too bad (no está tan mal), I can’t complain (no me puedo quejar) I’ll text you te escribiré un mensaje
Hi, How’s it going? Hola ¿Cómo te va? / Hi! There / Hey! What’s up? que onda See you later / tomorrow hasta luego/ mañana
Long time no see! ¡Cuanto tiempo sin verte!. See you next week te veo el próxima semana
How have you been? ¿Cómo has estado? Some as always / as usual (igual que See you around nos vemos
siempre), I don’t feel good today (no me siento bien hoy) See you soon hasta pronto
See you then te veo luego
It’s so nice to see you again! We should meet again next week
See you after (antes) / before (después) work
Fue tan lindo verte otra vez! Deberíamos vernos otra vez la siguiente semana Have a good day que te vaya bien
What have you been up to? ¿Qué has estado haciendo? No much, really Have a great night ten una linda noche
What are you up to lately? ¿Qué estás haciendo ultimamente? Have a nice weekend ten un lindo fin de semana
I’ve been very busy yo he estado muy ocupado. Working a lot / studying a lot Have fun ¡que te diviertas!
How is everything at home? ¿Cómo va todo en casa? Have a safe trip ten un buen viaje
How is your job? ¿Cómo va el trabajo? The same to you lo mismo para ti
Drive safely. Let’s talk later
How is your family? They’re great. I’m happy to hear that (escuchar eso)
Be good pórtense bien
How was your day/ week/ weekend? ¿Cómo estuvo tu día/ semana/ fin de semana? I’m running late se me hace tarde It’s getting late
Did you sleep well? ¿Dormiste bien? I slept well last night, thanks for asking I’m leaving / I’m off me voy. I have a class later
I slept like a log como un tronco / I overslept me dormí I have to go/ I gotta go me voy
I dreamed about you last night (soñé contigo anoche) I’ll catch you up! Te alcanzaré

Introduce yourself Vocabulary for classroom

I’m glad to be here. How do you say …“?”… in English? ¿Cómo se dice …... en inglés?
My first name is (mi primer nombre) What does …?…mean in Spanish? ¿Qué significa…….…en español?
My middle name is (mi segundo) What’s this called in English? ¿Cómo se llama esto en inglés?
My full name is ………………… Translate, understand, listen, write, read Traducir, entender, escuchar, escribir
But my nickname is ……………… I have a question Tengo una pregunta
What’s your name? My name is Excuse me, professor. May I come in? Disculpe. ¿Puedo entrar?
By the way (a propósito), my name I arrived late cause of the traffic Llegue tarde a causa del tráfico
Nice to meet you (mucho gusto) Excuse me. Can I go out? Disculpe. ¿Puedo salir?
Nice to meet you too! (también) Can I speak in Spanish? ¿Puedo hablar en español?
- It’s a pleasure (es un placer) May I go to the bathroom? ¿Puedo ir al baño?
- Likewise (igualmente) Can you repeat, please? ¿Puede repetir, por favor?
Where are you from? I’m from Can you help me, professor? ¿Puede ayudarme, profesor?
I’ve lived in Potosí my entire life. Can you check my answers? ¿Puede revisar mis respuestas?
Cool! Tell me about …It’s amazing/ Let me check / see Déjame ver
beautiful/ wealthy/ cold / warm. Do you have any questions? ¿Tienen preguntas?
May I ask your age? No problem. No question. Everything’s clear No hay preguntas. Todo está claro.
How old are you?¿Qué edad tiene? Who knows the answer? I know it ¿Quién sabe la respuesta? Lo sé
Do you study or work? I’m not sure/ beats me No estoy seguro
What do you do after school/ work? I have no idea to be honest No tengo idea para ser honesto
I go out with friends/ I do homework Give me a sec. I need more time, please. Deme un segundo. Necesito + tiempo
What career are you in? I’m at Take your time and think about it. Tómate tu tiempo y piénsalo.
Which year are you in? I get it / I didn’t catch that Entiendo / No entendí eso
I’m a first/ second/ third year student Do you need help? It’s Ok/ no problem/ ¿Necesitas ayuda? Esta bien /No hay
What day is today? It’s Monday no worries. I think I can handle it problema, creo que puedo manejarlo
What are you like? ¿Cómo eres? Are you ready? Not yet ¿Están listos? Aún no
How’s the weather today? Have you finished yet? Yes, I have ¿Han terminado?
It’s cold / sunny/ cloudy/ rainy Take out your book / Put away your book Saca tu libro / Guarda tu libro
Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend? Repeat after me / one more time Repita después de mi / una vez más
I’m not interested in dating Everyone pay attention/ listen to me Todos presten atención / escuchen me
I’m focus on my career / studies Carry on / keep going / go on Continua
Do you have any pets? Yes, I do Could you slow down a bit, please? ¿Puede hablar un poco más lento?
I have two dogs and one cat Could you speak up a bit? I can’t hear you ¿Puede hablar más fuerte?
What’s your cat’s name? its name’s Time is running out/ Time is up El tiempo se está acabando/ Se acabo
What is a place you want to travel? Can I stand up? Can I throw this (esto)? ¿Puedo levantarme?¿Puedo tirar?

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Vocabulary for classroom
How can I pronounce this word? ¿Cómo puedo pronunciar esta palabra?
How do you spell? ¿Cómo se escribe?
 Can I borrow a pen?  ¿Me presta un lapicero?
Textbook, notebook, paper, pencil, ruler Texto, cuaderno, papel, lápiz, regla
 By any chance. Do you have a pencil? No, I don’t  Por si acaso. ¿Tienes un lápiz? No, no tengo
 But thanks anyway  Pero gracias de todas formas
 Of course, here you go  Por supuesto. Aquí tienes
 Thanks a lot, I really appreciate it  Gracias, Realmente lo aprecio.
 You’re welcome, that’s so kind of you, I owe you one  De nada, es muy amable de tu parte, te debo una
 No problem / No worries  No hay problema / No te preocupes
 It’s ok / it’s my pleasure  Está bien / Es un placer

Can I request a one-week leave? ¿Solicito una licencia de una semana?

Can I stand up? Can I throw this? ¿Puedo levantarme? ¿Puedo tirar esto?
Can I pick up my cellphone? ¿Puedo contestar mi teléfono?
Can I open/ close the door? ¿Puedo abrir/ cerrar la puerta?
Can you turn on /off the light? ¿Puede encender / apagar la luz?
Let’s begin, let’s get started, let’s practise Vamos a empezar / empecemos
Well done / pretty good. Keep it up Bien hecho / bastante bien. Sigue así
The pattern of pronunciation
What, can, want, bad Ght-t = right, fight a-ei = late, lazy, crazy o-u do, today, movie u-a hungry, study, funny
where, when, very, then w-u = know, swim ay–ei = say, day maybe ir-er = girl, thirsty dirty o-ou = go close open so
live, listen to, big, think oo – u good, look al-ol always tall, small ul-ol = beautiful, awful a-o = talk, walk, awake
work, hot, bored, for ee-i = sleep, need ea-e= learn, early ready e-i =pretty, here enjoy a-e many, wait, care, fare
Y – i angry, happy, boy ea-i =speak, really a =u coat road coach Th-d = the, this, that o-a =now how come out
Y – ai = why? because i-ai like exciting find ea-ei = break, great th = z everything h-j have/has, help, hard

a /ei/ ee /i:/ i /ai/ y /ai/

(favorite, classmate, safe, pale, amazing) (see, freezing, free, feel, sleepy) (time tired, nice wife, quiet) (dry, try, cry, fly )
favorito, compañero, seguro, pálido azombroso ver helado, libre, sentir sueño tiempo cansado, bonito esposa, callado, seco, tratar, llorar, volar
o /u/ oo /u/ o /a/ u /a/
(together, tomorrow who) (food, fool choose restroom) (nothing,about, outgoing, proud of) (sunny, ugly, lucky, fun, chubby but lunch)
juntos mañana quién comida, tonto, escoger, baño nada, acerca de, sociable, orgulloso de soleado, feo suerte divertido gordo pero comida
ea /i/ au /o/ ous /es/ ea /e/
(read eat easy leave hear, tease) (naughty daughter exhausted) (nervous famous jealous delicious, gorgeous) (weather dead health)
leer, comer, fácil, irse escuchar molestar travieso, hija agotado nervioso, famoso, celoso delicioso guapísimo clima, muerto, saludable
al /ol/ a /e/ ir-ur /er/ g /ch/
(all, almost, call, fall, false) (anything, appreciate, afraid of) (hurt, furry, Thursday, bird) (language, change massage message)
Todo casi llamar, caerse falso algo, apreciar miedo de lastimar, peludo, jueves, pájaro idioma, cambiar, masage, mensaje
a e i
(charming laugh, sad, fat, fast, far, naive) (friend, friendly, best, expensive, interesting, tell) (bring, sick /ill, slim/thin, ticket, dinner)
encantador, reír, triste, gordo, rápido, lejos, ingenuo amigo, amigable, mejor, caro interesante decir traer, enfermo, delgado boleto, cena
y /i/ o o /ou/ u ou /u/
(buy, party, very, only) (job, spoiled, boring strong, cocky, worried) (cold old nosy) (sure, rude cruel, true) (should, would,group)
comprar, fiesta muy solo trabajo mimado aburrido fuerte arrogante preocupado frío, viejo curioso seguro grosero cruel cierto deber –ria, grupo
le/li /ol/ u /iu/ ul /ol/ ai /e/
(evil, devil little, pencil, table, travel, single) (use, uniform, cute,Tuesday) (difficult joyful, stressful, playful) (chair, hair, again, fair)
malvado, diablo pequeño, lápiz, mesa, viajar soltero usar, uniforme, lindo, martes difícil, alegre, estresante, juguetón silla, cabello, otra vez justo
a /u/ ou /a/ gh/f/ o /e/ u /i/
(throat soap gloat , roast) (rough, tough, young, touch, enough, couple, country) (women, second, common) (busy, business, biscuit
(garganta jabón presumir asado) (áspero, duro, joven, tocar, bastante, pareja, país) mujeres, segundo, común ocupado, negocio, galleta

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
USAGE OF VERB TO BE (ser o estar, tengo)
I am I’m I’m not Am I ? Yo soy (*) Yo estoy (&) Yo tengo ($)
You are You’re You aren’t Are you? Tú eres* Tú estás Tú tienes
He is He’s He isn’t Is he? Él es* Él está Él tiene
She is She’s She isn’t Is she? Ella es* Ella está Ella tiene
It is It’s It isn’t Is it? es está tiene
We are We’re We aren’t Are we? Nosotros somos* Nosotros estamos Nosotros tenemos
You are You’re You aren’t Are you? Ustedes son* Ustedes están Ustedes tienen
They are They’re They aren’t Are they? Ellos/ ellas son* Ellos/ ellas están Ellos/ ellas tienen

The cat is on the table In (en) For (por)

On Monday, Tuesday, Thursday I’m in the classroom Thank you for coming
Special dates: On wedding day, on my She’s in Potosí Thank you for being here
birthday, on mother’s day Expressions: I’m interested IN sports I’m sorry for hurting you
Dates: On March 29th , On July first Of (de) For three day
On duty (de guardia /turno) Afraid of (miedo de), Proud of (orgulloso de), I’m not in the mood for going out
By mistake (por error), by myself I’m a fan of terror movies (soy fanático de) (estar de humor para)

Professions * Where are you from? Adjective*

What is your job? ¿De donde eres tú? I am from Peru What kind of person are you?
¿Cuál es tu trabajo? She is from Beni. He`s from Beni too ¿Qué tipo de persona eres tú?
I am a doctor ( yo soy un doctor ) ……………………………………. I am a good person
She is an engineer (ingeniera) We………not in the mood today …………………..………………
………………………………….. ………………………………… You’re so pretty (tan bonita)
Ella es una novata (a rookie) …….…you a fan of thriller movie? …………………………………….
………………………………….. ………………………………………. The weather is awful today (hoy)
Nosotros somos doctores (doctors) I………glad to have you back …………………….…………………
………………………………….. ……………………………………….. They’re interested IN sports
Él está en la carrera de ingeniería ……………………………………….. …………………………………..
(at engineering career) ¿Cuándo (When) es tu cumpleaños They ………..here FOR three days
………………………………….. (birthday)? Es el 29 de marzo ……………………………………..
…………………………………... ……………………………………… ……….your birthday ON March 3?
Nosotros estamos en la carrera de ……………………………………… …………………………………….
derecho (at law career) I’m short seventy-two dollars ¿Tú estás de turno esta noche (tonight)?
………………………………….. Me faltan ……………………………. ……………………………………..
Position/place (&) Age (edad) ($) (tener) State ($) (tener)
Where are you? ¿Dónde estas? How old are you? Are you cold? ¿Tienes frio?
I’m at cinema (yo estoy en el cine) (¿Cuantos años tienes?) Yes, I’m – No, I’m not
She….. in the park (en el parque) I’m 24 years old -Tengo 24 años He’s hot (calor)
…………………………………. She….. almost (casi) forty years old …………………………………
He….. always at home (en casa) …………………………………… He is thirsty (sed) again
………………………………….. She ……. almost 18 years old ……………………………………
The cat ….. never on the table …………………………. She is always right (razón)
…………………………………… He ……. still (aún) 17 years old ………………………………….......
We ……. at work (en el trabajo) …………………………. Yo tengo aún miedo (afraid)
…………………………………… María aún tienes 19 años de edad ...........................................................
He ……. here by mistake …………………………………… Él siempre tiene suerte (lucky)
.................................................. Carlos casi tiene 21 años de edad ...................................................……
I………in Potosí for three day …………………………………… Él tiene hambre (hungry) otra vez
…………………………………… She looks like young. She …..35 ……. ……………...............................
She …….an incredible person ……………………………………… Ella tiene celos de su amiga (jealous of)
……………………………………… He’s turning 50 (está cumpliendo 50) ……………………………………….

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Prepositions I
At (a las, en) Expressions Allergic to
it’s AT 8:00 o’clock On holiday, On TV, On the radio, On the phone, Married to (casado con alguien)
I’m at home, at work, at school, at the On strike, On diet, On fire, On page, On my way, To go to aunt Susana’s house
university, at the party, office, a meeting To Juan (por Juan: brindis)
on my mind, on me (invito), on the fence
(reunión) With (con): Angry with (enojado)
At your mother’s house (indecisa) Pregnant (embarazada) with Peter
Good / bad AT something Are you on social media / facebook? About (acerca de)
I am good at sports I’m on the fence about the new job Worried about, Excited about
mad at (enojado con) I’m crazy about you
I dreamed about you last night
amazed at (azombrado de)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Rule: S + V + C S+ V+ not +C V + S + C?
Edgar ……totally lost (perdido) She …….. not a nosy woman Where……your dog?
………………………………………… ……………………………………. …………………………………
I ……….lost for words (palabras) Your boss ….…not at a meeting What ……..you worried about?
……………………………………….. ……………………………………. …………………………………
She……….speechless (sin palabras) I……… not busy at the moment ¿Eres bueno en los deportes?
………………………………………. …………………………………… …………………………………
It…….on the third floor (piso) Peter no es alérgico a la leche (milk) ¿Ana está a dieta?
……………………………………….. …………………………………….. …………………………………
Ellos están enojados con Maria Ella no está casada con un doctor ¿Estás en la casa de tu madre?
……………………………………….. …………………………………….. …………………………………
Es mi día libre (day off) hoy (today) No soy loco por ella (her) …………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………. ¿Tú estás embarazada de él
Yo estoy en la universidad Yo no estoy enojado contigo (him)?
……………………………………….. ……………………………………. ………………………………….
Nosotros estamos en la fiesta Él no está en la fiesta ¿La comida es rica (tasty)?
………………………………………. ……………………………………. ………………………………….
Adjectives:Rule: S + V + C S+ V+ not +C V + S + C?
Yo soy una buena persona Yo no soy una buena persona ¿Tú eres demasiado malo?
I am a good person I’m not a good person …………………………….
Tú eres demasiado (too) malo (bad) Tú no eres malo ¿Él está ocupado (bussy)?
………………………………………. ………………………………… …………………………………
Mis labios (lips) están sellados (sealed) Él no es un muchacho malo ¿Ella es tan (so) encantadora?
………………………………………. …………………………………… …………………………………
Mi hermana es encantadora (charming) Ella no es tan encantadora ¿Tú hermano (your brother) es
……………………………………… …………………………………… guapo (handsome)?
Es un muy lindo (nice) día (day) No hace calor (hot) …………………………………
It …………………………. It ……………………………… ¿Ustedes son pareja (couple)?
Luis está loco por (crazy about) Mary Ellos no son de aquí (from here) …………………………………
………………………………………. …………………………………… ¿Ellos están enamorados (in
Mis hermanos son gordos (chubby) Ustedes no están enojados con Lian love)?
…………………………………………. ……………………………………. …………………………………
Susana es un lindo (nice) nombre (name) Ellos no son muy inteligentes ¿Qué edad (how old) tiene ella?
………………………………………. …………………………………… …………………………………
Mis hermanas son tan jovenes (so young) Ellas no tan son jovenes ¿Cómo está tu herida (injury)?
……………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
SIMPLE PRESENT
my mother 1. If a verb ends in –S, -SH, –CH, -X , add -ES. But if the verb ends in a vowel + y, the “y” does not
SHE Wash – washes (lavar) miss - misses (extrañar) change.
your brother But GO and DO are different. They add –ES Play plays (jugar) Pray prays (rezar)
HE Go – goes (ir) Do - does (hacer) Say says (decir) Enjoy enjoys (disfrutar)
IT 2. If the verb ends in a consonant +y the “ Y” 3. Irregular verbs: HAVE / HAS (tener)
changes to –ies. Fly – flies (volar) 4. Most verbs add –S in the third person: talk talks
TO EXPRESS A HABIT: Use the simple for things in general or things that happen repeatedly. (Never (nunca), sometimes
(algunas veces), often (frecuentemente), usually (usualmente), always (siempre) barely (a penas))
Put –s, -es and –ies. Example: mess up – messes up desordenar, arruinar
guess……….adivinar find …………encontrar speak …………hablar Focus …..on enfocarse
ask ………preguntar go ...........ir /go out salir start …………...empezar Wait…….for esperar
buy ……comprar meet ……conocer steal …………robar Hold….on esperar
do …………hacer need …….necesitar wear …………vestir Get…..over supercar
drive ……conducir stop ……detenerse work ………..trabajar Get…..by defenderse
feel ………sentir swim………nadar miss ………….perder Explain ….. to explicar
have …………tener try ……………tratar settle ………establecerse Ask ……for pedir
know…………saber walk ………….caminar spend ......pasar Talk……to hablar con
remember…..recordar want …………querer answer .............responder Look ……at mirar
lossen ……….relajar wash ………lavar believe ………..creer Listen …..to escuchar
meet…………conocer write ………escribir forget …………olvidar Step …..away alejarse
read …………leer bark ……at ladrar get …………conseguir Mess……up arruinar
run ………….correr move ……..moverse learn ………aprender Freak…..out asustarse
study ……….estudiar fail ……….reprobar leave………….marcharse Flirt….. wih coquetear
catch …………atrapar cook …………cocinar scratch …………arañar Put …..on ponerse
skip ………….saltar, omitir eat ……………comer see ……………ver Try ……on probarse
nag ……agobiar, molestar enjoy…………disfrutar sleep ………dormir Make ….up solucionar
quit ………dejar, renunciar fix …………arreglar stay …………quedarse
Show…. up aparecer
pass ………..aprobar hate …………odiar watch ………………mirar
grab………….agarrar, coger heal…………curar scold…./ lecture regañar Sneak …..out escabullirse
deal …………..resolver rain ………..….llover grab……. Agarrar Cheat…..on engañar
bury ……….enterrar say ……………decir drop…….caer Pull…..over detener
gain…….ganar deny …………negarse forgive….. perdonar Show …..off presumir
attend ……asistir, ir deserve ……merecer deliver……entregar (home) kick……patear, out botar
dump……tirar, botar trip……tropezar have ……a crush on gustar cut…..back recortar
overdo……….exagerar gamble……..apostar oversleep quedarse dormido lie…….to mentir
become ……llegar a ser Hang …..out salir possess…..by jealousy celos figure….out resolver/entender
count …on contar con Rely…….on contar con hang …..up colgar lose….by a hair perder por un
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I / you/ we/ they have I / you/ we/ they don’t have Do I / you/ we/ they have?
She/ he/ it has She/ he/ it doesn’t have Does she/ he/ it have?
Have do listen say
……. she love Miguel? Yes, she does
My sister…. loves… Miguel She ………………… Miguel
……………………………………
Juan …………………nothing. He ……………………anything
……………………………………
Marco ……………to the music He ………………to the music
…………………………………….
Alex ………… his homework He ………………his homework
…………………………………….
Maria …………….. a nice cat She ……………… a nice cat

Like sleep have study Like sleep have study Do you look for a new house?
You look for a new house You don’t look for a new house Yes, we do / No, we don’t
I …………………….. my job I …………………….. my job ………………………………………
You ………………… in my bed You ………………… in my bed ………………………………………
They ………………….a lot They ……………………….a lot ………………………………………
We ……………..a new car We ……………….…. a new car ……………………………………..

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Put in order: Come - listen – open – cry (gritar, llorar) - get (conseguir) – want – live – go - have
Affirmative: -S –ES -IES Negative (don’t (I, you, we, they) doesn’t (she, he, it))

She ………………. a question (have) …………………………………………………..

A family of mice ……………in a store (live) …………………………………………………..
One day my mother ……………out (go) …………………………………………………..
The storekeeper ………….a big, black cat (get) …………………………………………………..
My husband ………………..to be alone (want) …………………………………………………..
Ariel ……………something in the trees (listen) …………………………………………………..
The boy …………….his eyes. It is a wolf. (open) …………………………………………………..
I ………….to hand this in by tomorrow (have) …………………………………………………..
The boy ……………..“Wolf, Wolf!” (cry) …………………………………………………..
Interrogative: where/ how many sisters/ what/ why + do (I, you, we, they) does (she, he, it) + S + V+O?
1. What / they /have problem?................................................................................................
2. He /Why /run away? …………………………………………………………………………………….
3. go online/ When /Katty? ..............................................................................................................................
4. He/ a wise woman/ talk to/ Why? ………………………………………………………………………
5. You/how many times/ post on Internet? .....................................................................................................
Put the verbs in the correct order and then do sentences in affirmative, negative and interrogative form
Talk – have- speak- eat –talk – teach- come – come

Affirmative: S, ES Negative (don’t (I, you, we, they) doesn’t (she, he, it))

The animals ………….. our food (eat) ……………………………………………………….

Vladimir …………. .to a wise woman (talk) ……………………………………………………….
Rubby ………………mathematics.(teach) ……………………………………………………….
My brothers ……………a big problem (have) ……………………………………………………….
A strange man ……………to the town (come) ……………………………………………………….
Margaret……………four languages (speak) ……………………………………………………….
Interrogative: where/ what time/ how long/ what/ why + do (I, you, we, they) does (she, he, it) + S + Vinf ?
1. Where/live/your parents?) ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. (You/ What time/get up?) ……………………………………………………………......................................
3. (How long/ here/ you /stay?) …………………………………………………………………………………..
4. (You/want/ what/ for dinner?) …………………………………………………………………………………
5. (get mad at everything /he / why?) …………………………………………………………………………….
6. (Juan/catch a cold (resfriar)/Why) …………………………………………………………………………….
7. (catch up on the schoolwork/Jose?)……………………………………………………………………………
8. (your brother /drink like a fish beber demasiado)…………………………………………………………….
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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Exercises
SIMPLE PRESENT 3. (Juan/ What time/ do his homework/ at home?)
I) Ordena las oraciones y añade las –S, -ES, -IES ……………………………………………………………
SUJETO + VERBO + OBJETO 4. (How often / go to volleyball practice / she?)
1. Carla always……… (do) her homework
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
2. My mother ………..(have) some beautiful eyes 5. (you/ What time/ to bed on school nights/ have to go?)
………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
3. I …………………(remember) to take out the trash today 6. What kind of man /women ………you like?
…………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………….
4. Julia ……….(have) a bad temper (carácter)
…………………………………………………… IV) Translate
5. we………..(need) to cut back on expenses (gastos) Ex. Tu tienes (have) que ser (be) honesto
………………………………………………… You have TO be honest ………………………………….
6. My cat always ……………(catch) mice in my house)
…………………………………………………… 1. Ella trabaja (work) horas extras (overtime)
7. You always………………(catch up) on the schoolwork ……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………… 2. Carlos tiene que trabajar esta noche (tonight)
8. Carla never …………..(stop) talking ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… 3. Lucy se ve guapísima (look gorgeous) esta noche
9. Antonio always…….. (go) to high school in the morning ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………. 4. Yo estoy cansada (tired). Me voy a la cama (go to bed)
10. Sofia always ………(cry) for everything ……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………… 5. ¿Tú estás bien? Te miras pálido (look pale)
II. Vuelve las oraciones a negativas: do not / does not ……………………………………………………………
I like eating pizza – I don’t like eating pizza 6. ¿Eres bueno en los deportes (good at sports)? Me
He has much homework-He doesn’t have much homework defiendo (get by)
1. I want to watch this movie on TV ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… 7. Ella es una novata (a rookie). Ella no tiene experiencia
2. Manuel likes doing his homework (have experience)
……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
3. Peter enjoys to take the dog out. ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… 8. Ellos son hermanos (siblings) pero (but) pelean como
4. Manuel travels to Sucre by bus gato y perro (fight like cat and dog)
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………
5. We have to clean our bedroom every day ……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………. 9. ¿Tú publicas en la redes sociales (Post on social media)?
6. My brother has to take out the trash ……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………. 10. Yo no quiero (want) salir (go). Yo tengo sueño (be
7. You want to go to College next year sleepy)
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………
8. Daniel likes getting up early at weekend ……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………. 11. Rosa es una novata (rookie). Ella no tiene (not have)
9. They want to stay in this hotel now experiencia (experience)
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………
10. She does many things in her free time. ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… What kind of person ……. you?
III. Ordena y coloca DO and DOES en las preguntas: What ….. you look like?
Ejemplo: WHERE do you live? What…..your email address? - (underscore) @ (at) . (dot)
WHAT does Manuel want? What 2 words best describe you?
Do you eat pizza? What……. your favourite kind of music?
1. (you / in your free time/ do / What/?) What….…your favorite movie?
…………………………………………………………… Who …….. the housework in your family?
2. (my mother/ How often/ your room/clean?) What animals …… you scared of?
What……… the name of the last movie you saw?
……………………………………………………………
How many siblings …… you have?
…………………………………………………………… ….. your first trip abroad? ¿Es tu primer viaje al extranjero?

