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Copyright ©2008, lyre American Psychologica Assocation, Norther production ae astsutin perted without written permission ror the American Pyehologil Asociation Adapted extract rom Leaning to ead at lyrLovise art, erred sre Ties 27 May 2005 Reproduced By peamisson of Newsquest London Ltd p9 Definitions ftom Oxf Advan Lear Desay, sth ion. © Oxford University Press 2010 Rept Uy permission, 727 Adapted extrac fons apy bere Making eee ‘ffmon’ by John Nath, The Toms. 15th November 2003. Reproduced by peimlsslon of News Syndction,pp24-25 Adapted extract frm Cs forms the ig Apple orange’ by Pal Hari, The Ober, 18 Febery 2003. Copyright Guardion News & Madi Ltd 208, pp 6-97 Ext fom Take a last lok atthe woe, son by fame Alkison, News of te Wor, 23 Ae 205, -eptoaced by permission of Nevs Syndication p49 Adapted ext foun “he Story of Cleves Hans wreubrorseste accessed 21 September 2007 Reprod by permisiow of KOR Horse Net. p.S0-54 Adapted extract fiom xem dining by Oliver rena Pe Cerin, 23 Ags 2006 pyri uandian News & Medi ltd 2006.57 Adapted ext fom “Chester, cheater. The worst eases of sport chestng web, 27 September 2007, Reprodaced by peemiston of The Canadian Brodeasting Carson (CBC. Adapted extrac fom The name's Bond ~ she's he ‘astst woman tcl seve o worlds peaks by Duncan Campbell. The {Gain 28 May 2008. Copyright Gunn News & Mesa Ld 005. .71 ‘Adapted extrac rom On the mens hy Ti Dowling, Te Gusta, 15 Jomry 2007 Copyright Guardian News & Media Lid 2007 Sources: pp. 14 19.17, 55,64 winebic cok ‘We would ike to thankthe flowing for thet kind persion o reproduce piotographs: Cover photograph courtesy Getty ImazeyGeonge Doyle Stockbyte Apex p.14 bottom pletueTheo Moye) 15 (man eating care Stuart Quinn rt Archive ppt (Ctenberg PreGatenbery seu Maing! Gianni Dat Or) 45 Same! 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(WelNDLLLC). $Szicait and pepper sn ok PA pp 1 geilyDPA,35(Kol Sasabaryy “Abi. PACA pps Asin yous manfBen Knightteenoe girJosephie ough and SinonPesleton Rex Features p'5(Pauk le Victor lee Nartinietoge Volt 367,43 johannes GatenbersengzaingpStent from & Caywood 160-1711 both Nation, ranceRoge-Vialt 45 (Lous BrileRogesVilet)Male yplstPeer Brooker), 74 etpoc). 6B GateySiplaina de Rosonray\illre/ip) 80 (Alex Macnaugaton Roald Grane Archive pp.29 KO Radio Pictures. 34; Amanda Seale. Space {Cadets Science an Society Pure Lbvary 4 Bell telepone|Alexander Graham Belmore code generator Supestock p38 [speedboat Roine Magnsson) Commissioned usrations by: Jon Burger p12, 1; non Pemberton pd; Nel WebbyDedet Ar pp20, 38; Luise Weir 6 Stock luseation by: Me ingoogen Rash .28 yy taganiZeegen Rush ped, 59 78 Adan foheon pi; Peter bse p72 Je Mase P>.32, 46, 6 Darnejzeegen Rosh pp? 65: Christian [Link] Uncle ps; Pita oatDdbut Art pt Nell WebbyDebat An p58; Louse Weir pp 66.78. Aough ve ft as bend ttre an esa opr holes fore ‘cation hbase orl non ee. We eg fora appre Inne of crim fife, Be pub wl plod ra ay tro one teat separa.ond = of on 10 11 12 Contents The circle of life Wild What's so funny? Review (Units 1-3) Inspired Real or fake? Journeys Review (Units 4-6) Iget the message A matter of taste Going to extremes Review (Units 7-9) All in the mind Man and machine Make a difference Review (Units 10-12) Key Using the Workbook MultiROM page 4 page 10 page 16 page 22 page 24 page 30 page 36 page 42 page 44 page 50 page 56 page 62 page 64 page 70 page 76 page 82 page 84 page 102The®ircle of life AD @ Reading Part 5 Multiple choice 1. Quickly read the text opposite about personality, and decide which of sentences a-c is false. a The research was carried out online. e ‘The research focused on five personality traits, ¢ 2, For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text, 1. Research on identical twins shows that A personality makes people different from one another. B. people are interested in personality. C our personalities change as we grow older. our personalities do not change through life, 2. Srivastava and his team wanted to A test a new theory. test an existing theory. 6 ary ot sty ger han previ oes, D show that they could do research using the Internet. 3. The study A. looked at people's lives over many years. B looked at people's lives over a short period. © looked at adults of many different ages. 1 took many years to complete, 4 Srivastava thinks that A old men are irritable. 3B) both men and women get nicer as they get older. © women get nicer but men don't. D people are generally more agreeable when. they are younger. 5 The results of the study \A) correspond with people’s actual experience. B contradict common sense, C tell us that nobody changes. D revealed no change in openness. 6 What differences between men and women did the study reveal? A It didn't reveal any differences. B It revealed that men and women differ in all of the ‘Big Five" traits, It revealed differences in early adulthood which lessen as people get older. D_Itrevealed that men score higher in two ‘Big Five" trait.% ersonality is one of the most interesting ways in which people are different from one another, But where does our personality come from? Are ‘we born with it or does it change as we get older? A. great deal of research into petsonality {notably the studies carried out on twins) indicates that people's, personalities are more or less fixed before they are born However, not everyone is convinced. Psychologist Sanjay Stivastava and a team of researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, have just. completed a large-scale study into personality, via the Internet. Srivastava explains what he and his team were trying to find out: ‘One of the major theories of personality asserts, that personality traits are largely set by genetics, and, by consequence, changes in personality traits should slow as we get older. We set aut to test that theory.” ‘The researchers evaluated data from 132,516 adults ‘aged between 21 and 60. The team focused on five petsonality traits ~ what scientists call ‘The Big Five! ‘These are: 41 Conscientiousness ~ how careful, shorough and self- isciplined are you? 2/ Agreeableness ~ how considerate and helpful are you? '3 Neuroticism - how self-conscious and tengo are you? 4 Openness - how curious, imaginative and open to new experiences are you? 5 Extraversion ~how sociable, ass are you? e and energetic ‘The huge amount of data, collected over the Internet, You're nicer than you used to be about when personalities are set. Consclentiousness, a trait marked by organization and discipline and linked. 35 to success at work and in relationships, was found to ‘morease through the age ranges studied, with the most ‘change occurring in a person's twenties, Similarly, agrecableness, @ lait associated with being warm, generous and helpful, contradicted the theory that. personalities don't change after the age of 30. On the contrary, people in the study showed the most change in agreeableness during their thirties and continued to improve through their sixties. This even happened ‘among men, which debunks the concept of ‘irritable old a5 men, Suivastava claims, ‘The changes in these two traits revealed in the study ‘seem to cortespond with the experiences that people ‘end to have at certain stages of their lives. Common. sense tells us that people become more responsible 0 and conscientious as they mature and become better ‘at managing their jobs and relationships. Similarly, agreeableness changes most in people's thirties when ‘many of them are raising a family and take on the role of carers, Openness showed small dectines in both ‘55 men and women aver time, a change that indicates less, interest in forming new relationships, and reflects the tendency we have as we get older to spend more time with a small group of well-known relatives and friends, and less time going out and meeting new people. 0 The personality traits were generally consistent between men and women, except for neuroticism and extraversion, with young women scoring higher than g men in both. ‘When people talk about The Big 8, neuroticism is probably the oneVocabulary Relationships 1 Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in the boxes. Use your ary to help you. Part 1 When Hilary met Sam ask out chat up faney get on meet Hilary and Sam first ! met at a party five years ago. It wasn't exactly love at frst sight, but Sam 2 Jomeaws).. Hilary as soon as he saw her: However, Hilary spent the whole evening > chottung wp, another boy, They didn’t see each other for a couple of months, then met again by ~ chance at a mutual friend’s house. They 4 oben... teally well and this time Sam seized his chance and ® cated Hilary ast Part 2 Is it on? Is it off? fallin love fallout go out made up split up ‘They § together for six months but then they had a big argument and”? with each other. However, after a week apart, Sam realized that he ® with Hilary, and that he didn't want to for good. So they Woo... and started Seeing each other again. Part 3. A sad ending break off get back together get divorced get engaged get married propose “Three years ago Sam" procore to Hilary. She accepted and they #4) sy2.9,/ Sam bought Hilary an expensive engagement ring, But they kept on having rows and at one point Hilary 33 obo cif. the engagement. Nevertheless, they Mid (4, Javad in the end they 15 sa neaointand bought a flat, But they found living together very difficult and the marriage only lasted two years. They 3 ne} duoers,!last month, Look at the pictures and write the story of Jane and Chris's relationship using verbs from 1.Grammar Talking about the future 1 Complete sentences a-i with an appropriate future form. Use thefresent simple) the present continuous, going ‘andd.a verb from the ‘= arrive be borrow do finish have meet miss play stay a ‘What don’t know yet. b John can't find his gloves, so he w- 5, mine. © ‘What time in Amsterdam?” Pete has decided not to take a holiday this year. on Saturday evening? your plane He. at home. e ‘Why are you wearing a tracksuit?” ‘4 football.’ f ‘Do you want a drink?’ “Yes, I disse coffee, please.” & We should have left home earlier. We definitely haven't got time to get to the station, We our train, The film at ten, so 1 home by 10.30. i ‘What time Liam this evening?’ “At eight outside the town hall. 2 Choose the correct future form to complete a-f. a By the time I'm 20, I'll have been studying/be studying English for 10 years. b_ This time next week I'll be sitting/have sat on a plane to New York. © Will you be seeing/have seen David this evening?’ ‘No, I won't have time, 4 When I've finished Inferno I'll have read/been reading all of Dan Brown's novels. © TL have been paying off/paid off all my debts by 2015, £ Can't you take Saturday off? By then you'll be ‘working/have been working for ten days without a break. 3 Use the verbs in brackets to complete the two conversations below with appropriate future forms. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Gary Have you got any plans for when you leave ‘school? Eleanor Yes, 1! * (ake) a gap year. I've applied for a job in Kenya, Gary Really? Doing what? Eleanor Well, assuming I get the job, 1? (each) in a school somewhere Gary When * the job (starve Eleanor In early September. Gary So this time next year you # (live) in Africa. Eleanor Yes, exciting, isn't itt Andrea What do you think you... (do) this time next year? Robert I don’t know. 1 imagine 1° still (work) here. But hopefully 1' 7 (be promoted). What about you? Andrea 1* {leave} by then. In fact 1 9 (start) applying for new jobs next week, Robert Really? I saw a job advertised in the paper that would suit you down to the ground, 1 » (bring) the paper in tomorrow. Andrea Thanks. Robert I noticed that the closing date for applications #! (be) next week, s0 you” (need) to hurry. unit! @Listening Part 4 Multiple choice 1 ©) You will hear an excerpt from a radio 4 What was the experience of going to college like programme about a woman who has achieved for her? something remarkable at the age of 84. Listen and A She dida't like the amount of homework she answer questions a-d. wwas given. a How old was Mrs Schofield when she left B_ She lacked motivation. school? © It was one of the hardest things she's ever b. How long has she been studying at college? done. How many lessons does she have a week? ' 5. Mrs Schofield’s plan was to write to . d How many times had she travelled abroad A her relations in a number of different before she started the course? countries. Bone relation in the USA. relations with whom she was still in contact. 6 How was she able to find out about local news? A She used to ask her neighbours. B_ She had the local paper read to her by somebody else. She used to try to read the local paper. 7 What does she want to do now? ‘A. She wants to gain the confidence to do anything. B She wants to go on a long journey. © She wants to carry on learning. 2, #) Listen again and for questions 1-7 choose the best answer, A, B or C. , 1 What did Mrs Schofield learn at school? ~ ‘A She learnt to read but not to write. B She learnt to make a certain article of clothing. ‘C She learnt nothing. 2 What problems did Mrs Schofield have when she was shopping? A She could only buy cornflakes. B. She couldn't read the labels on packages. C She only bought things with pictures on them. 3. What impressed her about what the man in the shop said? a A He achieved success through his own efforts. B He had been poor but he became rich. © He came to her village and stayed there.Use of English Part 4 Key word transformation 1 Read the dictionary extracts and answer these questions, a How does the entry show that a phrasal verb is transitive? b_ What symbol is used to show that a phrasal verb is separable (Le. that the object can be placed between the verb and the particle)? OD [ieee eek ee si oie atom ae peer pa exiprtet ono non ourcntnd | |806fomn on bith toa that Yau ate ter hanya she wks doo ec eho ane ben | |iekeesh ig rs meget sate 1) [icc fonwaréto strobe sing wan peste toue |) [Sevier eect | Siete nen RSet tine cette Staite ne tas tp ola she prem. icon ahh thi psring ed fos reated noun onto look on sbisth 38 sb sno conc svat wo bess Shes aed ons he |_| Beer hick on shih wih ath conserva parca ny ES a 00: hy ead on sehen with conenge Se cbc ode he progres: of yet mrs tine: he mesh skh bung pro Eran ty ert wel, 9 rated nn ero nek Ses cht fo ue aa) a |) | lost "hoc rons th fsnay yt pa en epecely aby adatnce rsa The hese Ecc bck ram eras esp towne tori, oop ese dn at iit choca ate Sets tage Seca san fabteieanecemanaeecrr Tare cage us ea ecco creas oe ont tears ene poses a oy at Pecreape tte rs fecitetecatanjuas gas fo pseiacacriad eae haart faire en inet retiane ka recpiegetect etna Reed gece cates Sento on rsce' ntact ett Oxford Advaroed Learners Dictionary, sth edition 2. For each of a-f complete the second sentence so that it has a similar sheaning to the first sentence. Use the word given and a phrasal verb with look or set. The phrasal verbs you need are in the extracts inl. If you're ever in our part of the country, do visit us, in If you're ever in our part of the country, do onus. | burnt the sausages and caused the smoke alarm to go off. off | burnt the sausages and the smoke alarm. Joe tends to feel superior to people who don't earn as much money as he does, down Joe tends to people who don't earn as much money as he does. A gang of teenagers attacked a man in broad daylight yesterday. upon Amano. by a gang of, teenagers in broad daylight yesterday. ‘The house stands about 50 metres away from the road. back The house 50 metres from the road. about ‘The police are investigating the possibility that the two crimes are linked. to ‘The police the possibility that the two crimes are linked, unit1 @ »*Part 7 Multiple matching |. Readl the text opposite quickly. Name at least one part of the world where each animal is found, 2 Read the text again carefully, and for questions 1-10, choose from t s (A-E). The animals may be chosen more than once. 1 Itean’ 2. Ifyou get close to one of these animals, you should talk to it ove as fast as humans. You should look straight into its eyes It attacks humans increasingly often, You should hit it on the nose. If you are attacked, it’s best to pi are dead, 7 The animal is more likely to attack you if you make sudden movements in the water. 8 Itusually hunts in the dark 9. I usually bites its prey once and then leaves it to die, end that you 10. It almost never attacks humans.Vocabulary Finding idioms in a dictionary 1 In most learner's dictionaries idioms are defined in special sections at the end of the entry. Underline the definition of the idiom get something off your chest in this entry. \ chest om ist! mn Reheat he on fhe by, even the ee ein Sgaped fr brah hres cae ton hel pu hay het 9 Colo rerten, | Binge page Sheed nc ig tee of chest enone frente» brad | bce 3 le suonny ul mace of wood ed iets m ver move em rom sepa | Rinais mein etme des Sie to | ih get sth your dent about stata een Hroding oun ie taj fe! es aoe | Bowresscanon Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, sth edition 2. Read the entry for tooth and answer a-c. a Is the idiom lie through one’s reeth defined in the entry? Yes/No b_ Does the entry tell you where you might find the definition of the idiom? Yes/No © If your answer to b was ‘yes’, underline the relevant part of the entry. tooth ow i440 aunt teat i) ‘Tayo hard we sete the mouth wed Trung and mg os: eset hatooeh ou ake dete Brust ee your teeth tooth decay She ‘oweed through clenched eth (= openung be oth fn itlebecause of anger) oThe cot sank steht Fiefinger 9 couocations st rvscas Ovum vos | page Vas sec bo nice mer ise Yesth, ab Soom, wisbox room 2a narrow pointed pat that ‘cs ut om obec eet ona sa WSUAL VOCAB page V5i O see alo int-toow come {GE cot your teeth om sth od st ha ges you your i exponen fv pret pe of wok cut Tooth {ots bib to grow nme tooth gt your teeth into th Uinermadtopitatctatetoreandentiosminasth hat _| Sidffau enough tolaep jou intersted: Chase at eay fps rea yar rh ove eth | ee hora of at erganaation saw, ete tobe power ‘btu etetve nthe teth of th espe prions, ‘oppocicn e:Pe new pai was adptad i che eth | rc erica in the Guster tat song wind {Sing om ey cased te by beech of owt felesetsbs teeth on edge ofasound arate) tamale | $0 feet physi uncomfortable: Jute sound of her ‘oie sey eth on ege Sores RMD, DARE, Nicer, ticks ist, LoNGady RED, SIND, Sweet Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition @® vane 3 For each idiom a~f, decide under which word it will appear in your dictionary. Then use your dictionary to check your answers and find the meaning of the idioms. a pay through the nose for something b_ get on somebody's nerves somebody's heart is in the right place give somebody the cold shoulder put a brave face on it behind somebody's backGrammar ‘Verb patterns’ 1 Complete a-f with the correct form of the verb given. a hope school. (study) b- Yousigidyyoo much time the computer. (sit) © 1@ you haircut is. (tell) 4 A police car pulled the driver over because he law at college when I leave in front of him how awful his new failed at the ‘Stop’ siga. (stop) The reason he hit you is that you kept him. (annoy) { Dom't(piit off) your job application or you may miss the deadline, (send in) 2. Rewrite sentences a-h using the verb in brackets in the correct form, and keeping the meaning of the sentence the same, Example 1 forgot to lock the door. (remember) I didn’t remember to lock the door. a Our car is always breaking down. (keep) b_Lreally don’t want to spend the whole summer holiday at home. (face) ¢ I'm reasonably sure that Il pass all my exams (expect) 4 Doctors say we should eat less fatty food and ‘more fruit and vegetables. (recommend) e Try not to hurt his feelings. (avoid) . , {I didn’t notice that the traffic lights were red (Gil) g Sue didn't have the courage to tell him the truth. (dare) h_ My father hasn't smoked since 1996. (give up) Grammar Extra 4. Choose the more likely form of the verbs in italics. a I can‘feel a fly craw//crawting up my arm. 3 Complete the dialogue with the verbs in brackets, using the infinitive or -ing form. Jason Did you remember ! ve® a birthday present when you were in town? (buy) mum, Kate Yes, I tried ? (find) a nice jacket, but had no luck, In the end I got her 4 new top. Then I stopped at the florist’s 5 (order) her some flowers. Jason | bet you forgot * (get) her a card, Kate No, I didn’t actually. Jason Can I see it? Kate Oh, dear. It doesn’t seem to be in my bag. 1 distinctly remember § (pay) for it. 1 hope I didn’t leave it on the counter. Jason That’s so-typical of you, Kate. Kate Will you stop * (criticize) me? rm beginning to regret ? (offer) to go halves with you on mum’s present. Jason Sorry. | didn't mean * ound) ungrateful Kate You owe me £25 for the top and flowers, by the way. We sat on the beach for a few minutes and watched the tide slowly come/corning in. 1 saw an old man slip/slipping and fall/falling over, s0 1 helped him to his feet, Can you see those men over there dig/digging a hole in the road? As I walked past the park I saw a group of boys play/playing basketball. | watched the thief quickly grab/grabbing the old lady's bag and disappear/disappearing into the park. unit2 @ »@Listening Part 2 Sentence completion | Could you walk 55 miles across this landscape, f PU ee Rese Ree pee esa le ' Pee Re ee osc eta ere ca f : {2 Read the advertisement above and listen to the 4 You travel in a with five I introduction to a radio programme about the Ten other people. Z Tors Challenge. Say whether ac are true or false. 