ACCESO A CICLO SUPERIOR

GRAMATICA COMPLETA

INGLÉS
CONJUGACIÓN DEL VERBO TO BE Y ESTRUCTURAS

Para aquellos para los que éste sea su primer contacto con el inglés, os comentaré que:
• Primero, debéis perder el miedo a aprender un idioma.
• Segundo, el inglés es un idioma muy fácil en cuanto a la gramática se refiere, está basado en una serie de
estructuras, hay una estructura para las oraciones afirmativas, otra para las negativas y otra para las
interrogativas, apréndete bien esas estructuras y podrás escribir oraciones básicas, una vez que vayas
adquiriendo un vocabulario básico, para lo cual acostúmbrate a usar siempre un diccionario e ir traduciendo
todas aquellas palabras que no conozcas.
• Los tiempos verbales son muy fáciles, únicamente existe presente, pasado y futuro.
• Los exámenes de acceso a la universidad siguen todos los años un esquema, a lo largo de este curso se te
irá indicando cuál es ese modelo de examen e iremos practicando cada una de esas partes de dicho examen.
Para empezar con la gramática inglesa, debemos aprender el verbo TO BE (SER Y ESTAR), es quizás el verbo
más importante del inglés y debes aprenderlo de memoria. Como habrás comprobado, existe un solo
verbo para los dos correspondientes en español.
Conjugaré en primer lugar el verbo TO BE en afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa, para luego indicarte las
diferentes estructuras de las que antes te hablaba.

TO BE (SER Y ESTAR)

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I AM I AM NOT AM I?
YOU ARE YOU ARE NOT ARE YOU?
HE IS HE IS NOT IS HE?
SHE IS SHE IS NOT IS SHE?
IT IS IT IS NOT IS IT?
WE ARE WE ARE NOT ARE WE?
YOU ARE YOU ARE NOT ARE YOU?
THEY ARE THEY ARE NOT ARE THEY?

Estas son las formas completas del verbo TO BE, también podemos utilizar las formas contractas para las
oraciones afirmativas y negativas.

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A continuación conjugaré dichas formas:

Afirmativa Negativa
I’M I AM NOT
YOU’RE YOU AREN’T
HE’S HE ISN’T
SHE’S SHE ISN’T
IT’S IT ISN’T
WE’RE WE AREN’T
YOU’RE YOU AREN’T
THEY’RE THEY AREN’T

Ya hemos conjugado el verbo TO BE, es importante que sepas que el verbo en sí, es: AM, ARE, IS, lo que aparece a
la izquierda son los pronombres personales, o pronombres sujeto.
• I (YO) 1ª persona singular.
• You (TÚ) 2ª persona singular.
• He (ÉL) 3ª persona masculino singular.
• She (ELLA) 3ª persona femenino singular.
• It (ELLO) 3ª persona singular. Se utiliza para cosas y animales.
• We (NOSOTROS/AS) 1ª persona plural.
• You (VOSOTROS/AS) 2ª persona plural.
• They (ELLOS/AS) 3ª persona plural.
Como ya te habrás dado cuenta, la 2ª persona del singular y del plural son iguales, ¿cómo las distinguirás? Muy fácil,
por el contexto, cuando se trate del plural irá acompañado de sustantivos en plural.
Ej:You are a nurse: Tú eres enfermera/You are nurses: Vosotras sois enfermeras
No existen en inglés fórmulas de cortesía y respeto como el Usted y Ustedes del español. Siempre utilizaremos You,
como antes te he indicado, para singular y plural.
ESTRUCTURAS
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO TO BE + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: I am Spanish. Yo soy española
• Es muy importante que recuerdes que en inglés todas las oraciones deben llevar sujeto, una oración sin sujeto
es una oración mal construida, la razón es que los verbos no se conjugan y todas las personas tienen
la misma forma, de esta manera, a menos que coloques un sujeto, no se sabría quien realiza la acción
del verbo. El sujeto puede ser uno de los pronombres personales o un nombre propio.
Anna is English. Anna es inglesa.

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 • En ingles no existen géneros, así se utiliza la misma forma para el masculino y el femenino. Compara las
siguientes frases:
Peter is French. Peter es francés / Susan is French. Susan es francesa
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO TO BE + NOT + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: They are not teachers. Ellos no son profesores.
Michael is not Chinese. Michael no es chino
ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS:
VERBO TO BE + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Are you Japanese? ¿Eres japonés?
Is Margaret German? ¿Margaret es alemana?
• Recuerda que los años en inglés siempre se preguntan con el verbo TO BE, es muy importante que recuerdes
cómo preguntar la edad.
HOW OLD ARE YOU? I AM 17 (¿Cuántos años tienes? Tengo 17 años)
• Como habrás comprobado, en ingles el signo de interrogación va sólo al final de la oración, nunca al principio
como sucede en español.
Ya hemos aprendido a preguntar en inglés, lo más normal en este tipo de preguntas es hacer una respuesta corta,
veamos cómo hacerlo.
Respuesta corta afirmativa:
Yes, Sujeto(en forma de pronombre)+ Verbo
Ej: Is she Italian? Yes, she is (¿Ella es italiana? Sí, si lo es)
Are Peter and Philip Portuguese? Yes, they are
Respuesta corta negativa:
No, Sujeto(pronombre) + Verbo + Not (forma contracta)
Ej: Are you doctors? No, we aren’t
Is John British? No, he isn’t

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PREGUNTAS CON PARTÍCULAS INTERROGATIVAS:

QUESTION WORD + VERBO TO BE + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTOS?

Ej: Where are you from? I am from Spain
WHAT: ¿QUÉ?
WHEN: ¿CUÁNDO?
WHERE: ¿DÓNDE?
WHY: ¿POR QUÉ?
HOW? ¿CÓMO?
WHO? ¿QUIÉN?
HOW MUCH ? ¿CUÁNTO? (OBJETOS INCONTABLES)
HOW MANY? ¿CUÁNTO? (OBJETOS CONTABLES)
WHAT TIME? ¿A QUÉ HORA?
WHOSE? ¿DE QUIÉN?

EJERCICIOS

Give questions for these answers:

• No, I am married.
• She is ten years old.
• Half past seven.
• From Germany.
• It is near the supermarket.
• 91 863 245
• Well, thank you, and you?
• Lopez.
• Teresa
• No, they are dentists.

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THERE IS / THERE ARE: HAY

THERE IS: Singular

THERE ARE: Plural

ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS:
THERE IS/ ARE + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: There is a new boy in my classroom.
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS:
THERE IS/ ARE NOT + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: There aren’t books on the table.
ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS:
IS / ARE THERE + COMPLEMENTOS?:
Ej: Is there an empty chair here?

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ARTÍCULOS

En ingles, igual que en español, hay dos tipos de artículos:

A / AN: Artículo indeterminado: Un/Una /Uno
Se utiliza cuando es la primera vez que nombramos un objeto, únicamente se utiliza con objetos contables en singular,
se utiliza tanto para masculino como para femenino.
Ej: I am a girl : Soy una niña / Peter is a boy: Peter es un niño

Utilizamos AN en lugar de A cuando la siguiente palabra empieza por vocal.

Ej: It is an elephant: Es un elefante
Es obligatorio el uso del artículo indeterminado delante de las profesiones en singular.
Ej: Jane is a teacher: Jane es profesora
THE: Artículo determinado: El /La/ Los /Las
Se utiliza con objetos contables e incontables, cuando ya hemos hablado antes de ese objeto o persona y los
hablantes ya sabemos a que no estamos refiriendo. Se utiliza tanto en singular como en plural, masculino y femenino.
Ej: It is a car. The car is red: Es un coche. El coche es rojo.
The boys are Scottish: Los niños son escoceses
No utilizaremos el artículo cuando nos referimos a algo en plural como grupo.
Oranges are fruits. Las naranjas son frutas.
Cuando sólo existe un ejemplar del objeto al que nos referimos utilizamos el artículo THE.
Ej: The sun (el sol), the moon (la luna) the earth (la tierra) the world (el mundo)

EJERCICIOS

Put A/AN or THE in these sentences where necessary:

• Would you like apple?
• Can you close door, please?
• Excuse me, where is bus station, please?
• I’ve got problem. Can you help me?
• My sister has got job in bank in Manchester
• We live in small flat near city centre
• There is small supermarket at end of street I live in.
• Sun is star.

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ADJETIVOS

• Los adjetivos en inglés, igual que los artículos y los sustantivos no tienen género.
• Nunca llevan plural, el plural lo lleva el sustantivo al que acompañan.
Peter and Helen are happy: Peter y Helen son felices.
Peter is happy: Peter es feliz.

• El adjetivo siempre va delante del sustantivo.

The English girl is thin: La niña inglesa es delgada
The red car is new: El coche rojo es nuevo

EJERCICIOS

Ahora que ya conoces el verbo TO BE, los artículos y los adjetivos, vamos a practicar lo que hemos
aprendido. Traduce las siguientes frases en inglés, en afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa según el
ejemplo. Utiliza el diccionario para las palabras que no conozcas.
• El chico francés es alto.
Afirmativa: The French boy is tall
Negativa: The French boy is not tall
Interrogativa: Is the French boy tall?
• Los libros azules son viejos.
• William es médico.
• Las mujeres españolas son guapas.
• La profesora es delgada.
• La camiseta amarilla es cara.
• La mesa grande es nueva.
• La casa está sucia.

Completa los espacios de las siguientes frases con la forma correcta del verbo TO BE
Hello girls: Welcome to the school!! Let's introduce our teachers:
This is James. He ............the English teacher and he ...........from England. This is Rose. She ............ the cook and she
.............from London. This is John and this is Anne. They ..........students. They ............from Scotland. You .........good
students.
Girls, we...........ready and I think the teachers ............ready. Let's begin the lessons.

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CONJUGACIÓN DEL VERBO TO HAVE Y
ESTRUCTURAS

El segundo verbo que vamos a aprender es el verbo TO HAVE (TENER), es, al igual que TO BE, un verbo
irregular. Las estructuras para las oraciones afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas son las mismas que para el
verbo TO BE. Conjugaré en primer lugar el verbo:

TO HAVE (TENER)

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I HAVE GOT I HAVE NOT GOT HAVE I GOT?
YOU HAVE GOT YOU HAVE NOT GOT HAVE YOU GOT?
HE HAS GOT HE HAS NOT GOT HAS HE GOT?
SHE HAS GOT SHE HAS NOT GOT HAS SHE GOT?
IT HAS GOT IT HAS NOT GOT HAS IT GOT?
WE HAVE GOT WE HAVE NOT GOT HAVE WE GOT?
YOU HAVE GOT YOU HAVE NOT GOT HAVE YOU GOT?
THEY HAVE GOT THEY HAVE NOT GOT HAVE THEY GOT?

La palabra GOT no aporta ningún significado al propio verbo, se puede omitir en las oraciones afirmativas.
Igual que el verbo TO BE también el verbo TO HAVE tiene sus correspondientes formas contractas:

Afirmativa Negativa
I’VE I HAVEN’T GOT
YOU’VE YOU HAVEN’T GOT
HE’S HE HASN’T GOT
SHE’S SHE HASN’T GOT
IT’S IT HASN’T GOT
WE’VE WE HAVEN’T GOT
YOU’VE YOU HAVEN’T GOT
THEY’VE THEY HAVEN’T GOT

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ESTRUCTURAS
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO TO HAVE + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: I have got a big house. Tengo una casa grande
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + HAVE/HAS NOT GOT + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: You have not got a dog: Tú no tienes un perro
ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS:
HAVE/HAS + SUJETO + GOT + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Have you got an American friend? ¿Tienes un amigo Americano?

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EJERCICIOS

A) Complete the sentences with TO BE or TO HAVE:

1. Where ------------- you from?
2. Robert ------------- an apple.
3. Anna ------------ twenty nine years old.
4. They ----------- cold.
5. He --------------- a chocolate ice cream.
6. There ------------- a book on the table.
7. A Ford --------- a small car but it --------- four doors.
8. ----------- there any people from Germany in the class?
9. Silvia ------------ very young.
10. There------------ some beer in the fridge.
B) Find the right answers for these questions:
1) Where is the camera? A) London.
2) Is your car blue? B) No, I am not.
3) Is Linda from London? C) Yes, you are.
4) Am I late? D) My sister.
5) Where is Ann from? E) Black
6) What colour is your bag? F) In your bag.
7) Are you hungry? G) No, it’s black.
8) How is George? H) No, she is American.
9) Who is that woman? I) Very well.
C) Write the questions: (Read the answers first)
(name) -------------------------------------------------------- Paul.
(married or single)---------------------------------------- I am married.
(American) -------------------------------------------------- No, I’m Australian.
(how old) ---------------------------------------------------- I’m 30.
(a teacher) ----------------------------------------------------No, I’m a lawyer.
(wife a lawyer)----------------------------------------------No, she is a designer.
(from)----------------------------------------------------------She is Italian.
(her name)--------------------------------------------------- Anna.
(how old)-----------------------------------------------------She is 27.