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
UNIT 1
VERB TO BE (am – is - are)
Ser o estar (tener: edad y estados psicológicos)
I am I’m AM I? Yes, you are / Not, you aren’t / Not,
you’re not
You are You’re ARE you? Yes, I am / Not, I’m not
Maria, your sister She is She’s IS she? Yes, she is / Not, she isn’t / Not,
she’s not
Juan, your brother He is He’s IS he? Yes, he is / Not, he isn’t Not, he’s not
Everyone (todos) no one, nobody (nadie), is Is anybody at office? Nobody
someone (alguien)
Cat, everything (todo), something (algo), a it is It’s IS it? Yes, it is / Not, it isn’t
box of candy
Marco and I, all (todos) of us We are We’re ARE we? Yes, you are / Not, you’re not/ Not,
None (ninguno) of us you aren’t
Both (ambos) of you, all of you You are You’re ARE you? Yes, we are / Not, we’re not
Children, women, men, girls
All of them, none of them, all of these They are They’re ARE they? Yes, they are / Not, they aren’t
houses, some of my friends

PRONOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES OBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS

I ( yo) My ( mi, mis) Me ( yo, mi, me) Mine (mío, mía)

You ( tú) Your (tu, tus) You ( tú, ti, te, tigo) Yours (de ti)
She (ella) Her (su, sus) Her (ella, la, le) Hers (de ella)
He ( él) His ( su, sus) Him (él, lo, le) His (de él)
It (animales-objetos) Its (su, sus) It (el, lo, ella) Its (de él/ ella)
We ( nosotros) Our (nuestro, nuestros) Us ( nosotros, nos) Ours ( de nosotros)
You (Uds.) Your (su/sus) You (Ustedes.) Yours (de ustedes)
They (Ellos, Ellas) Their /der/ (su, sus) Them (Ellos, ellas) Theirs (de ellos/ellas)
I’m a universitary / collegiate …….. brother is a doctor (I) Call……..…anytime (I) Whose? De quién
You are a good friend ………house is small. (I) ………………………………. Whose money is this?
Mary is my student and…….. is ……...classmates are (you) She’s interested in ……. (he) It’s mine. (es mio)
an excellent student ………. hair is beautiful (she) ……………………………… Whose glasses are these?
Daniel is happy with his family ………mother is a vet (he) Do you like ……...(he)? They are hers. Son de ella
and ……is nice with his friends ……. behavior is terrible (he) ………………………………. Whose dog is this?
Rufo is friendly and…….is smart …..…husband is bad (she) He makes …..…. laugh (I) It’s theirs (es de ellos)
The table is long and……is in …….. house is old (it) ……………………………… Whose hat is this?
the kitchen. ……… face is dirty (you) Do you like …..…(I)? It’s his. (es de él)
Carlos, Mario and I are in the ………girlfriend is Belen (he) He’s angry with ……….(he) Whose books are these?
university and………are the best ……….family is good (you) I’m mad at ……….(she) They’re ours
friends. ……… sister is kind (we) Give it to ……... (they) Whose car is this?
Your parents are at home. …….. ball is new (it) Believe …... or not! (it) It’s theirs
……………..are watching TV ……… team is excellent (we) catch …….. up (I) Whose is this?
Sonia, Carlos and Mary are fat ……… eyes are nice (you) Who is calling ….....? (you) It’s yours (es tuyo)
but………..are happy ……….father is good (he) I owe (deber)……..one (you) What’s your name?
Luisa is good but ….…..is a little ………cat is lost (we) I’ll wrap …... up for you (it) My name’s … and yours?
bit picky (exigente) ……….brother is bad (he) Wish (desear)……... luck (I)

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
USAGE OF VERB TO BE (ser o estar, tengo)
Usage of verb to be
Weather (clima) hacer Age (edad) tener States (estado) tener
cool fresco, hot caliente, cold frío, How old are you? Hot (calor), cold (frío), thirsty (sed),
sunny soleado, warm templado, ¿Qué edad tienes? hungry (hambre), lucky (suerte),
wet húmedo, dry seco, rainy I’m 14 years old (años) jealous of (celos de), reason (razón),
lluvioso, windy ventoso, snowy ………………………………………… sleepy (sueño), careful (cuidado), in a
nevoso, cloudy, nublado, It’s foggy You aren’t 12 years old hurry (prisa), afraid of/ scared of (miedo
/ misty (hay niebla) ………………………………………… de), fond of (cariño por), curious
How’s the weather today? Is Marcela only 16 years old? (curioso),
¿Cómo está el clima hoy? ………………………………………… I’m very hot. Can you open the
Today is very (mucho) cold We’re almost 18 years old window?
……………………………………… ………………………………………… ……………………………………………
What’s your favourite month (mes) of Carla isn’t still 17 years old ………………..…………..………………
the year (año)? ………………………………………… You’re cold. Bundle up (abrigate)
Spring, summer, autumn, fall/winter ¿Qué edad tiene Juan? Tiene 12 ………………………………………….…
Hace calor en primavera (in the años My aunt Susana is hungry
Spring) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………….. ¿Qué edad tiene tu madre? Estamos tan cansados (tired). Nosotros
……………………………………… ……………………………………….. tenemos mucho sueño (sleepy)
What’s the temperature? It’s five Mi madre tiene 45 años ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
degrees below zero. The Winters
¿Qué edad tiene tu enamorado/a? ¿Te gusta las películas de terror (terror
here are harsh (duro). That’s ………………………………………. movies)? No, tengo miedo
freezing temperature ………………………………………. ……………………………………………
……………………………………… Yo soy un adulto (an adult). Tengo ……………………………………………
……………………………………… 28 ……………………………………………
……………………………………… ……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………. ¿Tienes miedo de (afraid of ghosts)?
………………………………………
Él tiene 30 pero (but) actua como ……………………………………………
……………………………………… un niño (acts like a child) ……………………………………………
¿Hace frío en invierno en Potosí? ………………………………………………… ¿Susan tiene celos de su amiga?
……………………………………… ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………………… ……………………………………………

What is your occupation/ job? Where do you study? What kind of person are you?
What do you do? ¿Dónde estudias? ¿Qué tipo de persona eres?
What’s your mayor?
Elementary school teacher (¿Cuál es tu carrera universitaria?) Outgoing –sociable
Secondary Education teacher At Mechanical engineering career afraid/ scared - miedoso
Waiter / waitress mesero/ mesera At Social work trabajo social career amazing - expectacular
Housewife ama de casa At Civil engineering career angry – enojado, bad - malo
Businessman empresario At Psychiatrist career boring – aburrido, brave – valiente,
Storekeeper /salesman vendedor Accounting - contabilidad bright – brillante, careful – cuidadoso
Craftsman / woman artesano (a) Business administration careless – descuidado, charming –
Handyman personal de mantenimiento Nutritional science encantador, cute – tierno, sweet -dulce
Janitor conserje, Gatekeeper portero Agronomy engineering dated – anticuado, quiet- tranquila
Actress actrís / actor Nursing enfermería demanding - caprichoso
Lawyer abogado Physical therapy evil – malvado, mean - malvado
Secretary, Singer – cantante Architecture friendly – amistoso, funny – gracioso,
Surgeon cirujano Economics fun – divertido, good – bueno, jealous
Locksmith cerrajero Psychology grumpy – gruñon, great – genial
Administrator Law derecho happy –feliz, clumsy torpe
Writer escritor Computer / System engineering hard-working - trabajador
Athlete atleta Statistics quiet – tranquilo, shy tímido
Auditor auditor Linguistic and languages

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Translate
Job/occupation: afirmativo “Ser” Negativo Interrogativo
Rule: S + V + C S+ V+ not +C V + S + C?
Yo soy un ingeniero Yo no soy un ingeniero ¿Dónde estás? Estoy en la casa de mi tía
I am an engineer I am not an engineer (at aunt’s house)
Mi cumpleaños es el 29 de marzo Tú no estás en casa ahora (now) ……………………………….
………………………………………. …………………………………… ……………………………….
Yo tengo miedo a los ratones (mice) Él no está en su trabajo ¿Él es un portero? No, he isn’t
………………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………….
Sara es una buena cocinera (cook) Ella no está en la escuela ¿Es una cocinera? Yes, she is
……………………………………….. …………………………………. ………………………………
Mi esposa y yo somos escritores (writer) Nosotros no somos pareja (couple) ¿Cuándo (When) es tus cumpleaños?
………………………………………. …………………………………… ………………………………
Ustedes son profesores (teachers) Los niños no están en la escuela ¿Ustedes son profesores?
………………………………………… …………………………………… ………………………………
Mis amigos son estudiantes (students) Yo no estoy de humor hoy What …… your plans for the afternoon?
………………………………………… …………………………………….. ………………………………………
Mis padres son ingenieros (engineers) Ellas no están interesadas en ¿Tú estás preocupado por el examen?
……………………………………….. ……………………………………. ………………………………………..
Adjectives:Rule: S + V + C S+ V+ not +C V + S + C?
Yo soy una buena persona Yo no soy una buena persona ¿Yo soy una buena persona?
I am a good person I’m not a good person Am I a good person?
Tú eres un perro que ladra y no muerde Yo no estoy de humor para clases de ¿Tú eres muy malo?
(all bark and no bite) inglés (in a mood for English …………………………….
……………………………………………. classes) ¿Él es un muchacho muy rico?
Juan es muy sociable (outgoing) …………………………………… …………………………………
…………………………………………….. …………………………………… ¿Ella es encantadora?
Él tiene miedo hasta de su propia sombra Él no está emocionado por su cita …………………………………
(afraid of his own shadow) …………………………………… ¿Hace calor aquí (here)?
……………………………………………. …………………………………… …………………………………
Es un muy lindo (nice) día (day) Ella no es tan encantadora ¿Somos personas pobres?
It …………………………………………. …………………………………… …………………………………
tú eres bueno en matemáticas (at math) al No hace calor. It ……………….. ¿Ustedes son personas honestas?
menos (at least) Nosotros no somos personas pobres …………………………………
………………………………………. …………………………………… ¿Ellos están al límite de su paciencia?
Tú llegas tarde como siempre (as usual) Ustedes no son personas honestas (at the end of my rope)
…………………………………………. ……………………………………. ……………………………………..
Tengo un presupuesto (on a budget) Ellos no son muy inteligentes …………………………………….
………………………………………. …………………………………… ¿Cuál es la moraleja? (the moral of the
Mis hermanas son jovenes (young) Ellas no están en casa (at home) story)
……………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………….
Estoy aquí (here)………………………. Él no es alérgico al mani (peanut) ……………………………………….
Soy todo oídos (all ears) ……………………………………. ¿Cuál es tu sabor favorito de helado?
…………………………………………… Yo no soy buena para los deportes (favourite ice cream flavor)
Él está ocupadísimo (busy as a bee) …………………………………… …………………………………………
……………………………………………. Juan no esta interesado en ti ¿Cuál es tu edad (age)?
Mi padre es un poco serio (kind of serious) …………………………………… …………………………………………
……………………………………………. No estoy interesada en ti De cualquier manera (anyway) ¿qué es?
A propósito (by the way), mi nombre es ………………………………………… ………………………………………….
Jorge ……………………………………… Mi amigo no está casado con Julia ¿Tú estás mareada (dizzy)?
…………………………………………….. ……………………………………… ………………………………………….

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
VERB TO BE (AM – IS – ARE) ser o estar, tengo
affirmative negative interrogative
I am I’m I’m not AM I? Yes, you are Yo soy, estoy, tengo
You are You’re You aren’t ARE you? Not, I’m not Tú eres, estás, tienes
She is She’s She isn’t IS she? Yes, she is Ella es, está, tiene
He is He’s He isn’t IS he? Not, he isn’t Él es, está, tiene
It is It’s It isn’t IS it? Yes, it is Es, está, tiene

We are We’re We aren’t ARE we? Not, you’re not Nosotros somos, estámos, tenemos
You are You’re You aren’t ARE you? Yes, we are Ustedes son, están, tienen
They are They’re They aren’t ARE they? Not, they aren’t Ellos / ellas son, están, tienen

adjectives time place Question adverb

Painful doloroso Now ahora At home / At work / high school Where? ¿Dónde?
A bit busy un poco ocupado At the moment At a party en una fiesta What? ¿Qué, cuál?
In touch en contacto Tomorrow mañana On the phone Why? ¿Por qué?
Cheesy cursi Today hoy At the hotel / office (oficina) When? Cuándo
Cozy acogedor Every morning cada mañana In the bathroom en el baño How? Cómo
allergic to chocolate Every day todos los días On Social Media redes sociales What time? ¿A qué hora?
Stuck – bloqueado A few times a year unas cuantas At the meeting en la reunión How many cuántos
Fan of – fanático de veces al año Around here por aquí How much cuánto
hungover (resaca) At night en la noche In a clothing store en una tienda What kind of ¿Qué tipo de?
overdo – exajerado Right now en este momento On vacation de vacaciones What else qué más

affirmative negative interrogative

Soy alergico al mani (peanut) No soy un experto (an expert) pero Eres bueno en los deportes (at sports)?
………………………………………….. (but) me defiendo (I get by) No, no soy tan bueno pero me defiendo
Es doloroso (painful) …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
………………………………………….. …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
Estamos en contacto (in touch) Ella no es la mejor (the best) pero se ……………………………………………
………………………………………….. defiende en inglés (in English) ……………………………………………
Julia es muy cursi (cheesy) …………………………………………… ¿Estás lo suficientemente en forma (fit
…………………………………………… …………………………………………… enough) para correr un maratón (to run
Estoy bloqueado (stuck) …………………………………………… a marathon)?
………………………………………….. Nosotros no estamos en casa. ……………………………………………
Lucy está un poco ocupada (a bit busy) Estamos de vacaciones (on holiday) ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………….. ……………………………………………
Ella tiene un dolor en el cuello (a pain ………………………………………….. ¿Cuándo (how much) es esto (this)?
in the neck) Mis padres (parents) están enojados ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… (angry) conmigo (with me) ¿Tienes Facebook (on facebook)? (+)
Yo tengo hambre (hungry) …………………………………………… …………………………………………..
…………………………………………. …………………………………………… Dónde están los niños? Ellos están por
Apresurate (hurry up). Nosotros No estoy en el hotel (at the hotel) aquí (around here)
estamos apresurados (in a rush) ………………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………….. Él no está en la oficina (at the office). El ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… está en una reunión (at the meeting) ……………………………………………
Es lindo verlos a todos ustedes ( to see …………………………………………… ¿Ella está embarazada (pregnant)? Si,
all of you) …………………………………………… lo está. No me digas en serio (no way)
…………………………………………… …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
Es un placer (a pleasure) estar aquí Ella no es una arquitecta. Ella es una ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… doctora. What do you do? ¿A qué te dedicas?
…………………………………………… …………………………………………… Teacher, student, unemployed, retired.
¿Cómo es que ya son las 3pm? …………………………………………… I used to be a ……..(solía ser un)
How come it………… 3 pm already? …………………………………………… …………………………………………..
What if you……….wrong? Ellos no están en la fiesta (at the party) ………………………………………….
(¿Qué pasa si estás equivocado?) …………………………………………… I run my own business (dirijo mi propio
Sorry. I…….. afraid I can’t No soy fanático de los deportes negocio)
(Lo siento. Me temo que no puedo) …………………………………………… Eres divorciado (divorced)? (+)
It …… about time (ya era hora) …………………………………………… …………………………………………….

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
SENTENCES
suject verbs not always (siempre) complement Place time
You are sometimes (algunas veces)
Often frecuentemente, Usually usualmente
Seldom rara vez
Ana is still (aún)
He is really / truly (realmente) hungry
The girl is never (nunca) so beautiful
Leticia is enough / rather (bastante) early
it is only (solo) just (solamente) late
He is almost / nearly (casi) a friend
we are hardly / barely apenas there
Women are exactly (exactamente)
Actually (realmente) (en realidad, por cierto)
Already ya
Translate these sentences
He …….still weak (débil) in bed (cama) That’s exactly at 9………..……………………………..………
………………………………………………….……………….. He…….only a spoiled (mimado) brad (mocoso).
This soup (sopa) ……… really good …………………………..……………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. You……. almost done…………………………………………
My mom … always right (razón)……………………………… Don’t go. It……. still early
These (estos) shoes (zapatos) ……. a little tight (apretado) ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………….………………………………… Actually, my name …….. Susie, not Ann
The movie ………. really interesting ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…..………………………………. It…… enough expensive …………………………………….
Sleeping time (hora de dormir). I…….. really sleepy (sueño) It……only at 8 o’clock …………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………. It….. actually full time /part-time (medio tiempo)
This…….. just the first time in my life that I……. so angry ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………. I…… really sensitive (sensible) about my family
Do we really have to go to Aunt Betty’s wedding (boda)? …………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………… This …….. really important to Aunt Betty
I thought she was in a relationship but she’s actually single …………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………

INTERROGATIVE
Question adverb Verb Subject frequency Complement place time
What (¿qué? - ¿cuál?) is your favorite food?
What kind of (qué tipo de) dog / music/ person is that?
What color are your eyes?
What time (¿a qué hora?) /wat taim/ is it?
Where ¿dónde? /wer/ are you from?
How old (¿Cuántos años?) /jawol/ is your friend?
How (¿cómo?) /jaw/ (¿qué tan?) are you?
How long ¿Cuánto tiempo? is the trip?
How about ¿Qué tal? ¿Qué te parece? this one?
How far (cuán lejos) is It?
Who (quién) /ju/ are they?
How much ¿cuánto? /jau mach/ (incontable) is the mine tour?
How many ¿cuántos? /jau meni/ (contable) are they?
Why (¿por qué?) /wai/ are you always nervous?
When ¿cuándo? is your birthday?
Whose (de quién) dog is this?
Which (¿cuál?) of these two shirts is better?

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Translate the sentences
When ………your birthday, Susana? Why …… you awake so late? …………………………………
……………………………… …………………………………… Where’s your passport? ………………………………………
Why … Ana on diet? ............................................................. What kind of person are you?
…. your job interesting? ……………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
Whose dog is this? ……………………………………………. Is everything ready? …………………………………………..
Where ………. the end of this line (fila)? Why are you so sure? …………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… Where are my keys?............................................................
Excuse me. Is this seat (asiento) taken (ocupado)? Why are you so late? ………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. How many are people?........................................................
Where …. the restroom? ……………………………………… What are your favorite movies? Thrillers, comedy, horror
How about this dress? ………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………
How much is that hat? ………………………………………... What time is the movie?. How much are the tickets?
Who ……. your favorite actors or actresses? ………………………………...................................................
…………………………………………………………………… Is your first trip abroad?........................................................
What’s the date today?........................................................ What’s that on the floor?......................................................
Is your brother also tall?...................................................... What are you like? ¿Cómo eres?
My hair……..very damaged (dañado) and dry (seco)
…………………………………………………………………..

ADVERBS
PLACE TIME
Abroad en el extranjero for a long time por un largo tiempo As usual como siempre
At first al principio From long ago desde hace tiempo At all – del todo
At home, At work, At school, at war A while ago hace algún tiempo A relief un alivio
At the front row of al frente de la fila About three times a week In a hurry – prisa
Everywhere por todos lados aproximadamente 3 veces a la semana In class - en clase
Far away lejos At once de una vez in danger en riesgo
Far from here lejos de aquí At the moment en este momento, now in fact en realidad
From around here de por aquí At the same time al mismo tiempo In love – enamorado
Just a few blocks away Before (antes) / after (después) In mourning – de luto
Nearby aquí cerca During the week durante la semana in the mood de humor
On the corner en la esquina Four times a day 4 veces al día In touch en contacto
On the way back (vuelta) It’s about time ya es hora In trouble en problema
On the way there (ida) on time (a tiempo) In crowd en la multitud
Outside /inside/ out there Ten minutes from the shop just in case por si acaso
Over there por allá Tomorrow mañana On a diet a dieta
Right over there justo allí Tonight esta noche, On Saturday On my own solo
Somewhere en algún lugar Twice a year dos veces al año On the mind en la mente
The way to the el camino a Out here aquí afuera On sale a la venta
To the right /left a la derecha/izquierda Lately /leitli/ últimamente On tour de gira
Two block from here dos cuadras de aquí In a half hour en media hora Out of stock agotado
Upstairs arriba / downstairs abajo The day after tomorrow pasado mañana Underway en marcha
over there (por allá) / over here At least al menos
In a meeting now en una reunion ahora In common en común
At reception en la recepción On a great deal ganga
On the stage en el escenario Instead en vez de

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Adjetives
quality size age Tempera- colour origin material Noun
ture
Beautiful Thirsty Small Old Hot Dark Swiss Silk Man
Pretty (sed) little (viejo) (calor) Light Chinese (seda) (hombre)
Nice Good Young Cold Red Japanese Leather Men
(bonita) bad big (joven) (frío) Yellow Korean (cuero) (hombres)
A very handsome Close large Average Wet Blue Cotton Woman
(un muy) good-looking Bolivian
(unido) grand edad (húmedo) Pink algodón (mujer)
(guapo) New e media Warm Brown American Steel Women
So (tan) Gorgeous Tough templado Black Dutch (acero) (mujeres)
guapísimo Rough Sunny Purple Spaniard woollen Girl
enough stunning hard Soleado Red Englishman de lana (chica)
(bastante) asombrosa duro Freezing White Italian Tin Boy
thin/slim easy fácil (helado) Gray Portuguese estaño (chico)
too (delgado) cheap Cool Golden German Zinc Child
too much Funny barato Fresco Peach Russian Lead (niño)
demasiado gracioso furry Windy fuchsia (plomo) Children
Bored peludo Ventoso beige Silver niños
really boring Tall Snowy teal Husband
realmente aburrido alto Nevoso verde (esposo)
domestic short Rainy azulado wife
a little bit Wild bajito Lluvioso lime (esposa)
(un poco) salvaje ugly cloudy limón Classmate
grumpy awful nublado navy (compañero)
gruñón (feo) foggy marino friend
delicious lazy misty turquoise (amigo)
interesting (flojo) niebla Fish pez
horrible Loyal dry Wolf (lobo)
intelligent (leal) seco Person
Overdo tender People
exajerado (tierna) personas
Bitter Sad dog / cat
amargado Weird Movie
The best raro day (día)
(el mejor) Cute bed (cama)
Happy (lindo) house casa
difficult Clever Party fiesta
Angry with Listo Car (auto)
Mad at Dirty Bike
upset Sucio (bicicleta)
(enojado) Clean Motorbike
hungry Limpio (moto)
starving Late Eyes (ojos)
hambre Wise Hair (cabello)
the worst (sabio) singer
(el peor) scary Group/band
amazing (miedo) city (ciudad)
increíble Great sister
expensive Genial brother
caro Long cousin
smug Pointed (primo (a))
presumido Furious Life (vida)
Fun strong Holiday
divertido crazy (vacaciones)
spoiled evil Rehearsal
mimado gullible (ensayo)
Picky crédulo Teenager
Exigente terrible Adolescente
Tight uptight Trip viaje
Apretado tenso food comida
Tired busy song canción
Straight ocupado
Lacio retired
disgusting jubilado

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Put A, An or (X) and translate the sentences

I’m ……..adult. I’m not ………teenager (adolescente) What ………. interesting article you are reading.
………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
I want ……..apple. I want……….apples. She wants to buy _____ book about history.
…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
…………… boy from their school is working there ……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………… I have too many (demasiadas) text messages.
……………………………………………………………
 I love the place you live, it’s _____ nice house.
…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
The pay for this job is fifteen dollars ……. hour. How often do you buy ……. new phone?
…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
………..Cats are fun (divertidos). He teaches at …… university in UK.
…………………………………………………………… .……………………………………………………………

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Vocabulary
Model modelo Dean – decano Priest padre -Nun monja Dressmaker costurero
Judge juez Nurse enfermera Co-worker compañero Foreman capataz
Builder Singer cantante Hairdresser peluquera Farmer granjero
constructor Architect arquitecto Mechanic mecánico Coach – trainer entrenador
astronaut Barber barbero Fireman bombero Obstetrician
Maid criada Musician músico

Exercises: Put a/ an and is or are.

a) She…is a……. very important person. Translate
b) It …………………..old book. 1. ¿Carlos es un excelente (excellent) doctor? Si lo es
c) It …………………… Asian embassy. ……………………………………………………………….…..
2. ¿Es una aspirina (aspirin)? No, no es
d) Carla ………………… engineering student.
…………………………………………………………….…….
f) He …………………… happy kid. 3. Mi hermano (brother) no es un auditor
g) It ……………………… colorful t-shirt. …………………………………………………………..………
4. Mi hermana (sister) es una buena profesora (teacher)
h) Manuel ………………….honest man.
………………………………………………………………..…
i) It ………………………. yellow taxi. 5. ¿Tú eres un arquitecto (architect)?
j) That ………………….really expensive car. ………………………………………………………………...…
6. Ellos no son los vendedores (salesmen)
k) Her sister ……………….. obstetrician.
………………………………………………………………...…
l) Jennifer Lawrence …………………… actress. 7. Un artista pinta (paints) hermosos cuadros (picture)
m) I have ………………car ……………………………………………………………..……
n) ……….. dolphin …………..very intelligent. 8. Mi hija (daughter) es una atleta (athlete)
………………………………………………………………..…
ñ) ………… A on my math test! 9. Ana es una linda (pretty) esposa (wife)
o) Rick ……….. ………….. good student. ………………………………………………………………..…
p) He………. stuck in …………elevator 10. Excuse me, is there ……. ATM around here?
…………………………………………………………………
q) Here……. ……….. key to my apartment
…………………………………………………………………
r) I………..not……………. expert on boys Yes, there’s …… ATM at the mall (centro comercial)
Put in right order: …………………………………………………………………
A / pity / what What a pity! (¡que pena!)
1. actress / is / Angeline Jolie / an
………………………………………………………………….…..
2. an / my / father / honest person / is
………………………………………………………………..…….
3. She / beautiful person / is / a
………………………………………………………………………
4. She / an / is / elegant woman
…………………………………………………………………..…
5. bad dream (sueño) / a / is / it
…………………………………………………………………….
6. African animal / the /elephant / an / is
…………………………………………………………………….
7. an / he / student / is / intelligent
………………………………………………………………….…
8. interesting / is / an / idea / it
………………………………………………………………….…

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THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

(THE: EL, LA, LOS, LAS, DEL)

The definite article (the) Parts of the days
is used with singular and In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night.
plural, countable and In the bathroom (en el baño), in the living room (sala), in the kitchen (cocina), in the bedroom
uncountable nouns when Place: at the top (en la cima), at the bottom (en el fondo), at the side (al lado), at the front (al
both the speaker and the frente), at the back (en la parte de atrás), at the end (al final), at the door (a la puerta), at the
listener know the thing or reception (en la recepción)
idea already. On (sobre) superficie: on the floor (en el piso), on the ceiling (en el techo), on the table, on the
We have a cat and a dog. list (en la lista), on the map (en el mapa), on the shelf (en el estante) The only (el único)
The cat is old, but the dog Last name: the Smiths
is just a puppy. This is the restaurant I like best
Put your name at the top of the page please
If there is only one The moon the sun the earth the Queen the world the internet the ocean Pacific
The United State
No article ( the) Lunch, breakfast, dinner
Before plural and Clothes make the man ………………………………………………………………………………….
uncountable nouns when Deserts are very dry places …………………………………………………………………………….
talking about things in Colds are often in winter ……………………………………….………………………………………
general Meat is very expensive nowadays…………………………………………………………………….
Aunt Zaida is very nice.. ……………………………………………………………………………….
My parents watch – television every night after dinner
I love – chocolate ………………………………………………………………………………………
She goes to – school ………………………………………………………………………………….
He goes to – work every day at 8 o’clock
My best friend lives in Mexico city ………………………………………………………………..

Put the or (-) and Translate into Spanish

I go to ………….school every day. ………English is spoken by more than 500 million people
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
They live in …………United States. My sister lives in …….Argentina city
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
Do you remember ……...hotel we loved in …….New York. ……..Lions are the most beautiful animals in the world.
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
The children watch ……..TV after school. ………car that I bought (compré) is very fast
…………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………..
Do you like ……coffee? ……………………………………… ……Sports are quite important in my life. I love ……football.
The Eiffel Tower is …….. most famous structure in France. …………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
My brother doesn`t like ………fish. Sarah can play ….… piano.
……. earth rotates around ……. sun. I’m going to the cinema …..…day after tomorrow.
……… journey to Paris take two days by train. We’re on ……..first floor.
You’re ……..only in my life, my love. There is (hay) somebody at ….…..door.

A: May I see your passport? B: Yes, of course. Here you go.

A: What’s the purpose of your trip? B: I’m here on vacation.
A: How long will you be staying? B: Two weeks.
A: Everything is OK. Welcome to ………. United States B: Thank you, sir.

Conversation A: Yes, nothing seems to be going my way

A: Oh no, are you ok? (estás bien) (si, parece que nada me va bien)
B: No, I’m sad (no, estoy triste) B: Well you know, I am here for you
A: Aw, I’m sorry to hear that (siento escuchar eso) A: Thanks
B: Are you having a rough day? B: Come here, let me give you a hug.
(estás teniendo un día dificil) (ven, dejame darte un abrazo)

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Find the words and put them in the box to pluralise the nouns
Item Items Elemento Mouse ……………….. Ratón
Game ……………….. juego Husband ……………….. esposo
Chicken ……………….. gallina Son ……………….. hijo
Toy ……………….. Juguete Wall ……………….. pared
Day ……………….. Día Life ……………….. Vida
Woman ……………….. Mujer Key ……………….. Llave
Person ……………….. Persona Watch ……………….. Reloj
man ……………….. Hombre Tomato ……………….. Tomate
Way ……………….. Manera, camino Potato ……………….. Papa
match ……………….. Partido, fósforo box ……………….. Caja, cuadro
Glass ……………….. Vaso, cristal, lente This ……………….. Esta, esto, este
Boss ……………….. Jefe Priority ……………….. Preferencia
File ……………….. Archivo, carpeta family ……………….. familia
Opportunity ……………….. Oportunidad Methodology ……………….. Metodología
Device ……………….. dispositivo Knife ……………….. cuchillo
gallery ……………….. galeria Team ……………….. equipo
Secretary ……………….. Secretaria wife ……………….. Esposa
Country ……………….. País, nación company ……………….. Empresa
Change ……………….. Cambio leaf ……………….. hoja
Thief /tif/ ……………….. Ladrón Copy ……………….. Copia
University ……………….. Universidad Lie ……………….. Mentira
City ……………….. Ciudad story ……………….. historia
Thing ……………….. Cosa Sample ……………….. ejemplo
House/home ……………….. Casa Framework ……………….. estructura
Society ……………….. Sociedad Setup ……………….. configuración
tool ……………….. herramienta Upgrade ……………….. actualización
That ……………….. Esa, ese Update ……………….. actualización
Friend ……………….. Amigo(a) profile ……………….. perfil
Girl ……………….. muchacha Toothbrush ……………….. Cepillo de dientes
Boy ……………….. muchacho Movie ……………….. Película
Classmate ……………….. Compañero Puppy ……………….. Cachorro
Engineer ……………….. Ingeniero Issue ……………….. problema, asunto
Hat ……………….. Sombrero Policeman ……………….. Policia
Fish ……………….. pescado Baby ……………….. Bebé, nena
Horse ……………….. Caballo Memory ……………….. Memoria
Lake ……………….. lago Bell ……………….. Campana
Week ……………….. semana Store ……………….. Tienda
Town ……………….. pueblo Storekeeper ……………….. Dueño
Child ……………….. niño Wolf ……………….. Lobo
Bridge ……………….. Puente Tree ……………….. Árbol
tooth ……………….. diente sheep ……………….. oveja

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THIS – THESE (esto, esta, este) and THAT – THOSE (eso, esa, ese, aquel, aquello)
A: Long time no see! ¡Cuanto tiempo sin verte!
B: How have you been? ¿Cómo has estado?
A: It’s so nice to see you again! Es tan bueno verte otra vez!
B: We should meet again next week Debemos encontrarnos la ON THE PHONE
siguiente semana.
A: What have you been up to? ¿Qué has estado haciendo? A: Hello
B: Not much, really (no mucho, realmente) B: Hello May I speak to Kate, please?
B: Lately, I’ve been very busy A: Sorry, she’s not here.
Últimamente, yo he estado muy ocupado. B: Who’s calling, please?
B: I’ve been working / studying a lot A: This is Mike, Kate’s friend.
He estado trabajando/ estudiando B: Hi Mike. Can I take a message?
A: No, thank you. I’ll call her back later.
Conversation B: Okay, bye.

A: Who is this? A: Hello

B: This is my friend Carla. B: Hello. Can I speak to Kate?
A: Carla, this is Mike A: Speaking
B: Nice to meet you, Carla B: Hi Kate. This is Mike
A: Nice to meet you, Mike, too. A: Hi Mike. What’s up?
A: It’s a pleasure (es un placer) B: Let’s play soccer at the park.
B: I should leave early because of the traffic A: Sounds good. What time is it?
(Me debo ir temprano a causa del tráfico) B: How about at two?
B: I should do the homework (Debo hacer la tarea) A: Okay, see you at two
B: See you then.
A: Hello
B: Who is this? A: Hello
A: It’s Karina or this is Karina or it’s me B: Hello. Can I speak to Sally, please?
B: I’ m calling to speak to manager A: Speaking
A: Hold on (espera) / give me a moment (dame un momento) B: Hi, this is Hanna
B: He’s not here. A: Hi, Hanna. What’s up?
A: Thanks for everything gracias por todo.
B: Kate is sick
But thanks anyway (Pero gracias, de todas maneras)
A: it’s too bad.
B: Excuse me, is this seat taken? B: How about going to see her?
A: That’s a good idea! What time shall we meet?
B: Do you mind if I sit here?
B: May I sit here? B: How about at two?
A: No problem A: Sounds good. Let’s meet at the bus stop.
B: Okay. See you soon.
A: Who is this? Kate’s house
B: This is my brother with his dog A: How are you?
A: Where is his dog? B: I’m okay now. I can go to school on Monday.
B: His dog past away last month. He’s blue A: Good
A: What a pity! B: Kate, here’s an apple pie. I made it for you
A: thanks. I like apple pie.