5 The participants sleep in a. The Ten Tors Challenge is a race. 6 Before the race Jilly was taught how to ; b_ [tis open to people of all ages. The army organizes it 7 The hardest part for Jilly is crossing the wh | 2 ©) Listen again and complete sentences 1-10 with a Sao aemne 8 On one occasion Jilly nearly lost 1 Dartmoor is an area of moorland in the her - 5 Last year the event was stopped because of of England heavy rain and 2 7 ly is about to take ant inthe Challenge for 10 Jilly feels that completing the course is a great he me. 3. The Challenge takes place in the month of Pryor iaUse of English Part 2 Open cloze 3l vot 1. Complete sentences a-h with at or to, o leave a blank if no preposition is required. a Maria is grandfather. b- Shall we drive ¢ That girl's smiling she fancies you. 4 They reached their camp at dawn after a 12-hour trek across the moor © Don't ever talk ime like that! f tasked my mum if [ could borrow her car, but she said no. & Don't phone you a ring, h The train arrived the hospital visiting her the beach or walk? you, I think me, I'l give the station early, 2. Choose the correct preposition in italics to complete the idioms. Check your answers by looking up the underlined nouns in your dictionary. 2 AyTo first sight I thought that it was a dog running across the field, Then I realized it was a fox. b Tom can sing inyafter a fashion, but he hasn't got the world’s greatest Poice. Margaret was so shocked at his rudeness that she was at/in a loss what to say. 4 I don’t want to stop seeing Jenny, but we haven't been getting on well lately, so perhaps, i's toffor the best @ In/On balance the class's exam results were pretty good. £ T've been outside/out of touch with Mark for ages. How is he? Read the text opposite quickly, ignoring the gaps, and say whether a-c are true or false. a The volunteers lived in a 200 for 12 days. b_ During the experiment they ate whatever they liked. © Jon was enthusiastic about the experiment. at the beginning, Read the text again carefully and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning. GOING APE Nine volunteers recently went to live at Paignton Zoo in south-east England. They were taking part © in an experiment to be shown 4 Ww The idea was that modern diets, which are often full 2 processed foods, sugar and fat, cause a lot ‘of health problems. For 12 days, the volunteers, aged 3 ___36 to 49, ate nothing but raw fruit and vegetables. The diet & based on research showing that eating as much 5 ive kilos of fresh {ruit and vegetables each day could have a positive effect ‘on cholesterol levels and blood pressure. ‘Amiong the volunteers as Jon Thornton, 36, an overweight driving instructor, 6 had not eaten vegetables since childhood. Over 12 days, te fost 5.7kg, and reduced his cholesterol T__. 2per cent. His blood pressure also fell Despite nearly giving 8 right at the start when thei fist ‘meal arrived, he was converted to eating vast portions of fresh fruit and vegetables. didn't feel any loss of “i ‘energy’ he said. I didn't fee ill at all”whtt's so funny? e Reading Part 6 Gapped text 1 Read the article opposite quickly, ignoring the gaps, and find out 2 where Laughter Yoga started and who started It b how long a Laughter Yoga session lasts. © how many children are entertained by ‘clown doctors’ each year. 2. Read the text again carefully, then choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.» A That's why it doesn’t make the drug companies very happy! Instead, it’s part of a deadly serious form (@ © of medical treatment. eS Next we do the lion laugh, a yogic practice that involves sticking out your tongue For this reason, most people are reluctant to > laugh freely when they are surrounded by \\7, strangers. But the couple found that their style of humour filed to amuse the Scots In order to achieve this, we play silly games and sing nursery rhymes, breaking down inhibitions It stimulates the body's defences, reduces | pain and helps recovery from illness.WCE We you see a group of people rolling about with laughter, you want to know one thing: what's the joke? If Julie Whitehea: responsible for it, the answer is that there simply is no joke. (1)___ Whitehead is at the forefront ‘of moves to make laughter an integral part of the National Health Service in Britain. Whitehead’s movement, Laughter Yoga, was started in Mumbai by a man called Dr Kataria, and has spread to groups around Europe. Several groups and charities, Involving comedians, coaches and clowns, are working with health service doctors who realize that joy and happiness have a serious role in the treatment of patients. Professor Duncan Geddes, a consultant in chest ‘medicine at the Royal Brompton Hospital, says: “Laughter is an important medicine. It is an expression of happiness, and happiness is good for all of us in three main ways. (2) Laughter therapy is developing fast and new research Is looking into the ways that laughter happens, how it stimulates the brain and how it makes us all healthier and happier: Whitehead says, ‘Laughter has wonderful health benefits and, unlike most drugs, there are no side~ effects. It's also free. (3) She adds: ‘New research at Indiana State University compared groups of people who watched either comedy films or a boring tourist film, and found the group who laughed had their immune system boosted by 40 per cent Whitehead'’s laughter sessions last around an hour and a quarter. We start by clapping hands, and saying ‘ho, ho ho, ha, ha ha’, while maintaining eye contact with each other. (4). Other exercises Involve laughing higher and higher. This can all feel excruciatingly embarrassing, but the Idea Is that soon it should turn into real laughter. When Dr Kataria first developed the concept of Laughter Yoga, he tried using jokes. Not everyone, however, laughs at the same gags, co instead the club used simulated laughter exercises. They have the same physical benefits for breathing and circulation, There fs also a psychological side, as Whitehead explains: ‘We encourage childlike openness. (5) __ It builds confidence and helps you look people in the eye,’ she claims. Meanwhile, ‘clown doctors’ are being introduced into British hospitals to make sick children laugh themselves back to health. The first two were introduced to a children's hospital in London almost ten years ago. | toured the hospital with them in the early days, and was amazed at their warmth and depth of emotional generosity. It takes a lot to bring ss joy to a building filled with sick children. The project has proved a lasting success and now a team of nine clowns works in a growing number of hospitals, entertaining about 27,000 children and their families every year. 60 But it’s not all hee-hee, ha-ha’ for pioneers of healthy humour. When Roland Schutzbach and his partner, Christine Fleur de Lys, both from Switzerland, tried to cheer up the Scottish town of Aberdeen, the locals falled to see the gag. Last month, the pair took to the streets dressed in bright red-and-orange wigs, enormous spectacles, huge ties and angel wings at the start of a three-year mission to look for the laughter cities’ of Europe. (6) ‘Aberdeen is a difficult case, Schutzbach admits. ‘People did not laugh with us. They did not even look at us!Vocabulary Adjective collocations Phrasal verbs with pull 1 Decide which adverb (a-f) goes best with both 3. Rewrite the underlined parts of a-e using a adjectives in 1-6. phrasal verb from the box in the correct form. a perfectly Use a dictionary to help you if necessary. b desperately pull apart pull off pullover pull through c wildly pull yourself together d seriously e stunningly a Although he is still seriously ill, doctors expect. f bitterly ‘him to survive. 1 injureaill When the teacher sw the boys fighting. he epointed/e separated them. ie € As soon as the taxi driver saw the flashing light 4 beautiful/attractive of the police ear, he moved to theside of the. road. 5 exaggerated/inaccurate d_ [felt tears coming to my eyes, but Lmanaged to_ 6 close (e.g. in a competition}/unlucky, Use adverb-adjective combinations from 1 to complete these sentences. a ‘Do you like my new jacket” “To be 0." b Llove the scenery in parts of China ~ it is, © Lewis was when he found out that he’ failed the exam, 4 The election result was i with Henderson winning by only two votes Not only was the newspaper article badly written, but most of the information it contained was « £ Iwas a spectacular crash, but amazingly, none of the passengers was take control of iny feelings. e At 4-0 down, nobody expected the Canadian ice-hockey team to win, but they managed to achieve itGrammar Past tenses 1 Say which of a or b correctly complete sentences 1-8, Sometimes both are correct. 1 This is the house where Abraham Lincoln a used to live. b would live. 2. This town has changed a lot since I've a been living here. b lived here. 3. You can’t say whether of not you like a country unless you went there. —_b you've been there. 4 When Poppy's parents arrived home, all the guests a left. b had left 5. Just before 10 o'clock this morning, the bridge a has collapsed. —_ collapsed. 6 George still had five shirts left to iron, even though he a was ironing all morning. b had been ironing all morning. 