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ADJETIVOS / PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS:

SINGULAR:
THIS: ESTE/ ESTA/ESTO: (Para referirse a objetos cercanos al hablante)
THAT: ESE/ ESA/ ESO / AQUEL/AQUELLA/AQUELLO (Objetos que están lejos de la persona que habla)
PLURAL:
THESE: ESTOS / ESTAS (Objetos cercanos)
THOSE: ESOS/ ESAS/ AQUELLOS/AQUELLAS (Objetos lejanos)

ADJETIVOS Y PRONOMBRES

P. Personales A. Posesivos P. Posesivos P. Objeto

I MY MINE ME
YOU YOUR YOURS YOU
HE HIS HIS HIM
SHE HER HERS HER
IT ITS ----- IT
WE OUR OURS US
YOU YOUR YOURS YOU
THEY THEIR THEIRS THEM

Pronombres personales: Los usaremos únicamente como sujeto de la oración.

Ej: I am American but he is Italian.
Adjetivos posesivos: Se utilizan para expresar posesión, quién es el propietario de los objetos siempre delante de un
sustantivo/nombre.
Ej: My house is very big but our room is very small.
Pronombres posesivos: Se utilizan para indicar quién es el dueño de algo, sustituyen al sustantivo/nombre. Pueden
funcionar como sujeto.
Ej: Whose is this car? It’s mine.
Pronombres objeto: Funcionan como complemento directo o indirecto del verbo de la oración. Cada vez que aparezca
un pronombre en una oración que no sea sujeto de la frase. Detrás de una preposición siempre utilizamos este tipo de
pronombres.
Ej: Did you see Peter? Yes, I saw him last week but I didn’t talk to him.

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EJERCICIOS

A) Complete the sentences with HIS/ HER/THEIR

1. I saw Liz with ---------- husband, Philip.
2. I saw Ann and Ted with --------- children.
3. I saw Ted with --------- wife, Ann.
4. I saw George with ----------- brother, Bill.
5. I saw Ann with -------------brother, Bill.
6. I saw Liz and Philip with -------- son, Bill.
7. I saw Ann with ----------- parents.
8. I saw Diana and Robert with --------- parents.

B) Fill in the blanks with the following subject pronouns and possessive adjectives: I
/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/MY/YOUR/HIS/HER/THEIR/YOUR:
1. Are you Mary Lewis? Yes, ---------- am.
2. She is from Spain. -------- name is Carmen.
3. He is from Japan, --------- name is Paul Watanabe.
4. Are you Italian? No, --------- am Greek.
5. Is your name John? No, -------- isn’t.
6. -------- name is Alice, ---------- am a dentist.
7. Monica and ---------- mother are doctors.
8. Philip is French but ---------- wife is German.
9. George and Karen are British, --------- daughter is married to an American.
10. Ann is a photographer and ---------- brother is a teacher.
11. My sister and --------- are American but --------- parents are Greek.
12. Henry’s mother is a shop assistant, ---------- name is Lucy.
13. Alice and Bill are doctors and ---------- son is a student.
14. This is ---------- brother John and this is ----------- room.

C) Fill in the gaps. Use the personal pronouns and possessive adjectives.
Melinda is an English girl. ------------ lives in a beautiful house on the outskirts of Reading. -------- a bit far from the
school. -------- mother takes her there by car every morning because -------- works in a hospital nearby. In the
afternoon, after school, Melinda goes back home by bus.
------- classmates Jeffrey and David go back with her. ------- are -------- neighbours.

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D) Choose the right word:
1. It’s their/theirs problem, not our/ ours.
2. This is a nice camera. Is it your/yours?
3. That’s not my/mine umbrella. My/Mine is black.
4. Whose books are these? Your /Yours or my/mine?
5. Catherine is going out with her/ hers friends this evening.
6. My/mine room is bigger than her/hers
7. They have got two children but I don’t know their/theirs names
8. Can we use your washing machine? Our/Ours is broken

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GENITIVO SAJON

Otra forma de expresar posesión en inglés es el genitivo sajón, con él indicaremos quién es el poseedor o dueño de
algún objeto, siempre que este poseedor sea una persona o un animal.
La casa de la niña The girl’s house
Posesión Poseedor
Formamos el genitivo sajón:
• El poseedor aparece en primer lugar, al nombre propio le añadimos un apóstrofe y una s ‘S.
• A continuación, añadimos la posesión, entre el poseedor y la posesión no puede aparecer ningún artículo
posesivo o preposición. Si el poseedor es un nombre propio, no utilizamos artículo, si es un nombre
común podemos utilizar artículos a adjetivos posesivos.
My brother’s room. ( La habitación de mi hermano)
The cat’s eyes. (Los ojos del gato)
Siempre utilizamos el genitivo sajón para expresar relaciones de parentesco o vínculos familiares. En este caso,
la persona irá en primer lugar, como poseedor, y a continuación el parentesco que les une. ( Observa que Juan es
un nombre propio y por tanto no hay artículo delante del nombre, entre Juan y sister no hay ningún artículo ni
preposición)
Juan’s sister (La hermana de Juan)
Peter’s parents. (Los padres de Peter)
Cuando no hay posesión, relación familiar, o el poseedor no es ni persona ni animal, utilizamos la expresión OF (DE)
(el poseedor sería una cosa o un lugar)
The door OF the room (La puerta de la habitación)

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FAMILY: RELATIVES

GRANDPARENTS: Grandfather – Grandmother (abuelos: abuelo/a)

PARENTS: Father – Mother (Padres: padre/madre)
CHILDREN: Son – Daughter (Hijos: hijo/a)
Brother/Sister ( Hermano/a)
Uncle /Aunt / Cousin ( Tio/a /primo/a)
Nephew /Niece (Sobrino/a)
Husband / Wife (Marido / mujer)
GRANDCHILDREN: Grandson – Granddaughter (Nietos: Nieto/a)

FAMILY TREE

WILLIAM + JANE

PAUL+MAGGY ANNE LISA +HENRY

John, Mary Susan, Richard

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EJERCICIOS:

A) Complete the following exercise by using the Saxon genitive:

Ej: William is JANE’S HUSBAND. (JANE)
1. William and Jane are ------------------------------------- (LISA)
2. Paul is --------------------------------------------------------- (LISA)
3. Lisa is ----------------------------------------------------------( HENRY)
4. Paul is ---------------------------------------------------------( WILLIAM)
5. John and Mary are------------------------------------------(MAGGY)
6. John and Mary are -----------------------------------------(WILLIAM)
7. Mary is ---------------------------------------------------------(ANNE)
8. Richard is ------------------------------------------------------( ANNE)
9. Anne is ----------------------------------------------------------(SUSAN)
10. Paul is -----------------------------------------------------------(SUSAN)
11. John is -----------------------------------------------------------(SUSAN)
12. Lisa is ------------------------------------------------------------(SUSAN)
13. Mary is -----------------------------------------------------------(JANE)
14. Anne is -----------------------------------------------------------(LISA)
15. Mary is -----------------------------------------------------------(MAGGY)
B) Rewrite the following sentences by using the Saxon genitive.
Ej: The girl has a pretty dress. The girl’s dress is pretty.
1. The man has white hair. -------------------------------------- is white.
2. Mary has red shoes. --------------------------------------------are red.
3. The king has a beautiful palace.----------------------------is beautiful.
4. Alice has a new bicycle. ---------------------------------------is new.
5. The cat has green eyes. ----------------------------------------are green.
6. My dog has a long tail. -----------------------------------------is long.
7. The men have long hair. --------------------------------------- is long.
C) Translate the following sentences:
1. ¿Está el hermano de Pedro en la cocina? No, no está.
2. La casa de Paul es muy bonita.
3. Este es el coche de Billy y aquel es el de Mary.
4. ¿Dónde está la cerveza de tu abuelo? Está en la cocina.
5. El marido de Susan es el padre de Robert.
6. Hoy es el cumpleaños de mi madre.

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TIEMPOS VERBALES

PRESENTE

PRESENTE CONTINUO:
• Se forma con el VERBO TO BE + VERBO PRINCIPAL + ING
• Se utiliza para expresar acciones que se están realizando en este momento, en el momento en que estamos
hablando, o periodos de tiempo que aún no han terminado (TODAY, THIS WEEK)
Va acompañado de expresiones de tiempo como NOW, AT THE MOMENT, AT PRESENT.
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + TO BE+ VB+ING + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: I am learning English at the moment.
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + TO BE+NOT+ VB+ING+COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: We are not learning Chinese this year.
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
(WH- WORD) +VB TO BE+ SUJETO + VB + ING + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: Are you learning Italian now? What are you doing?

(Observa que he colocado entre paréntesis la wh- Word, puesto que no siempre la necesitaremos para hacer
preguntas )

ING SPELLING:
• Verbos que acaban en –E: Pierde la E y añadimos –ing: Make – Making
• Verbos que acaban en – IE: IE se transforma en Y, añadimos ing: Die _ Dying
• Verbos de una sílaba formada por consonante – vocal –consonante: Doblan la última consonante y añaden –
ing: Put – Putting
• Verbos que acaban en –Y y –W: Mantienen Y y W y añaden –ing: Enjoy-enjoying , snow – snowing.

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EJERCICIOS

A) What’s happening at the moment? Write TRUE sentences:

• I / wash / my hair. I am not washing my hair.
• It/ snow.
• I/ sit / on a chair
• I / eat
• It/ rain
• I/ learn/ English
• I / listen/ to music
• The sun/ shine
• I / wear / shoes
• I / read/ a newspaper
B) Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
1. working / Paul / today? Is Paul working today?
2. What /doing / the children?
3. You / listening / to me?
4. Where / going / your friends?
5. Your parents/ television / watching?
6. What / cooking / Ann?
7. Why / you / looking at me ?
8. Coming / the bus?

PRESENTE SIMPLE:
Se utiliza para expresar acciones que se realizan habitualmente, acciones que realizamos todos los días. Rutinas,
hábitos.
Utilizaremos el verbo auxiliar TO DO, para las oraciones negativas e interrogativas. (DOES PARA LA 3ª PERSONA)
Las oraciones afirmativas no necesitan auxiliar, sin embargo añadiremos una S al verbo en la tercera persona del
singular.
Suele ir acompañado de expresiones de tiempo como EVERYDAY y adverbios de frecuencia como ALWAYS,
USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, NEVER.
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: I play football everyday.
* Recuerda añadir la S al verbo en la 3ª persona del singular, únicamente en las oraciones afirmativas.
Ej: He always drinks coffee for breakfast.

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O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + DON’T / DOESN’T + VERBO + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: You don’t speak Spanish
He doesn’t play the piano.
* Como verás no hemos añadido S en la 3ª persona, ya que tenemos el auxiliar DOES que ya nos esa 3ª persona.
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
DO/DOES + SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Do you like chocolate?
Does she read French books?
* La respuesta corta para estas preguntas se forma con el sujeto, en forma de pronombre + el verbo auxiliar DO /
DOES
Ej: Do you live in Madrid? Yes, I do
Does it rain here? No, it doesn’t.

ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA:
ALWAYS : SIEMPRE
OFTEN: A MENUDO
NEVER: NUNCA
USUALLY: NORMALMENTE
SOMETIMES: A VECES

Tienen una posición fija dentro de las oraciones: Siempre se colocan delante del verbo principal, excepto con el verbo
TO BE, con el que van detrás.
Ej: I never get up late
He is always happy.