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How old are you, Carlos? ¿Qué edad tienes, Carlos? I am 18 years old (años)
How old is your father / mother? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
How old is your oldest sister / youngest brother? ……………………………………………………………………………………
How old is your cat / dog? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..
How many people are there in Potosí? (¿Cuántas personas hay en Potosí?)
………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................
Days of week Months Meses ORDINALS
Monday /mandei/ Lunes January /yanuari/ enero 1st = first 13th = thirteenth
Tuesday /tíuzdei/ Martes February febrero 2nd = second 14th= fourteenth
Wednesday /wenzdei/ Miércoles March marzo 3rd = third 15th= fifteenth
Thursday /zerzdei/ Jueves April /eiprol/ abril 4th = fourth 16th= sixteenth
Friday /fraidei/ Viernes May mayo 5th = fifth 17th= seventeenth
Weekend: /wikend/ Fin de semana June junio 6th = sixth 18th= eighteenth
Saturday /saterdei/ Sábado July julio 7th = seventh 19th= nineteenth
Sunday /sandei/ domingo August /ogost/ agosto 8th = eighth 20th= twentieth
September septiembre 9th = ninth 21st= twenty-first
October octubre 10th = tenth 30th= thirtieth
November noviembre 11th = eleventh 31st= thirty- first.
December diciembre 12th = twelfth

Translate
Which year are you in college? I’m a first year student.
I’m a first year student. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
What’s the date today? The date is March eighth ……………………………………………………………………………………
Today’s day is April third…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What day is today? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Today is August 3nd ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Tomorrow is August 4th …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Yesterday was August 2nd ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Answer the questions
When is your birthday? It’s on March 29, 1988
When is his birthday? His birthday is on tenth of October
When is your birthday? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
When is your father’s birthday (cumpleaños de tu padre)? ……………………………………………………………………………
When is your mother’s birthday? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..….
When is your sister’s birthday? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
Translate the sentences
How many liter (litro) of water should we buy? ………………………………………………………………………………………
Roast the meat for an hour and then add the vegetables
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
How much is this jacket? It’s 340 Bs……………………………………………………………………………………………………
How long is the mine tour?.it’s about an hour and a half (hora y media)
…………………………………………………………………..........................................................................................................
How long should I roast the chicken?......................................................................................................................................
That’s five pounds (libra) of sugar ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Cook the rice for half an hour (media hora)…………………………………………………………………………………………..
One hundred and seventy five dollars …………………………………………………………………………………………………
We have seventy kinds of cheese ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
There are six hundred people on the boat …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Many celebrities will perform at the music festival ……………………………………………………………………………………
My vacation will begin on September seventh………………………………………………………………………………………..

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POSSESSIVE ’S
Yo estoy en la casa de mi madre
Sujeto verbo 2do ’s 1ro
I am at my mother’s house
Sujeto verbo the holder ’S possessed
Ann’s camera my brother’s car the manager’s office my friend’s house (one friend) my friendS’ house = two or more

(her camera) (his car) (his or her office) (his or her house) (their house)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
I YOU SHE HE IT WE THEY
MY YOUR HER HIS ITS OUR THEIR
Members of the family
Grandparents abuelos Mother = madre Sister – Hermana Brother in law cuñado
Grandfather abuelo Husband esposo Aunt /a:nt/ = tía Sister in law cuñada
Cousin /kozen/ primo (a)
Granddaughter nieta Wife /waif/= esposa Uncle /ankol/ = tío
Oldest brother hermano mayor
grandmother = abuela Daughter = hija Niece /nis/= sobrina Middle brother del medio
Parents = padres Son = hijo Nephew sobrino Youngest sister Hermana menor
Sibling hermano (a)
Father = padre Brother = hermano Sister in law = cuñada

I) Translate these sentences

¿Cuál (what) es el nombre (name) de tu padre (father)? Su nombre es………………….
………………………………………………………………………..................................................................................................
¿Cuál es el nombre de tu madre (mother)? Su nombre es …………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
¿Cuál es el nombre de tu mejor (best) amiga (friend)? Su nombre es…………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
¿Cuál es el nombre de tu hermana mayor?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
El nombre de mi hermana mayor es Danitzza. Su nombre es
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
¿Cuál es el nombre de tu hermano? El nombre de mi hermano es Rodrigo. Su nombre es
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
Los ojos (eyes) de mi madre son como (like) los mios (mine)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate
My mother’s last name is Smith ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The girl’s earrings are beautiful ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Man’s best friend is the dog ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
My mother’s house is next to the beach. ………….…………………………………………………………………………………
They had a really good time at James’s barbecue last Friday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
We went to Andy’s house last night …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
How’s Fred’s health (salud)? He feels great ……………………………………………………………………………………………
My cousin’s house is always a mess (desastre) …………………………………………………………………………………………
I went to my friends’ party ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Conversation
A: Hey Todd tell me about your family?
B: Well, my family is very nice. There are five people in my
family. My mom, my dad, my two sisters and myself. A: And what about your mom?
A: Nice, Are you oldest? B: My mom is the leader of the family. She’s retired now.
B: I’m the youngest child. But I’m an adult now. I’m 45 years She’s a great cook. I love her home cooking. Her meals are
old. very delicious.
A: So tell me about your sisters? A: How about your dad?
B: My sisters are both married. They are both mothers too. B: Ah my dad. My dad is a very nice guy. He’s always happy
My oldest sister is Karie. She’s a manager for a company. and he’s really a good athlete. He’s also a good cook like my
A: And what about your other sister? mom. He’s very funny and makes everybody laugh. But he is
B: Michael is my other sister. She is the middle child in the serious about anything
family. She’s an office worker. They are both nice, but A: Your family sounds very nice.
they’re both busy with their families. B: Yeah, I love them a lot.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
I Mine (mío, mía) Whose? De quién Whose money is this? (I)
YOU Yours (de ti / tuyo) This money is mine (Este dinero es mío) / It’s mine. (es mio)
SHE Hers (de ella) Whose glasses are these? (she) They are…………………….
HE His (de él) Whose dog is this? (they) It’s …………….……………………..
IT Its (de él / ella) Whose hat is this? (he) It’s………………..……………………..
WE Ours (de nosotros) Whose books are these? (we) They’re ….…..........................
YOU Yours (de ustedes) Whose car is this? (They) It’s………….………………………..
THEY Theirs (de ellos / ellas) Whose is this? (you) It’s……….…………………………………
Whose notebooks are these? (she)
These notebooks are hers / They are hers …………………………………………………………….…
Estos cuadernos son de ella / Ellos son de ella Whose coat is this? (you)
Whose teddy bear (oso de peluche) is this? (he) ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….… ………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………….…… Whose spoon is this? (I)
Whose bag is this? (you) …………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………….……….
………………………………………………………………… Whose haunted house is that? (they)
Whose shoes are these? (she) ………………………………………………….……………………
………………………………………………..……………… Whose book is it? (he)
……………………………………………..………………… ……………………………………………………………………….
Whose lighter (encendedor) is this? (he) Whose jacket (chaqueta) is this? (I)
……………………………………………..………………… …………………………………………..…………………………..
……………………………………………..………………… Esta casa (house) es de ellos
Whose clay (arcilla) pot (olla) is this? (they) ……………………………………………………..………………
…………………………………………….………………… Esos coches (cars) son nuestros
………………………………………….…………………… …………………………………………………………………….
Whose teapot (tetera) is this? (we) La chaqueta (jacket) azul es mía
………………………………………….…………………… ………………………….…………………………………………
………………………………………….…………………… Este avión (airplane) es nuestro
Whose bicycle (bicicleta) is this? (they) ……………………….…………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………..…… Este gato es de ellos ……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………. La pelota es de él …………………………………………………
Whose electric drill is this? (he) El niño es de nosotros……………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….… Ese muchacho es mío ……………………………………………
Ese perro es nuestro ……………………………………………..

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Translate the sentences INTERROGATIVE:
¿Por qué (Why) tu hermano está en cama? because ¿Tú estás bien (okay)? (+)
…….……….………………………………………………..…… ……………………………………………………………………
¿Qué hora (what time) es? Es las 8 (at 8 o’clock) ¿Tu perro tiene hambre? (-)
…………………..................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………
¿Qué edad (How old) tienes tú? Yo tengo 16 años ¿Andy está en el colegio (at high school) Pichincha? (+)
…………………………… ……………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….
¿Dónde (where) tú estás? Yo estoy en casa ¿Está aún tu hermana soltera (single)? (-)
……………………..…………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………….
¿Cuánto (how much) está el vestido (the dress)? Está 300 ¿Está Pedro ocupado (busy) ahora? (+)
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
¿Cuántas (how many) personas son? Ellos son 9 personas ¿Está Emily atrasada (late) para la escuela (for school)? (+)
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
¿Cómo (how) está el trabajo (your job)? Not bad ……………………………………………………………..…….
…………………………………………………………………… ¿Él siempre llega tarde (late)? (-)
¿Por qué estás siempre cansada (tired)? …………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………..……… ¿Tania está aquí (here)? (-)
¿A qué hora es tu curso de Inglés (English course)? At 6:00 ……………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..……… ¿Tienes frío? (+)………………………………………………
¿Cuál es tu comida favorita? Es la comida china Translate
……………………………………………………………..……… A: Oye, Todd, cuéntame (tell) sobre (about) tu familia
¿Qué día es hoy (today)? Es lunes B: Bueno, mi familia es muy agradable. Nosotros somos
……………………………………………………………..……… cinco en mi familia. Mi mamá, mi papá, mis dos hermanas
¿Quién es la mujer alta con el cabello rojo? y yo.
……………………………………………………………..……… A: Genial, ¿eres el mayor (oldest)?
……………………………………………………………..……… B: Soy la más joven (youngest) en mi familia. Pero ahora
¿Quién es tu cantante (singer) favorito (favorite)? soy una adulta (adult). Tengo 41 años. Ya no soy tan joven.
……………………………………………………………..……… A: Cuéntame sobre tus hermanas
¿Cuál es el nombre de tu padre? B: El nombre de mis hermanas son Danitzza y Leticia. Mis
……………………………………………………………………. hermanas están casadas. Ambas (both) son madres
La esposa de Carlos es amable (nice) también. Mi hermana mayor es Danitzza. Ella es una
………………………………………………………………….. doctora. Ella tiene 46 años de edad. Ella tiene tres hijos:
¿De quién es ese abrigo (coat)? Es de él Ariel es el mayor. Él tiene 19 años y está estudiando
…………………………………………………………………… physiotherapy. Los más pequeños están en la escuela. Ellos
Translate into Spanih
viven en Argentina.
A: ¿Y tu otra (another) hermana?
The children’s toys are all over the room
B: Leticia es mi otra hermana. Ella es la hermana del medio
……………………………………………………………..………
(middle) en la familia. Ella es una abogada (lawyer). Ella
Mr. Turner’s dog always comes onto our property
tiene 45 años. Ella tiene dos hijos. Rodrigo es el mayor. Él
……………………………………………………………..………
tiene 19 años de edad. Él está estudiando ingeniería
……………………………………………………………..………
(engineering) y Melvin el menor. Él está en el colegio.
This is Jack’s horse ……………………………………………. Ambas son buenas hermanas, aunque (although) siempre
These are the girl’s flowers están ocupadas (buzy) con sus familias.
……………………………………………………………..………
My parents’ house is small but they love it A: ¿Qué acerca de tu mamá?
……………………………………………………………..……… B: Mi mamá es la líder (leader) de la familia. Ella está
……………………………………………………………..……… jubilada (retired) ahora. Ella es una gran cocinera. Me
I’m not on a good budget (presupuesto) encanta su comida casera (home cooking). Sus comidas son
…………………………………………………………………… muy deliciosas (delicious).
You’re all bark (ladrar) and no bite (morder) A: ¿Y tu papá?
………………………………………………………………….. B: Ah mi papá. Mi papá es un tipo (guy) muy agradable.
A picture is worth (vale) a thousand words (palabra) Siempre está feliz y es realmente un buen profesor.
……………………………………………………………………. También es un buen cocinero como mi mamá. Es muy
You’re afraid of your own shadow (sombra) divertido y nos hace (make) reir (laugh). Pero él es serio
…………………………………………………………………… (serious) acerca de cualquier cosa (anything).
He’s at the end of his rope (límite) A: tu familia es genial (great).
………………………………………………..……… B: Sí, los quiero mucho.

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
UNIT 2
SIMPLE PRESENT
SHE (my mom, María) HE (your dad, Juan) IT 2. If the verb ends in a consonant +y the “Y” changes to –ies. Fly flies
1. If a verb ends in –S, -SH, –CH, -X , add –ES But if the verb ends in a vowel + y, the “y” does not change.
miss – misses watch- watches Say says play plays
But GO and DO are different. They add –ES 3. Irregular verbs: HAVE / HAS (tener)
Go – goes (ir) Do - does (hacer) 4. Most verbs add –S in the third person wear – wears live lives
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I I get along with everyone I don’t care about her Do you have an appointment? No, I don’t
YOU You stop whining quejarse You don’t really know anyone. Do you have a cold? Yes, I do
SHE She always GOES to school She DOESN’T GO to school DOES she always go to school?
HE He has a dog He DOESN’T have a dog DOES he have a dog?
My brother DOES his job He DOESN’T DO his job DOES he DO his job? Yes, he does
IT It RAINS a lot (mucho) It DOESN’T RAIN a lot DOES it RAIN a lot? No, it doesn’t
WE We always eat chicken We don’t eat chicken Do we always eat chicken? Yes, you do
YOU You always have dinner at 7 You have nothing to lose Do you always have dinner at 7? No, we don’t
THEY They come back at 6 o’clock they don’t have dinner at 7 Do they come back at 6 o’clock?
TO EXPRESS A HABIT: Use the simple for things in general or things that happen repeatedly.
Leave home salir de casa feed…… the dog alimentar al perro depart from Paris at 8 salir de Paris a las
Come….. back home regresar a casa Get… off work salir del trabajo have a crush on gustar de alguien
Arrive….. at office llegar a la oficina Get….. home llegar a casa have a sore throat dolor de garganta
brush…… your hair peinarse el cabello go out / hang out to salir a take one pill tomar una píldora
brush….your teeth lavarse los dientes make friends hacer amigos get over superar, step away alejarse
catch …./ take the bus tomar mop the floor trapear el piso Keep an eyes on echar un vistazo
Get stuck in traffic
catch …..up on the schoolwork set…… the table poner la mesa
request time off of work pedir licencia del
ponerse al día con sus deberes skip…… class faltar a clases
take a rest / break / get rest descansar
Catch……. / have ……a cold resfriarse take classes from 3 o’clock to 5
Text……. mandar mensajes
Do…. homework hacer la tarea take out the trash sacar la basura
Get text recibir mensajes
Wake… up at despertar a las take…….. a walk dar un paseo
Go online conectarse a internet
get …up early / late levantarse water the garden /plants regar
Post on social media publicar en redes S.
get…… dressed vestirse get ….on / off subir – bajar
use social media usar redes sociales
have ………breakfast desayunar study …..for an exam estudiar
Get along llevarse bien
take a shower ducharse walk …..over acercarse
Get mad at everything enojarse por todo
have lunch / dinner almorzar /cenar get…..a job conseguir un trabajo
post on social media publicar en R.S.
have fun divertirse wait for esperar por / hold on esperar
lose sleep over perder el sueño
make….. the bed hacer la cama ask for pedir / ask preguntar down to earth tener los pies sobre la tierra
start….. work empezar a trabajar fight like cat and dog pelear como brush up on something repasar
tidy…… up limpiar, ordenar look good on mirar bien en make a long story short hacer la historia corta
pass ….aprobar, fail …reprobar get used to estar aconstumbrado Stand in line hacer cola
Plate up the food servir la comida feel like sentir como Oversleep quedarse dormido
Figure it out resolver / solucionar algo score a goal meter gol Rip out the paper arrancar el papel
Make sense tiene sentido pass the buck pasar la responsabilidad Provide for her family Mantener a su
Run in the family venir de familia sniff round husmear Have the day off pedir permiso
Pull an all-nighter quedarse estudiando speak out against hablar en contra take a leave pedir permiso
Do someone a favor take it or leave it tómalo o déjalo Leave somebody on read dejar en visto
Do the cooking cocinar cut back on expenses reducer gastos Have a seat toma asiento
Do your best dar lo mejor cut a deal llegar a un acuerdo I scratch your back, you scratch my back
Think on my feet pensar rápido gain some experience ganar algo Hit like on all the post poner like en todo
Dress down regañar keep up with seguir el paso/ ritmo Get butterflies in the stomach
Backfire on salirle el tiro por la culata Pull over detener Look forward to esperar
Get well soon mejorarse pronto set an example for ser un ejemplo para Show the true colors quitar la careta
Run in the family viene de familia fall apart desmoronarse Come over to venir a
Ring a bell sonar familiar fall the rules seguir las reglas Keep me posted mantener informado
Ring true sonar real dream about soñar con Get off my chest sacar lo
Read through something revisar algo Make believe fingir
Get in shape ponerse en forma
Love at first sight un flechazo Don’t judge a book by it’s cover las
keep on smiling a mal tiempo, buena cara
Blow the nose limpiarse la nariz apariencias engañan
sleep like a log dormir como un tronco
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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
II) Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form. I do (Simple Present)
Subject verbs object manner degree place Time

Maria always, often, never, usually, rarely, works hard at work at 7:30
barely sometimes, only, really, even, goes parties in bed early
0% 50% 100%
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN USUALLY ALWAYS
nunca algunas veces frecuentemente usualmente siempre
I) Order the sentences
(always / early (temprano) / Susana / arrive (llegar))………………………………………………………………………………..
(Basketball / I / play (jugar) / often)……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(work / Margaret / hard (duro) / usually) …………………………………………………………………………………………….
(Jenny / always / a uniform/ wear (vestirse) / to go to high school) …………………………………………………………….…
(we/ have dinner (cenar) / always / at 7:30)……………………………………………………….……………………………….…
(television / Tim / watch (ver) / never) …………………………………………………………….…………………………….……
(like / chocolate / children / usually) ………………………………………………………….………………………………….……
(Julia / parties (fiesta) / enjoy (disfrutar) / always)……………………………………………………………………………..……
(his clothes /usually/ wash (lava) / Nelson ) ……………………………………………………………………………….………
Flirt with (coquetear) / Alex/ always/ all the girls)…………………………………………………………………………………………
(sometimes / go to cinema /Juan) ………………………………………………………………………………………..………
(never/ take a leave (solicitar permiso/ I) ………………………………………………………………………………………………
(go home / Maria and Juan / always) ………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
(cheat on (engañar)/ always / Lucy/ her boyfriends)…………………………………………………………………………………
(She/ have fun (divertirse) /really /at parties) …………………………………………………………………………………………
(he /stay along (quedarse mucho tiempo)/ never)………………………………………………………………….........................
(step out the truth (omitir la verdad)/ they / barely) ………………………………………………………………………………….
(always/ your students/ stay to help) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
III) Write the negative form
I/ you/ we/ they don’t have
She/ he/ it doesn’t do

1. I play the piano very well ……………………………………………..........................................................................................

2. Jane plays guitar very well ………………………………………………………........................................................................
3. They know my phone number …………………………………………………..........................................................................
4. We work very hard …………………………………………………………….............................................................................
5. She has a bath every day ……………………………………………………….........................................................................
6. You do the same things every day ……………………………………………..........................................................................
7. My brother has a good car ……………………………………………………...........................................................................
8. I post (publicar) about this online …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Oscar comes out of his classroom …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. She needs a taxi from my office to the airport …………………………………………………………………………………..
11. I ride a bicycle to work ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. My father puts his coat on ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13. I have a social media account (cuenta) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. He gets a degree in history …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
IV) Write questions. Use the words in brackets +do/does. Put the words in the right order.
Question adverb Aux subject Verbs object answers
How ¿Cómo?
How long ¿Cuánto tiempo? DO I / we / they / you watch
How often ¿Cada cuánto? your parents this movie? Yes, I do
Where ¿Dónde? children No, I don’t
When ¿Cuándo?
Why ¿Por qué? Yes, she
How many ¿Cuánto/s? DOES she / he / it do? does
How much ¿Cuánto? your sister feed the dog?
What ¿Qué?, ¿Cuál? your brother No, she
What kind of (que tipo de) Carla doesn’t
What time ¿A qué hora?
What times ¿Cuántas veces?
What else (qué más)

Put “do” or “does” in the questions and answer the questions

What kind of food ………you like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Mashed potatoes (pure de papas), stew (guiso), roast beef (carne asada), meatballs (albóndigas), vegetarian food, healthy
food, diet food (comida de regimen), spicy chicken (picante de pollo), snack (bocadillo)
What …….. you do for a living?.......................................................................................................................................................
Where………..she work ? .............................................................................................................................................................
……….you have a boyfriend / a girlfriend? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……….you have any brothers or sisters? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
How ………..she feel today? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What ………you do during your vacation?..................................................................................................................................
What else………….your father do in his free time?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
What times …………..you go to the gym? ………………………………………………………………………………………………
What place ………you recommend? …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
What time ……….the bus leave? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Which part …………your friend like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
How ……….. the food taste (saber)? …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………..you play any sports? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What kind of work ………………they do? ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
How long ………….it last (tardar) to get home from work?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
How ………..your vacation go? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Receptionist patient
 Welcome in! Do you have an appointment with us today?  Hi, yes! I have an appointment
 Ok, let me see…Yes, I see you! Your name is Isabella? with Dr. Lopez at 11:30
 Ok, great. Can you fill this out while you wait for a nurse to call  That’s correct
you?  Sure, no problem
 Great. bring it up to me when you’re done, and here’s a pen
 Here you go!
 Thank you Can I have your insurance card (tarjeta de seguro)?
 Perfect, thank you! The nurse will call you up shortly (pronto).  Sure, here it is.
 Great, thanks!

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
VERB + ING AND VERB + TO
Verbs +ing Sentences Like swimming Verbs to
love (amar) Run running, stop stopping, swim – swimming We have to get pass this exam
enjoy (disfrutar) Come – coming, Sleep – sleeping Cry – crying I have to use the washroom
hate (odiar) You go fishing / swimming / camping Do you want to go with me?
fancy (apetecer) Is it going to be sunny today?
I like swimming (nadar) in the beach
It’s time to go
finish (terminar) She loves cooking (cocinar) I’m sorry to hear that
come (venir) I enjoy teasing (molestar) everyone. I want to tell you
go (ir) (a hacer algo) She hates waking up (despertar) early I don’t want to hurt anyone
start (empezar) Stop being scary (miedo) I’m too excited to spend more time with you
prefer (preferir) But I keep getting so angry! you don’t want to pressure me
mind (importar) I hate having to explain (explicar). she needs to be by herself
Keep dreaming (soñar) I have to go to work
stop (detener)
I hate opening up He has to do the laundry
keep/ continue
I quit smoking I want to be alone
quit (dejar)
avoid (evitar)
Order the sentences and answer the questions
1. Where/ you / like / eat? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
2. You just need/ talk to somebody……………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Your parents / love / travel around the world? ……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. You need / work more? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It stop/ rain? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Other frog continue/ jump as hard as he can? ………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Why/ her husband want / leave her? ……………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Why / Maria want/ divorce? …………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Ariel’s dog started /grow so fast ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. How long do you think we have / stay? …………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. I just have / fill out some form …………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Stop / criticize me ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13. Children hate/ eat vegetables? …………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. I start / worry about this big meeting I have today………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. I need / tell you something …………………………………………………………………………………………….……
16. He begin / listen to music? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. I just want / spend time with you ………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. Would you mind………………………(help) me clean the house?

PERMANENT TRUTH: We use for things which are always true. Vegetarians don’t eat meat.
THE PRESENT PERIOD: To refer events, actions, situations which are true in the period of time which -for all we know- may
continue indefinitely: 1) My father works in a bank. 2) My sister wears glasses.

FUTURE REFERENCE: This use is often related to timetables and programmes or to events in the calendar.
The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st
Read the composition

My name is Sarah and I’m studying to be a veterinarian. I love animals and I am very good at handling (manejar) blood (sangre)
and other things that get most people scared. That’s why I think I will make a good vet.

I wake up every morning at seven o’clock to feed (alimentar) my pets. Of course, I have a lot of them! At the time, I have two
dogs, five cats, three goldfish, two white doves (paloma) and a cute hamster called Pony. Why did I call a hamster Pony? So
that everyone would ask! And it worked. After one hour of tiding (limpiar) my room (or should I say my pet’s?), I leave for
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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
College. I take classes from nine o’clock to three in the afternoon. My favorite Subjects (materia) are those about Anatomy and
Physiology. I don’t like so much the ones about Physics and Chemistry but I do well anyway (de cualquier manera).

I leave College in a hurry, because I work as a barista in Starbucks from four to eight in the evening. Even if my calling is
healing animals, I have to admit I do some pretty good Lattes!

Then I take the bus to get home on time for dinner. My mom is the best cook ever and she prepares delicious meals for the
whole family. My father, my big brother and my little sister have dinner and then watch some TV together. Sometimes I have
to go right up to my room to study for my exams. And then, one good night of sleeping before everything starts again!

“I brush my hair, put on my make-up. I pack my bag with all my teaching materials. Then I put on my coat and leave the house.
I walk to the bus stop. I catch/take (tomar) the bus at 8.15, and then I pay (pagar) my fare (pasaje) and sit down. It takes about
45 minutes to get to my destination three miles away. I get off the bus and walk to the school where I teach English. I have to
sign in (firmar) and get the key. Class starts (empezar) at 9.25 and ends (termina) at 11.25.”
“I have lunch at 12. I eat a baguette or sandwich at the local café. I sometimes do some shopping before I walk back to school.
I do some photocopying and go back to my classroom. I teach in the afternoon from 1 to 3 pm. then I catch the bus back home
and spend a couple of hours relaxing before I cook dinner.”

“My son goes to work shortly after I come home. Sometimes he cooks dinner before I get home, and sometimes I cook. I like
to eat rice or pasta with a sauce. I chop (cortar) the onions, fry (freír) them and then mix them with garlic (ajo), tomatoes,
carrots (zanahoria), spinach and chilies. I boil (hervir) the rice and then add (añadir) the sauce (salsa). After dinner I wash up,
sweep the floor, and tidy up a bit.” “Then I make phone calls, mark my students’ work, and do the laundry. Then I go on
Facebook or watch TV until about 10.30 when my son comes home. We catch up on our day, and at about 11 o’clock I go to
bed.” “Other days I get up early, go downstairs, put on my computer and teach on EF English Live for three hours. Then I
have a break, eat dinner with my son, have a walk or go shopping before returning to work and teaching again for another
three hours. Working at home can be very convenient and I love being able (ser capaz) to talk to people around the world. It is
also nice working in a school and seeing people on a regular basis and working in a team. So I feel I have the best of both
worlds.”

Conjunction

First of all (primero de todo) (I packed my suitcase), secondly I made sure I had all my documents previously (before that)
I changed some money, then I (called a taxi for the airport) “Later … (when we were stuck in traffic, I realised…)”
“But before all that… (I had double checked my reservation)” “Finally… (I arrived at the wrong check-in desk at the wrong
airport for a flight that didn’t go until the next day)
At the begining At first ( al principio), First of all (antes que nada), In the first place (En primer), once upon a time,
(érase una vez)
Addition And (y), While / as (mientras), Furthermore (asimismo), Also (también), besides (demás)
Reason Because (porque), because of debido a
Continuation Then (luego), After (después), After that (después de eso), Suddenly (de repente), Meantime
(mientras tanto), Perhaps (tal vez)
Contrast But (pero), however / nevertheless (sin embargo), although (aunque), in spite of (a pesar)
Consequence-result So / thus (así que), Thereby / Hence (por eso), Therefore (por tanto), otherwise (sino) if (si) even
if (inclusive si)
Time Before (antes), after (después), until (hasta), when (cuando), as long as (siempre y cuando), as
soon as (tan pronto como), by the time (that) (por el tiempo que), directly (directamente), during
the time (that) (durante este tiempo), immediately, the moment ( that), now (that), once (una vez),
since (desde), whenever (cuando, siempre que), while (mientras), lately (últimamente)
place Where, wherever (dondequiera que), anywhere (en alguna parte), everywhere (todas partes)
manner As if / as though (como si)
Relative clauses: Who (quien), That (que, cual), Which (cual), Where (donde), What to do (que cosa hacer)
How to do it (Como hacerlo), by what (por lo que)
1. I’m sorry if you were hurt by what I said.
2. She’s going to let Junior choose what they will do.
3. Please, don’t do whatever Junior wants.

