UNIVERSIDAD MANUELA BELTRAN
FUNDAMENTOS DEL CALCULO INTEGRAL
ACTIVIDAD 3: TALLER MÓDULO II_ MÉTODOS DE INTEGRACIÓN.
PRESENTADA POR
DIEGO ALEJANDRO PATIÑO GONZALEZ
TECNICO PROFESIONAL EN OPERACIÓN DE EQUIPOS INDUSTRIALES Y
ACTIVIDADES MINERAS
NOVIEMBRE 2021
POR SUSTITUCION SIMPLE
A.
20
36000𝑒 −0.6𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑡
0 (1 + 5𝑒 −0.6𝑡 )2
20
𝑒 −0.6𝑡
36000 ∗ ∫ −0.6𝑡 )2
𝑑𝑡
0 (1 + 5𝑒
Con la integral de sustitución
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑
(1 + 5𝑒 −0.6𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= (1) + (5𝑒 −0.6𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(1) = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(5𝑒 −0.6𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 −0.6𝑡
=5 (𝑒 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 −0.6𝑡
(𝑒 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
= (𝑒 ) (−0.6𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑢
= (𝑒 )
𝑑𝑡
= (𝑒 𝑢 )
𝑑
= (𝑒 𝑢 ) (−0.6𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
= (𝑒 𝑢−0.6 ) (−0.6𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(−0.6𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
= −0.6 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
= −0.6 ∗ 1
= 5𝑒 −0.6𝑡 (−0.6)
= −3𝑒 −0.6𝑡
𝑒 −0.6𝑡 1
∫ 2
(− −0.6𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 3𝑒
𝑒 −0.6𝑡 1
2
(− −0.6𝑡 )
𝑢 3𝑒
𝑒 −0.6𝑡 1
− 2
∗ −0.6𝑡
𝑢 3𝑒
𝑒 −0.6𝑡 ∗ 1
=
𝑢2 ∗ 3𝑒 −0.6𝑡
1
=
𝑢2 ∗ 3
1
= ∫− 𝑑𝑢
3𝑢2
𝑢 = 1 + 5𝑒 −0.6𝑡
= 1 + 5𝑒 −0.6∗0
5𝑒 −0.6∗0
𝑒 −0.6∗0
= 𝑒0
=1
=5∗1
=5
=5+1
6
𝑢 = 1 + 5𝑒 −0.6∗20
= 5𝑒 −12
1
=5∗
𝑒 12
1∗5
=
𝑒 12
5
=
𝑒 12
5
=1+
𝑒 12
5
=
162754,79
= 0.00003
= 1 + 0,00003
= 1,00003
1.00003
1
=∫ − 𝑑𝑢
6 3𝑢2
1.00003
1
= 36000 ∗ ∫ − 𝑑𝑢
6 3𝑢2
6
1
= 36000 (∫ − 𝑑𝑢)
1.00003 3𝑢2
6
1 1
= 36000 (− (− ∗ ∫ 𝑑𝑢))
3 1.00003 𝑢2
6
1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑢
1.00003 𝑢
6
=∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
1.00003
𝑢−2+1 6
=[ ]
−2 + 1 1.0003
𝑢−2+1
=
−2 + 1
𝑢−1
−1
= −𝑢−1
1
=−
𝑢
1 6
= [− ]
𝑢 1.00003
1 1 6
= 36000 (− (− [− ] ))
3 𝑢 1.00003
1 1 6
= 36000 ∗ [− ]
3 𝑢 1.00003
1 ∗ 36000 1 6
= [− ]
3 𝑢 1.00003
1 ∗ 36000
=
3
= 12000
1 6
= 12000 [− ]
𝑢 1.00003
1
lim 1.00003 + (− )
𝑢→1.00003 𝑢
1
=−
1.00003
= −0.99996
1
lim 6 − (− )
𝑢→6 𝑢
1
=
6
1
= − (−0.99996)
6
= 0.83330 ∗ 12000
= 9999.63 + 1000
B.