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EJERCICIOS

A) Completa el siguiente artículo periodístico sobre Lord Stonebury. Utiliza PRESENTE SIMPLE. Todos los
verbos han de ser afirmativos. Recuerda la 3ª persona del singular. Debes utilizar todos los verbos que te doy a
continuación. En algunos casos han de usarse más de una vez (tal y como te indico entre paréntesis). Busca
en
el diccionario aquellos verbos que no conozcas.
Go (4) / have (3) / live (2) / get / meet / own / play / read / spend / talk
Lord Stonebury is 28 years old. He --------------- in Belgravia, in London’s West End. He is very rich and he ---------- the
company Office Blocks International. Every morning the young Lord --------------- breakfast in bed and ------------- the
newspapers. He ------------ up at 10 o’clock and usually ---------- for a walk in Hyde Park. He ------------- lunch at his club.
He sometimes --------------the Directors OBI, and they ---------- about the company’s plans. In the afternoon Lord
Stonebury and his friends sometimes ------------- golf. Then they --------- for a few drinks. Or sometimes he and a
girlfriend ----------- for a drive in his sports car. After dinner Lord Stonebury ---------- to a night club or a casino with one
of
his girlfriends. They ------------ home at about 2 o’clock.
In the winter the young Lord ------------- in Monte Carlo. And he ----------- his summer holidays in the West Indies.
B) Write sentences from these words: Put the verbs in the right form (arrive or arrives?). Be careful with
frequency adverbs.
1. always / early / Sue / arrive
2. basketball / I / play / often
3. work / Margaret / hard / usually
4. Jenny / always / nice /wear / clothes
5. dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30
6. like / chocolate / children / usually
7. Julia / parties / enjoy / always
C) Write questions: Use the words in brackets + DO /DOES. Put the words in the right order.
1. where / live / your parents ?
2. you / early / always / get up?
3. how often / TV / you / watch ?
4. you / want / what / for dinner?
5. like / you / football?
6. your brother / like / football?
7. what / you / do / in the evening?
8. your sister / work / where ?
9. to the cinema / often / you / go?
10. go / usually / to bed / what time / you ?

22
D) Choose the right answer: Simple present or present continuous?
1) Listen! Someone ------------------- the violin. Can you hear it?
a) plays b) is playing
2) Helen is a musician. She ------------- the violin in an orchestra.
a) plays b) is playing
3) He ------------- very hard now. His exams are very next.
a) works b) is working
4) Can I phone you back? ---------------- dinner at the moment.
a) have b) am having
5) Kim---------------in a bank. She has worked there for 20 years.
a) works b) is working
6) Where is John? --------------- the dinner?
a) does he cook b) is he cooking
7) Look! We can’t play tennis. It -------------
a) rains b) is raining
8) Bob ----------------- meat. He is a vegetarian.
a) doesn’t eat b) isn’t eat.
E) Simple present or present continuous?
• You can’t see Tom now. He (have)-------------- a bath.
• He usually (speak)---------------- so quickly that I (not understand) ----------him.
• How ( you usually do) ------------------- to work.
• He (work) ------------------- at preset in an office.
• The baby (cry) ------------------- Give him some food.
• What (he do)---------------------. He (repair)------------- his bicycle.
• What ( he do) ----------------------. He is a pilot.
• Stella (usually stay)------------- in a hotel when she (come)-------------to London, but this week she (stay)
----------------- with us.
• What (your wife do) ------------------? She is a nurse but she (not work)-------------- at the moment.
• Look! The train (come)-----------------------
F) Choose the correct verb forms:
• Stan have/has breakfast at half past seven.
• Karen does not have/ has breakfast.
• How does Karen go/goes to work?
• Stan go/goes to work by bus.
• My father work / works in Cardiff
• He does not like / likes travelling
• He get up / gets up at six o’clock everyday.
• My parents live /lives in a big house.
• What does your father do/does?

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 • Stan and Karen live /lives in Oxford.

PASADO

PASADO DEL VERBO TO BE

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I WAS I WAS NOT (WASN’T) WAS I?
I WERE I WERE NOT (WEREN’T) WERE I?
HE WAS HE WAS NOT (WASN’T) WAS HE?
SHE WAS SHE WAS NOT (WASN’T) WAS SHE?
IT WAS IT WAS NOT (WASN’T) WAS IT?
WE WERE WE WERE NOT (WEREN’T) WERE WE?
YOU WERE YOU WERE NOT (WEREN’T) WERE YOU?
THEY WERE THEY WERE NOT (WEREN’T) WERE THEY?

* Aparece con expresiones de tiempo como YESTERDAY,LAST WEEK,LAST MONTH, LAST YEAR.
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO TO BE + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: I was in England last month.
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO TO BE + NOT + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: I was not in Germany last month.
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
VERBO TO BE + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Were you in Japan last month?

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EJERCICIOS

A) Complete the following sentences with AM / IS/ ARE/ WAS / WERE

1. Last year she --------- 22, so she --------- now.
2. Today the weather --------- nice, but yesterday it --------- very cold.
3. I ----------- hungry. Can I have a sandwich?
4. I feel fine this morning but I ------------ very tired last night.
5. Where --------- you at 11o’clock last Friday morning?
6. Don’t buy those shoes. They -------- very expensive.
7. This time last year I ---------- in Paris.
8. Where --------- the children? I don’t know. They ---------- in the garden ten minutes ago.
B) Write questions: Use the words in brackets in the correct order + was and were.
1. late / you / this morning/ why? The traffic was bad.
2. difficult / your exam? No, it was easy.
3. last week / where / Ann and Chris? They were on holiday.
4. your new camera / how much? 60$
5. angry / you / yesterday / why? Because you were late.
6. nice / the weather / last week? Yes, it was beautiful.
PASADO SIMPLE:
Se utiliza para expresar acciones puntuales en el pasado.
Aparece con expresiones como YESTERDAY, LAST WEEK...
Necesitamos el verbo auxiliar DID para las oraciones negativas e interrogativas.
Existen dos tipos de verbos en inglés: Verbos regulares y verbos irregulares. Los verbos regulares forman el pasado
añadiendo ED al infinitivo. Los verbos irregulares tienen una forma especial para el pasado (2ª columna de los
verbos irregulares).
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + VERBO PASADO + COMPLEMENTOS.
Ej: I played tennis last Saturday.
I went to the cinema last Sunday.
* Las oraciones afirmativas son las únicas que llevan el verbo en pasado, ya que no utilizamos verbo auxiliar.
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + DID NOT ( DIDN’T) + VB INFINITIVO + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: I didn’t play tennis last Saturday.
I didn’t go to the cinema last Sunday.
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
DID + SUJETO + VB INFINITIVO + COMPLEMENTOS?

25
Ej: Did you play tennis last Saturday?
Did you go to the cinema last Sunday?

EJERCICIOS

A) Complete the sentences: Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
Clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want
1 ) I ----------------- my teeth three times yesterday.
2) It was hot in the room, so I ------------- the window.
3) The concert ------------ at 7.30 and -------------- at 10 o’clock.
4) When I was a child I -------------- to be a doctor.
5) The accident ---------------- last Sunday afternoon.
6) It’s a nice day today but yesterday it ------------- all day.
7) We ------------ our holiday last year. We ----------- at a very nice place.
8) Ann’s grandfather ------------ when he was 90 years old.
B) Write B’s questions: Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
Arrive cost go go to bed late have a nice time stay win
1) A) We went to New York last month.
B) Where -------------------------------------?
A) With some friends.
2) A) I was late this morning.
B) What time ---------------------------------?
A) Half past nine.
3) A) I played tennis this afternoon.
B) --------------------------------------------?
A) No, I lost.
4) A) I had a nice holiday.
B) Good. Where---------------------------------?
A) To the mountains.
5 A) We came home by taxi.
B) How much -------------------------------------?
A) 10$
6) A) I’m tired this morning.
B) -----------------------------------------------------?
A) No, but I didn’t sleep well.
7) A) We went to the beach yesterday.
B) ----------------------------------------------------------?
A) Yes, it was great.

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PASADO CONTINUO:

• Se forma con el pasado del verbo TO BE + Verbo principal con ing.

• Se utiliza para expresar acciones que se han desarrollado durante un periodo largo de tiempo en el pasado.
• Suele combinarse con el pasado simple dentro de la misma oración, la acción del verbo que va en pasado
continuo es la que estaba teniendo lugar cuando se ve interrumpida por una segunda acción en
pasado simple.
Ej: I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
Past continuous Past simple
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + WAS/WERE + VB ING + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: I was having a bath when my father came in.
(Estaba bañándome cuando mi padre entró)
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + WASN’T / WEREN’T + VB ING + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: I wasn’t driving very fast when the accident happened.
(No estaba conduciendo muy rápido cuando ocurrió el accidente)
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
WAS / WERE + SUJETO + VB ING + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Were you studying when I knocked on the door?
(¿Estabas estudiando cuando llamé a la puerta?)

EJERCICIOS

A) Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple:

1) A) What (you do) --------------- when the phone (ring)----------------?
B) I (watch) ------------------- TV.
2) A) Was Jane busy when you went to see her?
B) Yes, she (study) -------------------
3) A) What time (the post arrive)------------------------- this morning?
B) It (come)--------------------while I (have)-----------------breakfast.
4) A) How fast ( you drive)---------------------when the police (stop)-------------
------------- you?
B) I don’t know exactly but I ( not drive )---------------- very fast.
5) A) (you see) ----------------- Jenny last night?
B)Yes, she (wear) ---------------- a very nice jacket.

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B) Write complete sentences, one of the verb in past simple, the other one in past continuous.
1. I / walk /home / when / it / start / to rain
2. Cora / read / a letter/ when / Jimmy / phone / her
3. Andy / come out / of the restaurant / when / he / see / Jenny
4. Cathy / phone / the post office / when the parcel / arrive
5. When Don / arrive / we / have / coffee
6. While he / walk / in the mountains / Henry / see / a bear
7. The students / play / a game / when / the professor / arrive
8. I / walk / to the park / when it / start / to snow

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COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD:
TAN …………………………………. COMO
AS + ADJETIVO + AS
Ej: Peter is as tall as Paul. (Peter es tan alto como Paul)

* Siempre que la segunda parte de la comparación sea un pronombre, este debe aparecer en la forma de pronombre
objeto.
Ej: Sarah is as thin as him.
COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD:
MÁS ………………………….QUE
- Adjetivos de dos sílabas o menos.

ADJETIVO + ER + THAN
Ej: John is taller than Paul (John es más alto que Paul)
- Adjetivos de más de dos sílabas.
MORE + ADJETIVO + THAN
Ej: Susan is more intelligent than Mary. (Susan es más inteligente que Mary)
SUPERLATIVO:
EL MÁS / LA MÁS……………………….
- Adjetivos de dos sílabas o menos.
THE ADJETIVO + EST
Ej: He is the tallest boy (El niño más alto)
* Si queremos indicar en que lugar es el que destaca ese adjetivo al que estamos refiriéndonos en grado superlativo
utilizaremos la preposición IN THE, si es una expresión de tiempo utilizaremos OF THE.
Ej. Susan is the thinnest girl in the school.
This is the happiest day of my life.
- Adjetivos de más de dos sílabas:
THE MOST + ADJETIVO
Ej: Peter is the most intelligent student in the classroom.
Today is the most important day of the year.

ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES
Good Better The Best
Bad Worse The Worst

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Far Farther/ Further The Farthest/ the furthest

EJERCICIOS

A) Put the following adjectives in the comparative or superlative form:

1. The weather today is (warm ) ---------------- than yesterday.
2. John’s car was ( expensive) ----------------- than my car.
3. Sarah is the (pretty) -------------- girl I have ever met.
4. These exercises are (difficult)---------------- than some of the others.
5. This book is (good) ------------------ than the last one we used.
6. Kate is the (careful) ---------------- student in the class.
7. Bill is (intelligent) ------------------ than Joe.
8. My house is (bad) ----------------- than his.
9. John’s car is (comfortable)------------ in town.
10. Jeff is (unpleasant) ------------------- than my brother.
B) Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
Follow the example.
1) Apples are more expensive than pears.
Pears are cheaper than apples.
2) His car isn’t as good as mine.
My car is
3) Katie sings better than Jane.
Jane sings
4) Jill is 25 years old. Gary is 23.
Jill is
5) My camera cost 100$. Your camera cost 96$.
My camera is
6) Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was 10.
It’s
7) The film is 3 hours but the video tape is only 2 hours.
The film is
8) The water colour is 85$ and the oil painting is 100$.
The oil painting is
9)The church was built in 1878 and the library is 1925.
The church is
10) Tim is 1.6 metres tall but Wendy is 1.7 metres.
Wendy is

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PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSICIONES DE TIEMPO:

IN:
• Con partes del día: In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
• Con meses: In January, in February……
• Con las estaciones del año: In winter, in spring….
• Con años: In 1987
• Con siglos: In the 18th century
ON:
• Con los días de la semana: On Monday, on Tuesday…..
• Con fechas: On 2nd of May
• Con días y partes del día: On Wednesday afternoon.
• On holidays.
AT:
• Con las horas: At 7 o’clock
• At Christmas, at Easter
• At night
• At the weekend
• At the beginning, at the end.