Conclusion In brief / in short/ sum up (en resumen), Finally / lastly (por último), make a long story short

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Conversation

patient
Friend
 How are you feeling?  I don’t feel well
 Do you want me to make an appointment (cita)?  I need a doctor
 You can go to the hospital, which is thirty minutes  Can a doctor come here?
from here.  I can’t move
 What is the problem?  Everything hurts (me duele todo)
 What hurts? ¿Qué te duele?  I want to go to the hospital
 Do you want me to call an ambulance?  It’s an emergency
 Do you want me to take you? ¿Quieres que te lleve?  Yes, it’s urgent
 Do you want to go to the emergency room?  Let’s go
 I will take you to the hospital  I feel a sharp pain (dolor intenso) here
 My head hurts a lot
Nurse
 It started this morning
 What are you symptoms?
 I’m dizzy (estoy mareado)
 When did the pain start?
 Yes, no problem
 Can I take your temperature?
 It itches a lot (siento mucha comezón)
 You have a high temperature
 I feel nauseous
 What other symptoms do you have?
 I feel like I can’t breathe
 Anything else?
 Yes, sure
 Maybe something bit me
 I have had heart problems
 Can I take your blood pressure?
 I’m allergic to peanuts
 You have high blood pressure
 I’m taking vitamins
 Do you have any medical history?
 Do you have any allergies?
 Are you taking any medicine?
 The doctor will see you soon
 Can you give me something for the pain?
doctor  Am I sick? Do I have the flu?
 Hello, I’m Doctor Cruz  When will I feel better?
 Yes, I can prescribe you painkillers (analgésicos)  For how many day?
 You have an infection. I will give you antibiotics.  Okay, how much do I owe?
 Take this medicine three times a day  Where is the pharmacy?
 Until you finish the bottle. I will see you again in one  Is it open twenty-four hours?
week  Thanks for your help
 They can help you wih that at the front desk /  goodbye
reception
 Don’t forget to pick up your medicine before you
leave.
 It’s on the first floor
 No, it closes in two hours
 I hope you feel better
 goodbye

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
PREPOSITIONS
Places (lugares) Seasons (temporadas del año)
In Bolivia, in the world, in the bedroom, in the bathroom, in In the Spring, In the Summer, In the Autumn, In
the class, car, in taxi, helicopter, truck, the fridge, hall, van the Winter
Years (años) Parts of the days
In (en) In 2012, In 1998, In 1981, In 2011, in the 18th century In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
Future (time) at night
In a half hour (en media hora) Months (meses)
In a few weeks (en unas semanas) In January, In February, In March, In April, In
In a couple of days (en unos días) May, June
In a short time (en poco tiempo) Expression:
In a week (en una semana) I’m interested in you (estoy interesado en ti)
In three days (en tres días) log in/come in (ingresar), break into (forzar), go
In two months (en dos meses) into (ingresar), in this picture
In four years (cuatro años) Look at the woman in the black dress
Places At / on weekend (el fin de semana)
At home, at my house, at work, at school, at the reception, Address (dirección): At 35 / On La Paz
At at the Cambridge university, at the concert, at the party, at Expressions
(en, a las ) the Chinese restaurant, at the end of the street, at the bus Good / bad at something
stop, at the train station, at the beach, at the top of the hill I am good at sports
Time (hora) Verbs
At 7: 30 o’clock, At dawn (al amanecer) Surprised at, shout at, look at, laugh at, wave at
At noon / at midday (al medio día) Expression
At midnight (media noche: 12) At war, at lunchtime, at risk (riesgo), at age
At the end of the day (al final del día) (edad), at Christmas, at the door, at peace (paz),
At the same time (al mismo tiempo), at the moment, at mad at (enojado con), amazed at (azombrado de)
present (de momento)
On top of something Expressions
On the table, on the floor On holiday, On TV, On the radio, On the phone,
Days of week On strike, On diet, On fire, On page, On points,
On On Monday, On Tuesday, On Wednesday, On Thursday, on my period, on my mind, on social media
(sobre , el) on Monday morning, on Saturday evening Put it on the shelf, Can I try this on? Cheat on,
Special dates focus on, on this narrow road
On wedding day, on my birthday, on mother’s day Get on a transport: (coche y taxi) on the bus,
Dates: On March 29th , On July first on plane, on the boat
How we can get there: go by car, by bus, by airplane By heart (de memoria), by accident, by myself
By But: go On foot (ir a pie) (sola), By what (por lo que), succed by studying
(en, a Next to somebody or something: By me (a lado mio) 1. I travel ……….. bus/ plane/ car
lado, por) Create by someone or something: Written by 2. I go to school ……… foot.
Time: Susan will arrive by three 3. You’re always ……… me
Pay by check: Can I pay by credit card / in cash? 4. This book was written ……….. Edgar
To Movement Expressions: the key to the door
a, a la, Another family of mice comes to the store. Except: I GO HOME
hacia, Divide two verbs: she wants to be a doctor One day he goes ………... town.
para Communications (con, a, -) They do not listen ………...….. me
INTO I give it …………… you
speak to, talk to, listen to, lie to, belong to, welcome to, go
A man walks …….. a bar and orders a beer.
to bed, say hello to Sam, tell .it..to, give.it.to, send, write
For For = destino / destinatario This gift is for you. = Este regalo es para ti.
(para) For + gerundio = función. Se usa for + el gerundio para This program is for editing photos.
durante hablar de la función de algo (una aplicación, una Good for you bien por ti
herramienta). I work for eight hours every day.
From (de) I travel from Potosi to Sucre He comes down ……… tree
Of (de) I’m not a fan of terror movies, I’m afraid of (tener miedo)About (acerca de): worried about, excited about
What are the effects of social media on teenagers? With (con) the person with red hair
Kinds of cheese, a glass of wine, a bunch of photos, the Angry with (enojado con)
top of the mountain, walls of this bedroom
Will you marry me? ¿Te casas conmigo?
Go upstairs/downstairs (subir/ bajar), back (regresar), out (salir) over there (por allá), take…into / out (meter /sacar)

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
TO - AT – ON – IN – FROM – BY – WITH (con) - ABOUT (acerca de) – FOR (para) of (de)
Put the correct prepositions
He lives ……….. a little house. ……….July 1 is national holiday ……. Canada
One day, he goes ……….. town (pueblo). ……….weekend they invite friends to their house
He is very angry ……………me. Don’t come late………..your appointment (cita)
The people of the village listen ……….. the boy ……..the morning he comes back…….the village
“I want……….see you and talk………you.” I listen………. everyone including my enemies
Some people are ………..the bridge (puente) The morning the class is ………....8:00 ………12:30
The next time, we do not come…….help you again Excuse me, do you know the way ……………the zoo?
I have breakfast…………. the morning. Remember ……….take a jacket ……… you
The farmer puts a chain (cadena) ……… my neck (cuello) Can you take (acompañar) me ………. the door, please?
We put a bell (campana) ……… the cat. How many chairs do you need ……….the table?
The people come ……….the Village to Mountain. I don’t want…….. stay …….. a cheap hotel.
………..my birthday I celebrate ………my family How can I get (llegar)……………a bank?
He gets up (levantar)……………ground (suelo) This raquet belongs (pertenecer) ………..him.
Freddy always goes............University...........bus but he He goes……….the hospital……....bus. He starts……… ten
stays...........home.............weekend o’clock and works until (hasta)………… Five.
Marc wants............sell his horse............the town ………..Thursdays and Fridays he works…….. home. He
I don’t feel sorry (pena)………….Bratt. He is very mean has a computer………his bedroom and he writes
I was born (naci).............Africa......... 1970. stories……….. the evening
My father lives ………. Florida ………….his new family They look in the newspaper to see what’s ……..TV. They
What can I do ……………you? usually go………. bed …………..11 o’clock
He drives all the way (camino)……………Colorado. They go fishing ……………. the river every week
I go ……. the beach ………….my friends. What’s the film ………………….?
. ……… May 10, Juaquin had (tuvo) a baby girl. She starts marching ……….. The Prosecutor’s office…….
The movie starts (empezar)……….…..8:00 o’clock The city courthouse (palacio de justicia).
………… I add some garlic (ajo)……...the sauce (salsa)? I want a single room ………….2 nights
A strange man escaped (escapar)…………..jail (cárcel) …………..Friday, July 13th ………….Sunday 15th
We always dream ………..wedding, never …….….divorces He teaches ………. a university ……. the UK.
He cuts (cortar) meat (carne)………….. a knife (cuchillo) I’m good ………....speaking English
I’m sending (enviar) the emails ……… them right now. I’m interested ……..languages
She works a lot …… give me everything ……… the world She has a box ………candy and some ….….my popcorn
She wants ……..stay ……….a few weeks I was (estaba) just……… my friends last night
I need you ……do something ………me I need a taxi ……………my office ……… the airport.
They’re my friends……………..English class She is …… a train ……… Barcelona ……… Madrid
Now I need to buy new pillow ……… the dog to sleep on I spend more time ……….her
Could you write a note ……...Mr. Martinez? I was a guest ……..…your weeding (boda)
I’m excited ………….my date (cita)………..Gabriel tonight. He is mad ………./ angry…….... me
I have a date ……………a different guy every day this week Alice gets a text message …..…Karla
Bob is traveling ………boat (barco)……..England. We can go for a ride ………… my motorcycle
Oscar gives Eddy flowers ………..his garden. You need……..roast the chichen ……….about an hour.
Oscar makes a call …………..his phone We made a bottle ……...lemonade ……....the party
I spilled (derramar) wine ……… his shirt ……. accident

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Put the correct prepositions
Live vivir, go ir, steal robar, see ver, send enviar, get conseguir, get up levantarse run away huir, want querer can poder
read leer, decide decidir, must deber, there are hay, think pensar, know saber, answer responder talk hablar, hear
escuchar start empezar, tell decir make hacer fall caer have tener listen escuchar eat comer fight pelear do hacer
To (a la) in (en) from (de) with (con) about (acerca de) on (en/sobre), go up/down (subir/ bajar) away (alejarse,
marcharse), back (regresar), out (salir) over there (por allá)
1. He …lives… (live) …in… New York. 25. She ………………..(worry)………….her baby a lot.
2. They ……………..(be) ………..all the rooms (cuarto). 26. I call her …………..accident
……………………………………………………………………… 27. ……….you know the woman ……….short hair?
3. He………………(steal) cars………………people. ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………... 28. He …………(listen) something (algo) ……… the tree
4. The police see him and send him……………..… jail (cárcel) …………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………… 29. This terrible animal …………(want) .………eat us all
5. Then he comes ………….(bajar) ………….….tree. ………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………….…. 30 He…………..(go) …..….…alone ….………….road.
6. Juan ………………(get) money ………………….them (Él se marcha solo al camino)
……………………………………………………………….…….. 31 He ……………(make) noises ………..Juan’s ear (oido)
7. Then he ………………(run) away ……..………..money ……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….. 32 He goes home and tells his wife ……….….the fish (pez)
8. One day he steals some money ……………… a store ……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….. 33 He ……….not have time ….………. run away.
9. They …………(send) him ………..Judge (juez) Kane. ……………………………………………………………….…..
………………………………………………………….…………. 34 The wolf ………….not want to fight………….the dog
10. …………..you want …………...read books? …………………………………………………………..……..
…………………………………………….…………………….… 35. He …………….(fall) …………… the ground (suelo)
11. You can read books ……..………the professor. ………………………………………………………….…..…
……………………………………………..……………………… 36. He goes…………..…(subir) …………. Tree
12. You can go ………………...jail (cárcel) …………………………………………………………..…..…
………………………………………….………………..…..…… 37 There is a spider …………… the wall (pared)
13. He ………not want…….…go…………...jail again ……………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..…….. 38 She………not come ………noble and important family
14. You can fly ……….… us …….…. Africa ………………………………………………….…………………
…………………………………………………………….……… 39 He …………not know what ……….. do
15. You must go ………………..every class. …………………………………………………..…………….…
………………………………………………..………..………… 40 He decides ………read books ……. professor’s class.
16. Juan……………… (go) …………….the first class. ……………………………………………….…………..………
……………………………………………..…………….………… 41 How…… the weather here………..Winter?
17. There are ten men ……………….the class. ……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….. 42 There are so many seats ……… the plane
18. What ……………..you think …..……………story?. ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….… 43 ……….. the train stop ………..that town?
19. They ……..not know how ………talk ……..…...stories ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….…… 44 ……….. you allergic ……..any medicines?
20. Charly …………….(want) ………answer the question. …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………..…… 45 She asked me …….turn down (bajar) the music
21. He …………… (get) up ………………… floor (piso) …………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..…… 46 I’m sorry if you were hurt ………..what I said
22. He ……………not want other men ………..hear him. 47 Look ……...the woman …..…..the black dress
……………………………………………………………………. He go ……………………………..(Él sale)
23. Men start talking …………….….the story He come …………………………(Él regresa)
……………………………………………..…………………..… He walk ………………………..….road (Él baja)
24. He ………….(go) ………….work in the daytime (día) He walk…………………………….road (Él sube)
…………………………………………………………………… He come………………………….. park (ingresar)

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Costumer (cliente) Waiter (mesero) or Waitress (mesera)
 A table for two people, please!  Here you go, the set menu? (el menu principal)
 Can we see a menu, please?  Hi, May I take your order? / Ready to order?
 What do you recommend?  What would you like? ¿Qué le gustaría?
 What’s the house speciality?  Do you fancy a coffee? ¿Le apetece un café?
 Do you have any specials?  Can I get you a drink? ¿Te puedo ofrecer algo de beber?
 Could I have..? (¿Me pudiera traer?)  This way (por aquí), please /Follow me (sigame)
 Can I have..? (Me puede traer)  Bacon poutine is a house speciality
 I would like…/ I’d like? (me gustaría)  Just a moment, please. I’ll be right back ya vuelvo
 Dressing on the side (aderezo aparte)  Anything else? (algo más)
 Excuse me. We’re just missing ()  Do you want a glass of wine? (copa de vino)
 It’s on me / My treat (yo invito)  Would you like more? (Le gustaría más)
 It’s a rip off es una estafa (es carísimo)  It’s on the house (la casa invita)
 What’s the tea? ¿Cuál es el chisme? I’m all ears  Please, help yourself (por favor, sírvase)
 What’s your favorite ice cream flavor?  For here or to go (para aquí o para llevar)
¿Cuál es tu sabor de helado favorito?  Could I grab / take (retirar) that glass from you?
 Taking of the devil (hablando del rey de roma)  Will you pay by credit card or in cash? (pagará con
 Top you off (un poco más). targeta de credito o en efectivo)
 No thanks, I’m a little tipsy (mareado)  Your total will be $ 11. 82 cash or card?
 Let’s make (hacer) a toast (brindis)  Come whenever you like (ven cuando quieres)
 To Rodrigo, Cheer up/ cheers! Salud (brindis)  Drop by anytime (ven cuando quieras)
 Could you tell me where the restroom is?  Thanks for coming (gracias por venir)
 Enjoy your meal (provecho)
 Shall we split the bill? ¿pagamos a medias?
 Did they charge us for the bread?
 The check (la cuenta) / I’d like the check please
 Keep the change! (Quédese con el cambio)
Menu
Breakfast: a coffee and a small piece of cake Drinks:a coffee and a small piece of cake, a glass of wine, a
Lunch: a vegetable salad with my meat, a large vegetable small drink, red or white wine
pizza, a big salad Desserts: some chocolate cake
dinner: another slice of pizza

Conversation Conversation 2
A: Good evening, a table for two people, please! A: Ready to order?
B: Good evening, Mr. and Mrs. This way, please B: The chicken breast (pecho), please.
A: The menu, please A: Fried or salad
B: May I take your order? B: Salad. Dressing on the side (aderezo aparte)
A: Yes, I’d like a pizza and spaghetti. A: to drink? Would you like wine?
B: Anything else? B: Not for me (no para mi). Just water (solo agua)
C: Do you have poutine?
A: Can I have a coffee / a drink, please?
A: Sure, bacon poutine is a house speciality.
B: Yes, that’s right
C: Perfect. I’ll take it and another glass of wine
A: Where are you, Carla?
At the restaurant
C: I’m on my way (estoy en camino). I’ll be a little late
A: Hi, May I take your order?
(llegaré un poco tarde)
B: Yes, I’d like a hamburger, French fries and a coke
C: I’m back (ya llegue)
A: Anything else?
A: The meal was incredible! The check, please. B: No, thank you, that’s all.
B: Will you pay by credit card or in cash? A: Ok. For here or to go
A: By credit card B: For here, please.
A: thanks for everything (todo)

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
ADVERBS OF MANNER (HOW?)

 Lunch is a quick meal for many people (quick is an adjective. It describes a noun)
adjective noun (rápido es un adjetivo. Describe un nombre)
El almuerzo es una comida rápida para muchas personas
 I eat my food quickly and I go to the school (quickly is an adverb. It describes a verb)
Adverb
quick bad sudden careful heavy good 1. This box is heavy (esta caja esta pesada)
Adjectives rápido malo repentino cuidadoso pesado bueno 2. Marco is very bad (Marco es muy malo)
quickly friendly carefully heavily 1. It’s raining heavily (fuertemente)
Adverbs rápidamente amistosamente cuidadosamente fuertemente 2. Please listen carefully (cuidadomente)
adverbios Except: hard late early fast GOOD - WELL 3. I run fast home
duro tarde temprano rápido 4. I know Susie well (conozco a Susana bien)

Beautifully hermosamente Angrily - con ira Slowly lenta…………….. Nicely amable………………

Wonderfully sorprendentemente Actually actual…………..… Badly - mal Suddenly de repente
Dangerously peligrosa………… currently actual…………. … Finally final………….. Quickly rápida………………
Unfortunately desafornadamente Exactly exacta ……………. Quietly tranquila………… carefully cuidadosa…………

Compare:
Adjective Adverb
Feel tired – get angry – it sounds good, look fantastic, seem bad
Sue is very quiet (tranquila) Sue speaks (hablar) very quietly
............................................................................................. ....................................................................................................
Be careful (cuidadoso) Listen (escuchar) carefully! ........................................................
............................................................................................. Our dog plays badly ……..........................................................
It is a very bad game (juego) I wait (esperar) nervously
............................................................................................ ...................................................................................................
I feel (sentir) nervous (I am nervous) The team (equipo) plays badly and it always loses (perder) the
............................................................................................ matches (partidos).
Smoking (fumar) is a bad habit (hábito) ....................................................................................................
............................................................................. ...................................................................................................
Exercises
Complete the sentences with one of there adverbs: angrily badly dangerously fast heavily (mucho) quietly

1. It’s raining ……………………….......................... 4. She shouts at me ………………………...........................

2. He sings very ……………………….................... 5. She can run very ………………………….........................
3. They come in ………………………..................... 6. He drives very …………………………...........................
Put the right adverb or adjective
1. I can understand people and talk …… fluently ……but I make many mistakes. (Fluent)
2. I am ……………………...at grammar but I’m not very good at communicating with people. (good)
3. Please Listen ……………..………(careful)
4. Jane is a …………………….. driver (careful)
5. The homework is ……………………….. (easy)
6. Peter is very ………………….at tennis. (good) He always wins the games ………..………….(easy)
7. I know Leslie ……………………. (good)
8. Teachers work ……………….…. and they don’t earn much money. (hard)
9. ………………. He goes to bed at about 11:00 (final)
10 Susana has very ………………………… eyes (beautiful)
11. ……………………..I’m so happy because I have the best parents in the world. (lucky)
12. Maria always wins in this game. She is ………………………(lucky)
13. If the team can move the ball ………………………..……….(fast)
14. She died (murió) ……………………….. in her bed (quiet)
15. Ariel is very intelligent so he always learns everything ………………………………..(quick)
16. Kevin is ……………………… at sports (good)
17. I don’t know ……………………….where she lives (exact)
18. ………………………………. It’s too late for me to do anything about it (unfortunate)
19. She puts it very ………………………………..(tactful: diplomático, discreto)
20. I had fun today. Get home ………………….(safe)

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
UNIT 3
THERE IS (hay) SINGULAR AND UNCOUNTABLE THERE ARE (hay) PLURAL COUNTABLE
SINGULAR A/AN (un/ una) PLURAL SOME (affirmative) (algunas,/os/)
Some (aff) Any (nega-inte) algunas ANY (negative-interrogative) (algunas,/os/)
uncountable a little (un poco) (aff-neg-int) A FEW OF (poco, pocos /as/) (aff-neg-int)
a lot of (aff) much (neg-int) (mucho) A LOT OF (aff) - MANY (neg-int) (muchos)

Affirmative (singular): SOME Negative: ANY Interrogative: ANY

THERE IS (hay) A/AN (un/ una) There is not/ isn’t: a (un/una) Is there? yes, there is, No, there isn’t
There is always food in the store There is not always food in the store Is there always food in the store?
There is ………..body in the garden …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
There is ………..thing to eat …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
There is ……..……..where to go out …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
There is ………………….body there …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
There is ………………..where to eat …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
There is …………..…thing in my eye …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
Affirmative (uncountable) Negative Interrogative
a little, a lot of, some Any (algo) Neg-Int, a little (un poco), much Any (algo) Neg-Int, a little (un poco), much
There is some water (agua) There isn’t any water Is there any water?
There is a lot of sugar (ázucar) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There is a little money (dinero) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There is a lot of cheese (queso) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There is some meat (carne) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There is some ham (jamón) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There is a lot of fruit (fruta) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There is some orange juice …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Affirmative (plural): SOME Negative: ANY Interrogative: ANY
There are (hay): A LOT OF There are not/ aren’t MANY Are there MANY? Yes, there are
There are a lot of mice There aren’t many mice Are there many mice?
There are a lot of mice here …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There are some rats everywhere …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There are a lot of children …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There are a lot of holes (agujero) …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There are some questions …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
There are several (varias) people …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………

Exercises
Write the sentences with there is / there are Answer the question
1. A collage – opposite (al otro lado) the museum (museo) 1. Is there dairy shop near your house? (+) Yes, there is
………………………………………………………………… 2. Are there many cars on the road? (-)…………………………
2. Three parks – in this city (ciudad) 3. Is there a musical theather in your city? (-)……………………
………………………………………………………………… 4. Are there many toys in your classroom? (+) …………………
3. Many plates – on the tables (mesas) 5. Is there a park opposite your school? (-)………………………
………………………………………………………………… 6. Are there many shops in your city? (+) ………………………
4. A bank – near the shop (tienda) 7. Is there a drugstore in this street? (+) …………………………
………………………………………………………………… Correct the mistakes
5. A sport club – at the theatre (teatro) There are a library round the corner ………………………..……
………………………………………………………………… There is two cats under the tree ……………………………..……
6. Many eggs – in the fridge (refrigerador) There are a flower pot on the floor ………………………….……
………………………………………………………………… There are many flower in the garden ……………………..……
7. Ten girls – in the classroom There is three cars in the yard …………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….. There is two birds on the tree …………………………………..…

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Compuestos de some, any, no y every:
Some (affirmative) Any (negative - interrogative) No (affirmative) Every
Thing Something-alguna cosa Anything – algo, cualquier cosa Nothing - nada Everything - todo
Body Somebody - alguien Anybody- nadie, alguien, cualquiera Nobody - nadie Everybody – todos
One Someone - alguien Anyone – nadie, alguien, cualquiera None – nadie, ninguno Everyone – todos
where Somewhere – algún lugar Anywhere - algún sitio, ningún sitio Nowhere – ningún sitio Everywhere - en todas partes
Choose the correct answers and translate into Spanish
Example: Look! There is someone / anyone at the door …Mira hay alguien en la puerta…
1. There isn’t somebody / anybody at home. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Where is Charly? He isn’t anywhere / nowhere. ………………………………………………………………………………
3. He says (decir) anything/nothing and he goes away (marcharse) alone (solo)
………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………..
4. Look! The refrigerator is empty (vacío). There is anything/nothing to eat (comer).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. This town (pueblo) is boring (aburrido). There’s nowhere / somewhere to go (ir)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Is there anywhere /somewhere to go tonight (esta noche)? …………………………………………………………………
7. Anything / something else (más)? ………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. There isn’t anyone / someone else who (quien) knows (saber) about (acerca de) this (esto).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I want (querer) to live (vivir) somewhere / anywhere else (más)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. He doesn’t say (decir) nothing / anything …………………………………………………………………………….…
11. Nobody / anybody controls (controlar) the information on the internet and everyone can (poder) use (usar) it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. You mustn’t give (no debes dar) anybody / somebody your name (nombre), address (dirección), or phone number.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
13. Do you need (necesitar) something / anything else (más) from (de) the store (tienda)?
…………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………….……
14. My neighbours used to fight like cat and dog …………….thing (cualquier cosa)
15. Something / anything I have to get off my chest ……………………………………………………………………………

Complete the sentences with SOME, ANY, and NO compounds: Did anybody phone? ¿Ha llamado alguien?

1. Look! There is ………body in the row (fila). We’re lucky. ……………………………………………………………………

2. There’s ………………thing I want to ask you. ………………………………………………………………….………….…
3. The dog always sleeps near chickens so (así que) …………….. animals can (puede) get (llevar) them
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Do you always go to ……………where exciting on the weekend?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….…
5. I’m worried (preocupada) because I have ……………………thing to wear to the wedding (boda)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Where’s Ruby? She isn’t ………..……where in the library.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….……
7. Let’s go ……………….where nice on Sunday ………………………………………………………………………………..
8. There’s ……………thing in the refrigerator to eat! Let’s order a pizza.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I’m alone at home. There is ………body here. ………………………………………………………………………………..
10. She is bored. There is ………………thing to watch on TV.
11. Today I don’t feel like going ……………….thing (no tengo ganas de hacer ………………………)

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Exercises
Uncountables nouns: Salt (sal), wine (vino), soup (sopa), toothpaste (pasta dental), paper (papel), blood (sangre), rock,
flour (harina), sand (arena), perfume, cream (crema), light (luz), milk (leche), beer (cerveza), beef (carne de vaca), coffee,
water (agua), homework (tarea) work (trabajo), honey (miel), tea (té), ice (hielo), wood (madera), hair (cabello), gold (oro),
rice (arroz), salmon, yogurt, money (dinero), candy (dulce), advice (consejo), weather (clima), news (noticia), tear (lágrima),
fruit (fruta), furniture (muebles), pasta, ham (jamón), jam (mermelada), juice (jugo), ice-cream (helado), love, bread (pan),
chocolate, sugar (azucar), fire (fuego), oil (gasolina), baggage (equipaje), cheese (queso), time (tiempo)

Choose the correct SOME OR ANY

There is ………………… beer in the fridge ………………………………………………………………………………………………...................................
Are there ………………… grapes in the kitchen? …………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
There isn’t ………………. wine in my glass ………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
There aren’t ………………lions in Bolivia ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………...
There are ……………… vegetables in the oven (horno) ………………………………………………………………….…………………….…….
There aren’t ……………. buses on Sundays ………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
Is there …………….soup? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Are there ……………..puppies in your house? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
There isn’t …………..jam in the fridge …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
Are there …………….mice at home? ………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
There is ……………..bread on the table…………………………………………………………………………………………………
There aren’t …………..girls in this team (equipo)……………………………………………………………………………..…………
There is ……………..furniture in the bedroom …………………………………………………………………………………………
There aren’t ……………dogs in this street ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Are there ………………..toys in those boxes? ……………………………………………………………………………………………
There is ………………..milk in the fridge ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………
Is there ……………..beef in the fridge? …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Choose the correct A LOT OF, MANY or MUCH

There are a lot of wolves in the forest (bosque) …………………………………………………….……….…
……………………………………… money in the bank? ………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………… men in this factory …………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….fruit in this market? ………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………sand in the beach (playa)…………………………………………..……………………….…….
………………………………………rock in here (aquí) (-)………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………women in the class ……………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………ice-cream in the fridge? ……………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………… boys in this team (equipo)? ……………………………………………………..………..….…
……………………………………… churches in Potosí? …………………………………………………………….………………..
……………………………………… classmates in my classroom ……………………………………………………………………

Choose HOW MANY (¿Cuántos?) or HOW MUCH (¿Cuánto?)

How many students are there in this grade? …………………………………………………………………………….…………….
……………………………chocolate is there? ………………………………………….…………………………………..…………
……………………………eggs are there? ………………………………………………………………………………..…………….
……………………………shoes are there? ……………………………………………………………………………..……………..
……………………………bread is there? ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………money is there? ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………peaches are there? ………………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………carrots are there? ……………………………………………………………………………..………….
……………………………onions are there? ……………………………………………………………………………..………….
……………………………sugar is there? …………………………………………………………………………………………..

Put there is or there are and translate the sentences

1. ………………………… a book on chair ………………………………………………………………….............................

2. ………………………… any milk in the fridge? ……………………………………………………………………………..
3. ………………………… some tea in the pot ………………………………………………………………………………..
4. ………………………… twenty children in the class ………………………………………………………………………..

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
5. ………………………… two beds in your bedroom? ………………………………………………………………………
6. …………………………an Internet coffee in the town?…………………………………………………………………….
7. ………………………… three dogs in the garden …………………………………………………………………………
8. …………………………twenty cigarettes in a packet? ……………………………………………………………………
9. ………………………… a book about (acerca de) computers in the library (biblioteca)
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. …………………………two glasses on the shelf (estante)………………………………………………………………
11. …………………………some pens on the table ……………………………………………..…………………………..
12. ………………………… a lot of people in the bus…………………………………………..……………………………
13. ………………………… a problem with my car …………………………………………………………………………
14. ………………………… one bottle (botella) of milk in the fridge
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. ………………………… eleven players (jugadores) in a football team (equipo)
…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………..
16. ………………………… an mistake (error) in this English exercise.
…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………..
17. ………………………… three televisions in my house ……………………………………………………………….…
18. ………………………… ten questions in this test ……………………………………………………………………..…
19. ………………………… a hundred centimetres in a metre (metro)
…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………..
20. ………………………… sugar on the table? …………………………………………………………………………….
21 ………………………. a fly (mosca) in your soup (sopa)
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
22…….……………… a man reading (leyendo) in the car ………………………………………………………..……….
23….. ……………… some coffee shops in this area ……………………………………………………………………..
24.……………… there any tea? ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
25……..………………..….. more than twenty people waiting (esperando) to see (ver) Beyoncé
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
Translate into English
Hay algo de dinero (money) en mi bolsillo (pocket) …………………………………………………………………………………..
Hay muchos muchachos en mi curso (classroom) ……………………………………………………………………..……………
¿Hay algo de carne (beef) en el refrigerador (fridge)? ……………………………………………………………….……………..
Hay un oso (bear) detrás de (behind) ti (you) ……………………………………………………………………………..………….
No hay pan (bread) en la mesa (on the table) …………………………………………………………………………….……….…
Hay muchos niños en la escuela (at school) ………………………………………………………………...……………………...
No hay mucha azucar (sugar) en casa (at home) ………………………………………………………………............................
¿Hay algo de agua (water) en este vaso (glass)? ………………………………………………………………………………..…
Hay muchos perros callejeros (stray) in la calle (street)………………………………………………………………………….…
Hay algunos vestidos en el escaparate (showcase)…………………………………………………………………………………
Hay algo de trabajo (work) en la oficina (office) ………………………………………………………………………………….…
No hay mucho helado de vainilla (vanilla) ……………………………………………………………………………………….…..
Hay mucha comida (food) en la tienda (store).. ……………………………………………………………………………….…….
Hay muchas mariposas (butterfly) en el bosque (forest) ………………………………………………………………………….
¿Cuánto vino (wine) hay en casa? …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
¿Cuántas personas hay en el cine? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Hay niños más pobres (poor) cada día..…………………………………………………………………………..…………………..
¿Cuántas galletas (cookie) hay en la caja (box)? …………………………………………………………………………………...
Hay solo (only) algunas personas en el curso ……………………………………………………………………………………….
¿Cuántos autos hay en el estacionamiento (parking lot)? …………………………………………………………………………

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Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
PARTS OF THE HOUSE

Knock on the door tocar la puerta Susana. What are you doing here? Follow me seguirme / this way por aquí
Who is there? ¿Quién es? This is my family’s house. Have a seat tomar asiento
It’s me. Susana from high school This is my mother Make yourself at home sientete en casa
What brings you to this neighborhood? I met her at Fernando’s house Cook cocinar, read leer, study estudiar
¿Qué te trae por este vecindario? What a small world que coencidencia Brush the teeth lavarse los dientes
Long time no see. How have you been? It’s good to see you gusto de verte A while ago, I met (conocí) a boy online
Thanks for coming Who do you live with? Have some coffee
I’ll take you home te acompañaré ¿Con quién vives? I must be off me tengo que ir
Bring me some water I had a great time lo pase genial.