4
17856000
∫ 124000 − 𝑑𝑚
0 (𝑚 + 12)2
4 4
17856000
= ∫ 124000 − ∫ 𝑑𝑚
0 0 (𝑚 + 12)2
4
= ∫ 124000𝑑𝑚
0
4
= [124000𝑚]
0
lim 0 + (124000𝑚)
𝑚→0
= 124000 ∗ 0
=0
lim 0 + (124000𝑚)
𝑚→4
= 124000 ∗ 4
= 496000
= 496000 − 0
= 496000
4
17856000
∫ 𝑑𝑚
0 (𝑚 + 12)2
4
1
17856000 ∗ ∫ 𝑑𝑚
0 (𝑚 + 12)2
Sustitución 𝑢 = 𝑚 + 12
𝑑
(𝑚 + 12)
𝑑𝑚
𝑑 𝑑
= (𝑚) + (12)
𝑑𝑚 𝑚
𝑑
= (𝑚)
𝑑𝑚
=1
𝑑
= (12)
𝑚
=0
=1+0
=1
1
=∫ ∗ 1𝑑𝑢
𝑢2
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢2
𝑢 = 𝑚 + 12
= 0 + 12
= 12
𝑢 = 𝑚 + 12
= 4 + 12
= 16
16
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
12 𝑢2
16
1
= 17856000 ∗ ∫ 𝑑𝑢
12 𝑢2
16
1
∫ 𝑑𝑢
12 𝑢2
16
∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
12
𝑢−2+1
=[ ]
−2 + 1
𝑢−1
=
−1
= −𝑢−1
1
=−
𝑢
1 16
= [− ]
4 12
1 16
= 17856000 [− ]
4 12
1
lim (− )
𝑢→12 𝑢
1
=−
12
1
lim (− )
𝑢→16 𝑢
1
=−
16
1 1
=− − (− )
16 12
1 1
=− +
16 12
Se realiza MCM Y FACTORIZAR AL 16
=2∗8
=2∗2∗4
=2∗2∗2∗2
Se realiza MCM Y FACTORIZAR AL 12
=2∗6
=2∗2∗3
REALIZANDO EL FACTOR EN GENERAL
Se realiza MCM Y FACTORIZAR AL 16
=2∗2∗2∗2∗3
= 48
LUEGO SE AJUSTA EL MCM POR 3
1 1∗3 3
= =
16 12 ∗ 3 48
LUEGO SE AJUSTA EL MCM POR 4
1 1∗4 4
= =
16 12 ∗ 4 48
3 4
=− +
48 48
3+4
=−
48
1
=−
48
1
= 17856000 −
48
= 372000
= 496000 − 372000
= 124000
INTEGRACION POR PARTES
A.
∫(𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1)𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Por integración de partes
∫ 𝑢𝑣` = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑢′𝑣
𝑑
𝑢′ = ((𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1))
𝑑𝑧
𝑑
((𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1))
𝑑𝑧
𝑑 2 𝑑 𝑑
= (𝑧 ) + (3𝑧) − (1)
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑑 2
= (𝑧 )
𝑑𝑧
= 2𝑧 2−1
= 2𝑧
𝑑
= (3𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
𝑑
=3 (𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
=3∗1
=3
𝑑
= (1)
𝑑𝑧
=0
= 2𝑧 + 3 − 0
= 2𝑧 + 3
𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑢
(2𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
𝑑
=2 (𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
=2∗1
=2
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1
= ∗ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝐶
2
1 1
= (𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1) 𝑒 2𝑧 − ∫(2𝑧 + 3) 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2 2
1
= (2𝑧 + 3) 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 (2𝑧 + 3)
2
Por ley distributiva
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 2𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 3
2 2
1 1
= 2 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 𝑧 + 3 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2
1
= 2 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1 ∗ 2 2𝑧
= 𝑒 𝑧
2
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 ∗ 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧
1
3 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1 ∗ 3 2𝑧
= 𝑒
2
3
= 𝑒 2𝑧
2
3
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1 3
= 𝑒 2𝑧 (𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1) − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2 2
3
∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
3
∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧𝑑𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧𝑑𝑧
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑢
(2𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
𝑑
=2 (𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
=2∗1
=2
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑧 𝑑𝑢
2
2𝑧 = 𝑢
2𝑧 𝑢
=
2 2
𝑢
𝑧=
2
𝑢 1
= ∫ 𝑒𝑢 ∗ 𝑑𝑢
2 2
𝑢 1
𝑒𝑢 ∗
2 2
𝑢 ∗ 1 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
=
2∗2
𝑒𝑢𝑢
=
4
𝑒𝑢𝑢
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
4
1
= ∗ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑢𝑑𝑢
4
Aplicando integración por partes
∫ 𝑢𝑣 ′ = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑢′𝑣
𝑑
𝑢′ = (𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
=1
∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒𝑢
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
= 𝑢𝑒 𝑢 − ∫ 1 ∗ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒 𝑢 𝑢 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
= (𝑒 𝑢 𝑢 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢)
4
∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒𝑢
1
= (𝑒 𝑢 𝑢 − 𝑒 𝑢 )
4
1
= (𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 )
4
3
∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
3
= ∗ ∫ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑢
(2𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
𝑑
=2 (𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
=2∗1
=2
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
3 1
= ∗ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2
3 1
= ∗ ∗ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2
3 1 2𝑧
= ∗ 𝑒
2 2
3
=
2∗2
3
=
4
3
= 𝑒 2𝑧
4
1 3
= (𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 ) + 𝑒 2𝑧
4 4
Simplificando
1 2𝑧 3
(𝑒 ∗ 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 ) + 𝑒 2𝑧
4 4
1
= (2𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 )
4
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
4 4
1 1
= 2 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
4 4
1
= 2 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧
4
1 ∗ 2 2𝑧
= 𝑒 𝑧
4
1∗2
=
4
2
=
4
1
=
2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧
2
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
2 4
1 1 3
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧
2 4 4
1 3
− 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧
4 4
1 3
= 𝑒 2𝑧 (− + )
4 4
1 3
=− +
4 4
−1 + 3
=
4
2
4
1
2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2
1 1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 (𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1) − ( 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 )
2 2 2
Simplificando
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 (𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 1)
2
Distribución de paréntesis
1 1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑒 2𝑧 ∗ 3𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 (−1)
2 2 2
1 1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 3 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 1 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2 2
1
= 3 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧
2
3
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧
2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧
2
1 3 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2 2
1 3 1 1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 − ( 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 )
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
− ( 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 )
2 2
1 1
= − ( 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑒 2𝑧 )
2 2
1 1
= − ( 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧) − ( 𝑒 2𝑧 )
2 2
1 1
= − 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2
1 3 1 1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
− 𝑒 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 (− − )
2 2
−1 − 1
=
2
−2
=
2
= −1
= −𝑒 2𝑧
1 3 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧
2 2 2
3 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧
2 2
3 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 ( − )
2 2
3 1
−
2 2
3−1
=
2
=1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧
1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝐶
2
2 B.
∫(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Por integración de partes
∫ 𝑢𝑣` = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑢′𝑣
𝑑
𝑢′ = ((𝑥 2 + 1))
𝑥
𝑑 2 𝑑
= (𝑥 ) + (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2
(𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 2−1
= 2𝑥
𝑑
(1)
𝑑𝑥
=0
= 2𝑥 + 0
= 2𝑥
𝑣 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑢
=3
𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
3
1
= ∗ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢
3
1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)
3
1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3
1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝐶
3
1 1
= (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) − ∫ 2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 3
Multiplicando
1
2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3
1∗2
= 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3
2
=
3
1 2