EJERCICIOS

A) Complete the following sentences with IN; ON; AT

1. We watch TV ---------the evening.
2. I only see my parents -------- Christmas.
3. I get up -------- 8 o’clock and go to bed --------- midnight.
4. I finish work early --------- Friday.
5. We go to Paris --------- autumn.
6. ------- the morning she goes to work by bus.
7. -------- Sundays there are two flights from London to Madrid. They are ------- 7.45 ------- the morning and --------
20.30 ------ the evening.
8. What do you do -------- the weekends?

31
 9. My grandfather was born -------- the 19th century.

OTRAS PREPOSICIONES DE TIEMPO:

BEFORE: ANTES
AFTER: DESPUES
UNTIL: HASTA
DURING: DURANTE ( DURING + SUSTANTIVOS: Se utiliza con expresiones que respondan a la pregunta WHEN?.
Ej: During the summer, during November
FOR: DURANTE ( DURING + NÚMEROS + PERIODOS DE TIEMPO: Se utiliza con expresiones que respondan a la
pregunta HOW LONG?.
Ej: For six months, for five minutes.
SINCE: DESDE
FROM …………….. TO: DESDE ……………. HASTA: Se utiliza tanto como preposición de tiempo como de lugar.
Ej: I lived in London from 1987 to 1989.
There is one train from Madrid to Valencia at 7 o’clock.

PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR:

IN: EN / DENTRO DE: Con lugares cerrados

Ej: My coat is in the wardrobe
AT: EN : Se utiliza para espacios abiertos, como referencia geográfica
Ej: There are new traffic lights at the crossroads.
ON: EN / ENCIMA (Tocando la superficie)
Ej: There are pictures on the wall.

EJERCICIOS

A) Now fill in the gaps with IN; ON; AT

1. Have you got an electric blanket ----------- your bed? I’ve only got a hot-water bottle --------- mine.
2. In summer, there are always flies -------- the kitchen ceiling.
3. She spent the day sunbathing -------- the swimming pool.
4. Scott found s Norwegian flag ----------- the South Pole.
5. There are thousands of fish --------- the lake.
6. There’s a policeman standing -------- the corner.
7. You have to get off ---------- the next stop.

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 8. The coffeepot is --------- the table.
9. There aren’t enough chairs -------- the dining room.
10. There are pleasure steamers ---------- the lake.

OTRAS PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR:

NEXT TO: AL LADO DE

CLOSE TO: JUNTO A
NEAR: CERCA DE
FAR (AWAY FROM): LEJOS DE
BEHIND: DETRÁS
IN FRONT OF: DELANTE DE
OPPOSITE: ENFRENTE DE
OVER: ENCIMA DE ( Sin tocar la superficie)
UNDER: DEBAJO DE
INSIDE: DENTRO DE
OUTSIDE: FUERA DE
BETWEEN: ENTRE
AT HOME: EN CASA. Ej: I don’t go out, I stay at home.
IN BED: EN LA CAMA
GO HOME, GET HOME, COME HOME, REACH HOME,ARRIVE HOME (Observa que no utilizamos preposiciones con
la palabra HOME acompañada de verbos de movimiento).
ARRIVE:
ARRIVE IN : Llegar a paises, ciudades....Ej: I arrived in London.
ARRIVE AT: LLegar a espacios cerrados: estaciones, museos, Aeropuertos....
Ej: I arrived at the airport

EXPRESIÓN DE CANTIDAD:

SOME: Algún, alguna, algunos, algunas.

Se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas.
Acompaña a nombres incontables (singular) y nombres contables en plural.
Ej: There is some water in the fridge
There are some new students in the school.
ANY: Algún/a/os/as, ningún /a/os/as.

33
Se utiliza en oraciones negativas e interrogativas.
Acompaña a nombres incontables (singular) y nombres contables (plural)
Ej: There isn’t any apple juice in the cupboard.
Have you got any friends?
SOME en oraciones interrogativas:
Aunque he indicado anteriormente que utilizamos ANY en oraciones interrogativas, existen algunas excepciones en las
que utilizamos SOME para hacer preguntas:
• Cuando estamos ofreciendo algo:
Ej: Would you like some coffee?
• Cuando pedimos algo:
Ej: Can I have some water, please?

EJERCICIOS:

A) Put in SOME or ANY:

1. I bought ---------- cheese but I didn’t buy --------- bread.
2. I’m going to the post office. I need ----------- stamps.
3. There aren’t ----------- shops in this part of town.
4. George and Alice haven’t got ------------ children.
5. Have you got ---------- brothers of sisters?
6. There are ------------ beautiful flowers in the garden.
7. Would you like -----------tea? Yes, please.
8. Don’t buy------------- rice. We don’t need ---------
9. I went out to buy -------- milk but they didn’t have --------- in the shop.
10. I’m thirsty. Can I have ------------- water, please?

MUCH: MUCHO: NOMBRES INCONTABLES

( No se utiliza habitualmente en oraciones afirmativas)
Ej: I haven’t got much money.
MANY: MUCHO: NOMBRES CONTABLES.
(Se utiliza en todo tipo de oraciones)
Ej: I have got many books.
TOO MUCH / TOO MANY: DEMASIADO
HOW MUCH / HOW MANY? ¿CUÁNTOS?
A LOT OF: MUCHO: CONTABLES E INCONTABLES:
( Se utiliza en todo tipo de oraciones)
LITTLE: POCO: NOMBRES INCONTABLES.
A LITTLE: ALGO, POCO PERO SUFICIENTE.

34
FEW: POCO: NOMBRES CONTABLES.
A FEW: ALGO, POCO PERO SUFICIENTE.

EJERCICIOS

A) Put MUCH or MANY in the spaces:

1. There is some food, but not --------- drink.
2. There wasn’t ------------- rain last month.
3. Does the teacher speak ---------- languages?
4. I don’t put ----------- sugar in my tea.
5. A poor woman can’t buy ---------- dresses.
6. That old man hasn’t got ------------ hair.
7. I can’t see ------------- birds on the trees.
8. My mother didn’t buy --------- eggs.
9. There isn’t --------- milk in this bottle.
10. Did you learn --------- English words last year?
B) Put A LITTLE or A FEW in the spaces:
1. Could you possible lend me ----------- potatoes until tomorrow?
2. Have you got --------------- minutes? I’d like to talk to you.
3. I need ----------- money. Can you help me?
4. I’m going to France for ----------- days next week.
5. ----------- people arrived before the party started, but not many.
6. We only have ------------- petrol left.
7. Can I ask you ------------ questions?
8. The bank only lent me -------------- money.
9. Only ----------- students are going to fail the exam.
10. I always put ------------- milk in my tea.

35
VERB TENSES:

PRESENT PERFECT:
• Se forma con el verbo TO HAVE (que funciona como verbo auxiliar) + el participio de pasado del verbo principal.
( Recuerda que hay dos tipos de verbos en inglés: verbos regulares, que forman el participio añadiendo –ed al
infinitivo, y verbos irregulares, en este caso el participio de pasado es la tercera columna de la lista de verbos.
• Se utiliza para expresar acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente, o si bien la acción ya
ha acabado, el resultado de la misma lo vemos en el presente.
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPIO PASADO VB + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: I work in a bank. I have worked there for 10 years.
(Trabajo en un banco. He trabajado allí durante 10 años)
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + HAVEN’T / HASN’T + PART. PASADO VB + COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: She is reading a book. She hasn’t finished it yet.
(Ella está leyendo un libro. No lo ha terminado todavía)
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
HAVE / HAS + SUJETO + PART. PASADO VB + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Have you ever been to London?
(¿Has estado alguna vez en Londres?)
Suele aparecer con expresiones de tiempo como SINCE, FOR ( En respuesta a preguntas con HOW LONG?)
Ej: I have worked here since 1976
How long have you met him? I have met him for several years.
Otras expresiones de tiempo que aparecen con el PRESENT PERFECT:
JUST: ACABO DE
Se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas y va colocado delante del verbo principal.
Ej: Have you seen Paul? He has just arrived (¿Has visto a Paul? Acaba de llegar.
ALREADY: YA
Se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas y va colocado delante del verbo principal:
Ej: Would you like to see Titanic? I’m sorry, I’ve already seen it.
(¿Te gustaría ver Titanic? Lo siento, ya la he visto)
YET: TODAVIA NO
Se utiliza en oraciones negativas, y va colocado al final de la oración:
Ej: Have you read the book? No, I’m sorry, I haven’t started it yet.

36
(¿Has leído el libro? No, lo siento, no lo he empezado todavía.
EVER: ¿ALGUNA VEZ?
Se utiliza en oraciones interrogativas, va colocado delante del verbo principal:
Ej: Have you ever tried Japanese food? No, not yet.
(¿ Has probado alguna vez la comida japonesa? No, todavía no.
SOMEBODY/ SOMEONE ( ALGUIEN) y SOMETHING (ALGUNA COSA) son 3ª persona del
singular, tienen que ir por tanto seguidos de HAS.

EJERCICIOS:

A) Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the present perfect ( have / has + the past participle of
the verb)
Break buy finish do go go lose paint read take
1. Are they still having dinner? No, they ----------------------
2. I ------------------- some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
3. Is Tom here? No, he ----------------------- to work.
4. ---------- you ------------- the shopping? No, I’m going to do it later.
5. Where is your key? I don’t know. I --------------------- it.
6. Look! Somebody ------------------ the window.
7. Your house looks different. ------------ you ----------------- it?
8. I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody ------------------------ it.
9. I’m looking for Sarah. Where ------------ she -------------?
10. Do you want the newspaper? No, thanks, I ------------------- it.

B) Complete the exercise with FOR or SINCE:

1. She has been in London ------------ Monday.
2. She has been in London ------------ 4 days.
3. Mike has been ill --------------- a long time. He has been in hospital ------------ October.
4. My aunt has lived in Australia ------------ 15 years.
5. Nobody lives in that house. It has been empty ----------- years.
6. Mrs Harris is in her office. She has been there ----------- 7 o’clock.
7. India has been an independent country -------------- 1947.
8. The bus is late. We have been waiting ------------- 20 minutes.

37
C) Present perfect or simple past? Pay special attention to expressions of time, such as yesterday, ever… they
will give you the clue to know the tense you have to use.
1) My friend is a writer. He (write)--------------------------- many books.
2) We (not have) ------------------------ a holiday last year.
3) I (play)------------------------- tennis yesterday afternoon.
4) What time ( you go)----------------- to bed last night?
5) (you ever meet) ----------------------------a famous person?
6) The weather ( not be)---------------------very good yesterday.
7) My hair is wet. I ( just wash) ------------------------------- it.
8) I (wash)--------------- my hair before breakfast his morning.
9) Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) ---------------- many countries.
10) Is Sonia here? No, she ( not come )------------------ yet.
11) (you ever be) --------------------- to Florida? Yes, we ( go)--------------------- There on holiday two years ago.
12) Where is Alan? (you see him) -----------------------?Yes, he ( go)------------ out a few minutes ago.

PAST PERFECT:

Se forma con HAD (para todas las personas) + el participio de pasado

del verbo principal (recuerda los verbos regulares e irregulares)
Se utiliza para expresar acciones pasadas que terminaron antes de que
otra acción pasada empezara. Suele combinarse por tanto con el pasado
simple, encontraremos entonces dos acciones:
1ª: Acción terminada: Past Perfect
2ª: Acción que empezó cuando ya había acabado la anterior: S. Past
Ej: The concert had started when we arrived at the theatre.
Past Perfect Simple Past
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + HAD + PARTICIPIO PASADO VB + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: I arrived at the airport when the plane had taken off.
(Llegué al aeropuerto cuando el avión había despegado)
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + HADN’T + PARTICIPIO PASADO VB + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: The shop hadn’t closed when I arrived.
( La tienda no había cerrado cuando llegué).
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
HAD + SUJETO + PARTICIPIO PASADO VB + COMPLEMENTOS?

