Partes y Funciones de Compresores
Partes y Funciones de Compresores
An FRL unit, which stands for filter, regulator, and lubricator, is a device used to purify compressed air in a pneumatic system. It helps ensure high-quality air for better performance of machines. The unit comprises three components: filters that remove particulates, regulators that control pressure levels, and lubricators that assist in reducing friction by adding oil mist to the air .
A squirrel-cage induction motor enhances reliability due to its robustness and simple construction. It uses a rotor whose design resembles a squirrel cage, ensuring durability and efficiency. The motor mainly comprises a stator that creates a rotating magnetic field and a rotor that translates this energy into mechanical movement. This type of motor is used extensively because it operates quietly and is highly dependable, minimizing mechanical failures .
Compressors differ in construction based on their operational principles and applications. For instance, piston (or reciprocating) compressors use pistons driven by a crankshaft for high-pressure applications, while rotary compressors may use screws or vanes for continuous supply at uniform pressure levels. The choice of compressor is dictated by requirements for pressure, airflow, and energy efficiency in specific industrial applications, influencing resilience and suitability for different tasks .
A control panel centralizes operations by housing all the necessary controls for manipulating both the compressor and its motor. This consolidation allows for streamlined management of the system's functions, ensuring efficient adjustments to operational parameters and effectively coordinating the system's activities .
Quick couplings provide a convenient and efficient means to connect different components within a pneumatic system. They are especially valuable in factory settings where rapid attachment and detachment are needed to adapt the system to different tasks or to replace components quickly, enhancing operational efficiency and reducing downtime .
Regular maintenance significantly extends the lifespan of compressor components and ensures optimal functionality. It helps in preventing both mechanical and electrical failures by keeping all components in good working condition. Regular checks and upkeep are crucial for maintaining the entire system’s efficiency and reliability .
Pneumatic components are generally designed to operate at pressures between 800 and 1000 kPa. However, for economic functionality, it is considered sufficient to maintain an operational pressure of 600 kPa. This is because there are pressure losses ranging from 10 to 50 kPa due to resistances in the system, such as throttlers and tubing. By setting the compressor to generate pressures between 650 and 700 kPa, the system ensures that even after potential losses, the desired 600 kPa is maintained for efficient operation .
A pressure switch, or presostato, functions as an electromechanical device that opens or closes electrical circuits based on adjusted pressure levels. It is regulated via a screw which sets the desired activation pressure. When fluid pressure equals the preset pressure, the internal spring pressure is matched, closing the contacts of the device. Conversely, when fluid pressure drops below the set level, the contacts open, ceasing circuit connection .
Manometers are vital as they offer a visual and accurate indication of gas or liquid pressure within a system. Their analog nature and mechanical dials allow operators to quickly assess pressure levels, thus facilitating immediate adjustments to maintain optimal system function and prevent overpressurization .
Condensate drain traps are essential as they remove accumulated moisture from the compressed air network. This moisture forms in cyclone separators, refrigerated dryers, and filters. Efficient removal of this condensate is vital to prevent system failures and ensure a reliable supply of compressed air without any breakdowns .