7 This is the fifth time a tried to call you. b I've tried to call you. 8 This is the old market square where the townspeople used to meet. b would meet. 2 Choose the correct verb form in italics to complete dialogues 1-3. 1A: Have you ever been to China? B: Yes, I have. I went/I've been there last year A: What have you thoughi/aid you think of i? B: I've loved/I loved the countryside but I haven't liked/didn’t like the cities. 2. A: I'm sorry I'm late. Have you waited/been waiting long? B: No, I haven't, I've arrived/! arrived late toot : Has the show started/Did the show start yet? B: No, not yet, In fact, only half of the audience ‘arrived/has arrived so far. 3A: Have you seen/Did you see Sammy last week? By Yes, on Tuesday. He just arrived/Held just arrived back from holiday. ‘As Oh, that's right. He went/Hle’s gone to Italy to pick grapes. B: Yes. He told me that hte! been speaking/ he was speaking Italian so much that he'd forgotten his English. > Complete gaps 1-12 in the story using the past simple or past perfect of the verbs in brackets. ‘A man had just got a job as the new boss of a large company. The man that he was replacing met him privately and (1) goa. (give) him two numbered envelopes that he (2) dnod..er pond (prepare) earlier. ‘Open these if you run up against a problem you don’t think you can solve,’ he said. Everything went smoothly for a while, but after the new boss (3) }xq_ hus (be) in his job for about six months, sales (4) i aqaon.. (begin) 10 fall suddenly and everybody started blaming the new boss. He (5) (remember) the envelopes that the previous boss (6)... (leave) for him. He went to his desk and (7) (take) ‘out the first envelope. The message inside it read ‘Blame me’, The new boss called a press conference and announced that all the company’s problems were the result of mistakes that the previous boss ® (make). The newspapers ® (print) this, the public responded well and the company’s performance improved. About a year later, the company again started to experience serious problems. Because the first envelope’s advice (10) (help) him greatly, the boss quickly (11) open) the second envelope, The message that the previous boss (12) (write) in the second envelope was ‘Prepare two envelopes’ units @ »*Listening Part 1 Multiple choice 1. ©) You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8 choose the best answer (A, B or ©). 1 You hear a woman talking to her friend. Why is the friend angry with Ben, her husband? A He didn't remember her birthday. (©) He spent too much on her birthday present. © He bought her something she hates. You hear a man talking on the radio. What is his profession? A a writer ®a musician C a film-maker You hear a news reporter describing a major event. What is the event? @ a celebrity wedding Ba sporting event € anational election You hear two men talking about a restaurant. What did they both like about it? @ the large quantity of food B the fast service C the cheap prices You hear a singer talking about the start of her career. How did she use to feel while performing? A shy ® annoyed C confused 6 You hear a teenager talking about his family. What do they all have in common A. They all love acting, B They all have a sense of humour. © They all argue a lot 7. You hear a police officer talking to a suspect. What crime has just been committed? “® burglary B_ shop-lifting C vandalism 8 You hear a scientist talking about her job. What does she enjoy most about it? A facing mental challenges B_ working with interesting people © knowing that her work is important ‘) Listen again and tick the key word that you hear in each situation 1-8 1 disgusting... exp ive forgetful 2 melodies actors chapters 3 politicians guests competitors 4 bargain. speed partions 5 quiet angry puzzled 6 rehearse. disagree Jaugh, 7 graft possessions security guard 8 significant. sociable logicalUse of English Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze 1. Read the newspaper report below, ignoring the gaps, and find out which of a-c the contestants on Space Cadets really did. Circle YES or NO. a went to Russia. YES / NO b travelled into space YES / NO © appeared on television YES / NO verybody loves a joke, Eve But (0) what if the Joke is on you? That is what a group of 'thrilrseekers’ discovered, having signed up for the experience of a (1) ~to be blasted off into space ina) TVseries, space Cadets. it was all an elaborate hoax. The contestants thought that they were training in flight, but the truth was that their | (6) _of cruelty, but where do. Russia, but in reality they were | ‘spaceship’ was a prop from a you draw the (7)___ between a (3)... the south of England. | science fiction film, and the flight __ bit of a laugh and something really They believed themselves to _| itself just an illusion created nasty? Do we enjoy watching be (a) against each other | by special 6) .., .. Practical ‘ther people look stupid because for four places on a space jokes tend to involve a certain that (8) __us feel clever? best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). 2, Read the text again carefully and for 1-8 decide which answer (A, B, € or D) 0 Awhether — B how C@ha ——_D when 1 @llifetime —B life C living D livelihood 2 Awuh — @realiy C realism —_D truthfulness 3 Aon Bin cat D along 4 A wrestling B winning C trying —_(B) competing 5 Arresults — @ effects C causes tricks 6 Anumber B measurement C part amount | 7 A difference B barrier ©line D separation 8 A leads B causes )makes D allows a1 Complete sentences a-h with back, off, in, on, out, up ot nothing. a Lwish I was better at chatting. UP. girls. I can never think of interesting things to say. b I know that Simon fancies 97. Natasha, but he hasn't asked her OU yet. ¢ Jemima fell 47% love with a French boy ‘while she was on holiday. 4 Sarah and Harry fell . QUE... with each other last week but I think they've made “Up... now, e They Re ZX engaged in April but the engagement was broken DEC in June £ They get_O7L ___ very well but they aren't going UX... They're just good friends. g Sam proposed <2. to Marianne on New ‘Year's Eve and they got married at Easter. h ‘Have David and Lily split. UP. “They ‘were apart for a while, but now they've got together. 2 Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate future tense. Jack How long have you been with the company, Pam? . ve Pam By next week, 1! (ti\ bas exactly nine months. Jack About time you took g poliday then. Darn Yen 29S) MG couple of wks ‘off over Eastel. You Vac. pins, on holiday soon, aren't you, Jack? (gi Jack Yes, this evening in fact. Pam Really? what time * 19 Peawinr9,.? eave) Jack At nisie aan time tomorrow I dots your plane Spin be the hotel pool sipping a Ww cocktail. nis! am tacky you. Wil you Hae Figs sales report by the time you lave? (nish) Jack Sure.1?7\{ Soaveit on your desk, if you like. (leave) Pam Thanks. © ® Review > Revitw. Units 1-3° (work) here f0r9 lst gana (00! 3 Complete the phrasal verbs with look or set for definitions a-h. a feel superior to Lev down on b delay bet _ back c Loe in (on) place a building at a distance from, A back emake an alarm start ringing Att ott f investigate Deere. into g watch for on h attack Acts, upon S 4. Rewrite sentences a-e using idioms that include the words given in capitals. a. Tom paid far too much for his new camera, NOSE tom pi Hoan Hoe MEFi6 new camel b_ Chris says he didn’t steal the money, but he isn’t telling the truth. TEETH Eps i mpc at hate bya Tiegh las © rms nb offend Rosie bese she isn't 1 ing very trenely towards me 9) SHOULDER = Lust have g's Me @ I'm sure John has been talking about me when Tm nt he se Aho fended Rogie ould ot Ne, C0! tn ‘m sure John has been talking about me Pakeear ss e Liam is angry because Kate sold his old camera Jt is prep boop Kate sold his old camera5 Use the verbs in the box to complete the sentences. Use the -ing form, the infinitive with to, or the infinitive without to a ‘Where's Martin?’ ‘He's in the bath. Can't you hear him 44agiag?” b I can't face gucrtdiag a whole weekend with my father-in-law. He Teally gets on my nerves. ¢ Lennon and McCartney didn't study music at school, but they went on fo. mvite-some of the greatest pop songs ever. 4 Tsaw him §raL2__ the mobile from the girl's ag and fiwn. ©6 down the road. © ‘Did you manage +p the car started? "No, I had to call the gatage. f Do you remember 2aki09, at this restaurant last summer? 6 Rewrite each sentence a-e keeping the meaning the same. Use two to five words including the word given. a. I can play the piano reasonably well fashion Ican play the piano {TRA & “pas b- When {first saw her I thought she was Japanese rH aed ie Sight Mtncueheatete as ‘ia € We haven't had any contact with our cousin in the United States for years, -touc. tou we luieit ett 4 fQ0CM in the United States for years 4. tes probably a good thing that we coulda’t get tickets for the concert. They were very dear. best PLU, p Ws vrovath fhe best nave couldn't get tickets for the concert. They were very dear. €- Overall think this government has done a good job. “ee > n Aerdance, think this oldtads hhas done a good job. BA S 7 Choose the correct adverb in italics to complete sentences af 2 Its going to be bitteiiystunningly cold tomorrow. ‘We'd better put the central heating back on b Harry was gésperaiMywildly unlucky not to pass his exam. 1iPonly failed by one mark. € It’s seriously/perferty safe to swim in the sea here as long a3 you don’t go out too far. 4 Most girls think Tom is perfecty/sturgiingl> attractive, but [ don't think he's that great looking € Fears of another wet summer have been (ildiiy bitterly exaggerated My brother was serjously/desperately injured in a car accident last year. Write the correct phrasal verb with pull for sh) definitions a-e. wh 0 7 a take control ot your fetings Pyni Ry Faget ron b get better after an illness PU! +[Link] ah ee 9g dificult Pull. Cit) oF 4 separate pull apert ‘move to the side ofthe road (when driving) purl over 9 Complete sentences a-f with the correct past tense form. ny more than one answer is correct. a ‘How long Jaye. you been, leafeaifys English?’ "I_4-+etee! (start) when I was 12, so six years.” > Hany wasn't at cs when plroned (phone) He had. J* Jfust/go out). © When Pete came in his boots were filthy. He obviously een. SB ififg) the vegpbl ate, ave you A Greece?’ *Yes,1 re. Jots of times. o nite e My dad ved f° Girlie) letters by hand, but now he uses a computer. { ‘Dont forget to phone lane? I(ye.) abreadsy he oved, {already/phone) ance Treverrg0) 0 ‘yor (go) on holiday there Review1 @ @®Insfted Reading 21:5 capped text 1 Look at the photos then read the text opposite quickly to find a the location of the work. b_ the name of the artists, cc the name of the work. d_ the length of time that the work remained open. 2, Read the text again carefully, then choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). ‘There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. $21 MILLION Gi cad eremny Manhett tn teres Oo tntebruary 2008, New Yorkers awoke wood hl moe recon andi cransfored into one ofthe were igges work af [Link] Darts il we Chace uve the lates poet, Te ates Te tron onaated of 7500 Feet gh mata gets cach tha huge fag made of orange Fri 1 (1 The work was one of the most ambitious ever steeples te atte par whose pros pees Pearce aetny erect eoetst round he Rate to Gomany Palen ced pure the uta coe “The Gates’ certainly took a long time to complete. Christo and Jeanne-Claude, who live in New York, had first suggested the work in 1978, 2{_]At the ‘opening ceremony, thousands of New Yorkers, many of them families, wandered among the gates ina party atmosphere. 3 [_] The Gates’ remained open for 16 days and was a huge publicity success for New York. Though the Big Apple rarely needs encouragement to attract media interest, ‘The Gates’ was exceptional in the amount of attention it grabbed. 4 [-] The Metropolitan Museum of Art opened its summer roof garden to give visitors @ better view. Ironically, the artists themselves had little to say about their project. At the opening ceremony, Jeanne-Claude told the assembled reporters that people should not read too much into the work but should just relax and enjoy it. 5] Christo explained the palr’s refusal to analyse their ‘own work by saying that people should just walk through and enjoy the experience. "You ask us to talk, This project does not involve talking. It ls about seeing. You spend time, You experience the projecthe said, as he grew visibly annoyed by journalists’ questions about the inner meaning of ‘The Gates’ 40 In many ways Christo and Jeanne-Claude fulfil a stereotype of modern artists. The mysterious husband ‘and wife team, who are known only by their first names, met when Christo was a penniless Bulgarian portrait artist and Jeanne-Claude was the young 45 daughter of a rich Parisian family. They first began working together in 1960, and their first wrapping project was in 1968 when they used 2,500 square metres of fabric to wrap a building in Switzerland. 6 [_) Some of their most famous works include surrounding 50 a chain of islands off the coast of Florida with pink floating fabric and erecting 3,100 huge umbrellas in valleys in California and Japan. “The Gates’ certainly followed in that tradition, Aside from attracting a lot of interest and excitement, it also posed a huge security 5 problem and a target for vandals. As a result, New York's police department used helicopters to monitor the work and added several hundred officers to the park's police force. Typically, Christo and Jeanne-Claude paid the entire extra security bill as well as for the 0 entire work. vg iy 4 b wy e a / “itis only a work of art. It has no purpose. It provides no symbol, ‘A quarter of a century later, their vision finally became reality. But Christo and Jeanne-Claude strongly reject this claim, arguing that artistic value lies in the originality of the concept. Other similar projects followed, and the pair ‘gained worldwide fame and a loyal following While maintaining an aura of secrecy. ‘These flags created rivers of colour along the park's famous paths. One city hotel put binoculars in all its rooms overlooking the park. Locals were Joined by many tourists, some of whom had come from across America and the world to see the project. units @ otVocabulary Television programmes Match eight of the types of TV show below with extracts a-h from 2. Find words or phrases in a-h a TV listings magazine, Then label the photos with the remaining in 1 that are described in a-e. three. aa set of programmes that v itle cartoon quiz show sports broadcast Raves same ile and ce a ee usually the same characters OO edt ea gets ba famous performer who documentary sitcom weather forecast makes a special appearance news bulletin soap opera in a programme 1h © a person who introduces a In the first show of the third series, Jo invites his parents to stay at programme and talks to the the flat for a week ~ with hilarious results, With guest star Steven pueste and/or audience Martin as Jo's dad, b_ Host Kylie discusses love at first sight, with three special guests and a studio audience. ¢_England v Spain tive from Wembley. Commentators Robert Robson, and Tony Garbo. a person who describes the action in a sporting event a person who takes part ina televised competition or quiz 4. Six contestants answer general knowledge questions as they 3 Complete sentences a-d with compete for big cash prizes. your own opinions. Then add Animated fun with Mitch the dog and Kirstie the eat. ‘one or two more sentences £ One of the longest-running storylines - Jack and Sanda’s stormy to answer the questions in relationship ~ finally comes to an end after six years as Jack leaves brackets. ‘Westbridge forever. g In the last programme of the series, our six students take their final music and drama exams. Will the additional pressure of the TV crew have a positive or negative effect? h The stunning landscapes of the frozen north of Canada and the wildlife that struggles to survive is my favourite sitcom, (Who's your favourite character and why!) b I think the best reality TV show is, (Why?) I remember watching an interesting documentary about (What did you learn?) a is the host of a well-known TV programme in my country. (What és the programme about?)Grammar Simple and continuous tenses 1 Choose the best ending, a orb, 3 Read the email below. Underline 10 mistakes with simple and for each of 1-7. continuous tenses, then correct them. 1 Do you know how many times I've : Dear Fiona a been trying to call you , today? How are you? | hope your colds better and you're feling OK now. Maybe yout needing a holiday b tried to call you today? Bs before pot | ealy enjoy my fist term at university. fm now in the fith week, and Ive been 2 Every evening, before going making thre or four realy good frends already. My foom-mate, Hans, is one of to bed, Jenny them, He's coming from Germany. We've got loads in common, andi eling a, ais phoning her boyfriend, though ve been knowing him forever The only problem with Hansis that he's b_ phones her boyfriend liking listening to loud music the evening when Im trying to read, but he's 4 ewas evening, and the birds always turing it down when ask him to, a were singing. FI come home just fr a couple of days next month to see my aunt, who wil be ‘over from the States. not sure exactly when ~ it's depending on my exams ~ b sang. ‘but | doubt it will be before 15th. it would be great to meet up, if you're free. 4. Mrs Wilson closed her book, est wishes looked up at her husband, luke and 2 was smiling. . | , > smiled 4. Complete each pair of sentences in a-e with the verb given. Use an appropriate simple tense in one sentence and a continuous tense in 5 How long have you the other, 2 been waiting for me? > waited for me? 6 By the time we find the restaurant, they won't Example see ’'m seeing your cousin tomorrow night. Now I see why you wanted to come to this club! a be serving dinner. a have b serve dinner. Don’t phone me between 8 and 9 o'clock tomorrow evening. 7 Lean’t see you tomorrow 1 ermnem inne, because When I buy my own house, 1 two cats and a dog. a_ I'm going to the theatre, oe b Igo to the theatre. Your wotk hasnt been very good recent. you tired? 2. For each pair a-f, choose the After our argument last week, that Leslie and I could ‘word which cannot normally no longer be friends. be used in continuous tenses. © imagine 2 argue disagree | thought I heard somebody outside the door, but when I opened it, b enjoy like there was nobody there. Perhaps I things. © doubt hesitate 1 that my grandfather will retire soon now that he's cost pay turned 65. © keep own consider {realize learn Many people Pele to be the greatest footballer ever fi Margaret giving up university at the end of this term and getting a job. appear ‘Two Hollywood stars in plays in London next week. ‘The leading actor unhappy in his role and is trying to leave the production, units @ o®Listening Part 1 Multiple choice 1 Read the first part of each question in 2 below. 6 You hear an episode of a soap opera being Decide which two of a-c below you are most likely to hear in each situation. 1 a material b shapes melody 2 a special effects b stage stunts 3 agueststar rehearsal channel 4 a gadget electric ¢ violent 5 a lyrics b scientists ¢ research 6 a cameras chapters ¢ technicians 7 a moving costumes ¢ stunts 8 acharacters acting —_¢ plot ©) You will hear people talking in eight different situations, For questions 1-8 choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1 You hear two people discussing a piece of conceptual art. What do they both dislike about in A the colours B the position C the images 2 You hear two guests on a chat show talking about films. What are they trying to agree on? ‘A Who is the greatest director ever. B Who is the greatest actor ever. C What is the greatest film ever. 3. You hear a brother and sister talking about what is on TV. What do they decide to watch? A asitcom B adocumentary nothing 4. You hear an inventor talking to a bank manager about his latest invention. Why doesn't the bank ‘manager want to invest money in it? A She thinks it is too similar to something else. B She thinks it will be too expensive, She doesn't think enough people will buy it 5 You hear a newsreader reporting a medical breakthrough. Who will benefit most from the breakthrough? ‘A. young people everywhere B_ young people in poor countries everybody in poor countries @® units made. Why does the director stop the filming? A The acting is not very natural. B It’s too dark in the studio, C The actors are moving around too much. 7 You hear a woman talking to her friend about a dance performance. What was the best thing about it, in her opinion? A the ending B the special effects the music 8 You hear a navelist talking to an interviewer about the process of writing. What does the novelist do when she can't think of any ideas? A She stays at her desk. B_ She goes somewhere quiet, C She has a coffee somewhere busy. Fiestas o torosUse of English Part 2 Open cloze 1 Complete sentences a-h with the correct articles (@, an or the), oF leave the gap blank if no article is required. 