38
Ej: Had you finished the book when you gave it back?
(¿Habías acabado el libro cuando lo devolviste?)

EJERCICIOS

A) Complete these sentences putting one verb into the past perfect and the other one into the simple past:
1. When the police (arrive)---------------the car (go)-------------
2. When I (get)------------to the shop it (close)--------------------
3. They (eat) --------------------everything when I (arrive)--------at the party.
4. I (try)--------------- telephoning her several times but she (leave)-----------the country.
5. When I (find)---------------- my purse someone (take)------------- the money out of it.
6. The car (go)---------------- when I (look)---------------into the street.
B) Present perfect or past perfect?
It isn’t raining now. It (stop)----------------------
We had no car at that time. We (sell) ------------------our old one.
The square looked awful. People (leave)----------------litter everywhere.
You can have that newspaper. I (finish)-----------------with it.
There’s no more cheese. We (eat)------------------ it all.
There was no sign of a taxi although I (order)-----------------one half an hour before.
This bill isn’t right. They (make)----------------a mistake.
I spoke to Melanie at lunch time. Someone (tell)----------------her the news earlier.
I was really tired last night. I (have)------------------a hard day.
It’ll get warmer in here. I (turn)-----------------the heating on.

FUTURE

Hay dos tipos de futuro en inglés:

1) Futuro con WILL (que funciona como auxiliar, y se utiliza en o. afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas)
- Se utiliza cuando el sujeto no tiene control sobre el futuro.
- Para expresar decisiones tomadas en el momento.
- A través de este futuro expresamos imprevistos, predicciones, lo que el
sujeto cree que ocurrirá.
- Aparece con expresiones de tiempo como TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK,
NEXT MONTH, NEXT YEAR.
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS:
SUJETO + WILL + VB (INFINITIVO) + COMPLEMENTOS:

39
Ej: It will rain tomorrow . ( Lloverá mañana)
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + WILL NOT (WON’T) + VB (INFINIT)+COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: It will not rain tomorrow. ( No lloverá mañana)
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
WILL + SUJETO + VB(INFINITIVO) + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Will it rain tomorrow? ( ¿Lloverá mañana?)

Futuro con TO BE GOING TO

(el verbo To be es el que funciona como auxiliar, y es por tanto el que vamos a conjugar, se utiliza en o. afirmativas,
negativas e interrogativas)
Utilizamos este tipo de futuro cuando el sujeto tiene control absoluto sobre la acción.
Es un futuro planeado de antemano, y para que esa acción se lleve o no a cabo, el sujeto ha tomado las medidas
oportunas.
Expresamos con este futuro intenciones y decisiones.
Predicciones basadas en hechos presentes.
ESTRUCTURAS:
O. AFIRMATIVAS.
SUJETO + TO BE + GOING TO + VB (INFINITIVO) + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: (I have this blue velvet) I am going to make a new dress.
(Tengo este terciopelo azul) Voy a hacerme un vestido Nuevo.
O. NEGATIVAS:
SUJETO + TO BE NOT + GOING TO + VB (INFINIT) + COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: I am not going to make a new dress.
O. INTERROGATIVAS:
TO BE + SUJETO + GOING TO + VB (INFINIT) + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Are you going to make a new dress?
Compare these situations and read what I would say in each case: Use will / going to:
“You make your friend a cup of sweet coffee, then she tells you she doesn’t take sugar”. Offer to make her another one.
I’ll make you another cup of coffee ( Decisión tomada en el momento, es por eso que utilizamos futuro con WILL)
“ A colleague asks you why you have brought your sports kit to the
office. “ Explain that you have arranged to play tennis after work.
I am going to play tennis after work ( Decisión tomada de antemano, por
eso traes el equipo a la oficina, futuro con TO BE GOING TO)

40
EJERCICIOS

A) Fill in the blanks with Will Future or To be going to:

1) I haven’t got any money.
Well, don’t worry (I /lend)------------ -------------you some.
2) Why are you filling that bucket with water?
(I / wash) ------------------------------------ the car.
3) The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe.
No, it looks as if ( it / fall ) ---------------------------- down.
4) I have a headache.
Wait there and (I / get) ---------------------- an aspirin.
5) You have a ticket for the play.
Yes, ( I / see) ------------------------- it on Friday.
6) The phone is ringing.
OK, ( I / answer) ----------------------- it.
7) Did you buy this book?
No, Nancy did it. (She / read) -----------------------it on holiday.
8) Tea of coffee?
(I /have) ------------------------- coffee, please.
9) I have decided to repaint this room.
What colour (you / paint) --------------------------it ?
10) I don’t know how to use this camera.
It’s quite easy. ( I /show) ------------------------you.
B) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: You have to use all tenses learned until now (simple
present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect and future)
1)Stella usually (stay) in a hotel when she (come) to London, but today she (stay) with us.
2)My grandfather (die) many years (for/ago/since) when I (be) a little girl.
3) Yesterday when I (walk) down Regent Street I (bump) into a strange looking man.
4)I usually (do) my homework on Saturday, but I (do) my homework today because next Saturday we (go) out.
5)Why is he putting the camera on a tripod? He (take) a group photo.
6) I (live) there (for/since) several months and then I went abroad.
7) Look! The train (come) . Hurry up! I (not want) to miss it.
8) When Paul finished his exam, he (realize) he (make) important mistakes.
9)What (your wife do)? She is a teacher, but she (not work) at the moment.
10)The children (finish) their dinner an hour ago and their mother (wash up) now.
11) As I (walk) home yesterday I (meet) a foreigner who (ask) me the way to the station.
12) He (work) at present in an office.

41
13)He (start) work last Christmas.
14) I (not see) the author of that book (for/since/ago) we (meet) in New York two years ago.
15) When he arrived, the concert(already/just/yet) (begin) and he (not allow) to go in. He (be) very disappointed to learn
he (miss) his favourite piece.
16)When he was a diplomat he (visit) many countries.
17)Mr Byrne (go) to Spain last year and I (not see) him (for/since/ago) then.
18)When I was at school I (speak) four languages.
19) When we (get) to the airport, Jack (discover) to his horror that he (leave) his passport behind.
20)Jane (not drink) tea very often.
21) I (work) here (for/since) seven years, but it’s time to leave now.
22)Look out! We (crash).
23)(You go out) yesterday?
24) What time ( the banks close) in England?
25)I have some blue velvet and I (make) some curtains for this room.
I have a car but I (not use) it very often.

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ORACIONES DE RELATIVO. (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS:

WHO: Antecedente de personas

WHICH: Antecedente de cosas o animales
WHERE: Antecedente de lugar
WHOSE: Cuyo
* El antecedente y el pronombre relativo deben ir unidos.
Existen dos tipos de oraciones de relativo en inglés:

1) DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:

La información aportada en la oración de relativo es imprescindible para que la oración tenga sentido.
La oración “She is the woman” no tiene sentido completo si no le añadimos más información.
She is the woman who lives next door.
Una vez que hemos añadido información al antecedente (woman) la oración tiene sentido completo.

- En las defininig relative clauses podemos sustituir el pronombre relativo por THAT, independientemente de que el
antecedente sea de persona o de cosa.

2)NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:

La información aportada en la oración de relativo no es imprescindible para la oración. Es información extra.
En la oración “My brother studies in London” tiene sentido completo, no sería necesario añadir ninguna información
para poder comprender la oración.
My brother, who is very tall, studies in London.
Nunca podemos sustituir el pronombre relativo por THAT.
Las non defining relative clauses siempre van entre comas.

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EJERCICIOS

A) Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun:

1. Here is the medicine -------------- makes you good.
2. The old man in a wheel chair,------------------ is talking to the hospital matron, was once a great surgeon.
3. The gate ------------ you came through must be kept shut.
4. The American ambassador, ------------ you were speaking to a moment ago, will be returning home soon.
5. What is the name of the man -------------- car you borrowed?
6. A cemetery is a place ------------ people is buried.
7. A pacifist is a person -------------- believes that all wars are wrong.
8. This school is only for children ------------ first language is not English.
9. She is the girl -------------- rang yesterday.
10. John is the boy ---------- father is a teacher.
11. Yes, that is the man --------- took my bag.
12. I want to talk to the students----------- names I call out.
13. That man is the one --------- bought the house.
14. You always ask questions----------- are very difficult to answer.
15. Why does he always wear clothes ------------ are too small for him?
B) Give some additional information with a relative pronoun in the following sentences:
Wimbledon, --------------------------------------, is in South London.
He is hoping to be chosen for the next Olympic Games,-----------------------------
The prime minister, ------------------------------------------, will face an election soon.
Every schoolchild has heard of Columbus,----------------------------------
Mount Everest, -----------------------------------------, is the highest mountain in the world.

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PASSIVE VOICE. (VOZ PASIVA)

En una oración activa en español encontramos los siguientes elementos:

My father builds houses
Sujeto Verbo C. Directo

En la oración pasiva:
El Complemento directo de la oración activa pasa a ser sujeto paciente.
El sujeto de la o. activa pasa a ser complemento agente (introducido por BY).
El verbo pasivo lo formamos con:
El verbo To be en el mismo tiempo que el verbo principal de la oración activa + el participio de pasado del verbo
principal.
Houses are built by my father.
Sujeto Paciente Vb pasivo C. Agente
A continuación te presento cómo cambiar los tiempos verbales de activa a pasiva:

TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Simple present eat /eats is /are eaten
Present Continuous is /are eating is / are being eaten
Simple past ate was / were eaten
Past continuous was / were eating was / were being eaten
Present perfect has / have eaten has / have been eaten
Past perfect had eaten had been eaten
Future will eat will be eaten
Conditional would eat would be eaten

EJERCICIOS

A) Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

• They have arrested the thief.
• An unemployed labourer was repairing my roof.
• The prime minister is making a speech.
• A greengrocer sells potatoes.
• My landlady does my washing up.
• They closed the shop at one o’clock.

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 • A policeman is using the telephone.
• A fourteen year old was driving the car.
• They had decorated the house.
• Teenagers buy a lot of pop records.
• Architects design buildings.
• A hat shades his eyes.
• They have made mistakes.
• They recorded the broadcast speech.
• Some of the workers have organized an unofficial strike.
• Some authors will judge the literary competition.
• We are preparing the room.
• A journalist is reading the letter.
• Horses pull carts.
• They were drinking coffee.
B) Complete the sentences using words from each line: Use passive voice
Build Paint Design Write Name Invent Discover
Eric the Red Marconi The Ancient Egyptians Picasso Eiffel George Orwell Erick & Watson
1. Greenland
2. Animal Farm
3. The Pyramids
4. The wireless
5. Guernica
6. The Statue of Liberty
7. The structure of DNA

46
REPORTED SPEECH. (ESTILO INDIRECTO)

El estilo indirecto consiste en decir las palabras que otra persona ha dicho antes, para ello tendremos que empezar
todas las oraciones en estilo indirecto con las frases “HE SAID TO ME o HE TOLD ME” (Él me dijo o él me contó).
Tendremos que cambiar los sujetos que aparezcan en las oraciones, de 1ª persona de singular a 3ª persona de
singular y de 1ª persona de plural a 3ª de plural, así mismo hay que cambiar también todos los adjetivos y pronombres
posesivos que aparezcan en las oraciones.
Por último todos los tiempos verbales (conjugados, no se cambian los verbos que estén en infinitivo o gerundio) que
aparecen en la oración deben retrasarse un tiempo.
A continuación te presento una lista con los cambios de tiempo:

TENSES - DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Simple present : I work Simple past: He said he worked
Present Continuous: I am working Past continuous: He said he was working
Simple past: I worked Past Perfect: He said he had worked
Present perfect: I have worked Past Perfect: He said he had worked
Future: I will work Conditional: He said he would work
Modal verbs: I can work Conditional: He said he could work

Como habrás comprobado hemos retrasado los tiempos, de esta manera tenemos también que cambiar todas las
expresiones de tiempo y de lugar que aparecen en la oración.