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 1) − ∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 3
2
∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3
2
= ∗ ∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3
Por integración de partes
∫ 𝑢𝑣` = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑢′𝑣
𝑑
𝑢′ = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
=1
𝑣 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑
(3𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
=3 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
=3∗1
=3
1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
3
1
= ∗ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
3
1
= (−𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢))
3
1
= (−𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥))
3
1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)
3
1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) + 𝐶
3
1 1
= 𝑥 (− 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)) − ∫ 1 ∗ (− 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
3 3
1 1
= −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) − ∫ −1 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 3
1 1
= − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) − ∫ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 3
2 1 1
= (− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) − ∫ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥)
3 3 3
1
∫ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
3
1
= − ∗ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
3
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑
(3𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
=3 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
=3∗1
=3
1
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
3
1 1
= − ∗ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
3 3
1 1
= − ∗ ∗ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
3 3
1 1
= − ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)
3 3
1 1
= − ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3 3
Simplificando
1 1
= − ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3 3
1 1
=− ∗
3 3
1
=
9
1
= − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
9
2 1 1
= (− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) − (− 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)))
3 3 9
1 2 1 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 1) − (− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥))
3 3 3 9
1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 1)
3
1 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) ∗ 1
3 3
1 1
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 1 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3 3
1 1
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3 3
1 1 2 1 1
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) − (− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥))
3 3 3 3 9
2 1 1
− (− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥))
3 3 9
2 1 2 1
= ∗ 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) − ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3 3 3 9
2 1
= ∗ 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)
3 3
2∗1
=
3∗3
2
=
9
2
= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥(3𝑥)
9
2 1
∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3 9
2 1
= ∗
3 9
2
=
27
2
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)
27
2 2
= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥(3𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)
9 27
1 1 2 2
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥(3𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)
3 3 9 27
1 2 1 2
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)
3 9 3 27
1 2
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (3𝑥)
3 27
1 2
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) ( − )
3 27
1 2
−
3 27
MCM
3,27
FACTORIZACION DE 3 ES 3
FACTORIZACION DE 27
=3∗9
=3∗3∗3
= 27
AJUSTANDO MCM
1 1∗9 9
= =
3 3 ∗ 9 27
9 2
= −
27 27
9−2
=
27
7
=
27
7
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
27
1 2 7
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝐶
3 9 27
4. Fracciones parciales
2
4𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 12
∫ 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3)
4𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 12
𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3)
Creamos una fracción parcial con el denominador
4𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 12 𝑎0 𝑎1 𝑎2
= + +
𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) 𝑦 𝑦+2 𝑦−3
𝑦(4𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 12)(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) 𝑎0 𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) 𝑎1 𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) 𝑎2 𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3)
= + +
𝑦(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
Simplificando
4𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 12 = 𝑎0 (𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) + 𝑎1 𝑦(𝑦 − 3) + 𝑎2 𝑦(𝑦 + 2)
4 ∗ 02 − 7 ∗ 0 − 12 = 𝑎0 (0 + 2)(0 − 3) + 𝑎1 ∗ 0 ∗ (0 − 3) + 𝑎2
Expandiendo la operación
−12 = −6𝑎0
−6𝑎0 = −12
Dividimos ambos lugares por -6
−6𝑎0 −12
=
−6 −6
simplificando
−6𝑎0
=
−6
= 𝑎0
−12
=
−6
Aplicamos la regla de la fracción
12
=
6
=2
𝑎0 = 2
Para la raíz del denominador
4(−2)2 − 7(−2) − 12 = 𝑎0 ((−2) + 2)((−2) − 3) + 𝑎1 (−2)
Expandiendo la operación
18 = 10𝑎1
10𝑎1 = 18
Se divide en ambos lados por 10
10𝑎1 18
=
10 10
Simplificando
9
𝑎1 =
5
4 ∗ 32 − 7 ∗ 3 − 12 = 𝑎0 (3 + 2)(3 − 3) + 𝑎1 ∗ 3(3 − 3) + 𝑎2 ∗ 3(3 + 2)
Expandiendo el ejercicio
3 = 15𝑎2
15𝑎2 = 3
Se divide ambos por 15
15𝑎2 3
=
15 15
Simplificando
1
𝑎2 =
5
9 1
𝑎0 = 2, 𝑎1 = , 𝑎2 =
5 5
2 9 1
+ +
𝑦 5 5
𝑦+2 𝑦−3
Simplificando
2
𝑦
2
=
𝑦
9
5
𝑦+2
9
=
5(𝑦 + 2)
1
5
𝑦−3
1
=
5(𝑦 − 3)
2 9 1
= + +
𝑦 5(𝑦 + 2) 5(𝑦 − 3)
2
2 9 1
=∫ + + 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦 5(𝑦 + 2) 5(𝑦 − 3)
2
2
=∫ 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦
2
1
=2∗∫ 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦
2
= 2[𝑖𝑛|𝑦|]
1
lim 1 + (𝑖𝑛|𝑦|)
𝑦→
= 𝑖𝑛|1|
=1
= 𝑖𝑛(1)
=0
lim 2 + (𝑖𝑛|𝑦|)
𝑦→
= 𝑖𝑛|2|
=2
= 𝑖𝑛(2) − 0
= 𝑖𝑛(2)
= 2𝑖𝑛(2)
2
9
∫ 𝑑𝑦
1 5(𝑦 + 2)
2
9 1
= ∗∫ 𝑑𝑦
5 1 𝑦+2
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑
(𝑦 + 2)
𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑑
= (𝑦) + (2)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑
= (𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
=1
𝑑
= (2)
𝑑𝑦
=0
=1+0
1
= ∫ ∗ 1𝑑𝑢
𝑢
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦+2
=1+2
=3
𝑢 = 𝑦+2
=2+2
=4
4
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
3 𝑢
4
9 1
= ∗ ∫ 𝑑𝑢
5 3 𝑢
9 4
= [𝑖𝑛|𝑢|]
5 3
lim 3 + (𝑖𝑛|𝑢|)
𝑢→
= 𝑖𝑛|3|
= 𝑖𝑛(3)
=3
lim 4 + (𝑖𝑛|𝑢|)
𝑢→
= 𝑖𝑛|4|
= 𝑖𝑛(4)
=4
= 𝑖𝑛(22 )
= 2𝑖𝑛(2)
= 2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3)
9
= (2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3))
5
2
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦
1 5(𝑦 − 3)
2
1 1
= ∗∫ 𝑑𝑦
5 1 𝑦−3
Integral sustitución por definición
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) ∗ 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑
(𝑦 − 3)
𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑑
= (𝑦) − (3)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑
= (𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
=1
𝑑
= (3)
𝑑𝑦
=0
=1−0
=1
1
= ∫ ∗ 1𝑑𝑢
𝑢
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦−3
=1−3
= −2
𝑢 = 𝑦−3
=2−3
= −1
−1
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
−2 𝑢
−1
1 1
= ∗∫ 𝑑𝑢
5 −2 𝑢
1
[𝑖𝑛|𝑢|]−1
5 −2
lim −2 + (𝑖𝑛|𝑢|)
𝑢→
= 𝑖𝑛|(−2)|
= 𝑖𝑛(2)
lim −1 − (𝑖𝑛|𝑢|)
𝑢→
= 𝑖𝑛|(−1)|
= |−1|
= 𝑖𝑛(1)
=0
= 0 − 𝑖𝑛(2)
= −𝑖𝑛(2)
1
= (−𝑖𝑛(2))
5
1
= 𝑖𝑛(2)
5
9 1
= 2𝑖𝑛(2) + (2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3)) − 𝑖𝑛(2)
5 5
9
= (2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3))
5
9(2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3))
5
9(2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3)) 1
= 2𝑖𝑛(2) + − 𝑖𝑛(2)
5 5
multiplicamos
1
= 𝑖𝑛(2)
5
1 ∗ 𝑖𝑛(2)
=
5
𝑖𝑛(2)
=
5
9(2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3)) 𝑖𝑛(2)
= 2𝑖𝑛(2) + −
5 5
9(2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3)) − 𝑖𝑛(2)
=
5
= 9(2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3)) − 𝑖𝑛(2)
= 9(2𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(3))
= 9 ∗ 2𝑖𝑛(2) − 9𝑖𝑛(3)
= 18𝑖𝑛(2) − 9𝑖𝑛(3)
= 18𝑖𝑛(2) − 9𝑖𝑛(3) − 𝑖𝑛(2)
= 18𝑖𝑛(2) − 𝑖𝑛(2) − 9𝑖𝑛(3)
= 17𝑖𝑛(2) − 9𝑖𝑛(3)
17𝑖𝑛(2) − 9𝑖𝑛(3)
= 2𝑖𝑛(2) +
5