2 Orson Welles was born in usa, b_ His father was inventor and his, mother was pianist © As child, Welles learned to play piano, After death of his mother, Welles abandoned his interest in music. e Inhis youth, Welles travelled around ‘world. £ Hehad great voice for radio, g At the request of US government, Welles made documentary about South America, h documentary was intended to improve international relations. 2 Read the text below, about Orson Welles, to find three things (a-c) he created. a series of books b radio programme film Orson Welles was (I) ‘American actor broadcaster; screen writer and film and theatre director, Born in Chicago, he left home at 15 and travelled around Ireland. One day, he walked into Q Gate Theatre in Dublin and claimed science fiction story The War of the Worlds. The , to be a star of the American stage. Whether or _ programme was in the style of a news bulletin, and @ the theatre manager believed the thousands of listeners panicked, believing story, he gave Welles a starring role ina new play. (5) aliens really (6) invaded Welles was a hit with (4) the public the Earth. and the critics ‘At the age of 28, Welles wrote, directed, produced Back in the USA, he worked on a series of books and starred in a film (7) 02a called The Mercury Shakespeare and then achieved Citizen Kane, which many film critics consider to fame in 1938 with his radio adaptation of the ® the greatest film ever made. ORSON WELLES 3 Read the text ag carefully, and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Unité @e® |in Part 7 Multiple matching 1 Read the text opposite quickly and tick the sentence which most accurately describes the writer's opinion about UFOs. a b c He definitely doesn’t believe in them He definitely believes in them. He has an open mind about them. 2, Read the text again carefully. For questions 1-10, choose from the reports of UFO sightings (A-D). ‘The sightings may be chosen more than once. In which sighting 1 2 did a witness claim that aliens made contact with him? did witnesses claim to see three alien spacecraft? did the UFO apparently injure the witness? did people advise the witness not to say anything about what he'd seen? did a witness claim that a UFO moved at high speed? did the witness report seeing an alien on a spacecraft? did a witness contact Nick Pope the moment he saw the UFO? did a member of the witness's family report the incident? did the witness realize that what they had seen wasn't a UFO? did reports of a sighting come from a number of places? CBC EPETC RCE Bt’ Pope worked for the British (Neue Ce er itt) UFOs. He received 2-300 reports each SUA RUN ea Ean Ty CENCE SOC ONO CLG r end Pose e oy etapa at Crs to a Ug he could find no explanation =Stig See He and his colleague had seen a UFO while Parents Pe rnp eer eteetirer eee eer Bindi pineeaisier aca re ee BRR asian ya (eRe ary nate ee ein Sc rere of aeroplanes and mathematics, He hed timed Sener rer Score en ean rraer te eereereer ny Sighting B There is usually a delay between a sighting and renee coca rene eet ere eo g sighting, things were rather more immediate. pe eC y eee enero gene cory caller was staring out of his window, giving me a eee cae? ae Re om ee nk Set TY ere Ect ammo pk e eo | kite, can it? Oh, the people are putting it back Rees tog cu ht) PaO Re Mere teed Soe ee neat Sighting C Soe Re eC naval officer, who was trained in careful observation, et une g eee) his home. Its shape was clearly that of a disc and it appeared solid, with rows of different-coloured lights PC eto o cy Peo eee eros ny Rt eee kod ‘he object, then fell to the ground. The officer ran to ‘wake his family, who saw the bird on the ground but eRe meee ae aes ce to the local police the next day. The officer's superiors allegedly told him to keep quiet. I suspect they pert tetera er a eens) Peet cee crs Sighting D In 1992 I received a lotter from a woman whose husband had been walking in the hills four years een ee arte eran said that her husband saw a huge black craft moving towards him, It hovered for about five minutes, close ‘enough for the witness to see that the main part of the craft had two decks, He could even make out a SO ae Re ee the windows on one of the decks. The craft flew slowly Cee ed ‘ground. Instinctively he threw himself to the ground ree ce es eee erty eM ee eee err ra CORSO UC RCo Log foundVocabulary Expressing probability 1 Complete the expressions in the chart with words from the box. against bound chance chances doubt doubt inevitable likely noway odds unlikely. _are that _are that 2. Rewrite sentences a-h using the word given in bold and keeping the same meaning. a Sandra and Tom will probably get married in the summer. odds b I'm sure Philip will be late. bound © It’s likely that you'll be stopped by the police if you drive that fast chances d's unlikely that this government will win the next general election. odds © I'm definitely not taking the blame for the accident, way £ Idon’t think Andrew will pass all his exams. doubt 8 The climate is bound to change a lot over the next 100 years. inevitable h We're certain to rely increasingly on computers in the coming years. doubtGrammar Reported speech 1 For sentences a-f report the information, using the verb a > fen in capitals and an infinitive. “Lwon't lose my temper so often,’ said Mike. PROMISE I can give Theo a lift to the station,’ said Martin. OFFER “Where shall I park?" said Joanna to Sam, ASK ‘Please don't leave met’ said William to Jessica BEG “Don't go out alone after dark,’ said Richard to Kirsty, WARN “I wouldn't buy those shoes.’ said Karen to David. ADVISE 2 Correct the mistakes in sentent 2. My sister said me that she was going to town. b_ Lasked her if she will buy me a newspaper. She asked me which newspaper did I want. 4d Ttold her I want a copy of the Independent. © Omher return she told me she can't find one. Complete the reported speech in sentences a-g, a ‘Idon’t want to go to the leisure centre with you tomorrow,’ said Sarah to Chris. Sarah told b “We haven't lost a single match all season, said Fred. Fred boasted ¢ ‘Why didn't you phone me last night?” he asked her. He asked “You're always interrupting met’ she told him, She complained @ ‘Have you ever been to Rome?” she asked him, She asked A £ “Your postcard arrived yesterday,’ she told him, She said g ‘How often does Tom go to the gym?" she asked she units M »*Listening Part 4 Multiple choice 1 ») You are going to listen to someone being interviewed about a famous radio programme broadcast in the USA. Listen once and say which of a-cis true, a The radio programme aimed to frighten people but failed because it was a documentary, not a drama, b_ People realized that they were listening to a drama but were frightened because it was so realistic, ¢ The radio programme caused panic among many listeners, who believed that the dramatized events were actually taking place, 2. «) Listen again and for questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1 The broadcast by Orson Welles was A. based on a book by Rachel Watson. B_based on a book by an English novelist. € an original piece of work. 2. Inthe story A aliens come to Earth from Mars. B_ enormous fighting machines travel from Mars. © the people of London build machines to defend themselves. © @ units 3. What was Orson Welles known for at the time of the broadcast? ‘A. writing film screenplays B directing films directing plays and radio programmes 4 Why does Rachel think that many listeners believed the news reports? A. The action was set in places they knew. B_ The programme makers didn’t warn listeners that the reports weren't rea, Listeners didn’t notice the warnings. 5. Why were people worried about gas? ‘A They believed the Martians were using it to attack people. B_ Some people fled their homes and left the gas on, © It-was impossible to smell it. 6 Why does Rachel believe the listeners weren’t stupid? A. The news reports were very realistic and. believable. B_ They weren’t used to hearing news like that on the radio, Radio was new and people weren't used to it 7 What did the radio station promise to do? ‘A Warn listeners properly next time. B_ Never use fake news reports again. € Stop making drama programmes.Use of English ales of giant sea monsters have always inspired fear and (0) fascination among Part 3 Word formation sailors. However, until comparatively a there was no firm evidence for the existence of such creatures. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, some dead giant squid were washed up in Newfoundland. The discovery of these dead animals forced scientists 1. Look at the pairs of words in a-f and match the prefixes with meanings 1-6 below. a mis misunderstand misbehave to (2) their opinion and led them to b te try to capture a live specimen. came Then, in 2004 two Japanese researchers were undercooked underestimate @) {n taking the first ever;photos: 4d semi of a giant squid inits (4) habitat. Up semicircle semi-final until that point, scientists had thought that squid e anti (5) moved and simply ate whatever atiGoekwise) canitencll drifted by, but the photos revealed that they | tes had (6) the nature of these enormous | creatures. Taken at a (7) of $00 metres, the pictures show the squid aggressively attacking bait on a line dropped from the over-optimistic overeat 1 against or the opposite of oe researchers’ boat. Marine scientists worldwide 2 at or badly are now eager to discover more about the nature Prefix and (8) of giant squid. 