TIME AND PLACE CHANGES:

Here There
This That
These Those
Now Then
Yesterday The day before, the previous day
Today That day
Tomorrow The following day, the day after
Last week, month… The week before, the month before….
Next week, month… The following week, the week after…

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2 days ago 2 days before

EJERCICIOS

A) Change the following sentences into reported speech:

1. I need help desperately, he said.
2. I don’t need your help today but I will be busy tomorrow, said Peter.
3. My car has been stolen, he said, I will have to ask you a few questions.
4. I can’t live on my basic salary, said Peter, I will have to offer to do overtime.
5. My young brother wants to be a tax inspector, said Mary, I can’t think why, none of my family has ever been a
tax inspector.
B) Last week you had lunch with Rachel, a friend you hadn’t seen for a long time. Look at the things she said to
you, then tell another friend what she said. Use reported speech.
1. I’m going to work in Spain next year.
2. I work for a small publishing company.
3. I’m their marketing manager.
4. The company has opened an office in Barcelona.
5. It’s been very successful.
6. I’ve been chosen to run a new office in Madrid.
7. I’m studying Spanish in the evenings.
8. I don’t have much time to enjoy myself.
9. I haven’t had lunch with friends for ages.
10. I hope my friends will come and visit me in Madrid.
11. I went there last week with my secretary.
12. We didn’t have much time for sightseeing.
13. I have to get back to work now.
Rachel said……

QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH:

Ya sabes que hay dos maneras de hacer preguntas en inglés:

• Preguntas con verbo auxiliar: Do you live in Madrid?
• Preguntas con partícula interrogativa: Where do you live?
Debes recordar que una pregunta en estilo directo se convierte en una oración afirmativa una vez que la pasamos
a estilo indirecto, por tanto seguirá la estructura de las oraciones afirmativas que ya conocemos (SUJ + VB
+ COMPLEMENTOS)

48
Los verbos introductorios con los que ahora vamos a empezar las preguntas en estilo indirecto son “ HE ASKED ME o
HE WANTED TO KNOW”.
Dado que hay dos tipos de preguntas en inglés, hay dos maneras de pasarlas a estilo indirecto.
1.- Preguntas con auxiliar:
He asked me IF I lived in Madrid.
En las preguntas con auxiliar, después del verbo auxiliar utilizamos la expresión condicional IF, como te he dicho
anteriormente pasa a ser una oración afirmativa, así añadimos el SUJETO + VERBO (comprueba que hemos retrasado
los tiempos según la lista que te presenté anteriormente) + COMPLEMENTOS.
2.- Preguntas con partícula interrogativa:
He asked me WHERE I lived.
En las preguntas con partícula interrogativa, después del verbo introductoria añadimos la partícula interrogativa
correspondiente para después añadir el sujeto y el verbo en el tiempo correspondiente.

EJERCICIOS

A) Put the following questions into the reported speech:

1. Who has been using my typewriter? My mother asked
2. Do you want to see the cathedral? The guide asked
3. Did you sleep well? My hostess asked
4. Have you been here long? The other students asked him
5. How long have you been learning English? Paul asked.
6. Where are you going for your summer holidays? I asked
7. Do you grow your own vegetables? My friend asked.
8. How many sleeping pills have you taken? The night sister asked.

ORDERS IN REPORTED SPEECH:

Para dar órdenes en ingles utilizamos el imperativo. El imperativo es el único tiempo en inglés en el que no
necesitamos sujeto en las oraciones.
Órdenes afirmativas:
VERBO + COMPLEMENTOS
Open the door
Órdenes negativas:
DON’T + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO
Don’t close the window
Los verbos introductorios en este caso son: “HE ORDERED ME o HE TOLD ME”.
Órdenes afirmativas: He ordered me TO open the door.

49
Órdenes negativas: He ordered me NOT TO close the window.

EJERCICIOS

A) Put the following sentences into the reported speech:

1. Don’t put sticky things in your pockets! His mother ordered him
2. Don’t do anything dangerous! His wife told him
3. Get into the right lane! The driving instructor ordered her
4. Hold the ladder! He told him
5. Don’t take more than two of these! The doctor ordered me
6. Fasten your seat belts! The hostess told us
7. Don’t drive through fog with only a fog light on! She ordered him

50
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. (ORACIONES
CONDICIONALES)

Recuerda que en una oración condicional siempre hay dos partes.

En inglés hay tres tipos de oraciones condicionales:

CONDICIONALES DE TIPO 1 : PROBABLES

Hay un 100 % de posibilidades de que la condición se cumpla si se cumple una de las partes de la condición:
IF + PRESENTE / FUTURO
If you phone me I will go to the cinema.
(La parte del IF puede ir al principio o al final, pero siempre seguido de presente si se trata de una condicional de tipo
1)

CONDICIONALES DE TIPO 2: IMPROBABLES

Las posibilidades de que se cumpla la condición se reducen a un 50%.

IF + PASADO SIMPLE / WOULD + INFINITIVO
COULD + INFINITIVO
If I know your address I would visit you
I had money I could travel all over the world.

CONDICIONALES TIPO 3: IMPOSIBLES

No existe ninguna posibilidad de que se cumpla la condición, la situación ha tenido lugar en el pasado y no hay
posibilidad de cambiar el pasado.
IF + PAST PERFECT / WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you had studied more you would have passed the exam

51
EJERCICIOS

A) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses:

1. If you pass your examination we (have)--------------a celebration.
2. You would play better bridge if you (not talk)------------- so much.
3. What (happen)-------------- if I press this button?
4. If you (wear)--------------------- a false beard nobody would have recognized you.
5. If you go to Paris where (you / stay)------------------------?
6. If the milkman (come) -------------------- tell him to leave two pints.
7. Someone (sit) ------------------------on your glasses if you leave them there.
8. If you (read)--------------------- the instructions carefully you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question.
9. If you shake that bottle of port it ( not be)-------------------fit to drink.
10. If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus I (not buy)-----------------------it.
11. What (I / do)-------------------if I hear the burglar alarm?
12. I (bring)----------------------you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
13. If anyone attacked me my dog (jump) -------------------------at his throat.
14. If you had touched that electric cable you (be)----------------electrocuted.
15. You (not be)--------------------any use to me if you don’t learn to type.
B) Finish these sentences taking care to use the correct tenses, all of them are conditional sentences:
1. If the volcano starts erupting----------------
2. He would lend it to you if-------------------
3. If you had asked him his permission--------------------
4. If you tried to climb without a guide-----------------
5. If the fire had been noticed earlier----------------------
6. If you leave the gate open-----------------------------
7. If you had any sense---------------------
8. If I had had a car------------------------------
9. You will have to go to the dentist----------------
10. If Tom rings while I am out----------------------------
11. You wouldn’t have been angry----------------------
12. If you didn’t shake the camera so much the photographs-------------
13. Her life would have been saved if ----------------------
14. If you don’t put enough stamps on a letter----------------
15. If this hotel doesn’t get another cook----------------------

52
EJERCICIOS DE REPASO

Recuerda que el examen siempre se basa en un texto sobre el que tienes que contestar una serie de preguntas, a
continuación tienes varios textos con los que puedes ir practicando. Procura no copiar las respuestas directamente del
texto, intenta, siempre que sea posible, contestar con tus propias palabras.
Al final de cada texto te iré indicando que parte de la gramática debes repasar.
A) The Jackson family are on holiday in Turkey. They are staying at a big hotel in Istambul. Mark (13), his sister Fay
(12) and their parents like Turkey. It is beautiful, the weather is hot and the food is good. Today they are visiting the city
of Troy. They are getting on a bus in front of their hotel. There are 40 people on the bus. They come from Britain,
America, France, Italy and Holland.
Answer the following questions on the text using your own words: Don’t repeat the text.
1. How many people are there in the Jackson family?
2. In which Turkish city are they staying?
3. How old are the children?
4. How many people are there in the bus?
5. Where do the people on the bus come from?
Gramática que debes repasar con este texto:
Presente continuo.
Adjetivos posesivos
There is / There are
How much / How many
B) Dear Norma and Eric,
We are in Italy. We are very happy here. The weather is wonderful, so we are at the beach all the time. The hotel is very
big but it is not new. People are very nice, boys are very tall and handsome and girls are very pretty and thin..
See you soon. Love. Peter and Sarah
1) Where are Peter and Sarah?
2) Are they sad?
3) What's the weather like in Italy?
4) Describe the hotel. Is it small, is it old?
C) Bath is a very old city in England. It has a beautiful Abbey. A lot of people visit the city, and in the summer there are
always crowds so tourists in the streets. Pete and Carla are students at Bath university. Carla likes to walk in the little
back streets. It is quiet here but Pete and Carla can hear music. “Look” says Pete. ”That man is playing the flute.
Let’s
go and listen” Pete and Carla listen to the flute player. The tune is Greensleves and Carla sings it with him.
Answer the questions according to the text:
1) Are Pete and Carla:

53
 a) shopkeepers b) students c) tourists?
2) Is Bath Abby:
a) a church b) the name of a street c) the name of a café?
3) What is Greensleves?
This story takes place in Bath. Here are anagrams of four other British cities. They all begin with letter B. What
are they?
RTIBGHNO INAIHRMGBM RTIBSLO UTMBROHONEW
Writing:
You are one of the tourists in Bath. Write a postcard to someone at home.
Gramática que debes repasar con este texto:
Presente simple vs Presente Continuo.
D) I have a friend in England. His name is Ken Roberts. I know him very well. We often write to each other. My letters
are very short. It is still very hard to write in English. I received a letter from Ken yesterday. It made me very happy. He
is coming to my country for a holiday next year. We are going to see each other for the first time.
Answer these questions. Your answers must not be more than 52 words.
1. Where does your friend, Ken Roberts, live?
2. What do you both often do?
3. Are your letters short or long?
4. Is it hard for you to write in English, or is it easy?
5. What will Ken do next year?
6. Will you see each other for the first time or not?
E) Our summer holidays last 3 months. During the last week of the holidays we get ready for school. We buy pencils,
pens, paper and new books. On the first day of school we see all our friends again and we tell them about the
holidays. After that we get into class. It is so hard to keep quiet and pay attention to our teacher. He always says
with a laugh.
“You forget more in three months than you learn in a year”.
Your answers must not be more than 55 words:
1. How long do our summer holiday last?
2. When do we prepare for school?
3. Whom do we see on the first day?
4. What do we tell them?
5. Where do we go then?
6. What does our teacher always say?

54
 Gramática que debes repasar con este texto:
Repasa el presente simple.
F) It is very hot in the summer and in the evenings nobody likes staying at home. People walk in the streets or sit in the
open. We have a special summer cinema and my friends and I often go there. There are tall trees all round and it is
very cool. Sometimes the films are not very good, but we do not mind. The stars shine in a clear sky and there is
often a large bright moon. We can forget the film and enjoy a pleasant evening.
Your answers must not be more than 44 words:
1) Is it hot in the summer, or is it cold?
2) Do people like to go out in the evening, or do they like to stay at
home?
3) Where do your friends and you often go?
4) Is it warm there, or is it cool?
5) Do you sometimes see bad films or do you always see good films?
6) Do you mind about this or not?
7) Do you always enjoy a pleasant evening or not?
Gramática que debes repasar con este texto:
Repasa el presente simple y los adverbios de frecuencia que a menudo
acompañan a este tipo de presente.
G) It’s January 10th. Today Jane is seventeen years of age. She’s wearing a pretty new dress. It’s blue and white. Jane
is having a party today and she’s expecting all her friends to come. They are going to arrive in a short time. They are
going to bring many beautiful presents with them. Jane’s mother has prepared a lot of nice things to eat and drink.
The young people are going to play games, sing, dance and listen to music. They will have a wonderful time together.
Answer the following questions. Your answers must not be more than 51 words:
1. What is the date today?
2. Whose birthday is it?
3. How old is she?
4. Is Jane wearing a new dress, or is it wearing an old one?
5. Is she having a party or not?
6. When will her friends arrive?
7. What are the young people going to do at the party?
Repasa la siguiente gramática:
Presente continuo.
Futuro: Hill / To be going to
H) Mr and Mrs Simms go to the market on Saturday mornings. Mr Simms never enjoys these visits. Mrs Simms goes
shopping and he sits on a box and waits for her. This morning there was more noise than usual and everyone was in a
hurry. Mrs Simms bought some meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. An hour passed and then a man came up to Mr
Simms.

55
Excuse me, he said, is your name Simms? Your wife has finished shopping now, but the bags are very heavy. She
wants you to carry them home for her.
Your answers must not be more then 45 words:
1. Where do Mr and Mrs Simms go every Saturday morning?
2. Does Mr Simms enjoy it or not?
3. Did his wife buy many different things this morning, or did she buy only a few things?
4. How long did her husband wait?
5. What did Mrs Simms want her husband to do in the end?
Repasa la siguiente gramática:
Present simple ( Tercera persona)
Pasado simple.
I) I worked as a postman for a short time. But I am afraid of dogs and I have a lot of trouble. One day I tried to deliver a
postcard to a big house. I got off my bicycle and at once a large dog ran towards the gate. It made a lot of noise and in
the end I dropped the card in the garden. The dog picked it up immediately and carried it into the house. The dog was a
better postman than I was.
Your answers must not be more than 58 words:
Did I work as a postman for a long time or for a short time?
Did I find the work easy or did I find it difficult?
Do I like dogs, or am I afraid of them?
Where did I have to deliver a postcard one day?
Would the dog at the house let me go through the gate or not?
Where did I throw the card?
Where did the dog take it?
Repasa la siguiente gramática:
Repasa el pasado simple de los verbos regulares e irregulares.
J) The children next door often play football in the garden and sometimes break my windows. Last Saturday afternoon
I stayed at home and read a book. After a while I closed my eyes and went to sleep. A sound at the door made me get
up quickly. Soon a little boy appeared.
“Not one of my windows again”? I asked
Oh no! Answered the boy. “Your window was open this time and our ball is in your bedroom. May we get in, please?
Your answers must not be more than 50 words:
1. Where do the children next door often play football?
2. What do they sometimes break?
3. Where did I spend the afternoon last Saturday?
4. Who came to the door?
5. What did he want to do?
6. Where was it?