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Pronouns Possessive Object pronouns (atrás del verbo)

I YO My ( mi, mis) Me ( yo, mi, me) I give (dar) it to you
You TÚ Your (tu, tus) you ( tú, ti, te) ……………………….
She ELLA Her (su, sus) her (ella, la, le) They remember me
He ÉL His ( su, sus) him (él, lo, le) ……………………….
It Él/ella Its (su, sus) it (el, ella, lo) With me - conmigo
We Nosotros (as) Our (nuestro (os) us ( nosotros, nos) With you - contigo
You Ustedes Your (su / sus) you (Uds., les) With him - con el
They ELLOS/ELLAS their (su / sus) them (Ellos, ellas, les) With her – con ella

Exercises
I’ll love ………forever (you) Is your arm hurting? I’ll be OK. Let’s go Él regresa (go back) hacia el pez y le (him)
………………………………………… check ……..(you) out dice (tell)
What do you need…….(he)? ………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………………
Who told …….(you) that? ………………………………………… Hay un gran oso (bear) detrás de ti
………………………………………… I was so worried about …..….(you) …………………………………………………
Call …….(I) when get there …………………………………………. ………………………………………………
………………………………………… Maybe not, but I sure had fun scaring Jim no le (him) dice nada y sube al árbol
It’s pretty easy to talk to …….(she) the both of ……….(they) …………………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… ……………………………………………….
I really pity (tener pena)……..(he) ………………………………………… Él camina sobre (over) él (him) y lo olfatea
………………………………………… You’re making this very difficult for (smell)
Everybody trusts ……..(she) ………(I) …………………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………………
I want to spend the rest of my life ………………………………………… yo quise (wanted) decirte (tell) acerca del
with …………(he) I know how much this place means to (about) oso (bear)
………………………………………… ……..(you) …………………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………………
She doesn’t want to hear anything ………………………………………… él no es suficiente (enough) bueno para mi
from ……..(we) Then help ……..(I) save it …………………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… ………………………………………………..
………………………………………… It’s not easy for ……..(we) either Un amigo me lo dice (tell)
I’m the one bothering …….(he) ………………………………………… ………………………………………………..
………………………………………… ………………………………………… ………………………………………………..
Translate this tale into English
En un pueblo (town) hay un pescador (fisherman). Él y su esposa (wife) viven (live) en una pequeña casa. Ellos son (be) muy
pobres (poor). Un día él va (go) al mar (sea). Él quiere (want) conseguir (get) pescados (fish) para la cena (dinner). Por algunas
horas (for some hours), él no consigue nada (nothing). Luego (Then), en la noche (in the evening), él atrapa (get) un pescado
grande (big) y gordo
“Por favor no me comas (eat)” dice (say) el pez. “Dime (tell) que (what) tu quieres y yo puedo (can) dártelo (give).” El pescador
pone (put) al pescado de regreso (back) en el mar. Él se va (go) a casa y le dice (say) a su esposa acerca del pescado.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book

Go home ve a casa goes /gous/ va Be (am, is, are ) There is/are hay
Talk to hablar con Help ayudar Ask preguntar Eat comer
Say/tell decir Have/has tener Take into meter Sleep dormir
Know saber Live vivir Take out sacar Close cerrar
Go back regresar Can poder Do – does hacer Like gustar
Vocabulary
Big grande Wise sabio Horse caballo Again otra vez Then luego
Little pequeño A few pocos Cow vaca Without sin Now ahora
Happy feliz This esta Pig cerdo All todos Week semana
Town pueblo Way manera Chicken gallina Room cuarto So así
Wife esposa Bad malo, mal What lo que Bed cama Food comida

The big family in a little house (Source: reading books for pleasure)

Vladimir does not know what to do. He has a big family. And he lives in a little house. He is not very happy. One day he goes
to town. He talks to a wise woman. Please help me,” he says. “My wife and I have six children. We live in a very little house.
There are eight people in so a few rooms! We cannot live this way!” She asks, “How many animals do you have? We have a
horse, a cow, two pigs, and four chickens, says Vladimir.
“Good. Go home now”, says the wise woman. “Take all your animals into the house with you.”
“Our animals!” says Vladimir. He goes home and does what the wise woman tells to him. The next week, he goes back to the
wise woman.
“This is very bad!” he says. “The animals eat our food. They are in all the rooms. They sleep in our beds.”
The wise woman closes her eyes again. Then she tells to Vladimir, Now go home. Take the animals out of the house. The next
day, he goes back to the wise woman. This time he is happy.
“Thank you, thank you,” he says. “It’s very different without the animals. Now we can eat. Now we can sleep. Now we like our
house. Thank you for your help. You are a very wise woman!”
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Answer the questions
1. Where does Vladimir live? He ……………….
2. Why does he talk to a wise woman? Because he ………… a problem. He ……… a big family but he …….. a little house.
3. What does the woman say to him? He should (deber) …..............................................................
4. What happens (pasa) when he takes all his animals into the house?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What happens when he takes all his animals out of the house?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What is the lesson?

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MODAL VERBS
Affirmative CAN (poder) Negative Interrogative
I / you / they/ we can do I / you / they/ we can not do Can I / you / they/ we do?
She/ he / it can play She/ he / it can’t see Can she/ he / it see?
You can go ahead It can not be true Can you drop me in the center?
………………………………………….. ……………………………………………… Can I pay by credit card?
We can always hear it. It can’t be! ……………………………….. Can we get started now?
…………………………………………. A: Are you ready to go? Hold on a minute! I Where can I park?
You can make it ………………… can’t find my house keys. Can I see your ID, please? Here you go

Conversation Clothing store

A: Hello. May I help you?  How many items do you have?

B: Yes, please. Do you have this skirt in another color?  Which items are on sale right now?
A: I’m sorry. We only have it in that color but I can show you other  Where’s your discount section?
style.  Do you need help to find anything?
B: That sounds great!  No, thank you. I’m just looking
B: No, thanks, I really liked this style.  Yes, thank you. Do you have these pants in size
B: Where are the fitting room? Or Where are your dressing room? …………..?
Do you have this in smaller size or bigger size?
 Are you finding everything Ok? Yes, I’m
A: I can check for you. What size do you need?
 Just let us know if you need any help.
B: I need a small / large size.
 It’s too small for me. Do you have a bigger one?
B: Do you have these pants in size …………..?
B: I love these pants.  Yes, just a moment please.
A: These pants would look so good on you.  Which one do you think is better?
B: Go try it on. Can I try this on?  Definitely the second one.
A: How much is this?  What are they made from?
B: You’re lucky. They’re both 20 percent off. It’s 500. Are you  Green suits you.
paying in cash, credit, or debit?  There’s a small discount if you pay in cash.
A: In cash, please

At airport
A: Good mornig  Airport
B: Good morning. May I have your passport and ticket, please?  Passport
A: Of course, here you go  Ticket
B: It looks like everything is in order, please put your suitcase on  Suitcase
the scale  Scale balanza
A: Can I keep my carry on luggage?  Carry on luggage equipaje de mano
B: Sure. Here is your boarding pass. Your seat number is 15 B  Boarding pass tarjeta de embarque
A: Is the flight on time?
 Flight vuelo
B: Yes, it is. You will board the plane at gate 6. Have a nice trip.
 Plane
A: Thank you

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SHOULD (deber)

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I / you / they/ we should do I / you / they/ we should not do Should I / you / they/ we do?
She/ he / it shoud play She/ he / it shouldn’t see Should she/ he / it see?
Tom should go to bed late (tarde) Tom shouldn’t go to bed so late Should you go to bed so late?
………………………………………. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………….
You should watch TV so much ……………………………………………….. What should I do?
………………………………………. ……………………………………………….. ………………………………………..
He should drive too fast (rápido) ……………………………………………….. ………………………………………..
……………………………………. ……………………………………………….. ………………………………………..
It should be half the time ………………………………………………..
……………………………………………

MUST (deber): Obligaciones internas (sabes que debes hacer) y dar órdenes (normas o leyes)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I / you / they/ we must do I / you / they/ we must not do Must I / you / they/ we do?
She/ he / it must play She/ he / it mustn’t see Must she/ he / it see?
You must buy a ticket before you enter You must not take any sharp objects on Must I park my car here?
the museum the plane …………………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… Must you go so soon?
Tú debes comprar un ticket en Tú no debes comer en el museo …………………………………………………
recepción (at reception) …………………………………………… Must you be Mr. Smith?
………………………………………… ………………………………………….. …………………………………………………..
…………………………………………
EJERCICIO
Completa las frases y preguntas con must, mustn't, have to o don't have to.
1. I ............................work tomorrow because it's Sunday.
2. You .......................make any noise during the exam.
3. You...........................tidy your bedroom every week.
4. You ..........................forget to turn everything off before leaving the house.
5. You............................have a visa if you want to travel to the USA.
6. I …………….. stop eating cookies at night.
7. The children ………………….be back by four.
8. She ……………….buy her airplane tickets.
9. You …………………use the phone while driving
Translate
Él debe ducharse antes de entrar a la picina (swimming pool)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………................................................................
Tú debes usar (use) uniforme en el colegio …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Yo debo ir al colegio cada día ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Tú debes dejar (leave) tu bolso aquí ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Tú debes recoger (pick up) tu bolso de aquí (from here)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………................................................................
Tú debes mostrar (show) tu pasaporte ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
El turista no debe sacar (take) fotos (pictures) con (with) flash
…………………………………………………………………………………………………................................................................
Tú no debes usar tu celular en clases ………………………………………………………………………………………...............
Tú no debes fumar (smoke) aquí …………….…………………………………………………………………………………………
Ella no se debe alejar (move away) del (from) grupo (group)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………................................................................
Tú no debes recibir (receive) nada de desconocidos (strangers)…………………………………….………………………………
¿Él debe detenerse (stop) en rojo (on red)? ……………………………………………………………………………………………
¿Ella debe comprar un ticket antes de subir (get on) al tren (on the train)?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………................................................................
¿Nosotros debemos salir temprano? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
¿Dónde debo mostrar mi pasaporte? ………………………………………………….…………………………………………………
Tú debes usar el cinturón de seguridad (seatbelt) cuando conduces

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………................................................................

1. I’m thirsty. I would like a glass of water, please.

2. A) …………………………you ………………………. A break? B) Yes, we …………………………….
3. I don’t understand this. I ………………………………….some help with my homework
4. Patrick ……………………………….go to the supermarket. He needs milk
5. A) ……………………Tom………………………come with us? B) Yes, he …………………………….
6. A) Can I help you? B) Yes, I ………………………………………. A ticket to La Paz.
7. My friends ………………………………come to the party next week
8. A) ……………………….you …………………….work on Saturday? B) No, I ……………………….
9. …………………………you …………………………chocolate ice-cream or vanilla-ice cream?
10. A) ……………………..you……………………….see a movie? B) No, I ………………………..
11. What …………………..you …………………………do tomorrow?
12. A) Who ………………………………………..some candy? B) We ……………………………….!

13. …………. you ……………. a biscuit with your coffee? Yes, I………………………….
14. Can you order for Ellie? She……………………. the Margarita pizza, please.
15. ……………. you …………….. to listen to that again? No, I ……………………………………….
16. I……………………………….. to get a return ticket for tomorrow.
17. I ……………………….to become a doctor
18. My boyfriend …………………………(not / cheat) on me…………………………………………………………….
19. I would like to take some English classes…………………………………………………………………………….

Restaurant
A: Good evening. I have a reservation for two people. A: I want a delicious glass of water
B: Good evening. What’s your name? B: Ok, I want a salad and a big burger and fries!
A: My name is Lin. A: Oh at a cheap restaurant!
B: Ok, here is your table and here is the menu. B: Do you want to go now?
A: Oh, it’s very expensive, Lin A: Bea, your birthday is important
B: Yes, What do you want? B: The day is important but the restaurant is not.
A: Mm…a salad? A: Ok, good. I’m very hungry
A: What? A salad is thirty dollars. B: Let’s go!
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Be (am, is, are) ser, estar Get conseguir It is going to – va a
Live vivir Like gustar Can poder Put poner
There is/are hay Eat comer Do hacer Stop parar, detenerse
Come in venir, entrar Know saber Have tener Move out of marcharse
Say decir Kill matar Stand up pararse Run away huir
Go out salir Must deber Want querer Hear escuchar
Go away marcharse, irse Talk to hablar con Speak hablar
Vocabulary
MEETING reunión LOTS muchos Big grande About acerca de Dear querido
IN TIME a tiempo HERE aquí Old viejo Another otro Bad mal, malo
Storekeeper dueño ALWAYS siempre Mice ratones Soon pronto But pero
hungry hambriento AFRAID miedo Store tienda This esto Bell campana
SO así que STORE tienda US nosotros ALL todos Answer respuesta
THEN luego WAY manera Wise sabia Girl muchacha FRIEND amigo

A bell on the cat (Source: reading books for pleasure)

A large family of mice lives in a store. There is always food in the store. Another family of mice comes to the store. Soon there
are lots and lots of mice in the store. The storekeeper is not happy about this. He says, “There are many mice here!” So one
day he goes out. He gets a big, black cat. It is hungry and it likes eating mice. The mice do not know what to do. “This cat is
terrible. It wants to kill us all.”

“We must talk to our president. He always knows what to do,” says another mouse. So they go to the president. “Mr. President,”
they say, “the cat is going to kill us all. We are afraid. What can we do?”
The president is a big, old mouse. He says, “We must have a meeting. All the mice must come.”
And so there is a meeting of all the mice. The president of the mice comes in and stands up.

“My dear friends,” he says, “we are in a bad time. A big, black cat is here in our store. This terrible animal wants to eat us all.
But my friends, I know what to do. Your president always has the answer. We can put a bell on the cat. That way we can always
hear it. And we can run away in time.”

“Hurrah!” say all the mice. “Our president is very wise.” The mice are all happy. They talk about their president. “Isn’t he a wise
mouse?” they say. “Isn’t he a good president?” But then a young girl mouse speaks. “Mr. President,” she says, “I have a
question.” “Yes,” says the president. “Please,” says the young mouse. “Who is going to put the bell on the cat?” “Not I! Not I!”
say all the mice. Then they stop talking. They all go away. The next day, they move out of the store

1. Why does a large family of mice live in a store? Because

2. Why does the storekeeper get a cat?
3. What is the cat like?
4. Why are the mice afraid?
5. What problem do the mice have?
6. What is the president’s idea?

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Live vivir Think pensar Can poder Cry gritar, llorar Lie mentir
Go out salir Like gustar Sit down sentarse Want querer
Stay quedarse Talk to hablar con Say/tell decir See ver
Come back regresar Listen to / hear escuchar Run correr Eat comer
Do hacer Must deber Help ayudar Know saber
There is/ are hay Ask preguntar Kill matar Open abrir
Vocabulary
Boy muchacho No ningún Again otra vez The same lo mismo Little pequeño
Sheep oveja Few pocos Happy feliz This time esta vez With con
Some algún Alone solo Wolf lobo Something algo Eyes ojos
Village pueblo Angry enojado Almost casi all todo There allá
Sheep ovejas Then luego SO así que Asleep dormido Every day cada día

The boy and the wolf (Source: reading books for pleasure)

Kamal lives in the little village. Every day he goes out with his sheep. He is with his sheep all day. In the morning he comes
back to the village. One day, the boy thinks, “I don’t like this! I am here with my sheep all day. The sheep don’t talk, and they
don’t listen to me. What can I do?”

Kamal sits there for some time. Then he says, “I know!” and he cries, “Wolf! Wolf!”
In the few minutes, people come running from the village. “Where is the wolf?” they ask.

“Oh, there is no wolf” says the boy. “I want to see you and talk to you.”

The people are not happy. They go back to the village. “That bad boy!” they say.
The next day, Kamal is with his sheep. Again, he does not want to be alone. He cries, “Wolf, Wolf!”
Again, the people come from the village. This time, they are very angry. “You must not do that again!” they say. “The next time,
we do not come to help you again. And they come back to their work.”

That same afternoon, Kamal is alone with his sheep. He is almost asleep. Then he listens something in the trees. He opens
his eyes. It is a wolf. The wolf comes to eat his sheep.

“Help, Help!” cries Kamal. “There is a wolf!” The people of the village listen to the boy, but this time they do not come. So Kamal
runs away, and the wolf kills and eats all the sheep.Moral: In liar’s mouth what is certain becomes doubtful.

1. Where does Kamal live? He lives in a village.

2. What does he do every day?
3. Why is he bored?
4. Why are town people so angry with the boy?
5. What happens (pasa) when a wolf comes for Kamal’s sheep?
6. What is the lesson?

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Vocabulary
Setup – instalación Cover – cubierta Botton –botón Protective – protección
Machine – equipo Then – luego On – activado power cord-cable de alimentación
Item – elemento Support – soporte Ink –tinta on - screen – en la pantalla
Required – necesario Tape – cinta Cartridge – cartucho language – idioma
side – lado Lamp – luz Locking - bloqueo Malfunction - malfucionamiento
slot – ranura Power -encendido Right - derecho Scanning unit - unidad de escaneo
Verbs
Read – leer Allow –permitir Lift – levantar Close – cerrar
Perform – llevar a cabo Fall –caer Fix – sujetar Press – presionar, pulsar
Check – verificar Can –poder, could-podria Remove – retirar Light/ flash – iluminar
Turn off – apagar Redo – repetir Touch – tocar Stop – detener
Open – abrir Refer – consultar Pinch – sujetar Pull up – levantar
Unpack – desembalar Insert - introducir Knock – golpear Push down- presionar
Repeat – repetir Install - instalar Follow - seguir Proceed – aparecer, proceder

Canon Printer
Getting started (guia de inicio) Read me first: To perform setup, place the machine near the computer
Included Items

Check the included items, A USB cable is required

Do not allow objects to fall inside the machine. These could cause malfunction
Lift the Scanning Unit/Cover, and then fix it with the Scanning Unit Support
Remove the orange tape and protective material
Close the Scanning Unit/Cover
Connect the power cord
Press the ON button

Check that the POWER lamp lights green

If the ALARM lamp flashes orange, press the ON to turn OFF the machine, then redo from 1.
This is where the FINE Cartridges are to be installed. Do not touch it until it stops. Open the Scanning Unit/ Cover. Refer to
1 in 1.

Pinch firmly and pull up the cover. Open the Ink Cartridge Locking on the right side. The left is where the color FINE
Cartridge (c) is to be installed and the right is where the black FINE cartridge (b) is to be installed.
Unpack the FINE Cartridge, and then remove the protective tape. Be careful of ink on the protective tape.
Insert the Black FINE Cartridge (b) into the right slot (Do not knock it against the side).
Push down (B) of the Ink Cartridge Locking Cover until you hear a click to close it completely.
Repeat (2) to (5) to install the other FINE Cartridge.
Follow the on-screen instructions to proceed. To select a language, click Language

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Answer responder Travel viajar
Work ………………. Put ……………….. Eat …………………… Must deber
Want ……………….. Take llevar Remember recordar Try – tratar
Know ……………….. Leave dejar Have/has ……………….. Write – escribir
Kill ………………. Go away alejarse See …………………….. Understand – entender
Learn aprender There is/are …………... Live …………………….. Stop detenerse
Give dar Say/tell ……………… Watch mirar Get – conseguir
Need necesitar Like ………………….. Can ……………………. Play ……………………….
Vocabulary
Government (gobierno) airplane (avión) another (otro) Thin (delgado)
About (acerca de) far (lejos) true (verdad) After that (después de eso)
food (comida) place (lugar) things (cosas) a long time (un largo tiempo)
clothes (ropa) house (casa) months (meses) more – más
guns (arma) gun (arma) large (grande) a lot - muchos

A MAN AND MANY WOLVES (Source: reading books for pleasure)

Farley Mowat works for the Canadian government. The government wants to know more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots
of caribou (big animals)? Do they kill people? The government tells Farley to learn about wolves.
They give him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on an airplane and take him to a far place. Then the
airplane leaves him down and goes away. There are no houses or people in this place. But there are lots of animals – and lots
of wolves.

People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembers these stories, and he
is afraid. He has a gun with him all the time. Then one day, he sees a group of wolves. There is a mother wolf with four baby
wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lives with them.
Farley watches these wolves every day. The mother is a very good mother. She gives milk to her babies. She gives them
lessons about life. They learn how to get food. The father wolf gets food for the mother. The young wolf plays with the
children. They are a nice, happy family – a wolf family!

Farley doesn’t need his gun anymore (ya no). In a short time, he and the wolf family are friends. Farley watches them for five
months. He learns many new things about wolves. He learns that many stories about wolves aren’t true. Wolves do not eat
people, and they do not eat many large animals.

What do they eat? Lots of small animals, Farley learns. For example, they eat many mice, rabbits. Can a large (grande) animal
live to eat mice? Farley wants to know. There is only (solo) one way (manera) to learn. He is a large animal, too (también) –
a large man. He must try to eat mice! So he does it. He eats mice – and no other (otro) food – for two weeks (semana). After
that, he doesn’t want to eat any more mice! But is not thin, and he is not sick (enfermo). Yes, a man can live to eat mice, so a
wolf can do it, too. Now he can answer the government’s questions about wolves.

In that far place, Farley doesn’t see many people for a long time. But he learns bad things about some men. These men tell
terrible stories about wolves. In the stories, wolves kill hundreds (cientos) of caribous. But this isn’t true. Farley learns that
men kill the caribou. They also (también) kill many wolves.
Farley Mowat never sees the wolf family again. But he writes a book about them. He wants people to understand wolves
aren’t dangerous animals and people stop killing them.

1. Where does Farley Mowat work?

2. What does government want to know about wolves?
3. Where do they leave Farley Mowat?
4. What does Farley Mowat see one day?
5. What does Farley Mowat learn about wolves?

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Put the verbs into Spanish
Be – ser o estar Feel - sentir
Have…………………………………. Like ………………………… Get rid – liberarse. Open …………………
There are………………………….. Can ………………………… Play ……………………. Close ………………..
Say ………………………………….. Do ………………………… Run ……………………. Pay - pagar
Go …………………………………. Make ………………………. Walk ……………………… Forget – olvidar
See - ver Come - venir Jump………………….. Start - empezar
Must ………………………………… Want ……………………… Drown /draun/ ahogarse Follow- seguir
Help…………………………………. Give– dar Stop …………………. Should /shud/ - deber

Mayor alcalde River río bridge puente Everywhere en todas partes

Strange extraño After después only solo Anywhere en ninguna parte
Money dinero Water agua behind detrás Quickly rápidamente
Tune melodía lame cojo Suddenly de pronto Of course por supuesto

The Pied Piper of Hamelin

This is the town of Hamelin which is a town in Germany. They have a big problem because there are rats everywhere! The
townspeople say there are rats everywhere! Now we go to see to the Mayor. He must help us’. The Mayor says, I don’t like
rats, but what can I do? I cannot make the rats go away’, the townspeople are very angry.

A strange man comes to the town. He wants to see the Mayor. The strange man is the Pied Piper. The Pied Piper says to the
Mayor. Can you give me any money to get rid of the rats? The Mayor says, yes, of course. The Pied Piper is very happy. The
Pied Piper starts to play a tune. Suddenly, all the rats in town run behind him. They all come running after him. He wants into
the river. All the rats jump into the water and drown.

The Pied Piper says to the Mayor, ‘there aren’t any rats anywhere. Please give me my money, No, says the Mayor. ‘Go away!
We do not want you here and forget your money. So, The Pied Piper plays a different tune. The children like the tune that the
Pied Piper plays. Suddenly all the children follow him. There is a lame boy who can’t run very fast. They walk across the bridge.

They come to a mountain but they do not stop. The mountain opens up. The Pied Piper walks into the mountain and the children
walk in after him. The lame boy wants to walk in too, but the mountain closes up quickly. He is very sad and he goes back
home. Everybody is very angry with the mayor who feels very guilty, now there are not children in Hamelin, only one who he
tells the story.

1. Where is town of Hamelin?

2. What do they have problem?
3. Why does a strange man come to the town?
4. How does the Pied Piper do to get rid the townspeople of rats?
5. What does he do when the mayor doesn’t want to pay him?
6. Why do the children follow him?
7. Why are the people angry with the mayor?
8. What is the lesson?

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Translate
Marco y Ana están pagando (pay) la renta (the rent) Ellos no están saliendo (date)
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
¿Por qué Maria está llorando (cry) ahora? Está oscureciendo (get dark)
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
¿Cómo te estás sintiendo (feel) hoy? ¿Quién está ganando (win)?
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
Ella no está engañando (cheat on) a su enamorado Está lloviendo (rain) ahora
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. Alex se está enamorando de (fall in love with) Carla
¿Qué tipo de juego ella está comprando (buy)? …………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. ¿Te estás yendo a casa (leave home) ahora?
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
¿Qué haces (do) en este momento? Para Javier, te estás comiendo mi comida
…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………….…………………………………
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Put in order sentences in the present continuous tense
Dance (bailar), sit (sentarse), choose (escoger), drink (tomar), eat, show (mostrar), try (tratar) sleep (dormir) get a cold
1. Ann and Peter/ dance / in the party …………………………………………………………………………………………….…
2. Sarah and Bill / sit / on the sofa …………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
3. Katie / choose/ a Cd …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mark / drink / champagne ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Bertha and Dave /eat / crisps ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
6. Justin / show / Lucinda a photograph ………………………………………………………………………………………..……
7. I / try to avoid getting the flu ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Andy / sleep / at the moment ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The dog / bark / a lot at the moment………………………………………………………………………………………..……..
10. It / rain / a lot now…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….......
11. You / get / a crush on him ………………………………………………………………………………………………..………
12. She / get a cold ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs: I’m doing (present continuous)
Build (construir) cook go have a shower (ducharse) play stand (pararse) stay swim work rain focus (concentrarse) get
1. Please be quiet. I......................................................................................................................................................
2. Where is John? He’s in the kitchen. He…………………………………………………………………..………………..
3. You……………………............................................. on my foot. Oh, I’m sorry
4. Look! Somebody…………………….……………………............ in the river
5. We’re here on holiday. We………………………………………………… at the Center Hotel.
6. Where is Ann? She……………………….………………………..a shower
7. They ……………………………………………................ a new theatre in the city center at the moment.
8. I………………………………………………………..now. Goodbye.
9. Take an umbrella because it ……………………………………………………………… now.
10. Where are the children? They ………………………………………………………………….. at the moment.
11. Silence. The students …………………………………………………….. on the test
12. Bless you, maybe you ………………………………………….a cold
3. Put the verb in bracket into present continuous tense
Question adverb Verb to be subject Verb -ing object
What Are You doing?
Where Are You going

1. (you / watch / it?) Are you watching it? No, you can turn it off (lo estas viendo? No, lo puedes apagar)
2. (you / go / now?) …………………………………………………..…………..? Yes, see you tomorrow
3. (it / rain?) …………………………………………………………….…………..? No, not at the moment
4. (you /enjoy/ the film?) ………………………………………….………………….? Yes, it’s very funny.
5. (that clock / work? )………………………………………………………….……..? No, it’s broken
6. (you / write/ a letter?) ……………………………………………………………….…? Yes, to my sister
7. (Where/you/go now?) …………………………………………………………………………..…? I’m going to a party.
8. (What/you/read at the moment?) ……………………………………………………………………? Portrait of Dorian Gray
9. (How/it/go in the highschool?) ……………………………………………………………………………………..? Terrible
10. (what / you/do now?)………………………………………………………………..………………? I’m studying

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND SIMPLE PRESENT
Present Continuous (I am doing) TO EXPRESS A HABIT: Use the simple for things in general
Use the continuous for something that is happening at or or things that happen repeatedly. (never, sometimes, often,
around the time of speaking. The action is not finished. usually, always )
PERMANENT TRUTH: We use for things which are always
I am doing true. Vegetarians don’t eat meat.
Past NOW future THE PRESENT PERIOD: To refer events, actions, situations
1. The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? which are true in the period of time which -for all we know- may
2. I’m going to bed now. Goodnight! continue indefinitely.
Use the continuous for a temporary situation:  My father works in a bank.
3. I’m leaving with some friends until I find a flat.  My sister wears glasses.
4. You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot to do. FUTURE REFERENCE: This use is often related to
Time adverbs : Now (ahora), at the moment timetables and programmes or to events in the calendar.
The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st
AFF NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE AFF NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am coming I’m not coming Am I coming? I work I don’t work Do you work?
She is running She is not running Is she it running? She works She doesn’t work Does she work?
We are crying We are not crying Are they crying? We work We don’t work Do we work?
Exercises
1. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Right
2. The water boils now. Can you turn it off? Wrong it is boiling
3. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. ………………………………………………………………
4. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? ………………………………………………………………
5. The moon goes round the earth ………………………………………………………………
6. I must go now. It gets late. ………………………………………………………………
7. I usually go to work by car ………………………………………………………………
8. Hurry up! It’s time to leave. OK, I come ………………………………………………………………
9. I hear you have a new job. How do you get on? ………………………………………………………………
10. Maria is in Britain at the moment. She learns English ………………………………………………………………
11. I always go to the bed before midnight. ………………………………………………………………
12. Listen to those people. What language do they speak? ………………………………………………………………
13. It doesn’t rain very much in summer ………………………………………………………………
14. Let’s go out. It doesn’t rain now. ………………………………………………………………
15. Excuse me, do you speak English? ………………………………………………………………
16. Are you busy? What do you do now? ………………………………………………………………
17. What do you usually do at weekends? ………………………………………………………………
18. Most people learn to swim when they are children. ………………………………………………………………
19. I can’t stop thinking of you. I dy to see you.
Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous and present simple.
1. Let’s go out. It ……………………………………(not/rain) now.
2. Julia is very good at languages. She …………………………..………(speak) four language very well.
3. Hurry up! Everybody …………………………………….……….(wait) for you.
4. ………………………………………………...(you/listen) to the radio? No, you can turn it off.
5. …………………………………………..…….(you/listen) to the radio every day? No, just occasionally.
6. The river Nile …………………………………(flow) into the Mediterranean.
7. Look at the river. It …………………….………..(flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.
8. We usually ……………………….(grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we …………………………. (not/ grow) any.
9. How is your English? Not bad. It …………………………………………(improve) slowly.
10. Ron is in London at the moment. He ………………………….(stay) at the Park Hotel. He …..……………………… (always /
stay) there when he’s in London.
11. Can we stop walking soon? I ………………………….…………………(start) to feel tired.
12. Can you drive? I ………………………………..……….(learn). My father …………………..………………….(teach) me.