3. more than usual or too much oe an Prefix 4 again Prefix 5 less than usual or not enough Prefix 6 half Prefix monsters from the deep 2. Read the text on the right and complete gaps 1-8 with words formed from those given. Gaps 2 and 6 use prefixes from 1 above. © fascinate 1 recent 2. think 3 success 4 nature 5 rare 6 understand 2 deep 8 behaveReading rats matic choice 1 Read the text below quickly and do the following, a Number these countries in the order in which Asa visited them. canada) egypt] France [) Australia C] b Find three methods of transport mentioned in the text. Last chance to see the ‘Asa was just afew months old when doctors diagnosed that he had been as he looks through his holiday born with the incurable condition NF2, ‘photos — photos that tll the moving which begins to cause damage to the story of a mother and father’s love 20 nervous system from an early age, often {or their boy, and of a breathtaking leading to deafness and blindness. ‘Wedd race against time, For Asa willbe always planned a dad-and-son world trip bind by the end of the year—and when he was 16~ but | knew it would sohhis parents, Paul and Debbie, _be too late by then’ says Paul, 46. So Sold their business to give him the 25 Debbie and I made the decison that we steatest gift they could: to let their should go as soon as it was possible’ son see the world. ‘We wanted him to have the experience ofa litt before he loses his sight’ says Paul ‘And we di it all justin time lrteen-yearold Asa Singleton sits in his bedroom and smiles 50 8 “It was alla bit nerve-racking because of the unpredictability of Asa’s condition’ says Paul ‘At home, his sight wasn't such 30 a problem because he knew where ‘everything was. Away from home, we knew it would be more difficult. ‘And he was a little frightened about going to so many strange places. But 85 as soon as we arrived at our first destination, Paris, and saw the Eiffel Tower, we forgot our fears. It was so exciting, being at the beginning of ‘an amazing, life-changing journey: 40 From France, they travelled to Germany, Italy, Cyprus and then Eaypt ‘A guide took us to the top of a Pyramid, and the view was 45 breathtaking. We could see the desert going on forever. It was a os Thailand [] ©. AL sight neither of us will ever forget’ says Paul. ‘in Japan we went to Mount Fuji and stayed in a traditional Japanese hhote. tt was fascinating, although Asa wasn't too impressed with the sushi that we had for dinner. We travelled on the underground system in Tokyo, which was quite scary for Asa with his poor sight, but he was determined to try it! In Hawai, dad and son went whale watching; and in Thailand, Asa bottle- fed a tiger cub. But his favourite part ‘of the journey was seeing the island where the James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun was filmed. ‘Asa's «a huge Bond fan, so there was no \way we could go to Thailand without seeing James Bond Island” What astonished Paul most on the trip was hs son's fearlessness, despite hhardly able to see. all his life, he's deliberately taken on tough physical challenges; says Paul. ‘But | as terrified when he said he wanted to go skydiving over the Great Barrier Reef when we got to Australia. | jumped first, and kept looking behind me until | saw his parachute open. I needn't have ‘worried, though. He was absolutely fine, and he loved every second of it. He was so proud of himself”2, Read the text again carefully and for questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1 Why did Asa’s parents arrange a round-the- ‘world trip for him? ‘A They wanted him to see the world before he lost his eyesight, B They had sold their business and wanted to spend the money on their son. © They wanted to share the experience of a lifetime with him. D They thought the journey might improve his ‘medical condition. Next stop was the USA. Paul and Asa stayed a few days at a ranch near the Grand Canyon and went on to visit Las 80 Vegas, Dallas, New Orleans, and take a boat trip down the Mississippi River. Then it was over to Florida to meet up ‘with mum Debbie and Asas sister Dominique, 17, fora holiday together. Finally they all headed off to Toronto in Canada to catch the plane home, 8 When Asa had his next hospital checks, the news wasn't ‘800d. His eyesight has deteriorated rapidly, and Asa is now registered blind. Paul says: ‘if we'd waited any longer, it ‘would have been too late and he would have missed out ‘on the experience ofa lifetime.” Why were Asa’s parents more worried. about his sight problems during the trip than before it? A. Asa himself felt frightened during the trip, B They knew his eyesight was getting ‘worse all the time. C His sight problems mattered less in familiar surroundings. D_Asa’s reactions were difficult to predict. Seeing the Biffel Tower was particularly exciting because A it made them forget thett worries, B they knew it was the start of an ncredible trip € they knew it would change their lives. D they knew they would be going to Germany next ‘One thing that Asa was not very keen on was A. the huge size of the desert. B the traditional hotel near Mount Fuji some of the food in Japan. D the journey to Tokyo. How did Asa and his father react to parachuting in Australia? A. Asa loved it, but Paul was worried about his son. B Paul enjoyed it, but Asa found the physical challenge too tough, © They were both completely fearless. D They were both terrified at first, but enjoyed it in the end. What did Asa do in Florida? ‘A He caught the flight home to England. B He went on a boat. C He spent some time with the rest of his family. D_He spent a few days on a ranch, units Yo?Vocabulary Vehicles 1 Tick the parts which each vehicle below usually has. Use a dictionary to help you, boot brakes | engine handlebars ignition roof saddle steering wheel 2. Complete sentences a-f with words from 1. a My dad keeps a first-aid kit in the of his car. bb Mountain bikes are better for rough terrain than road bikes because they have wider, thicker ¢ I’m not surprised your speedboat was stolen ~ you always leave the Key in the ! d_ As he approached the junction, he tried to slow down but, to his horror, found that his weren't working. e His passenger reached across and grabbed the just before they hit the wall My bike hit the kerb and stopped, and I flew over the conto the pavement. Complete sentences a-f with the correct verb in an appropriate form. a We missed the turning the first time, so turned the car around and go back reverse Twas too late, Just as | reached the platform, the train , pull away pull up Most people slow down when they a police car waiting by the side of the road. overtake pass ‘The bus driver lost control of his vehicle and a lamppost. crash hit [As she drove past the accident, a piece of glass on the road ‘one of her tyres. break puncture ‘A sudden gust of wind made her into the middle of the road, steer swerveGrammar Modal verbs: advice, ability, prohibition and obligation 11 Match sentences a-f with the sentences which follow them (1-6); and choose the correct forms of the modals in italie. I’s one of the greatest films ever made. I searched high and low for my wallet ‘The most important thing is to keep trying, I'm determined to leave school at 16. They'te identical twins. This digital radio doesn’t work property. C1 (coutd/couldn't find it anywhere. CB Nobody can/ear't talk me out of it 1 Loughi/oughe not to send it back. You really must/mustn’t see it i Even their friends can/can’t tell them apart. 0 You stouta/shouldn't never give up. 2. Rewrite the sentences in a-e without using mustn't and including the expressions in brackets. a We mustn't wear jeans at this school. {allowed to} we . b_ You mustn't swim in this part of the river. (prohibited) ‘Swimming © We mustn't use a dictionary in the exam, (against the rules) Using. In the UK, children under 13 mustn’t work, (@gainst the law) It In some train compartments, you mustn't use mobile phones, (forbidden) ‘The use Grammar Extra Modal verbs: permission and requests 3 Tick the modal verbs which can correctly complete sentences a- possible answer. . There may be more than one These bags are rather heavy. you give mea hand, please? canf{] Could] = May(J) Would 1) b T'm sorry, but you smoke in my house, cannot(] could not] may not (] would not (] c 1 borrow your car this weekend? can[) Could[] = May[] Would [J a you mind keeping an eye on my bike while I'm in the shop? canf. could) = May[] Would] eT wonder if you tell me where the nearest post office is? can[] could(] = may(]— would) f You _ change channels, if you don't like this programme. can[] could(] = may(] ~~ would] unite @ .°Listening Part 1 Multiple choice 1 Read the questions in the exam task in 3 and say which extracts (1-8) sentences a-h below probably ‘come from. a I've always wanted to visit Tokyo, [] b And where are you travelling to? L] © The flight’s very full, (m afraid. C] But the reality, according to this research, will be very different - and a lot dirtier. (] e No other car on the road today can make that claim. [] {When I booked the holiday, | was told I'd have asea view. [] & With my job, you spend most of your time on the road. C] h Of course, when I was a girl, there weren’t any cars or buses in town. (] 2. ©) Listen once to the recording in 3 and check your answers to 1. Then do the exam task in 3. 3 ©) You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8 choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1 You hear a woman complaining about her holiday. What aspect of the hotel is she unhappy with? A the staff B her accommodation the facilities 2. You hear a ticket inspector talking to a passenger ona train, What has the passenger done? ‘A He's lost his ticket. B_ He's passed his destination. © He's boarded the wrong train. 3. You hear an excerpt from a radio programme. What form of transport will not be used significantly more in 25 years’ time, according. to the programme? A cars B planes © bicycles 4 You hear two women imagining the trip of a lifetime, What do they agree about? A the length of the holiday B the method of transport C the first destination @@® mnie You hear a woman remembering her childhood, How did she use to get to school? ‘A. on the handlebars of her brother's bike B on foot © by tram You hear a man on a plane talking to one of the cabin crew. Why is he unhappy with his seat? A. He doesn’t like the person sitting next to him, B He'd prefer a seat by the aisle. C_ He's too close to the wing. You hear a lorry-driver talking about other road- users. Which are the worst, in his opinion? A taxi drivers B_ minibus drivers C drivers of sport cars You hear an advert for a new model of car. What is special about it? ‘A. The engine does not create any pollution. B_ The windscreen is unbreakable, C When the sun shines, the roof opens automatically.Use of English Part 4 Key word transformation 1 Complete each of sentences a-g with one of the conjunctions in the box. Use a dictionary to help ‘you if necessary. after as even though in case unless whereas whether a My brother is an experienced driver, he's only 19, b_ Jack gazed out of the window of the train he ate his sandwich. We're going to travel by plane you like it or not. 4 Ill be home by lunchtime the flight is delayed, You should carry your phone with you your car breaks down. f The ferry is slower: it takes five hours, it only takes two hours by plane. g. They're planning to backpack around Europe they finish their exams. 