56
 7. Did he break my window or not?
8. Was it open, or was it shut?
K) Lacock , near Chippenham in the county of Wiltshire, is a beautiful little village with a population of 200. William
Henry Fox-Talbot, the photographic pioneer, made the first paper negative, a photograph of a window in Lacock Abbey,
in 1835.
Between 55000 and 60000 people visit the Abbey every year. David and Kathleen Allan own a food store and the
post office in Lacock. Mr Allan says he has no problems with tourists, but some of the inhabitants are tired of
tourists……….. Answer these questions:
1. What is the village famous for?
2. Why do tourists want to visit it?
3. Who was William Henry Fox-Talbot?
4. How many people visit the Abbey every year?
5. Who are the owners of the post office in Lacock?
6. Do people in Lacock like tourists?
L) HOW?
They were all there. The sons, the daughters, the wives, the children, even little four year old Andrew. They became
quiet when old lady Boon stood up at the end of the great room. “Thank you all for coming” she said. “Every year, there
are more of you – wives, children. Every year on this day, we remember my poor dear Sir George. People often ask, “
How did Sir George become Commander- in Chief of all our fighting men? And every year- for the new ones- I tell
you this story. “When Sir George came back from the war, the King himself sent for him. “Sir George said the king. “
You have lost an arm, than good arm was shot away in the war. You gave that arm for your country. I now give you my
own white horse. From this day, it is yours”. The people who heard Lady Boon were happy at the thought. Four
year old Andrew pulled at the coat of a man near him. “Has she finished? Ssssssssshhhhhhh, said the man. “But that
is not all” Lady Boon began again. Sir George said to the king. “The king’s own horse for one arm! And for two
arms?” The king said. “For two lost arms I must make you Commander in Chief of all my fighting men”. And at once
Sir George shot off
his other arm” A little cry went up from the people in the room. The king remembered his words. At once, Sir George
became Commander in Chief of all our fighting men. A great man. Let’s us drink as we remember Sir George Boon. The
people in the room drank from their large glasses and laughed and talked again.
Little Andrew went up to Lady Boon and asked. Is it true? Did Sir George shoot off his other arm in front of the king?
“Yes” she said. And Little Andrew said: How?
Answer the following questions:
1. Who was Sir George’s wife?
2. Who was Sir George?
3. Who gave him a white horse
4. Who was in the great room?
5. Who didn’t believe the story about Sir George?
M) THE MISTERY OF THE LOCH NESS MONSTER.

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The Loch Ness Monster! A famous monster! A famous mystery! Yes, the Loch Ness Monster is a mystery. What is a
monster? It’s a big animal, or a big fish! It’s big and it’s strange.
What is a loch? It’s a strange word. It is a Scottish word. English people say lake. A loch is a kind of lake in Scotland, a
lake between tow hills. Loch Ness is not the only loch in Scotland, but it is a famous loch.
Loch Ness is an old lake. Old? Yes, 25000 years. It’s also a long lake. It’s 38.6 kms long, but only 1.6 kms wide. Loch
Ness is also a deep lake, 296 metres deep.
NESSIE: The Loch Ness Monster has a name. The name if the monster is Nessie. Nessie is a real Scottish name.
Nessie comes from the name Agnes. It is common in Scotland. The name of Loch Ness comes from the River Ness.
It runs from Loch Ness to the town of Inverness. Inverness is “mouth of the River Ness”.
The Loch Ness Monster Quiz!
1. What is a monster?
2. What is a loch?
3. Is Loch Ness the only loch in Scotland?
4. What is the name of the Loch Ness Monster?
5. Is Loch Ness 24 kms, 38.6 kms or 40 kms long?
6. Is Loch Ness 1 km, 1.6 km or 1.9 kms wide?
7. Is Loch Ness 296 metres, 500 metres of 975 metres deep?
N) THE LETTER:
It was Kelly’s first job as a seaman, and the ship was a big one. It stayed at sea for months at a time. At last, letters
came from home. There was a letter for Kelly, and he put it inside his shirt. His friend Albert said:
-“Aren’t you going to read your letter?” - “No, I have work to do”.
Late that night Albert saw Kelly again. He said:
-“Did you read your letter?”
- ”Who is it from?” -“No”.
-” How do I know?” -“ Well, you must know the writing?” - “No”
- “Well, open it” - “No”
-“Don’t you want to read it?” - “ Yes, I want to read it”.
- “So, why don’t you read it? - “Because I can’t read.”
- “Oh! Why didn’t you say so? Here, give it to me.
- “What are you doing? - “Opening it”.
- “ That’s my letter”.
- “Who from?”
- “From – er – Betty. Who is that?” _ “My girlfriend”.
- “Ok, are you ready?” - “Ready for what?”
- “I will read it. Right. This is it. “My dearest......”
- “Wait! What are you doing now?” - “ I am putting the light off.”
- “Why?”

58
- “That letter is from Betty to me. I can’t let you see it. “
- “ How can I read it now? I can’t see anything.
- “Wait, here is a torch.”
- “ Thanks”.
- “Can you see now?
- “ This torch is no good. It doesn’t light”.
- “ I will put the light on again”.
- “ Can I read it now?”
- “ Wait”.
- “ What are you doing, Kelly?”
- “I’m putting my hands over your ears. Now you can’t hear what you are saying. Ok, read me the letter.
Answer these questions:
1. Why didn’t Kelly open his letter?
2. Why did he put the light off?
3. Why did he get a torch?
4. Why did the ship stay at sea for a long time?
5. Why did Kelly put his hands over Albert’s ears?
M) Readibg:
BEIJING
Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China. Its old name is Peking. It is in the north-east of China between
two rivers, the Yung-Ting and the Chai-Pau. Beijing is the centre of the Chinese government and the cultural centre of
China.
The city of Beijing is very big, 9500 square miles of 24000 square kilometres. It is the size of a small country or a state.
You can compare it to Haiti and New Hampshire in the United States.
Tienanmen Square is a large open area in Beijing, famous in all the world since the student massacre in 1989. The
Great Hall of the People is on the west side of the square.
Answer these questions:
1. Where is this town?
2. What’s the name of the famous square in Beijing?
3. Why is it famous?
4. Name two rivers in the text:
Choose the correct answer:
Peking is:
a) an old name for Beijing
b) the provincial capital of the People’s Republic of China
c) the agricultural centre of China
True or false?

59
1) Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China
2) Beijing is in the centre of China
3) Beijing covers a very large area
4) The Great Hall of the people is on the east side of the Tiananmen Square
Write about a town you like. Follow this plan:
- Situation
- Why is it important: main activity
- Size, population, etc
- Some important buildings, monuments, etc
Use the passage about Beijing to help you.

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SOLUCIONES A LOS EJERCICIOS

TO BE

1. Give questions for these answers:

No, I am married.
Are you married?
She is ten years old.
How old is she?
Half past seven.
What time is it?
From Germany.
Where are you from?
It is near the supermarket.
Where is the school?
91 863 245
What is your telephone number?
Well, thank you, and you?
How are you?
Lopez.
What is your surname?
Teresa
What is your name?
No, they are dentists.
Are they pilots?

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ARTÍCULOS

1. Put A/AN or THE in these sentences where necessary:

Would you like AN apple?
Can you close THE door, please?
Excuse me, where is THE bus station, please?
I’ve got A problem. Can you help me?
My sister has got A job in A bank in Manchester
We live in A small flat near THE city centre
There is A small supermarket at THE end of THE street I live in.
THE Sun is star.

TRANSLATION ( TRADUCCIÓN) (TO BE)

1. Traduce las siguientes oraciones de manera afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.

El chico francés es alto.
Afirmativa: The French boy is tall
Negativa: The French boy is not tall
Interrogativa: Is the French boy tall?
Los libros azules son viejos.
Af: The blue books are old
Ng:The blue books are not old
Int: Are the blue books old?
William es médico.
Af: William is a doctor
Ng: William is not a doctor.
Int: Is William a doctor?
Las mujeres españolas son guapas.
Af: Spanish women are pretty.
Ng: Spanish women are not pretty.
Int: Are Spanish women pretty?

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 La profesora es delgada.
Af: The teacher is thin.
Ng: The teacher is not thin.
Int: Is the teacher thin?
La camiseta amarilla es cara.
Af: The yellow t-shirt is expensive.
Ng: The yellow t-shirt is not expensive.
Int: Is the yellow t-shirt expensive?
La mesa grande es nueva.
Af: The big table is new.
Ng: The big table is not new.
Int: Is the big table new?

2. Completa los espacios de las siguientes frases con la forma correcta del verbo TO BE
Hello girls: Welcome to the school!! Let's introduce our teachers:
This is James. He ...IS.........the English teacher and he .......IS....from England. This is Rose. She ......IS......
the cook and she ......IS.......from London. This is John and this is Anne. They ....ARE......students. They
......ARE......from Scotland. You .....ARE....good students.
Girls, we....ARE.......ready and I think the teachers ......ARE......ready. Let's begin the lessons.

TO BE – TO HAVE

A) Complete the sentences with TO BE or TO HAVE:

Where -------ARE------ you from?
Robert --------HAS----- an apple.
Anna ------IS------ twenty nine years old.
They -------ARE---- cold.
He --------HAS------- a chocolate ice cream.
There --------IS----- a book on the table.
A Ford -------IS-- a small car but it -----HAS---- four doors.
-------ARE---- there any people from Germany in the class?
Silvia -------IS----- very young.
There-----IS------- some beer in the fridge.

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TO BE (QUESTIONS)

B) Find the right answers for these questions:

1) Where is the camera? A) London. 1F
2) Is your car blue?B) No, I am not. 2G
3) Is Linda from London? C) Yes, you are. 3H
4) Am I late?D) My sister. 4C
5) Where is Ann from? E) Black 5A
6) What colour is your bag? F) In your bag. 6E
7) Are you hungry?G) No, it’s black. 7B
8) How is George? H) No, she is American.8I
9) Who is that woman? I) Very well. 9D
C) Write the questions: (Read the answers first)
(name)-------- What is your name?-------------------------- Paul.
(married or single) ------Are you married or single?--------------- I am married.
(American) --------Are you American?-------------------- No, I’m Australian.
(how old) ---------How old are you?------------------------ I’m 30.
(a teacher) -------Are you a teacher?--------------------No, I’m a lawyer.
(wife a lawyer) --------Is your wife a lawyer? ---------No, she is a designer.
(from)----------Where is she from?--------------------------------She is Italian.
(her name)----------What is her name?----------------------------------- Anna.
(how old)---------------------------How old is she?-------She is 27.

ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

A) Complete the sentences with HIS/ HER/THEIR

I saw Liz with -----HER----- husband, Philip.
I saw Ann and Ted with ----THEIR----- children.
I saw Ted with -----HIS---- wife, Ann.
I saw George with ------HIS----- brother, Bill.
I saw Ann with -------HER------brother, Bill.
I saw Liz and Philip with ----THEIR---- son, Bill.
I saw Ann with ------HER----- parents.