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
13. Normally I ………………..(finish) work at 5:00, but this week I ……………………....(work) 6:00 to earn a bit more money.
14. My parents ………………………..(live) in Bristol but they ……………………………..(move) to Miami.
15. Sonia ………………………(look for) a place to live. She ……………………(stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere.
16. What ……………………………(your brother/do)? He is an architect but he ……………………….(not/work) at the moment
17. Jim is always untidy. He ………………………………..(always / leave) his things all over the place.
18. The train is never late. It ……………………………………(always / leave) on time.
Complete the dialogue with the simple present or the present progressive
1) Where is Juan? ……………………………………………………………………(he/do) his homework?
2) No, ……………………….. He …………………………………….(watch) TV.
3) What time ………………………………………………….(Sandra / get up) on the weekend?
4) She always …………………………….(get up) late. She never ………………………….(go) to bed before 11 p.m.
5) …………………………………….(Alex / use) the computer at the moment?
6) Yes, he …………………………… He …………………………………..(write) an e-mail.
7) ………………………………………………..(Andrés / play) tennis well today?
8) No, he ………… He usually ……………(play) well, but he ………………………….……(play) badly today.

Complete the sentence with the simple present or progressive form of the verbs in parentheses

9) Carlos usually ……………………….(travel) to school by bus, but this morning he ……………………….(not go) by bus.
His mon ………………………………...(take) him to school by car.
10) Mari and Kana …………………...(go) to the movies every Saturday. They usually …………………..(watch) love
stories, but today they ……………..……….(watch) thriller.
11) I ……………………………..(not like) vegetables, but my grandma always …………………………..…….(cook) them
for me. It’s lunch time now and I …………………………….……..(give) my vegetables to the dog.
12) …………………………….…(Laura/play) any sports on the weekend? Yes, she does. She sometimes
…………………….(play) basketball.…………………………………….….(she/play) today? No, she isn`t. She isn’t on
the team today so she …………………………………………(watch) the game.
13) A: “What ………… Bob……………. (do)?”
B: “He……………… an architect. He …………………………..(design) really nice office buildings.”
A: “Wow. And what ………He…………….. (do) now? ……… he……………. (work) on a new project in the studio?
B: “No, he………………….…… (work) in the kitchen. He………………………… (chop) onions to make an omelette.”
14) Ariel always ……………………(go) to high school every day but he is on holiday. He …………………….(not go) to
high school. He ……………………………………….(travel) to Santa Cruz now.
15) Marco is a good engineer but he ……………………… (not work) now. He …………………………(look for) a new job.
16) My mother is always at house but this morning she …………………………………….(visit) her friend.
17) What ………………………..(you/do)? I …………………(look for) my cat. It never ……………(go) out for a lot of days.
18) Andy ……………….(speak) English very well but he wants to learn another language so he
………………………….(learn) French now.

Choose the correct answers.

a) What do you do/ are you doing at the moment?
b) Where is Alex? She’s in the living room. She watches / is watching TV.
c) How often does she play / is she playing volleyball?
d) Cats go “miauw”/ are going “miauw”
e) I’m writing a letter / write now.
f) I always watch / am watching “Friends” on TV.
g) My father is a musician. He plays / is playing in a band
h) She is on holiday. She’s sitting / sits in her yard.

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Put these verbs in Spanish
want………………………. say…………………………….. do ............................. Move …………………..
sell ……………………….. have........................................... put……………………… Run away………………..
go ………………………… get on …………………………. carry.......……………….. Help ……………………..
walk ……………………… get off………………................. Fall …………………… Cry ………………………
there are …………………. see ……………………………. come…………………… Please – complacer
be ……………………….. Look………………………….. laugh…………………… Gossip – criticar
Listen ............................. must ………………………… Like …………………… Take - tomar

That’s Not the Way (manera) to Do it! (Source: reading books for pleasure)

Hans wants to sell his horse. He goes down the road (camino) to Town. He and his young son are walking with the horse.
There are some boys near the road. “That’s not the way to do it” says a boy. Why is that man walking? If he has a horse! He’s
right (razón), says Hans. He gets on the horse. The son walks behind him.

Then they see some women. “Look at that man!” says a woman. “He is on the horse and his poor son must walk.”

She is right, says Hans. He gets off the horse and puts his son on the horse. They walk some more (más).
“Isn’t that terrible!” says an old man. “Young people have no love for their parents (padres). Look at that boy on the horse and
his poor father is walking.”

“He’s right,” says Hans. He gets on the horse behind his son. Then they see some girls.“Two people on a horse” say the girls.
“The poor animal.”

“They’re right” says Hans. He and his son get off the horse. They take the horse in their arms (brazos). They carry him down
the road. The horse is big and he almost (casi) falls. They come to the river (río) with the bridge (puente). Some people are on
the bridge. “Look at that”! They say. Look at the horse! They laugh and laugh. The horse does not like this. He moves here and
there. He wants to run away. Help, help, cries Hans. And then they all fall off the bridge (puente) and into the river- the horse,
Hans, and his son. Next time, says Hans, I am not going to listen to other people. I am going to do it my way.

1. Where does Hans want to sell his horse?

2. Why do people say to Hans what to do?
3. Why does he listen to other people’s opinions?
4. Why do they fall off the bridge into river?
5. What does Hans learn today?
6. What is the lesson?

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Look - mirar Have dinner- cenar Ask - preguntar Run away - huir Get = llevar
Look for buscar There is hay Go back - regresar Come out of - salir Must ……………
See ……………………… Fight ………………… Call ………………… Live ………………… Run ………………
Want …………………… Wait …………………… Answer …………… Help ………………… Stay quedarse
Eat ……………………… Give …………………… Be …………………… Sleep ……………… Put ……………….
Can …………………… Sit down……………… Say ………………… Think ……………… Have ……………
Vocabulary
Food comida Wolf lobo Near cerca Here aquí Nothing nada Strong fuerte
hungry hambre Evening noche Who quién Life vida Chain cadena a little un poco
chicken gallina That/those eso Time vez No ningún By al lado Easy fácil
yard patio But pero More más Dinner cena still aún There allá
So así que Then luego Some algunas Too también farmer granjero Neck cuello

The wolf and the dog

A wolf is looking for food. He is very hungry. One evening, he sees some chickens in the yard. He wants to eat those chickens.
But there is a dog in the yard, too. The dog is very big and strong. The wolf does not want to fight with the dog, but he is very,
very hungry. He waits near the yard. The wolf sees a man who comes out of the house. The man gives some food to the dog.
Then he goes back in the house
“Good evening,” the wolf says to the dog.
“Good evening,” answers the dog. He is eating his dinner.
The wolf says, “Do you have food every day”?
“Two times a day”, answers the dog. “I have breakfast in the morning and dinner in the evening.” He eats some more. Then he
looks at the wolf. “Are you hungry? Come and live here with me. This is a good life. I help the man a little. At night I sleep near
the chickens. No animals can get them”. The dog eats all his dinner and sits down. He says to the wolf, “You are always running
and fighting. Your life is not easy. Come and live here. Life is easy here.” The wolf sits down near the dog. He thinks, “Why
not? I can eat every day here, and I can have a friend too”. But then he looks at the dog.
“What is that under your ears”? He asks. “What?” says the dog.
“Look at your neck! It is all red!” says the wolf. “Oh! That is nothing,” says the dog.
“Nothing!” says the wolf. It is terrible!
“No, no, says the dog.” It is a chain. In the day, the farmer puts a chain on my neck.”
“A chain!” says the wolf. “So you can’t run”. You must stay there by the house all day!” “Yes,” answers the dog.
Then no, thank you, my friend. I cannot stay here with you. I do not want a chain on my neck. I am going back to my old life.
Good-bye!” And the wolf runs away, still hungry.
1. Why does the wolf look for food? Because he is very hungry.
2. What does he see in the yard?
3. Is there a cat in the yard?
4. How many times does the dog eat every day?
5. Does the wolf have food every day?
6. What does the dog say to the wolf?
7. What does the wolf say about the dog’s idea?
8. What does the dog have on his neck?
9. Does the wolf want to have a chain on his neck?
10. Does the wolf decide to stay with the dog?
11. Why does the wolf come back to his old life?

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COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE (the one)
-er / “y” – ier than (que) -est / “y” –iest
Big (grande) Bigger (más grande) than (que) The biggest (el más grande)
One Hot (caliente) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
syllable Fat (gordo) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
consonan Wet (húmedo) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
t + short Sad (triste) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
vowel + Thin (delgado) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
consont Red (rojo) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Fun (divertido) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Old (viejo) Older (mayor) than (que) The oldest (el mayor)
mean (malvado) meaner (más malvado) than The meanest (el más malvado)
Strong (fuerte) Stronger (más fuerte) than The strongest (el más fuerte)
One Fast (rápido) Faster (más rápido) than The fastest (el más rápido)
syllable Short (bajo) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Tall (alto) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Small (pequeño) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Young (joven) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Nice (lindo, amable) Nicer (más lindo) than (que) The nicest
One Strange (extraño) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
syllable Safe (seguro) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
ending in Handsome guapo ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
-E Close (cerca) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Large (grande) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Two Noisy (ruidoso) Noisier (más ruidoso) than (que) The noisiest
syllables Dirty (sucio) Dirtier (más sucio) than The dirtiest
ending in Busy (ocupado) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
–Y, Funny (gracioso) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
change Friendly (amistoso) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-ier Angry (enojado) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Naughty (travieso) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Lazy (flojo) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Easy (fácil) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Spicy (picante) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Tasty (sabroso / rico) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Two or Beautiful (hermoso) More beautiful than (que) The most beautiful
more Expensive (caro) More expensive than The most expensive
syllables Difficult (difícil) More difficult than The most difficult
The Honest (honesto) More honest than The most honest
adjectives Loving (cariñoso) More loving than The most loving
end in Careful (cuidadoso) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-FUL Interesting /interested ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-ING Boring /bored aburrido ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-OUS Selfish (egoísta) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-IVE Delicious (delicioso) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-ISH Complicated ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-AL Generous (generoso) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
-ABLE Joyful (alegre) ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
-ED womanizing mujeriego ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Wonderful maravilloso ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Gorgeous magnífico ………………………………………… ……………………………………………...
Common GOOD (BUENO) Better (mejor) than (que) The best (el mejor)
exception BAD (MALO) Worse (peor) than The worst (el peor)
s FAR (LEJOS) Further (más lejos) The furthest (más lejos)
LITTLE (PEQUEÑO) Less (menos-menor) than The least (al menos)

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
We work with as…as (tan…como) Ella es tan linda como su madre
You are as wise as us ............................................................... ……………………………………….………………………..
She is as happy as him ............................................................ Susana es tan alegre (joyful) como su madre
I’m not as old as them ............................................................... …………………………………………………………………
Juanita is as bad as me ............................................................. Este video es tan gracioso (funny) como el tuyo
Your son is as good as you ....................................................... …………………………………………………………………
You are as kind as her …………………………………………… La muchacha es tan adorable (lovely) como ella.
She is as mean as them…………………………………………… ……………………………………….………………………..
LIKE (COMO): expresa la similitud
What is the weather like in your country? ¿Cómo está el tiempo / clima en tu país? The weather is always very cold.
1. What is your country like? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What is food like in your country? ………………………………………………………………..………………………………
3. What is she like?..................……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What is the weather like in your country? ……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What is the new house like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Bruno is not like his brother Felix ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. You are like a brother for me……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. It tastes (saber) like chicken …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. I look at (mirar) her like a sister ………………………………………………………………………………………….……
10. Juaquín cries (llora) like a baby ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. ¿Cómo son las personas en tu país? …………………………………………………………………………………………
12. ¿Cómo es la comida típica (typical) de tu país? …………………………………………………………………………….
13. ¿Cómo es el salario (salary) en tu país?......................................................................................................................
14. ¿Cómo es la nueva película? La nueva película está genial (great)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Comparative adjectives:-ER, -IER AND MORE
Luisa is …older…(old) than Alexis. Today …………………………(cold) than yesterday
Cochabamba …………………………..…………Potosí (big) Cats ………………………………..(intelligent) than dogs
Sucre …………………………..……………Santa Cruz (safe) This house …………………(little) expensive than another.
Tarija …………………………………………... Sucre (far) Alba ………………………..(joyful) than Gabriela
This day ………………………………yesterday (ayer) (bad) Alvaro ………………………(honest) than him
Your bedroom ………………………………….mine (dirty) Hamburgers ………………………..(tasty) than carrots.
Physics …………………………..................English (difficult) My father ………………….(loving) than my mother.
Carlos ………………………..………………….Juan (tall) This car …………………….(fast) than yours.
Hawaii ……………….………………………….Alaska. (hot) They ………………………. (angry) than us.
Elephants …………………………………….giraffes. (heavy) Your T-shirt ……………………(wet) than mine.
This movie ………………………………another (interesting) Manuel ………………………(strong) than me.
Ana ………………….……………………….. Diego (good) Barth …………………………….(naughty) than Lisa.
Mary and I ………………………………………... Peter. (old) The green chair is ………………………(comfortable) hers.
My hair ……………………………..………. yours. (long) My hair ………..……………………(long) than hers
I got a …………(good) grade (nota) than her in math class Biology….……………..…(difficult) than physical education
Translate: Talk about your classmates with the SUPERLATIVE: -EST, -IEST AND MOST
Who..is the best….(the good) student in your classroom? Who….……………………….(womanizing / fainthful fiel)?
The best student is …………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….
Who..…………………(the lazy) student in your classroom? …………………………………………………………….………
……………………………………………………………..…… Who ………………………….(mean (malvado/a)?
Who...………………….(the tall) student in your classroom? …………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………… Which ……………………famous tourist attraction in Bolivia?
Who...………………..(the short) student in your classroom? The Flat Salt Lake (Salar de Uyuni)
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
Who…..……………….…………….(beautiful / handsome)? Where.……………………..(the good) restaurant in the city?
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
What.…………………….(the easy) subject at high school? What.…………………………..(the cheap) hotel in the city?
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
What.…………………..(difficult) subject at high school? Which shop………..…………………….(the close)?
…………………………………………………………….……… ……………………………………………………………………

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Choose the correct answer:
a. Tom’s car is as big as / the biggest his friend’s.
b. Who is shorter than / the shortest person in your family?
c. Who is more independent than / the most independent person you know?
d. These sofas are more comfortable than / the most comfortable ours.
e. My brother is taller than / the tallest in the class.
f. Is Jason’s dog older than / the oldest yours?
g. Who is the best / better than singer in the world?
h. We are younger than / the youngest the rest of the class.
i. My hair is the straightest / straighter than your hair.
j. He is more popular / the most popular singer in the world.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective in brackets:
a. Carol is as good (good) as you at sport.
b. We like wearing the _______________________(late) fashion.
c. These trousers are ____________________ (comfortable) than those jeans.
d. She is ______________________ (happy) now than he was last year.
e. You are the ________________________ (pretty) girl in class.
f. My grandma is _______________________ (old) than my grandpa.
g. The red dress is the ______________________ (attractive) in the shop.
h. I always tell the _______________________ (fun) jokes.
i. Your hair is ____________________ (curly) than my hair.
j. My hair is ______________________ (short) than yours.
Choose the adjectives with the superlative
Which animal is slower than a turtle, a snail or a rat ……………………………………………………………………………………...
Which thing is more interesting, the internet or the television? …………………………………………………………………………
Which soccer player is more famous, Ronaldiño or Messi? …………………………………………………………………………....
Which object is bigger than a sofa, a coffee table or a bed?...........................................................................................................
Which city is colder, Potosí or Sucre? …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Which animal is more dangerous, a snake or mouse? ……………………………………………………………………………….…
Which invention is older, the computer or the radio? …………………………………………………………………………………..
Which river is longer, The Pirai river or the Amazon river?...........................................................................................................
Which animal is bigger, the tiger or the cat? ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Which continent is larger, Africa or Australia?..............................................................................................................................
Which of these men is tallest, Ricky Martín or Nacho? ……………………………………………………………………………………

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Verbs
Meet - conocer Make / do - hacer Should - deber Judge - juzgar
Be (am-is-are) ser o estar Must - deber Can - poder Go - ir
Want - querer Marry - casarse Stop - detenerse Tell - decir
Love - amar Look - mirar Call – llamar, decir Talk to – hablar con
Say - decir Ask - preguntar Answer - responder Look for- buscar

World mundo Light luz High alto Many muchos

Sky cielo Wind viento Wall pared Hole agujero
Sun sol Strong fuerte So así que Daughter hija
Cloud nube Parents padres Feet pies Forever por siempre
But pero Please por favor Who quién Where dónde

THE STRONGEST PERSON (source: reading books for pleasure)

Marisol is a girl mouse. She loves Nazumi, a boy mouse. They want to marry. But Marisol’s parents say no. Marisol
must marry the strongest person in the world. But who is the strongest person in the world?
Her parents look up at the sky. “The sun is the strongest person”, they say. They ask the sun, “Do you want to
marry our daughter? “Your daughter is very beautiful”, says the sun. But I’m not the strongest person. The cloud
is stronger than me. “He can stop my light”. So Marisol’s parents call to the cloud. Are you the strongest person?
They ask.

The cloud answers, “No, no. I’m not the strongest person. The wind is stronger than me. We must go where he
tells us. Oh! Wind, say Marisol’s parents. What do you say? Are you very strong? Yes, yes, says the wind. I’m
very strong. But a high wall can stop me.

The mice parents talk to a high wall. Please, Wall. Can you answer our question? We are looking for the strongest
person in the world. Are you that person? The wall says, I’m very strong. But look at my feet. There are many
holes. Nazumi, the mouse, makes those holes. Marisol’s parents look at the holes. Then they go to look for Nazumi.
Nazumi, they say, you are the strongest person in the world! Do you want to marry our daughter? Yes, says
Nazumi. And so Marisol marries Nazumi, and they are very happy forever. Moral: You should not judge people
without meeting
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Why do Marisol’s parents talk to the sun?

2. What does the sun say to Marisol’s parents?
3. Who is second person Marisol’s parents talk to?
4. Who is the strongest person?
5. Do Marisol and Nazumi get married?

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Story #1: All the Difference in the World

Every Sunday morning I take a light jog around a park near my home. There’s a lake located in one corner of the
park. Each time I jog by this lake, I see the same elderly (anciana) woman is sitting at the water’s edge with a small metal
cage was sitting beside her.

This Sunday my curiosity gets the best of me, so I stop jogging and walk over to her. As I get closer, I realize that the
metal cage was in fact a small trap. There are three turtles, unharmed (ilesas), slowly are walking around the base of the
trap (trampa). She has a fourth turtle in her lap (regazo) that she is carefully scrubbing (limpiar frotando) with a spongy
brush.

“Hello,” I said. “I see you here every Sunday morning. If you don’t mind my nosiness (curiosidad), I’d love to know
what you’re doing with these turtles.”

She smiles. “I’m cleaning off their shells (caparazón),” she replies. “Anything on a turtle’s shell, like algae (alga) or
scum (basura), reduces the turtle’s ability to absorb heat and impedes its ability to swim. It can also corrode (corroer)
and weaken (debilitar) the shell over time.”

“Wow! That’s really nice of you!” I exclaim.

She goes on: “I spend a couple of hours each Sunday morning, relaxing by this lake and helping these little guys out. It’s
my own strange way of making a difference.”“But don’t most freshwater turtles live their whole lives with algae and
scum hanging from their shells?” I ask.

“Yep, sadly, they do,” she replies.

I scratch (rascar) my head. “Well then, don’t you think your time could be better spent? I mean, I think your efforts are
kind and all, but there are fresh water turtles living in lakes all around the world. And 99% of these turtles don’t have
kind people like you to help them clean off their shells. So, no offense… but how exactly are your localized efforts here
truly making a difference?”

The woman giggles (reírse tontamente) aloud. Then she looks down at the turtle in her lap, scrubs off the last piece of
algae from its shell, and said, “Sweetie, if this little guy could talk, he’d tell you I just make all the difference in the
world.”

Story #2: The Weight of the Glass

A time a psychology professor walks around on a stage while teaching stress management principles to an auditorium fill
with students. As she raises (levantar) a glass of water, everyone expects the typical “glass half empty or glass half full”
question. Instead, with a smile on her face, the professor asks, “How heavy is this glass of water I’m holding?”

Students shout out answers ranging from (oscilar entre) eight ounces (onza) to a couple pounds (libra).

She replies, “From my perspective, the absolute weight of this glass doesn’t matter. It all depends on how long I hold
it. If I hold it for a minute or two, it’s fairly (bastante) light. If I hold it for an hour straight, its weight might make my
arm ache a little. If I hold it for a day straight, my arm will likely cramp up (calambre) and feel completely numb
(entumercer) and paralyzed, forcing me to drop the glass to the floor. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn’t change,
but the longer I hold it, the heavier it feels to me.”

As the class shook their heads in agreement, she continues, “Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this
glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache
a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything
else until you drop them.”

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
HP Technical Assistance (asistencia técnica HP)
Vocabulary
Main – principal User – usuario assistance-ayuda
Whenever- cualquier momento Ask – preguntar coverage-covertura
Support (asistencia) Question - pregunta against – contra
anywhere else –algún lugar más Warranty- garantía drops - caídas
Verbs:
Obtain – obtener Solve –resolver Upgrade – aumentar Split –derramar
Provide proveer, ofrecer Encounter -presentarse Extend – extender May – poder
Support – apoyar, ayudar Request - requerir Damage - dañar Contact contactar(se)

The fastest and easiest way to obtain solutions. Our main objective is to provide you the best service and support, whenever
you need it. To make your life easier, you have two options to contact us when you need answers to your questions in the
fastest and easiest way. Remember if you have any questions about your HP product, contact us before going anywhere else.
Nobody knows HP products, like HP does.

On-line Support. With just a click, you will find (encontrarás)

1. User manuals
2. Drivers and software
3. Frequently Asked questions (respuestas y preguntas más frecuentes)
4. Technical support via e-mail (correo electrónico correo electrónico)
Our specialized technical support (asistencia técnica) representative provides the help you need to solve any technical
difficulties you may encounter, no matter how small it may be. You can call our Customer Support Center though your local HP
telephone number. You remember to have at hand Proof of purchase (factura de compra), model and serial number of the
product when requesting assistance.
More protection for your investment (tu inversión)
HP provides you with optional services to upgrade your product’s protection and warranty:
HP extends your original HP product warranty for up to 1 or 2 years
HP complete Protection (protección integral HP)
Provides additional coverage against most accidental damages such as liquid splits, power surges (sobrecarga de energía),
or even accidental drops.

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
Translate the verbs into Spanish:
Find encontrar Should deber Look for buscar Think pensar
Want ……………………….. Say ………………………….. Know ……………………..…. Hold sujetar
Marry casarse Ask………………………….. Start………………………..… Disappear desaparecer
Can ………………………... Go …………………………... Put …………………………... There are ……………….
Come ……………………... Talk ………………………… Arrive llegar Go away ……………….
Look mirar Like ……………………….. Do ………………………..….. Get married llegar a casarse

The snooty (vanidoso) rooster (gallo)

Written by Porfirio Miranda
In a small town there is a nice, snooty rooster from a famous noble family. He wants to marry the prettiest hen (gallina) in the
farm (granja) but the condition is that she should come from a noble family like he is.

He goes to the Sucre market to look for the prettiest hen. In the middle (medio) of the road (camino), he finds a young (joven)
and beautiful hen. He starts talking to her “I am from the famous noble family and he is looking for a bride (novia) with beauty
(belleza) but should be from a noble family”. She likes him so much and she wants to marry him, but he says no because she
doesn’t come from noble and important family; he puts his upper tail (cola) and goes away from there (allá).

When he arrives in Sucre, he goes straight ahead (directo) to Market but there are many hens there, he doesn’t know what to
do. What is the prettiest, noble family of all them? He thinks.

Suddenly, a hand holds the rooster and he disappears in a dark basket (canasta). Instead of (en vez de) he marries, the man
puts him into a pot (olla), with onion (cebolla), salt and hot spice (ají) and this is the end for the snooty rooster.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
1. Why does the rooster travel to Sucre?
2. What is the condition for he wants to get married a hen?
3. Who does he find in the road to Sucre?
4. Why doesn’t he want to get married her?
5. What happens when he arrives in Sucre?

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UNIT 4
USAGE OF PAST OF VERB TO BE: WAS - WERE (era o estaba, tenía, hacía)
Affirmative negative Interrogative
I was at home last night. I was not / wasn’t Was I? yes, you were / No, you weren’t
She was at work Yesterday. She was not / wasn’t Was she? Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t
He was tired ten minutes ago He wasn’t Was he? Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t
It was three weeks ago It wasn’t Was it?
You were born (nacer) in 2002 You were not / weren’t Were you?
We were on holiday last year We weren’t Were we?
They were at a nice hotel last week They weren’t Were they?

A long time ago hace un largo tiempo Before (antes) / after (después) Last night anoche
for a long time por un largo tiempo Five minutes ago hace 5 minutos Last year el año pasado
From long ago desde hace tiempo For a while por un tiempo At once de una vez
A while ago hace algún tiempo For a few weeks por pocas semanas Three weeks ago hace tres semanas
About a week ago aproximadamente The day before yesterday anteayer In 1981 en 1981
Three times yestesday tres veces ayer Yesterday ayer When I was a child cuando era un niño
Put was or were
…………. you at home Yesterday? Yes, I was at home Yesterday No, I wasn’t at home Yesterday
......................................................... .............................................................. ………………………………………….
Where ………..Julia ten minutes ago? .............................................................. ..........................................................
......................................................... ……………………………………………. …………………………………………
……….he cute when he …..….a child? ............................................................. ..........................................................
......................................................... …………………………………………… .........................................................
When ………….you born? ………………………………………….. ……………………………………..…
…………………………………………… ………………………………………….. ………………………………………..
Translate these sentences
Complete the sentences using was – were Fill the gaps with the right form was – were
Alice ……………… very pretty when she ……….at school ……………….Mary a singer? (-) ………………………………….
They ……….………at school last year ………………. the door open? (+) ………..………………………
He …………..…….at home last night …………………your sister a nurse? (-)……………………………
I …………..….very naughty when I ………….. a child …………………the boys at home? (+) ……………………………
We ……….……. in London last week …………………you at the cinema? (-)……………………………
They …….……good friends when we…………..at school ………………… the book interesting? (+)…………………………
It ……………..sunny yesterday ………………… your father an actor? (-)………………………….
I …………….. at the cinema yesterday ………………… your parents happy? (+) …………………………
Lucy and Mary ………….….good students …………………the food good? (-) ………………………….……..
We …………… single last year ………………..the weather cold? (+) ………………………………
Put the sentences into negative form Answer the questions using short form
No fue un buen día ayer. ¿Estábas tú enferma ayer? No, yo no estaba
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….
Mis compañeros tenían mucha hambre hace 10 minutos Were you sick? No, I was not
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….
Susana no era una muchacha (girl) gorda (fat) ¿Estaba tu padre en casa ayer? Si, estaba
………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………….…
Mi cabello (hair) no era corto (short) ¿Los niños eran traviesos (naughty)? Si, eran
………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….……
Nosotros no eramos pintores (painters) ¿Estaba Leticia enojada conmigo? No, no estaba
………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….……
María no era bonita cuando era una niña ¿Hacia frío anoche (last night)? Yes, hacía
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………..………

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Put was / were in the sentences (yesterday/ ten minutes ago/ in 1981 / when I was a child/ last night). Use a past tense
1. George ……………….. in bed yesterday 4. They ………………..in the restaurant ten minutes ago
2. Carol and Jack ……………in the cinema last week 5. He ……………………on holiday (de vacaciones) last year
3. Susana …………………at home last night 6. And you? I ………………………………………….

Put in am / is / are (present) or was / were (past)

1. Last night she …………22, so she ………..23 now. ……………………………………………………………
2. Today the weather ………………nice, but yesterday it ………………very cold.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I ……………hungry now. Can I have something to eat? …………………………………………………………
4. I feel fine this morning but I ………….very tired last night. ……………………………………………………
5. Where …………you at 11 o’clok last Friday morning? …………………………………………………………
6. Don’t buy those shoes. They …………….very expensive. ………………………………………………………
7. Last year I …………in Paris, but I ………….. in Madrid ………………………………………………………
8. Where …………..the children? I don’t know. They ……………in the garden ten minutes ago (hace).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. …………..the weather good when you……………on holiday? …………………………………………………
10. Why …………..you late this morning? ……………………………………………………………………………
11. When I …………a child, I …………….afraid of dogs. …………………………………………………………
12. We ……………hungry after the journey. …………………………………………………………………………
13. He …………………… nervous yesterday because you can be intimidating
14. I ……………… at Don Bosco high school last year but I ……………at Tomás Frías high school now.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Yesterday Gabriela ………………...ill, but she …………… better now.
16. I ………..afraid of ghosts when I ………..young but I ……….not afraid anymore.

Put in was/were or wasn’t/weren’t

1. We ………………….happy with the hotel. Our room was very small and it ……………..very clean.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. George …………………at work last week because he ……………………..ill. He is better now.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Yesterday ………………….a public holiday so the shops ……………………closed. They’re open today.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. …………….Sue and Bill at the party? Susana …………………..there but Bill …………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Where are my keys? I don’t know. They ………………………..on the table but they’re not there now.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. You …………….at home last night. Where……………you? ……………………………………………………
7. How ……………….. the movie? The movie ………………………. terrible.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Write the questions. Use the words in brackets

(late / why / this morning / you?) ………………………………………………………………………. The traffic was bad.
(difficult / your exam?) ………………………………………………………………………………… No, it was easy
(last week / where / Ann and Chris?) ………………………………………………………………….They were on holiday
(nice / the weather / last week?) ……………………………………………………………………….. Yes, it was beautiful
(How / the exam?)…………………………………………………………………………………….. It was terrible
(your classmates / at high school?) ……………………………………………………………………….Yes, they were.
(Who the most popular girl / at high school?) ……………………………………………………………........................
(you / Where / last night?)…………………………………………………………………………………..I was at home.
(Where / your parents / born?) ……………………………………………………………..They were born in Italy.
(What day/ yesterday?) …………………………………………………………….it was Monday.