2, For questions a-f, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. If we don’t get to the station in five minutes, we'll miss our train, unless. We'll miss our train in five minutes. to the station Her family moved to France and then she got a job as a flight attendant. after She got a job as a flight attendant __ to France. During the walk home from work, my dad always makes phone calls. as My dad always makes phone calls from work. You might lose your passport, so make a note of the number, case ‘Make a note of your passport number it In spite of the freezing weather, we had a great holiday in Canada, even We had a great holiday in Canada, ‘was freezing, ‘We have to pay taxes even if we don't want to.x) Units 4-6° e artist who lived b Revw 1 Complete types of TV programmes a-e using the d_ Jackson Pollock was ‘words in the box, then match them with extracts and died in Usa, 1-3 below. © Could you stand by door while 1 take photo of you? bulletin forecast opera programme show Mount Etna isin sicily, which is island in aljehat a Mediterranean. b cookery g © news a 4. Write the words in a-d in the correct order to soap Gg make sentences expressing probability. Then weather a number the sentences from 1 (least likely) to 1 A hurricane has hit the southeast coast of the 4 (most likely). USA 2. Tomorrow will be bright in the south 3. Add the flour and mix wel 4 Tm sorry, but Pm in love with somebody else. 5 Today we'l be discussing love at first sight. Underline any incorrect uses of simple and continuous tenses in sentences af. Tick the sentences that do not contain an error. a How many times have I been telling you not to leave the windows open? b Are you considering going abroad to do your degree? I'm doubting that Suzie has been learning French for more than a few months. _ I'm not buying that book ~ it’s costing too ‘much! © [imagine the house will be beautiful once you've finished all the work, £ Tdon’t understand why you don't enjoy this ‘meal it’s delicious! Complete sentences a-f with a, an, the or no article. a Fifty years ago, people couldn't have imagined how important computers would be today, b Would you like to have dinner in __ garden this evening? © My grandfather was ~ dark hair. tall man with a will are chances the that rain it --—- O b Til there's that this no exam way pass a = o © before we'll it's that home midnight unlikely get Oo d later phone or sooner he’s to bound a Read the reported speech in a-f, then complete the equivalent direct speech. a The neighbours asked him not to tell anyone. 4 anyone. b_ The police ordered him to put his hands on his hea. Be head!” © His friend asked him how to make curry, _ curry?" 4 Jenny agreed to help him with his homework homework. @ The managing director advised her to apply for the job. ‘ job. {The kidnappers warned him not to contact the police. the police.6 Complete sentences a-f by adding a prefix from the box. Use each prefix once. a She felt _dressed at the wedding wearing just jeans and a Tshirt b Nearly half a million people attended the -war demonstration, © The 2007 film Flask Gordon was a make of an earlier film. She failed the exam because she was confident and didn’t bother to revise. e Can you lend me some money? I must have placed my wallet. f 1 grew up in an ordinary house in the South. detached 7 Complete gaps 1-7 in this advertisement for a car using the words in the box, The new KT 150 has a powerful (1) designed to deliver maximum power with minimum pollution. It's certainly a hi-tech car. ‘Anew kind of (2). uses fingerprint recognition to start the car, rather thar a traditional key. The audio system and satellite navigation can both be controlled without taking your hands off the [:) een as can the automatic (4) _. which folds back at the flick of a switch and stores itself " in the (5) in under 30 seconds. It’s cone of the safest cars on the market too. Not only is the (6) heated to ensure excellent visibility even in icy conditions, but the (7) are also designed to perform perfectly whatever the weather. 8 For 1-6, choose the correct words in italics to complete the dialogue. Man Excuse me. (1) Could/Would you mind telling me where the Museum of Modern Art ist Woman Not at all. I's in West Avenue, opposite the bus station. Man 2) Could/May I walk there, do you think? Woman Yes, but i’s about three kilometres Man Maybe I (3) must/ought to get a taxi Woman Or you (4) could/should get a bus. The stop is right here, Man Great! (5) May/Would 1 ask if you've been to the museum yourself? Woman Yes, Ihave. I's definitely worth a visit You (6) may/must make sure you see the sculptures in the museum garden, too. ‘They're beautiful. Circle the correct conjunctions to complete sentences a-e. a As/Whereas it’s late, we should have dinner at the hotel b It’s a good idea to photograph any valuable jewellery that you own ifn case it gets stolen. © really like Darren, as though/even though he’s ‘occasionally rude to me. @_ Well go walking in the hills, unless/until the weather's terrible tomorrow. € Since/While you've been so well behaved, you can have an ice cream. Review2 @ ®Reading Part 7 Multiple matching ‘1 Read the texts opposite about pioneers in the field of communications. Find out what each person invented. a Gutenberg invented b_ Braille invented © Morse invented 4 Bell invented_ Nesmith invented 2. Read the texts again carefully. For questions 1-10, choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once, Which person 1 was born more than S00 years ago? 2. suffered a terrible injury at a young age? 3 had ambitions to be an artist? 4 was inspired by a military invention? 5 lived in the USA but was not born there? 6 developed their invention using something belonging to one of their parents? 7 tried hard to convince people of the importance of their invention? 8 developed inventions to help combat a family member's disability? 9) did not make much money from their invention? 10 developed their invention based on something they heard on a ship? oe @® wnt? [ép) A Johannes paar] §=Gutenberg Johannes Gutenberg, who was born around 1400 in Germany, is credited with the invention 5 of the modern printing press. Before about 1450, most books were written or copied by hand. This made them extremely time-consuming to produce and expensive to buy. But in 10 1455, Gutenberg developed a machine which could print multiple copies of the same book. Today, there are 48 copies of Gutenberg's first book in existence. Gutenberg did not achieve financial success as a result of his breakthrough — the rich at that time regarded printed books as inferior — but his invention helped to spread knowledge across Europe.B Louis Braille » pom in France in 1809, Louis Braille became blind at the age of three after an accident in his father's workshop. When he was ten, he enrolled at a special school for blind enildren in Paris. In 1821, Charles Barbier, a former soldier, visited the school and talked about a code ‘hat he'd invented which allowed soldiers to share information on the battlefield without speaking. The code used dots that could be felt with the fingertips. Impressed by this idea, Louis worked on his own code, using one of his father’s tools to make the dots — ironically, the same kind of tool that had caused him to lose his sight twelve years earlier. The code that Louis invented has become standard throughout the world. D Alexander Graham Bell 4% Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland. He moved to Canada and then to the USA, before becoming an inventor. Perhaps because of his mother's hearing problems, Bell had a particular interest in the education of deaf people. This led him to invent ® the microphone and, in 1876, his ‘electrical speech ‘machine’, which we now calla telephone. Bell was not the only inventor working in this field, but his lawyer ‘Secured the patent which gave Bell ownership of the idea. Bell demonstrated his new invention Hs in America and Europe, and he was soon a rich and famous man. C Samuel Morse Samuel Morse, born in 1791 in Massachusetts, USA, started his career not as an inventor but as an. so artist. He had great artistic talent, and soon became well known for his portraits, Dut he also had a passion for new technology. In 1832, while travelling home by sea from Europe, he overheard a conversation about electromagnetism, and ss this gave him the idea for a new form of communication: the electric telegraph. Although other inventors had developed similar machines, Morse’s worked better. For the next five years, Morse tried to persuade politicians and businessmen in the USA to invest in a network of ¢o telegraph wires for sending messages between cities, ‘but most of them weren't interested. And yet, a few years later, telegraph wires allowed instant messages to bbe sent from one continent to another. E Bette Nesmith Bette Nesmith was bom in Texas in és 1924. She wanted to be a painter but, left alone to raise her son following a divorce, she found a job as a typist ina bank. Secretaries found it difficult to correct mistakes made by electric 70 typewriters. Knowing that artists corrected mistakes by painting over them, Nesmith applied the same principle to mistakes made when typing, She mixed artist's paint and applied it with a small brush. In her spare time, she began bottling the liquid and giving it to friends. Realizing that the product, which she called ‘liquid paper’, had commercial potential, she left her Job in 1956 and set up a company ‘to manufacture the liquid. Sales soared and in 1979, shortly before her death, she sold the company for 5 $47.5 million,