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THERE WAS (SINGULAR) – THERE WERE (PLURAL) (HABÍA)
There was a beautiful princess There was not a beautiful princess Was there a princess?Yes, there was
There wasn’t a beautiful princess No, there wasn’t
There were some dogs at home There were no any dogs at home Were there any dogs? Yes, there were
There weren’t any dogs at home No, there weren’t

Complete there was or there were

……………………………… an orange in the bowl
………………………………. three oranges in the bowl
……………………………. a supermarket near my house
……………………………… two puppies in the basket
………………………. many bottles of milk in the fridge
……………………………… only one pen on the table
……………………………… a lot of noise in the street
………………………………eight children in the street
………………a small shop between the bank and church
……………………………… some crayons on the desk
…………………………….. an old woman in the street
………………………….. a huge crocodile in the river. Bed – cama Desk escritorio Sink lavadero
Change the following sentences into the negative form Chair silla Cloths ropa Mirror espejo
There was a strange man in the town Lamp Fridge refrigerador Cooker cocina
……………………………………………………………. Table – mesa Window ventana Door puerta
There were many problems in the factory Sofa Chest of drawers Plant planta
……………………………………………………………. Armchair sillón Bin tacho de basura Toilet retrete
There was much water in the shower Towel toalla Washing machine Pillow almohada
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………….
There were some wolves in the forest ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………….
There were interesting places to meet ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………….
There was a pretty girl in my classroom ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………….
There were many men in Professor’s class ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………….
There was some wine in my glass ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………….
Complete was – were or there was – there were ……………………………………………………………………….
America ……………… born on May 12, 1492 ……………………………………………………………………….
Simon Bolivar ………………born on July 24, 1783 ……………………………………………………………………….
Translate the sentences into English
He died when he ……………47 years old
Había un gran oso detrás de ti.
Antonio José de Sucre ……… born on February 3, 1795. ……………………………………………………………
He died on June 4, 1830, when he ………….. 35 years old. Había algunos perros en la calle
……………………………………………………………
……………………………… a lot of liberators
¿Había buenos amigos en la fiesta?
………………………………. an old church ……………………………………………………………
They ………………. at home last night. No había lindas camisas en la tienda
She couldn’t go to the party because she ……..…… sick ……………………………………………………………
Había muchas lindas playas en Hawai
……………………………….. three ships in the sea. ……………………………………………………………
We ……………………….…. much hungry last night. ¿Había alguna persona famosa (famous) en la fiesta?
……………………………………………………………

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 Lic. Kary Pacheco Álvarez Basic English Book
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Stop –stopped: Verbs spelt with a single vowel letter followed by a Start - started
single consonant letter double the consonant: Beg – begged Work – worked (trabajar) borrow - borrowed
dim, wrap, quit, slip, grab, chop, trip, plan, bet, hug, drop, knit Move – moved (moverse) ask - asked
Cry- cried: When there is a consonant before –y, the y changes to Live – lived die – died snore – snored (estornudar)
“ i” before we add -ed carry-carried try – tried agree – agreed (estar de acuerdo)
Play/played But if there is a vowel before –y. the “y” no changes. No change in the past:
Delay – delayed play – played Hit, cut, put, shut, spread, slit, hurt, cost, set, bet, let, read
Pronunciation:
I ) Verbs which end in / b/ /g/ /dg/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /r/ / b/ rubbed /m/ dimmed /z/ seized /g/ tugged /n/ listened
/v/ /z/ which are pronounced as “ D” / l/ filled /dg/ managed /r/ stirred /v/ loved
II) Verbs which end in / k/ /s/ /f/ /p/ /tf/ which / k/ packed /s/ passed /f/ laughed /p/ tipped /tf/ watched
are pronounced as “ T”
III) Verbs which end in “T” and “D” which are Grit (rechinar) gritted visit - visited start – started Paint – painted
pronounced as “ ED” Post, add, need

Regulars verbs: only add – ed, - d and –ied

Live …………vivir Smile ……...sonreir dry…………..secar Want ………..querer bet …………apostar
Stay ………quedarse Stop………... parar Die ……………morir Enjoy …..…disfrutar hug ………….abrazar
Travel ……. viajar depart ……...salir Pass ……away morir Rain ………..llover complain………quejarse
Cry ………….llorar Try …………tratar Work ………trabajar join ………….unirse Sneak…. out escabullirse
Clean………..limpiar Love ………...amar peek ………... espiar Arrive……….llegar Finish………terminar
Listen ……..escuchar Play ………jugar Earn …………ganar apply………solicitar Study……….estudiar
Waste ……malgastar Demand…….exigir Beg ……..suplicar Believe ……. Creer Reply …….responder
Smell …….oler Ask ……preguntar Change ……. Cambiar Marry ……..casarse Remember..….recordar
knit ………..tejer Borrow……. prestar Seem ……..parecer practice ….practicar Squeeze……apretar

Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
Clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay work want talk

1. I ……………………. my teeth three times (veces) yesterday.

2. It was hot in the room, so I …………………………………….. the window.
3. The concert ………………………………. at 7:30 and …………………………… at 10 o’clock.
4. When I was a child, I ………………………………………….. to be a doctor.
5. The accident ………………………….. last Sunday afternoon.
6. It’s nice day today but yesterday it …………………………… all day
7. We …………………………… our holiday last year. We ……………………….. at a very nice place.
8. Ann’s grandfather ……………………………. when he was 90 years old.
9. My sister ……………………………….. for two years in this factory
10. Yesterday my friend …………………. to me because she had a lot of problems
Some verbs are irregular. The present simple is not – ed. Here are some more important irregular verbs
Be – was – were estaba, era Find - found encontrar Make- made (meid) -hacer Stand stood (stud) pararse
Begin began (bigan) empezar Fly – flew (flu) – volar Meet – met - conocerse Steal – stole – robar - robo
Break – broke - romper Forget – forgot - olvidar Pay – paid (peid) – pagar Teach -taught (tot) enseñar
Bring – brought (brot) - traer Get – got (gat) - conseguir Put – put - poner Take – took (tuk) – tomar
Buy – bought (bot) comprar Get up – got up - levantase Read – read (red) – leer Tell – told - decir
Can – could (kud) - poder Give – gave (geiv) – dar Ring – rang - llamar Think thought (zot) pensar
Catch – caught (kot) atrapar Go – went – ir, salir - salio Run – ran – correr, corrio throw- threw (zru) – lanzar
Come – came (keim) venir Hang – hung (jang) - colgar Say – said (sed) – decir understand - understood
Dream dreamt (dremt) soñar Have- had - tener See – saw (so) - ver entender (anderstud)
Do – did - hacer Hear – heard (jerd) escuchar Sell – sold- vender wake up - woke up despertar
Drink – drank – beber Hold – held - sujetar Send – sent – enviar, envio wear – wore - vestir
Drive – drove - conducir Know – knew (niu) saber Sing – sang - cantar Win – won (wan) – ganar
Eat – ate (eit) – comer Learn learnt (lernt) aprender Sit - sat - sentarse Write wrote (rout) – escribir
Fall – fell – caer Leave – left - dejar Sleep – slept - dormir
Feel – felt - sentir Lose – lost – perder Speak – spoke – hablar

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Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I / you / they/ we played I/ you / they/ we did not play Did I / you / they/ we play? Yes , you did
She/ he / it had She/ he / it didn’t have Why did she/ he / it have? No, he did
I lived in a small house. I didn’t live in a small house Did I live in a small house?. Yes, you did
You lived in a small house. You didn’t live in a small house Did you live in a small house? No, I didn’t
She lived in a small house. She didn’t live in a small house Did she live in a small house? Yes, she did
Tania lived in a small house. Tania didn’t live in a small house Did Tania live in a small house? No, she didn’t
He lived in a small house. He didn’t live in a small house Did he live in a small house? Yes, he did
Carlos lived in a small house. Carlos didn’t live in a small house Did Carlos live in a small house? No, he didn’t
It rained last night It didn’t rain last night Did it rain last night? Yes, it did
The dog barked ten minutes ago The dog didn’t bark … Did the dog bark ten minutes ago? No, it didn’t
We lived in a small house. We didn’t live in a small house Did we live in a small house? No, you didn’t
You lived in a small house. You didn’t live in a small house Did you live in a small house? Yes, we did
They lived in a small house. They didn’t live in a small house Did they live in a small house? No, they didn’t
Put (did) and translate into Spanish
Where …….. you………………… (study) when you were at high school? ……………………… …………………………………………
Why ………. She……………. (leave) yesterday? …………………………..……………………………………………………………………...
………. they ……………(have) a dog when they were children? ……………………………………………………………………………….….
What …….. you ………….(do) last night?......................................................................................................................................................
Where ……….you…………(get) the flu, Carlos?...........................................................................................................................................
I think I ……………………(catch) it from my cousin Mia ……………………………………………………………………………………………
I ………(have) a sore throat last night and now I feel worse ……………………………………………………………………………………..
I’m glad that you ………………(sleep) well last night ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
The doctor ………………(wait) for the results of the test ………………………………………………………………………………………….
I ………… (take) one pill in the morning and another at night…………………………………………………………………………………….
She ……………….(not buy) a toothbrush at the drugstore…………………………………………………………………………………………..
How much peper ……… you ……..(put) in the soup? ………………………………………………………………………………..
………you sleep well last night? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Example: Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday He went to work by bus.
1. Rachel often loses her keys. She ……………………………………………..last week
2. Kate meets her friends every evening. She ……………………………………yesterday evening.
3. I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I ……………………………………………………………
4. We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we ……………………………………………………
5. I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning he ……………………………………………………
7. Our friends come to see us every Friday. They ……………………………………………………last Friday.
8. Juan gets (obtener) a degree (título) in history. He ……………………………………………………last year
9. I get an A in my English exam. I ………………………………………………………………..last year
I) Put one of these verbs in each sentences with past simple
Catch Throw Cost Drink Win Fall Hurt Write Sell Spend Teach meet
1. Mozart ………………… more than 600 pieces of music.
2. How did you learn to drive? My father……………………. me
3. We couldn’t keep our car, so we ……………………… it.
4. I was very thirsty. I .......................the water very quickly.
5. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He’s much better than me, so he …………………. easily.
6. Tony.............................down the stairs this morning and………………………..his leg.
7. Jim .............................the ball to Sue, who ……………….. it.
8. Ann ................................ a lot of money yesterday. She bought a dress which……………..100$.

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9. When I was in Europe last year. I …………………….a lot of interested people.
II) Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative. 1) I saw Barbara but I didn’t see Jane
2) They worked on Monday but they …………………………………………….. on Tuesday.
3) We went to the post office but we ……………………………………………… to the bank
4) She had a pen but she ………………………………………………………… any paper
5) Jack did French at school but he ……………………………………………….. German.
6) It rained a lot today but it ………………………………………………….yesterday.
7) My father took out the trash last week but he ………………………….. out the trash this week
8) My mother made a cake last night but she …………………………………… this time.

III) A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it. Write your questions
1. (where / you / go?) ....................................................……………………………………………….? I went to Paris
2. (you / go alone?) ……………………………………………………………………………………..? Yes, I did
3. (the food / good (be)) ………………………….…………………………………………………….…...? It was great
4. (How long / you/ stay there)………………………..………………………………………….? I stayed for three days
5. (you/ stay at the hotel) …………………………………………………………………………….…? Yes, I did
7. (the weather/ fine) (be)……………………………………………………..….................................? It was fine
8 (what/ you/ do in the morning)…………………………………………………….....................? I visited a lot of places
9 (what/ you/ do in the evenings) ………………………………………………..…………………......? I went to dance
10. (you/ meet anybody interesting) …………………………………………………………………....? I met a lots.
11. (you/ have a good time) ……………………………………………………………………………..? Yes, I did
IV) Change this composition into past tense and translate into Spanish
My dog, Max (Peter’s dog)

I ………..(have) a dog. His name ………..(is) Max. Max………. (is) black and ………..(has) brown eyes. We live….. together
in a house in the country. We…………. (do) a lot things together. In fact (de hecho), we …………(do) everything together.
When I walk……, Max ……….(walks). When I ………..(eat), Max …………(eats). When I …………(drink) water, Max
………..…(drinks) water. When I ……...(sit), Max ………(sits). We watch……. TV together. In the morning. Max……………..
(gets) up with me. When my best friends visit……., Max ………….(meets) them at the door. I…………….. (think) about Max
a lot. Sometimes, I……………. (dream) about him. We……………… (are) best friends.

See saw ver Open opened abrir Wake up – woke despertar Put on ponerse
Go went upstairs subir Listen to listened escuchar Hear heard escuchar Take off took sacarse
Go went downstairs bajar Sleep slept dormir Switch on switched encender Get out of got salir
Go went ir Be was were ser o estar Switch off switched apagar Get into got ingresar

Put the verbs in the correct order

One night, Frank ……………… he ……………. a noise. He ………………………. on the light he ……………… out of bed, he
…………….. on his dressing gown, he ……………. out of the bedroom door he ……………. downstairs he ………………. to
strange noises behind the door he ………… too afraid, he …………. the door slowly, he……………. a cat outside the window
he …………. quiet. He …………… upstairs, he …………… off his dressing gown he ……………… off the light and he
………….. to sleep.

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Translate the sentences and put in affirmative, negative and interrogative

PAST SIMPLE: He FELL to the floor (FALL - caerse) Basil……….………….. (stand) in front of him
Él se cayó al piso ……………………………………………………………...
DID NOT He DID NOT FALL to the floor ……………………………………………………………...
DID? DID he FALL to the floor? ……………………………………………………………...
PAST TO BE: WAS - WERE - ERA-ESTABA He ……………...(see) the beautiful face in front of him
I was a good girl We were friends at school ……………………………………………………………...
I was not a good girl We were not friends at school ……………………………………………………………...
Was I a good girl? Were we friends at school? ……………………………………………………………...
It ……………..a nice day for walk (be: was - were) He remember …........ Henry’s words (palabras)
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
They…………………… (take) her the living-room You …………….(tell) to wait.
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
She ………………(go) upstairs to put some make up She………………..…( run away) from home
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
The food …………… good (be) Her son……………born (nació) in 1981 (be)
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
The queen ……………. (come) out to see the turtle He…………..a fat, old man with a terrible voice (be)
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
She ………….…always well polite (educada) (be) They wait……… for Dorian Gray the next night
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
A terrible laugh (risa) …………...(come) from the man The wolf ……………….(catch) her easily
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
You …………………… (become) very important to me Dorian turn……… his face (rostro) away from her
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
I ……………(feel) a very strong fear (miedo) I want ……..to see her again (otra vez) (want-querer)
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
Basil …………..........(get up) early (temprano) He walk……..through (a través) the wood (bosque)
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
He ……………………….. (understand) me very well They …………………….a nice house (find)
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………...

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PAST MODAL VERB
CAN – COULD
I / SHE / HE / IT COULD COOK I / SHE / HE / IT COULDN’T COOK COULD I / SHE / HE / IT COOK?
YOU / WE / THEY COULD PLAY YOU / WE / THEY COULDN’T PLAY COULD YOU / WE / THEY PLAY?
Put the verbs in the right order Read this composition fill in the blanks with CAN, COULD
Sleep (dormir) Do (hacer) Make (hacer) Get up (levantar) CAN’T OR COULDN’T
She …………….. ………………….. at 6.30 o’ clock Before Mary enroled on a English course
I …………………… ………………… a delicious cake She …………….do many things, she ………………go
You ………………… ………………….until late shopping and express what she wanted to say.
We ……………………………………... an English course She …………………read a book in English, she …………
Put in negative form …………. watch any of her favorite movies in English. Now
Sleep (dormir) Take (tomar) Buy (comprar) Arrive (llegar) she ……………….. she doesn’t have to listen to dubbed
Juan ………………………………………….. early. voices. She ……………….. pronounce words property and
My friends …………………………………………that car. she ……………. spell in English.
We ………………………………………………the bus One day somebody asked Mary where she lived and she
I ……………………………………………..well last night …………………….. answer her. She felt so bad and felt that
Put in interrogative form she …………………. continue this way any longer.
Come (venir) look after (cuidar) go (ir) borrow (prestar) Her mom told her that she ………………… do anything in life
………………I ……………… a pen ? Yes, you could that she wanted to learn. She …………… certainly take
………………you …………………….? Yes, I could English lessons if she wanted to learn fast.
…………… your son …………….out?................................. After she passed English class, she realized that she
………………they ……………….. their dog?...................... ……………….better myseft.
Today, she …………………..understand much better, she
Translate the sentences into English ………………….express what she wants to say and she
Yo no pude olvidar (forget) tus palabras (words) …………………. certainly give directions to someone who is
…………………………………………………………………… lost.
Ustedes pudieron pintar (paint) toda su casa Now that she ……………. Speak English she …………….
………………………………………………………………….… Help her little sister to learn the lamguage. Her sister says
Nosotros pudimos ir de vacaciones (on holiday) that she is a good teacher and she ………………. explain
……………………………………………………………….…… things well. She ……………teach her a lot of vocabulary
La muchacha pudo hablar en público (in public) because she …………………speak English she is proud of
…………………………………………………………………… herself and she realizes that she ……………….learn other
Ellos no pudieron viajar (travel) a Sucre language as well.
…………………………………………………………………… She …………..speak Spanish and that is the next language
¿Pudieras tú bailar (dance) conmigo? on her list that she knows she …………….learn.
…………………………………………………………………… Answer the following questions
Yo no pude tener un perro cuando yo era un niño 1. Could Mary read in English before she enroled on a
………………………………………………………….………… English course?
……………………………………………………………….…… 2. Could she shop in English?
Él pudo limpiar (clean) su casa.
……………………………………………………………….…..
¿Pudiste tú llegar a tiempo (on time)?
…………………………………………………………………..

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Translaste these sentences
Anoche desperte porque había un ruido en la cocina, estaba asustado que un ladrón estuviera en la casa y lo peor no había
nadie en casa, solo yo.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Anoche soñé con mi padre, él estaba en mi cuarto, había muchas cosas en el suelo, quise recogerlos (pick up), pero mi
padre me dijo (say) no. Cuando lo vi, no era mi padre, era una sombra obscura. De repente desperté y todo era un sueño.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Una noche regresaba a casa a las 2:00 a.m. cuando un hombre extraño se acerco (come up), yo empecé a caminar más
rápido para escapar de ese hombre, tuve mucho miedo porque no había gente en la calle, quien pudiera ayudarme.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate the verbs:
Be WAS/WERE ser o estar Must deber
Say SAID decir Stop………………. parar Run RAN correr
Can COULD poder Ask……………… preguntar/ pedir There is THERE WAS/WERE hay
Go WENT ir/va Think THOUGHT pensar Come CAME venir
See SAW ver Fly FLEW volar Fall FELL caer
Look ………………. mirar Hold HELD agarrar Open………………..abrir
Want ……………….querer Do DID hacer Die …………………morir
Vocabulary
Ground suelo Only solo Bird pájaro Queen reina World mundo
Fast rápido Grass pasto Many muchos Far lejos Mountain montaña
Always siempre Poor pobre Place lugar Turtle tortuga Stick palo
Thing cosa Sky cielo Too también Duck pato Mouth boca
The turtle and the ducks (source: reading books for pleasure)
The turtle was not very happy. “Here I am on the ground,” he said. “I cannot go fast. I always see the same things. I see only
the ground and the grass. Poor, poor me.”

Then the turtle looked up at the sky. “Look at those birds,” he said. “They go to many places.” I want to be a bird, he said. “I
want to fly, too.” Two ducks stopped near (cerca) the turtle.
“Oh ducks,” asked the turtle. “What can I do? I want to go to far places. I want to see the world.”
“I think we can help you,” said the ducks
“Can you?” asked the turtle. “How?”

“You can fly with us to Africa or to America. You can see mountains, oceans, and cities – all the things you want to see.”
“But how can I fly?” asked the turtle. With a stick, said the ducks. “We can hold the stick in our mouths. And you must hold on
with your mouth.”And that was what they did. They went up in the air. They went many miles. The turtle saw many things. He
saw a city and lots of people.

Some people on the ground looked up. “A turtle in the air!” they said. “Run, run to the queen. There is a flying turtle. She must
see it.” The queen came out to see the turtle. “Where is it?” she asked. “Here! Can’t you see me?” called the turtle. But when
he opened his mouth, he fell to the ground. And there (allá), in front of the queen and all the people, he died.

1. Was the turtle happy?

2. Why did he want to fly?
3. How did he get to fly?
4. Why did he die?

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Think - thought - pensar See - saw - ver Go – went - ir Win – won - ganar
There is / there was - había Hear -heard - escuchar Answer ……… responder Say – said – decir
Call …….. llamar Invite……. invitar Run away – ran away- huir Try ……………. tratar
Be was / were – era - estaba Put – put - poner Can – could - poder Cry ……….. gritar
Tell – told- decir Pin /pinned - sujetar Run – ran - correr Start………… empezar
Begin – began- empezar Walk ……… caminar Catch – caught - atrapar Move ……… moverse
Look ……… mirar Live …………vivir Eat – ate - comer Stop ………detenerse
Ask ………… preguntar Clink …… hacer click Shout ………gritar

The tale of horribly good Bertha (el cuento de Bertha horriblemente buena)
(Source: Pre-intermediate headway by John & Soars)

Long time ago (hace mucho) there was a little girl called Bertha. She was always well polite (educada) and she worked hard
(duro) at school to please (complacer) her parents and her teachers. She was never late, never dirty (sucia), never rude
(maleducada), and she never told lies (mentiras).

The children began to look bored (aburrirse) on the train. Was she pretty? Asked the smaller girl.
No, said the young man. She was not pretty at all (del todo). She was just (solamente) horribly good. Bertha was so (tan) good
that she won three gold (oro) medals. One said, “Never late”, one said “Always polite”, and the third (tercera) said “Best Child
in the world”.
Yuk! Said the three children.

Anyway (de cualquier manera), said the young man. Bertha was so (tan) good that the king (rey) invited her to his palace
(palacio). So she put on her best clean (limpio) white dress (vestido) and she pinned (sujetar) her three medals to the front (en
frente) and she walked through (a través) the wood (bosque) to the king’s palace. But in the wood there (allá) lived a big,
hungry (hambriento) wolf. He saw Bertha’s lovely (precioso) white dress through (a través) the trees and he heard the medals
were clinking together (junto) as (mientras) she walked.

Ah! Thought the wolf. Lunch (comida)! And he started to move quickly but quietly through (a través) the trees towards (hacia)
Bertha.
Oh, no! Cried the children. Is he going to eat Bertha? Yes, of course (por supuesto), answered the young man. Bertha tried to
run away but she could not run fast (rápido) because the medals were so heavy (pesadas). The wolf caught her easily
(fácilmente) and he ate everything, every bit (parte) of Bertha, except her three medals. That’s a terrible story, said the aunt
(tía). Not, it isn’t, shouted the children. It’s the best story ever!. Ah, said the young man, the train’s stopping. It’s my station.

1. Who was Bertha?

2. Why did all people love Bertha?
3. What was Bertha like?
4. Who invited Bertha to palace?
5. Where did she go?
6. Who did she find with in the forest
7. Why did the wolf eat Bertha?
8. Why couldn’t Bertha run away?

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There is – there was- había Get – got- conseguir Put it back - regresarlo Ask - asked -pedir, preguntar
There are there were-había Eat – ate - comer Like – liked - gustar Lose – lost- perder
Live – lived- vivir Say – said - decir Call – called- decir Come – came venir
Be - was/were era -estaba Tell – told - decir Have – had- tener Help – helped - ayudar
Go – went - ir Can - could- poder Find found - encontrar Stop - stopped detenerse
Want- wanted -querer Give - gave - dar Rain – rained - llover Do - did - hacer

The Fisherman (el pescador) and his wife (su esposa)

Once (una vez) there was a fisherman. He and his wife lived in a little house. They were very poor (pobre).
One day he went to the sea (mar). He wanted to get some fishes for dinner. For many hours, he got nothing (nada). Then, in
the evening, he got a big, fat fish.
Please don’t eat me! Said the fish. Tell me what you want. I give it to you.
The fisherman put the fish back into the sea. He went home and told his wife about the fish. She said to her husband. “Husband!
I don’t like this old house. Tell the fish I want a new house.”
So the fisherman went back to the sea. He called to the fish, “Oh, fish! My wife wants a new house!”
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife has a new house.”
The fisherman went home. His wife was in a nice, new house. There were flowers in the yard (patio), and she was very happy.
But the next morning, she was not happy. She said to her husband, “This house is very small. I want a big house now. Go back
to the fish and tell him.”
So the fisherman went back to the sea. “Oh, fish!” he called. “My wife wants a big house now.”
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife has a big house.”
The fisherman went home. There (allá) was his wife in a very big and beautiful house. She was very happy.
But the next morning she said “A big house is nice (bien). But it is not enough (suficiente). I want to be a queen (reina)!” So the
fisherman went back to the sea again (otra vez). “Oh, fish” he called. “My wife want to be a queen”
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife is a queen.”
The fisherman went home. His wife was a queen. She had on a beautiful dress. “Now you can be happy,” said the fisherman
to his wife.
The next morning it rained. The fisherman’s wife said, “I don´t like the rain (lluvia). Tell the fish. I want to stop the rain.”
So the fisherman went back to the sea another time. “Oh, fish!” he called. “Help me! My wife is still (aún) not happy. She wants
to stop the rain.”
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife asks for too much (demasiado)! Now she has nothing.”
The fisherman went home. His wife was in their old house again. And once again, they were very poor.
Moral: Ambition makes people lose everything

Answer the questions:

1. Where did fisherman and his wife live?
2. Were they rich?
3. Why did the fisherman go fishing to the sea?
4. What happended when he got a fish?
5. What did the fish say to fisherman?
6. What was the first wish?
7. Why did they lose everything?

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Find found – encontrar Call called (llamar) llamó Might deber Go – went - ir
Tell – told - decir Cuddle- abrazar Hold – held - sujetar Scream ……………gritar
Say – said - decir Get got conseguir, atrapar bury –buried-enterrar Drive – drove - conseguir
Have – had - tener Bite – bit - morder cry – gritar ……… Stop……………detenerse
Know – knew - saber Notice –noticed-notar See – saw - ver Kill………………matar
Be was/were- era estaba Put / put - poner Begin – began-empezar Buy – bought - comprar
Take took- llevar-llevó Race off – correr de prisa Do – did - hacer Die……………….. morir

THE ANGORA RABBIT (written by Andrew Wright and Julia Dudas)

Did I tell you about the Angora rabbit in Manchester? No?! Well, it’s an Amazing (asombrosa) story! A friend of a friend of mine
told it to me. He said it was true (verdad)! Anyway (de cualquier manera), this couple (pareja) in Manchester didn’t have children
so they bought a rabbit, an angora rabbit, you know, the one with long, white hair (pelo) and a little red eyes (ojos). They loved
this rabbit. They kissed and cuddled it and called it sweetheart (cariño) and all that sort (tipo) of things.
Anyway, the couple next to door (de a lado) had a small dog, you know, the sort that (que) bites postmen (cartero) in the ankle
(tobillo). And they said, if (si) our dog ever (alguna vez) gets that rabbit it’s going to (va a) be a dead rabbit.
Anyway, one day they came downstairs and saw their dog in the garden, it was going (estaba haciendo), Grrrr! Grrrr! So they
went into the garden and found that their dog had a very dead rabbit. The neighbours (vecinos) weren’t at home; their car
wasn’t in the garage so the people with the dog took the rabbit inside the house and put it on the kitchen table.
They are going (van) to be so upset (tan enojados) if they know our dog killed their rabbit! Why don’t we get another one? They
might not notice the difference!
So they raced off (corren de prisa) to the local pet (mascota) shop (tienda) and bought one. They found a rabbit which looked
just (justamente) the same (igual) to them. They raced back and put it into its hutch (conejera) and then went back home.
A little while later (poco tiempo después) the couple came home, drove their car up the garage, stopped, got out and went
across (cruzar) the garden crying. The couple with the dog saw them. Suddenly (de repente) they stopped and began to scream
and hold each other (el uno al otro)! The couple with the dog ran out and said over (sobre) the garden fence (valla).
Is everything all right? -No! It’s the rabbit - What’s wrong with it? -It’s alive (vivo)! What’s wrong with that?
-Well, it died yesterday and buried it in the garden!

Answer the questions:

1. Where was the couple from?
2. Why did they have a rabbit at home?
3. Why was the couple next to door worried?
4. What did they see when they came downstairs?
5. What did their dog have?
6. What did they do?
7. Why did their neighbours cry when they saw the rabbit in the yard?

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Study the verbs in past
Say – SAID - decir Open opened - abrir Put - PUT - poner
There is/ are - hay Like liked - gustar Leave – LEFT - dejar
there was / there were - había Listen listened - escuchar Get on – GOT on - subir
Know – KNEW- saber Stop stopped - detenerse Get off – GOT off - bajar
Be - was-were- era / estaba See - SAW - ver Come - CAME - venir
Answer – answered- responder Can - COULD - poder Move moved - mover
Look looked- mirar Think – THOUGHT – pensar Wait – waited - esperar
Close closed - cerrar Wear - WORE- vestir Need – needed - necesitar
Have HAD tener Go - WENT - ir Do – DID - hacer
Smile smiled - sonreir Buy - BOUGHT - comprar Understand – UNDERSTOOD - entender
Talk talked - hablar Eat- ATE - comer Look away – looked away-alejarse
Begin – BEGAN - empezar Drink - DRANK - tomar Look into – looked into – mirar fijamente
Read - READ/RED - leer Stand - STOOD - pararse Take out – TOOK out - sacar
THE GIRL WITH GREEN EYES
Of course, the man in the brown hat (sombrero) said, there are good policemen, and there are bad policemen, you know.
You’re right (razón), the young man said. Yes. That’s very true (cierto). Isn’t, Julie? Julia didn’t answer and looked bored. She
closed her eyes. There were seven people in the carriage (vagón). There was a man in the brown hat; the young man and his
wife, Julia; a mother and two children; and a tall dark (moreno) man in an expensive (caro) suit (traje). The young man’s name
was Bill. He had short brown hair and happy smile (sonrisa). His wife, Julie, had long red hair and very green eyes- the colour
of sea water. Her eyes were very beautiful.
Bill and the man in the brown hat talked and talked. The tall dark man took out his newspaper (periódico) and began to read.
Julie opened her eyes and looked at the back page (página) of his newspaper. She read about the weather (clima) in Budapest
and about the football in the Liverpool. She wasn’t interested in the weather and she didn’t like football, but she didn’t listen to
Bill and the man in the brown hat. Talk, talk, talk, she thought. Bill never stops talking.
Then suddenly she saw the tall man’s eyes over the top the newspaper. She could not see his mouth (boca), but there was a
smile in his eyes. Quickly (rápidamente), she looked down at the newspaper again. She read the weather in Budapest for the
third time. Then she looked at the tall man’s hands (manos). His hands were long, brown, and very clean. Nice hands, she
thought. He wore a very expensive Japanese watch, she thought. I would like to go to Japan. She saw the man’s eyes again
over the top of the newspaper. This time she didn’t look away. Green eyes looked into dark brown eyes for a long time, slow
minutes.
Bill and his new friend went to buy something to eat and drink. The train was nearly (casi) at Plymouth. The tall dark man stood
up, put the newspaper in his bag, and left the carriage. The train stopped at the station. A lot of people got on the train, and
two women and old man came into the carriage. The train moved slowly away from Plymouth Station, and Bill came back to
the carriage. Where’s Julie? He said. She’s not here. The little girl looked at Bill. She got off the train at Plymouth, she said.
With the tall dark man. I saw them. Of course she didn’t! Bill said. She’s on the train. She didn’t get off. Yes, she did, the
children’s mother said suddenly. I saw her too. The tall man waited for her on the platform. He waited for her? Bill’s mouth was
wide open. But ….but he read his newspaper all the time. He didn’t talk to Julie. And she never talked to him. They didn’t say
a word. People don’t always need words (palabras), young man, the children’s mother said. But I don’t understand, said Bill.
She is my wife. Why did she go? Why did she leave me? What am I going to do?
1. What did Bill do?
2. What did the tall dark man do?
3. Why did Julie read the back of the newspaper?
4. Did she look into the tall dark man’s eyes the first time? And second time?
5. What did she think of the tall dark man?
6. What happened when the train arrived at the station?
7. People don’t always need words, young man, what does the mother mean?
8. Why did Julie leave her husband?

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Put into Spanish and in the past
Walk –walked- caminar- caminó Smell-smelled- oler-olió Go away – went away- marcharse
Say ……………………………… Betray ………………………traicionar Eat ……………………………………
Rain ……………………………… Have ………………………………… Want ……………………………………
Talk ……………………………… Fall…………………………………… Tell………………………………………
Be (am-is-are)…………………… Move ……………………………… Get up…………………………………..
Come …………………………… Make ………………………………… Run away ……………………………
Stop …………………………..... Go …………………………………… Help …………………………………..
There is ………………………… Feel …………………………………… Be hot - It is hot - hacer calor

THE BEAR AND THE TWO FRIENDS

Translate into English and use prepositions: IN (en) FROM (de: provenir) TO (a, a la, hacia: dividir 2 verbos) WITH (con)
ABOUT (acerca de) UP (arriba) DOWN (abajo) BEHIND (detrás de)

Un día (One day), Dan y Jim bajaron (walk) al camino (road). ¡Es un hermoso día! Dijo Dan. “Si, este (this) es un buen día
para un paseo (for a walk), dijo Jim. “No llueve (rain) hoy (today), and hace (be) calor (hot).” Así que (so) ellos hablaron (talk)
y caminaron (walk). Ellos estaban yendo (go) a una montaña (mountain) con muchos (a lot of) árboles (tree). Luego (then) Jim
dejo (stop) de hablar. Había (there is) un gran (big) oso (bear) detrás de un árbol. Jim no dijo (say) nada (nothing) a Dan. En
un minuto (in a minute), Jim estaba (be) arriba en el árbol. Luego él dijo (say) a su (his) amigo, “¡Oh Dan, hay un oso detrás
de ti!” Dan no tuvo (have) tiempo (time) de huir (run away). Él no tuvo tiempo de subir (go) a un árbol. Así que él se tiro (fall)
al suelo (ground) y no se movió (move). Él camino (walk) sobre (over) él (him) y lo (him) olfateo (smell). Él hizo (make) ruidos
(noise) en el oído (ear) de Dan. Pero (but) Dan aún (still) no se movió. Después de algún tiempo (after some time), el oso se
alejo (go away). Los osos no comen (eat) personas (people) muertas (dead) o animales. Luego Jim bajó (go) del árbol. Lo
siento (I’m sorry), el dijo. “yo quise (want) decirte (tell) acerca del oso.” Pero primero (first), quise (want) subir (go) al árbol.
Dan no dijo nada (nothing). Él se levantó (get up) del suelo. ¿Qué te dijo el oso? Dijo Jim. “Él dijo algo (some) muy importante,
dijo Dan.”Oh, ¿Qué fue eso? Preguntó (ask) Jim. Él dijo acerca de los buenos amigos (friends). Los buenos amigos no huyen
cuando (when) hay peligro (danger). Los buenos amigos ayudan (help) a sus (their) amigos. Y Dan se marchó (go away) al
camino (road) solo (alone). Moral: The Friends are in the good and the bad

1. Why was Jim up in the tree?

2. Why did Jim say nothing to Dan?
3. What did the bear tell to Dan?
4. Why did Dan go away alone? He ……………………. that he ……………….….. him
5. What is the lesson?

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Police – policia Then – luego But – pero Nothing - nada
Jail – cárcel Again – otra vez Judge – juez Other – otros
Year – año After - Después Highschool – colegio Short – corta
Some – algunas Night – noche School degree - grado Story – historia
Money - dinero Store - tienda escolar First - primera
Put the verbs in Spanish

Live ……vivir Go out of - went out of Listen ……..escuchar Read …………leer

Steal – stole robar Say – said decir Ask ………preguntar Understand-understood
See – saw ver Get – got conseguir Want ………querer Decide ………decidir
Send – sent enviar Run away ran away huir Go – went ir Can - could poder
Have – had tener Like …………gustar Must …………deber There are - there were
Think – thought pensar Know – knew saber Speak – spoke hablar Answer ………responder

LEE UN LIBRO – O VE A LA CÁRCEL

Julio Cortez vivía en New York. Él robaba carros y bicicletas de las personas. Un día, la policial lo vio y lo envió
a la cárcel. Próximo año, Julio estaba fuera de la cárcel. Él dijo algunas personas que su nombre era Jim Rosen.
Él consiguió dinero de ellos. Luego él huyo con el dinero. La policía lo atrapo otra vez y lo envió a la cárcel. Un
año después de eso, Julio estaba en casa otra vez. Una noche, él robo algo de dinero de una tienda, y otra vez, la
policía lo atrapo. Pero esta vez, ellos lo enviaron hacia el juez Kane.

El juez Kane preguntó a Julio ¿quieres ir a la cárcel otra vez? o ¿tú quieres leer libros? Julio no entendió
“Esta vez, tú puedes decidir”, tú puedes leer un libro con el profesor Waxler en el colegio New Bedford. o tu
puedes ir a la cárcel.

Julio tenía 27 años de edad. No tenía un grado escolar. Él no frecuentemente leía libros, y ¡no le gustaba leer! Pero
no quería ir a la cárcel otra vez. Así que el decidió leer libros en la clase del profesor Waxler.

“Tú debes ir a cada clase,” dijo el juez Kane. “Y tú debes leer todos los libros”

Una noche, Julio fue a la primera clase. Había 10 hombres en la clase, que el juez Kane los envió también. En la
primera clase, ellos leyeron una corta historia.

El profesor Waxler pregunto, ¿Qué pensaron acerca de la historia? Los hombres no dijeron nada. Ellos no sabían
cómo hablar acerca de la historia. Julio quería responder la pregunta, pero él tenía miedo de hablar. Él no quería
que los otros hombres lo escucharán.

No, dijo Julio. Porque el final era feliz, pero la vida no es fácil, dijo Julio. Eso no es verdad, dijo otro hombre. La
vida es feliz para algunas personas.
Luego otros hombres empezaron a hablar acerca de la historia y acerca de la vida. Ellos hablaron por dos horas.
El profesor Waxler les dijo a ellos que leyeran un libro para la próxima clase. Era un libro acerca de un joven con
muchos problemas.
Otra vez, el profesor Waxler pregunto, ¿Qué pensaron acerca de la historia? Esta vez los hombres no tuvieron
miedo de responder. Ellos tenían muchas ideas acerca del libro, y ellos hablaron mucho acerca de sus vidas. Por
12 semanas, Julio leyó muchos libros y hablo acerca de ellos. Luego él tenía que decidir otra vez: “Vas a clases o
vas a la cárcel”. Él decidió ir a clases otra vez.

Después de eso, Julio tomo clases nocturnas, en el colegio. Él iba a trabajar en las mañanas. Al próximo año, el
empezó clases en la noche en la universidad. Ahora Julio es un buen estudiante y un buen hombre. ¡No más policías
o la cárcel en la vida de Julio! - gracias al juez Kane y al profesor Waxler – y algunos libros.

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Past Continuous
Come – coming write – writing dance – dancing
Run – running, sit – sitting, swim – swimming, stop – stopping, beg (suplicar), step (dar un paso), set (colocar), wrap (envolver),
quit (dejar), slip (resbalar), grab (agarrar), let (dejar), win (ganar), get (conseguir), jog (pasear), chop (cortar), scrub (limpiar
frotando), slam (cerrar algo), trip (tropezar), drop (caer), pin (prender), slap (abofetar), clap (aplaudir), plan (planear)
Cry – crying try - trying play – playing Lie - lying
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
You / they / we were doing You / they / we weren’t doing Were you / they / we doing?
She/ he / it / I was playing She/ he / it / I wasn’t playing Was she/ he / it / I playing?
rain watch listen play stay rain watch listen play stay Was she watching TV yesterday?
She was watching TV yesterday She wasn’t watching TV yesterday Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t
She …………………….. Tennis. She ………………….………Tennis. ………………………………………
Marco …………………… the radio Marco…………………….. the radio ………………………………………
It ………………….. a lot last night It ……………………..a lot last night ………………………………………
Maria ……………………. at home Maria ………………………at home ………………………………………
Example: Jack was reading a book, the phone rang, he stopped reading and he answered the phone
What happened? The phone rang. What was Jack doing when the phone rang? He was reading and answered the phone.
Jack began reading before the phone rang. When the phone rang, he was reading a book
He was reading The phone rang He answered the phone
First action (unfinished action) He stopped reading (complete action)
Carol broke (break) her arm last week. It ………………………(happen) when she …………………………………(paint) her
room. She ………………………………………(fall) off the ladder.
The train ………………………….(arrive) at the station and Paola …………………………….(get) off. Two friends of hers, John
and Jenny ………………………………………………..(wait) to meet her.
Yesterday Susana ……………………………………(walk) along the road when she ………………………………(meet) Jim. He
……………………………………….(go) to the station to catch a train and he ………………………………….(carry) a bag. They
………………………………………(stop) talking for a few minutes.
Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple
1. What …………………………………………………(you/do) when the phone rang.
I ……………………………………………….(watch) television.
2. Was Jane busy when you went to see her? Yes she………………………………………………………..(study)
3. What time ………………………………………….(post/arrive) this morning?
It ……………………………………..…(come) while I ………………………………………………….(have) breakfast.
4. Was Margaret at work today? No, she …………………………………(not/go) to work. She was ill
5. How fast …………………………………………(you/drive) when the police ………………………………(stop) you?
I don’t know exactly but I ………………………………………(not/drive) very fast.
6. …………………………………………….(your team/win) the football match yesterday?
No, the weather was very bad, so we …………………………………………………(not/play)
7. How ……………………………………(you/break) the window?
We …………………………(play) football. I ………………………(kick) the ball and it ……………… (hit) the window.
8. …………………………..(you/see) Jane last night? Yes, she ……………………………………(wear) a very nice jacket.
9. What ……………………………………………….(you/do) at 2 o’clock this morning? I was asleep
10. I …………………………………(lose) my key last night. How …………………………..(you/get) into your room?
I ………………………………………..(climb) in through a window.
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Vocabulary
Get out of – got – sacar Have a drink – tomar una bebida Can – could – poder - pudo
Smile – smiled- sonreir Move – moved – mudarse Kill – killed – matar
Wait – waited – esperar Stand – stood – pararse Begin – empezar …………………..
Look forward – esperar ansioso Take ………………………………. Think – pensar - thought
Miss – extrañar, perder …………….. Carry – llevar …………………… Ask ………………………………..
Believe - creer ……………………. Fall – caer ………………………… Scream – gritar ……………………..
Be …………………………………. Phone – llamar …………………….. Hope – esperar ………………………
Watch – mirar ……………………. Search-searched-buscar, busco. Understand – entender
Walk – caminar …………………….. Open ……………………………… Understood…………………………..
Go ………………………………… Sit down – sentarse ………………….. Find – encontrar …………………….
Come ……………………………… Say ……………………………….. Melt – melted- derretirse
There is …………………………… Listen – escuchar………………….. Pick up – levantar ……………………
Kiss ……………………………….. Get –conseguir – got………………… Break – romper …………………….
Have ………………………………. Return – regresar …………………….. Put ………………………………..
Adore …………………………….. Drink – tomar ……………………… Wonder - wondered - preguntarse
Comfort- comforted- consolar Hit – golpear ……………………… Hear escuchar ……………………….
Know …………………………… Stay – quedarse …………………….. Talk ………………………………..
Change – cambiar …………………… Need – necesitar …………………….. Must ……………………………….
Realize- realized-darse cuenta Turn round –girar/up subir Sob-sobbed-sollozar, sollozo
Vocabulary
Husband esposo Fridge refrigerador Gin -ginebra Glass – vasos Heavy – pesado As - mientras
Kitchen – cocina Path – camino Ice - hielo Guess – invitado Weapon – arma Heating - calefacción
Beer – cerveza Tenth - décimo statue-estatua Whole – entera Arm – brazo As well - pués bien
Floor – piso Wedding – boda middle – medio Ear – oreja Burglar – ladrón Make-up - maquillaje
Just - solo Dream – sueño back – espalda Over – en, sobre Sip –sorbo Murder - crimen
Ready-listo Thirsty – sed mrs. - Señora Hot – calor Bit – pedazo In love - enamorado
stairs – gradas Lovely –precioso word - palabra Last- último Dead – muerto At first - al principio
Still - aún Party - fiesta today - hoy Couple - pareja Together -juntos Something –algo

The perfect crime (source: Elementary New headway-Liz and John Soars)
Alice Jackson’s husband, Henry, was a man of habit. So it was at exactly six o’clock in the morning, she was in
the kitchen getting a beer for him out of the fridge and watching him as he was walking up the path.
She was smiling. Today the routine was going to be different. It was their tenth wedding anniversary, and some
friends were coming to party at 8:00. There was a big, ice statue of a couple kissing in the middle of the table
in the living room, with twenty glasses waiting for the guesses. Alice was looking forward to the evening.
She was very happy. She had a beautiful baby who was sleeping upstairs, a lovely home and a husband who she
adored. Henry opened the door and came into the kitchen. She turned round to kiss him and gave him his beer.
Sit down! Henry said. I have something to say you. Alice had no idea that in the next two minutes her whole life
was going to change.

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“I’m sorry,” he said. I know today is our anniversary, but I’m afraid of saying you, I am in love with Kathy, as
well we want to be together so that I want the divorce, and about our son, Bobby, he is still a baby and doesn’t
need me, he’s too young. She couldn’t believe what she was listening her ears. She was in a dream. But all is
ready for the party, she said. She walked into the living room. When she returned, Henry was standing with his
back to her, drinking his beer. She was carrying something heavy. He turned. “I love her” these were Henry
Jackson’s last words. His wife was so angry that she didn’t realise, she hit him over the head.
At first he didn’t move, then he fell to the floor. Suddenly Alice began to think every clearly. She took the ice
statue back to the living room, and phoned the police. Then she turned up the central heating, and went upstairs
to put on some make-up. The police came quickly. Is he all right? She asked. I’m sorry Mrs. Jackson his husband
is dead, said Sergeant Tailor. Alice screamed. No, no not Henry! My Henry! Oh my love, who could kill you?
Burglars killed him, said detective Parry.
They took her into the living-room. Sit down!, Mrs. Jackson. Sergeant Taylor, get Mrs. Jackson a drink. A brandy
with ice. Phew! It’s hot in this room. I hope you understand, Mrs. Jackson that we have to search the house
immediately. We must find murder weapon.
The room was getting hotter. Suddenly an arm fell down the ice statue onto the table. It was melting. Sergeant
Tailor went to statue and picked up the melting arm. He broke it into bits and put some Alice’s brandy.
I think we all need one with ice, said the detective because we are all very hot and thirsty. Alice’s friends
arrived. Poor Alice! Poor Henry! They cried, and they tried to comfort her.
Oh, thank you, thank you, sobbed Alice. Please... stay and have a drink, I don’t want to be alone. They all had
drinks- gin and tonic, whisky – and they all had ice. The statue was now nearly a pool of water on the floor.
I wonder that the burglar hit him with, said one guess. Who knows? Said another, drinking a sip of her drink.
Alice heard this conversation, and smiled into her brandy.
Answer the questions
1. Why was she so happy that day?
2. What did her husband say to her that day?
3. Why did she kill her husband?
4. Why didn’t the police get her?

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Wedding= boda, about= aproximadamente, too/also = también, midnight= medianoche, nice = amable, a few = pocos, together
= juntas, suddenly = de repente, noise = ruido, , all of them = todos ellos, outside = afuera, interested = interesar, nothing = nada,
at the same time = a la misma hora, somebody = alguien, just = solamente

be……………………………………… feel …………………………….. stay ……………………………………

play …………………………………… leave…………………………….. call …………………………………….
get married…………………………….. love ………………………………. open……………………………………
remember ……………………………… want ……………………………… wait …………………………………...
come …………………………………… cry ……………………………….. there is /are……………………………….
laugh ………………………………….. say ………………………………. can ……………........................................
sing ……………………………………. arrive ……………………………. see …………..............................................
sleep ………………………………….. answer ……………..……………. look …………….......................................
hear …………………………………… die ……………………………….. understand ................................................

Yo nací dentro de una familia rica e importante en Tyrone, Irlanda. Yo era la más joven de dos hijas y nosotros
éramos solo niñas. Mi hermana era seis años mayor que yo, así que nosotras no jugábamos mucho juntas cuando
yo solo tenía 12 años de edad cuando ella se casó.
Yo recuerdo el día de su boda bien. Muchas personas vinieron, todas ellas estaban riendo, cantando y estaban
felices. Pero me sentía muy triste cuando mi hermana se marchó con su nuevo marido, Mr. Carew. Ella siempre
era muy amable conmigo, más amable que mi madre. Y así que lloré cuando ella se marchó hacia su nueva casa
en Dublín. Mi madre y mi padre no me amaban – ellos querían varones y no estaban interesados en mí.
Aproximadamente un año después que mi hermana se casó, una carta llego del Mr. Carew. Él dijo que mi hermana
estaba enferma y que ella quería venir a casa hacia Tyrone y quedarse con nosotros, para estar con su familia. Yo
estaba triste porque mi hermana estaba enferma pero también feliz acerca de su visita.
Ellos estaban partiendo Dublín el sábado, mi padre me dijo, que ellos estaban llegando el martes en la noche.
El martes llego, y fue un largo día. El cielo estaba oscuro y pronto era media noche, pero yo no podía dormir. De
repente, aproximadamente a la una en la mañana, yo escuche un ruido. Yo salí de mi cuarto y baje hacia la sala.
Ellos están aquí! Yo llame a mi padre, y nosotros rápidamente abrí la puerta del frente para ver mejor. Nosotros
esperamos allí pocos minutos y nosotros escuchamos el ruido otra vez, alguien estaba llorando lejos en la noche.
Pero nosotros no vimos nada. No había luz y no había personas allá. Nosotros esperamos afuera pero nadie estaba
allá y nadie vino. Yo mire a mi padre y el me miró a mí. Nosotros no entendimos.

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IRREGULAR VERBS:
Base form traducción Past simple Past participle
Be (bi) (am/is/are) Ser o estar Was/were (was-wer) Been /bin/
Become (bikam) Llegar a ser Became (bikeim) Become (bikam)
Begin (bígin) Empezar Began (bígaen) Begun (bígan)
Bite (bait) morder bit Bitten, bit
Blow (blou) Soplar Blew (blu) Blown (bloun)
Break (breik) Romper Broke (brouk) Broken (brouken)
Bring Traer Brought(brot) Brought (brot)
Build (bild) Construir Built (bilt) Built (bilt)
Burn (bern) quemar Burnt (bernt) Burnt (bernt)
Buy (bai) Comprar Bought (bot) Bought (bot)
Can Poder Could (kud) Been able (bin eibol)
Catch (kaech) Atrapar Caught (kot) Caught (kot)
choose (chus) Escoger Chose (chous) Chosen (chousen)
come (kam) Venir Came (keim) Come (kam)
cost (kost) Costar Cost (kost) Cost (kost)
cut (kat) Cortar Cut (kat) Cut (kat)
do (du) - does (daz) Hacer Did Done (dan)
draw (dro) Dibujar Drew (dru) Drawn (dron)
dream (drim) Soñar Dreamt (dremt) Dreamt (dremt)
drink Beber Drank (draenk) Drunk (drank)
drive (draiv) Conducir Drove (drouv) Driven (driven)
eat (it) Comer Ate (eit) Eaten (iten)
fall (fol) Caer Fell (fel) Fallen (fólen)
feed alimentar fed fed
feel (fil) Sentir Felt (felt) Felt (felt)
fight (fait) pelear Fought (fot) Fought (fot)
find (faind) Encontrar Found (faund) Found (faund)
fly (flai) Volar Flew (flu) Flown (floun)
forget (fórget) Olvidar Forgot (fórgot) Forgotten (fórgoten)
get Conseguir Got (gat) Got (gat)
give (giv) Dar Gave (geiv) Given (gíven)
go (gou) goes (gouz) Ir Went Gone (gon)
grow (grou) Crecer, producir Grew (gru) Grown (groun)
hang colgar Hung (jang) Hung (jang)
have (jaev) has (jaez) Tener Had (jaed) Had (jaed)
hear (jiar) Escuchar Heard (jerd) Heard (jed)
hide (jaid) ocultar Hid (jid) Hidden (jiden)
hit (jit) Golpear Hit (jit) Hit (jit)
hold (jould) Sujetar, abrazar Held (jeld) Held (jeld)
hurt (jert) Lastimar Hurt Hurt
keep (kip) Mantener Kept Kept
know (nou) Saber Knew (niu) Known (noun)
lead (lid) Dirigir Led Led
learn (lern) Aprender Learnt (lernt) Learnt (lernt)
leave (liv) Abandonar, irse Left Left
lend Prestar Lent Lent
lose (luz) Perder Lost Lost
make (meik) Hacer Made (meid) Made (meid)
mean (min) Significar Meant Meant
meet (mit) Conocer, encontrarse met met
pay (pei) Pagar paid (peid) paid (peid)
put Colocar put put
read (rid) Leer read (red) read (red)
ring Llamar por teléfono rang (raeng) rung (rang)
rise (raiz) Aumentar rose (rouz) risen (rízen)
run (ran) Correr, ejecutar ran (raen) run (ran)

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say (sei) Decir said (sed) said (sed)
see (si) Ver saw (so) seen (sin)
seek buscar sought (sot) sought (sot)
sell Vender sold (sould) sold
send Enviar sent sent
sew (sou) Coser (machine) sewed (soud) sewn (soun), sewed
show (shou) Mostrar showed shown (shoun)
shut (shat) Cerrar shut shut
sing Cantar sang (saeng) sung (sang)
sink Hundirse sank (saenk) sunk (sank)
sit Sentarse sat (saet) sat
sleep (slip) Dormir slept slept
speak (spik) Hablar spoke (spouk) spoken (spouken)
spend Gastar, pasar (tiempo) spent spent
stand (staend) Levantarse stood (stud) stood
steal (stil) Robar stole (stoul) stolen (stoulen)
swear (swer) prometer swore (swor) sworn (sworn)
swim Nadar swam (swaem) swum (swam)
take (teik) Acompañar took (tuk) taken (téiken)
teach (tich) Enseñar taught (tot) taught
tear (ter) Rasgar tore (tor) torn (torn)
tell Decir told (tould) told
think (zink) Pensar thought (zot) thought
throw (zrou) Tirar threw (zru) thrown (zroun)
understand Entender understood (anderstud) understood
wake (weik) Despertar woke (wouk) woken (wouken)
wear (wer) Vestirse wore (wor) worn (worn)
win Ganar won (wan) won
write (rait) Escribir wrote (rout) written (ríten)

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REGULAR VERBS:
Allow (álau) Permitir Gather (gáder) agarrar, arrebata
Answer (áenser) responder Grab recoger, aumentar
Appear (ápir) aparecer Grap arrastrar
Apply (áplai) aplicar Happen (jápen) suceder, ocurrir
Approach (áprouch) aproximarse Help (jelp) ayudar
Arrange (áreinch) organizar Hire (jair) contratar los servicios
Ask (aesk) preguntar Hug (jág) abrazar
Assemble (ásembol) ensamblar Hurry (jári) apresurarse
Attach (átaech) pegar Increase (inkrís) aumentar
Attempt (átempt) intentar Insert introducir
Avoid (ávoid) evitar Install (instol) instalar
Boil (bóil) hervir Involve implicar
Bundle (bandol) enrollar Join (yóin) unir
Bury (béri) enterrar Jump (yamp) saltar
Call (kol) llamar, decir Kick (kik) patear
Cause (kos) causar Kill (kil) matar
Change (chéinch) cambiar Knock (nok) golpear
Check - verificar Knot (not) hacer nudos
Climb (klaimb) scalar Launch (lonch) iniciar
Close (klóuz) cerrar Lift (lift) levantar,alzar
Collect acumular Light (láit)/ flash iluminar
Connect (kónekt) conectar Like (láik) gustar
Contact contactar(se) Listen (lísen) escuchar
Contain (kontein) contener Live (liv) vivir
Cook (kuk) cocinar Load (lóud) cargar
Cry (krái) llorar, gritar Log in/on/ into/onto entrar al sistema
Cuddle (kádol) hacer mimos Log off/ out salir del sistema
Damage (dámich) dañar Look (luk) mirar
Dance (daens) bailar Look for (lukfor) buscar
Debug (díbag) eliminar, limpiar Manage (máenich) dirigir
Delete (dílit) borrar Marry (mári) casarse
Depart (dípart) salir Measure (mésher) Medir
Design (dízain) Diseñar Merge (mérch) fusionarse
Detect detectar Modify (modifai) modificar
Disable (díseibol) Incapacitar Need (nid) necesitar
Download (daunloud) descargar Notice (nóutis)notar, prestar atención
Draft Hacer en borrador Obtain (obtein) obtener
Drag Arrastrar Open (óupen)
Drop Soltar, caer Opt – optar por
Drown (draun) ahogarse Overcome - superar
Enable (íneibol) capacitar Pass (pas) Pasar, aprobar
Encode (ínkod)– codificar Paste (péist) Pegar
Encounter (ínkaunter) encontrar Peek (pik) dar un vistazo
Enhance (injans) mejorar, aumentar Perform (perfórm) Ejecutar
Enjoy (inyói) disfrutar Pinch sujetar
Ensure (insór) usar, asegurar Place colocar
Erase (íreis) borrar Play (pléi) Jugar, tocar
Extend (íktend) extender Snatch - secuestrar, arrebatar
Finish (fínish) terminar Solve (solv) resolver
Fix sujetar Speed (spid) Apresurar
Follow seguir Spew (spiu) – salir
Procedure proporcionar Split - derramar
Proceed (prosid) aparecer, proceder Sprinkle (sprinkol)– rociar
Prompt – solicitar Squeeze (skuiz) Estrugar
Protect (prótekt) proteger Start - empezar
Provide (prováid) Suministrar, ofrecer Stick – persistir
Pull off- conseguir Stop - detenerse, parar
Pull out (pul áut) extraer Stretch (strech) extenderse
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Pull up - levantar Study (stadi) estudiar
Push - empujar Submit (súbmit)– presentar, enviar todo
Push down - presionar Plug (plag) Conectar
Pushin- introducir Position colocar
Quarrel (kuárol)- riña Pray (préi) Suplicar, rezar
Quit (kuit) Cerrar, renunciar Press presionar, pulsar
Rain (réin) Llover Support (súport) apoyar, ayudar
Refer (rifer) consultar Sweat (swet) sudar
Refrain (rifrein) abstenerse Switch - conectar
Regard (rigard) – considerar Talk (tok) hablar
Release (rilis) -dar a conocer Touch (tach) tocar
Rely (rilai) – depender Turn on/off (tern) encender, apagar
Remember (rimémber) abstenerse Unpack (anpak) desembalar
Remove (rimúv) Retirar, eliminar Upgrade (apgreid) aumentar
Repeat (ripit) Repetir Use (iúz) usar
Request (riquest) Requerir Visit visitar
Restart (ristart) reiniciar Wait (wéit) esperar
Retrieve (ritriv) – recuperar Walk (wok) caminar
Run on – prolongar Want querer
Save (séiv) Salvar, ahorrar, guardar Warn (worn) advertir
Scan Examinar Wash lavar
Scatter - espandir Watch (woch) mirar
Scratch – arañar Wipe off (waip of) limpiar
Screw up (skru ap)– estropear Work (work) trabajar
Seem (sim) Parecer Wrap (rap) – envolver
Select seleccionar Yield (yild) Producir, dar
Set Configurar
Settle (sétol) ponerse cómodo
Shape (shéip) formar
Skip – pasar
Smell (smel) oler
Smile (smáil) sonreir

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Bibliographic:

1. Essential Grammar in use (A self-study and practice book for elementary students of English by

Raymond Murphy (second edition), published by Cambridge University Press in 2001

2. Essential Grammar in use (A self-study and practice book for intermediate students by Raymond

Murphy (second edition); published by Cambridge University Press in 2001.

3. Basic Reading Power (pleasure reading – comprehension skills – vocabulary building – thinking skills)

by Beatrice S. Mikulecky / Linda Jeffries, published by Longman in 2001

4. Matters (intermediate) by Jan Bell Roger Gower. This edition published by Addison Wesley Longman

Ltd 2001.

5. Intermediate Communication Games by Jill Hadfield. This edition published by Addison Wesley

Longman Ltd 2001.

6. Infotech English Computer users (teacher’s book) by Santiago Remacha Esteras; published by

Cambridge University Press in 2001.

7. Infotech English Computer users (Student’s book) by Santiago Remacha Esteras; published by

Cambridge University Press in 2001.

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