64
 I saw Diana and Robert with ----THEIR----- parents.
B) Fill in the blanks with the following subject pronouns and possessive adjectives: I
/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/MY/YOUR/HIS/HER/THEIR/YOUR:
Are you Mary Lewis? Yes, ----I------ am.
She is from Spain. ---MY----- name is Carmen.
He is from Japan, -----HIS---- name is Paul Watanabe.
Are you Italian? No, --I------- am Greek.
Is your name John? No, ---IT----- isn’t.
------MY-- name is Alice, -----I----- am a dentist.
Monica and -------HER--- mother are doctors.
Philip is French but ----HIS------ wife is German.
George and Karen are British, ---THEIR------ daughter is married to an American.
Ann is a photographer and ----HER------ brother is a teacher.
My sister and ----I----- are American but ---OUR------ parents are Greek.
Henry’s mother is a shop assistant, ----HER------ name is Lucy.
Alice and Bill are doctors and -----THEIR----- son is a student.
This is -----MY----- brother John and this is ------HIS----- room.
C) Fill in the gaps. Use the personal pronouns and possessive adjectives.
Melinda is an English girl. ------SHE------ lives in a beautiful house on the outskirts of Reading. ---IT----- a bit far
from the school. --HER------ mother takes her there by car every morning because ----SHE--- works in a
hospital nearby. In the afternoon, after school, Melinda goes back home by bus.
----HER--- classmates Jeffrey and David go back with her. ---THEY---- are ------HER-- neighbours.
D) Choose the right word:
It’s their/theirs problem, not our/ ours.
This is a nice camera. Is it your/yours?
That’s not my/mine umbrella. My/Mine is black.
Whose books are these? Your /Yours or my/mine?
Catherine is going out with her/ hers friends this evening.
My/mine room is bigger than her/hers
They have got two children but I don’t know their/theirs names
Can we use your washing machine? Our/Ours is broken

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GENITIVO SAJÓN, FAMILY TREE

WILLIAM + JANE
PAUL+MAGGY ANNE LISA +HENRY
John MarySusan Richard
(Los nombres que están subrayados son los hijos de William y Jane)
A) Complete the following exercise by using the Saxon genitive:
Ej: William is JANE’S HUSBAND. (JANE)
William and Jane are ----------Lisa’s parents------------------------ (LISA)
Paul is -------------------------------Lisa’s brother-------------------------- (LISA)
Lisa is -------------------------------Henry’s wife---------------( HENRY)
Paul is -----------------------------------------William’s son------( WILLIAM)
John and Mary are--------------------Maggy’s children--------------(MAGGY)
John and Mary are -------------William’s grandchildren---------(WILLIAM)
Mary is --------Anne’s niece-----------------------------(ANNE)
Richard is ----------------------Anne’s nephew------------------------( ANNE)
Anne is ---------------------------Susan’s aunt----------------(SUSAN)
Paul is ----------------------------------Susan’s uncle--------------(SUSAN)
John is -------------Susan’s cousin-------------------------(SUSAN)
Lisa is ---------------Susan’s mother---------------------------(SUSAN)
Mary is -----------------Jane’s granddaughter---------------------------(JANE)
Anne is ---------------------------------Lisa’s sister--------------------------(LISA)
Mary is ----------------------------Maggy’s daughter-----------(MAGGY)

B) Rewrite the following sentences by using the Saxon genitive.

Ej: The girl has a pretty dress. The girl’s dress is pretty.
The man has white hair. ----------The man’s hair-------------------- is white.
Mary has red shoes. -----------------------------Mary’s shoes------are red.
The king has a beautiful palace.-------The king’s palace--------is beautiful.
Alice has a new bicycle. --------------Alice’s bicycle---------------------is new.
The cat has green eyes. --------The cat’s eyes----------------are green.
My dog has a long tail. ------------------My dog’s tail---------------is long.
The men have long hair. -----------------The men’s hair------------- is long.

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C) Translate the following sentences:
¿Está el hermano de Pedro en la cocina? No, no está.
Is Peter’s brother in the kitchen? No, he isn’t.
La casa de Paul es muy bonita.
Paul’s house is very beautiful.
Este es el coche de Billy y aquel es el de Mary.
This is Billy’s car and that is Mary’s.
¿Dónde está la cerveza de tu abuelo? Está en la cocina.
Where is your grandfather’s beer? It is in the kitchen.
El marido de Susan es el padre de Robert.
Susan’s husband is Robert’s father.
Hoy es el cumpleaños de mi madre.
My mother’s birthday is today.

VERB TENSES

PRESENTE CONTINUO
A) What’s happening at the moment? Write TRUE sentences:
I / wash / my hair. I am not washing my hair.
It/ snow. It is not snowing.
I/ sit / on a chair. I am sitting on a chair.
I / eat. I am not eating.
It/ rain. It is raining.
I/ learn/ English. I am learning English.
I / listen/ to music. I am not listening to music.
The sun/ shine. The sun is shining.
I / wear / shoes. I am wearing shoes.
I / read/ a newspaper. I am not reading a newspaper.

B) Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
working / Paul / today? Is Paul working today?
What /doing / the children? What are the children doing?
You / listening / to me? Are you listening to me?
Where / going / your friends? Where are your friends going?
Your parents/ television / watching? Are your parents watching TV?
What / cooking / Ann? What is Ann cooking?

67
 Why / you / looking at me ? Why are you looking at me?
Coming / the bus? Is the bus coming?
PRESENTE SIMPLE

A) Completa el siguiente artículo periodístico sobre Lord Stonebury. Utiliza PRESENTE SIMPLE. Todos los
verbos han de ser afirmativos. Recuerda la 3ª persona del singular. Debes utilizar todos los verbos que te doy a
continuación. En algunos casos han de usarse más de una vez (tal y como te indico entre paréntesis). Busca
en
el diccionario aquellos verbos que no conozcas.
Go (4) / have (3) / live (2) / get / meet / own / play / read / spend / talk
Lord Stonebury is 28 years old. He -----lives---------- in Belgravia, in London’s West End. He is very rich and
he ----owns------ the company Office Blocks International. Every morning the young Lord -----has----------
breakfast in bed and ------reads------- the newspapers. He -----gets------- up at 10 o’clock and usually -----
goes----- for a walk in Hyde Park. He ------has------- lunch at his club. He sometimes -----meets---------the
Directors OBI, and they ---talk------- about the company’s plans. In the afternoon Lord Stonebury and his
friends sometimes ------play------- golf. Then they ---have------ a few drinks. Or sometimes he and a girlfriend
----go------- for a drive in his sports car. After dinner Lord Stonebury -----goes----- to a night club or a casino
with one of his girlfriends. They -------go----- home at about 2 o’clock.
In the winter the young Lord ------lives------- in Monte Carlo. And he -----spends----- his summer holidays in
the West Indies.
B) Write sentences from these words: Put the verbs in the right form (arrive or arrives?). Be careful with
frequency adverbs.
always / early / Sue / arrive
Sue always arrives early.
basketball / I / play / often
I often play basketball.
work / Margaret / hard / usually
Margaret usually works hard.
Jenny / always / nice /wear / clothes
Jenny always wears nice clothes.
dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30
We always have dinner at 7.30
like / chocolate / children / usually
Children usually like chocolate.
Julia / parties / enjoy / always
Julia always enjoys parties.

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C) Write questions: Use the words in brackets + DO /DOES. Put the words in the right order.
where / live / your parents ?
Where do your parents live?
you / early / always / get up?
Do you always get up early?
how often / TV / you / watch ?
How often do you watch TV?
you / want / what / for dinner?
What do you want for dinner?
like / you / football?
Do you like football?
your brother / like / football?
Does your brother like football?
what / you / do / in the evening?
What do you do in the evening?
your sister / work / where ?
Where does your sister work?
to the cinema / often / you / go?
Do you often go to the cinema?
go / usually / to bed / what time / you ?
What time do you usually go to bed?
¿PRESENTE SIMPLE O PRESENTE CONTINUO?
D) Choose the right answer: Simple present or present continuous?
1)Listen! Someone ----------B--------- the violin. Can you hear it?
a) playsb) is playing
2) Helen is a musician. She --------A----- the violin in an orchestra.
a) playsb) is playing
3) He -------B------ very hard now. His exams are very next.
a) works b) is working
4) Can I phone you back? -------B--------- dinner at the moment.
a) have b) am having
5) Kim-------A--------in a bank. She has worked there for 20 years.
a) works b) is working
6) Where is John? -------B-------- the dinner?
a) does he cook b) is he cooking
7) Look! We can’t play tennis. It ----B---------
a) rains b) is raining
8) Bob ------A----------- meat. He is a vegetarian.

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 a) doesn’t eat b) isn’t eat.
E) Simple present or present continuous?
You can’t see Tom now. He (have)------is having-------- a bath.
He usually (speak)--------speaks-------- so quickly that I (not understand) ------don’t understand ----him.
How ( you usually go) --------do you usually go------ to work?.
He (work) --------is working----------- at preset in an office.
The baby (cry) --------is crying----------- Give him some food.
What (he do)---------is he doing------------?. He (repair)-----is repairing-------- his bicycle.
What ( he do) --------does he do--------------?. He is a pilot.
Stella (usually stay)-------usually stays--------- in a hotel when she (come)-------comes------to London, but this
week she (stay) ---is staying-------- with us.
What (your wife do) ------does your wife do------------? She is a nurse but she (not work)------is not
working-------- at the moment.
Look! The train (come)--------------is coming---------
F) Choose the correct verb forms:
Stan have/has breakfast at half past seven.
Karen does not have/ has breakfast.
How does Karen go/goes to work?
Stan go/goes to work by bus.
My father work / works in Cardiff
He does not like / likes travelling
He get up / gets up at six o’clock everyday.
My parents live /lives in a big house.
What does your father do/does?
Stan and Karen live /lives in Oxford.

VERB TENSES

SIMPLE PAST (TO BE)

A) Complete the following sentences with AM / IS/ ARE/ WAS / WERE
Last year she ----was----- 22, so she -----is---- now.
Today the weather -----is---- nice, but yesterday it -----was---- very cold.
I ------am----- hungry. Can I have a sandwich?
I feel fine this morning but I -----was------- very tired last night.
Where ----were----- you at 11o’clock last Friday morning?
Don’t buy those shoes. They ----are---- very expensive.

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This time last year I ---was------- in Paris.
Where --are------- the children? I don’t know. They ---were------- in the garden ten minutes ago.

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B) Write questions: Use the words in brackets in the correct order + was and were.
late / you / this morning/ why? The traffic was bad.
Why were you late this morning?
difficult / your exam? No, it was easy.
Was your exam difficult?
last week / where / Ann and Chris? They were on holiday.
Where were Ann and Chris last week?
your new camera / how much? 60$
How much was your new camera?
angry / you / yesterday / why? Because you were late.
Why were you angry yesterday?
nice / the weather / last week? Yes, it was beautiful.
Was the weather nice last week?
SIMPLE PAST
A) Complete the sentences: Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
Clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want
1 ) I ---------cleaned-------- my teeth three times yesterday.
2) It was hot in the room, so I ------opened------- the window.
3) The concert -----started------- at 7.30 and --------finished------ at 10 o’clock.
4) When I was a child I -----wanted--------- to be a doctor.
5) The accident --------happened-------- last Sunday afternoon.
6) It’s a nice day today but yesterday it -----rained-------- all day.
7) We ---enjoyed---- our holiday last year. We ---stayed---- at a very nice place.
8) Ann’s grandfather -----died------- when he was 90 years old.

B) Write B’s questions: Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
Arrive cost go go to bed latehave a nice time staywin
1) A) We went to New York last month.
Where --------did you stay-----------------------------?
With some friends.
2) A) I was late this morning.
B) What time -------did you arrive --------------------------?
A) Half past nine.
3) A) I played tennis this afternoon.
B) --------------Did you win------------------------------?
A) No, I lost.
4) A) I had a nice holiday.
B) Good. Where------------did you go---------------------?

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A) To the mountains.
5) A) We came home by taxi.
B) How much -------------did it cost------------------------?
A) 10$
6) A) I’m tired this morning.
B) --------------------Did you go to bed late---------------------------------?
A) No, but I didn’t sleep well.
7) A) We went to the beach yesterday.
B) -------------------Did you have a nice time----------------------------?
A) Yes, it was great.

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VERB TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS
A) Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple:
A) What (you do) ---were you doing ---- when the phone (ring)---rang---?
B) I (watch) ----was watching--------------- TV.
A) Was Jane busy when you went to see her?
B) Yes, she (study) -----was studying--------------
A) What time (the post arrive)-------did the post arrive------ this morning?
B) It (come)-----came------while I (have)----was having-----------breakfast.
A) How fast ( you drive)---were you driving----when the police (stop)----stopped ---------you.
B) I don’t know exactly but I ( not drive )----wasn’t driving----- very fast.
A) (you see) ----Did you see------------- Jenny last night?
B)Yes, she (wear) -------was wearing--------- a very nice jacket.
B) Write complete sentences, one of the verb in past simple, the other one in past continuous.
I / walk /home / when / it / start / to rain
I was walking home when it started to rain.
Cora / read / a letter/ when / Jimmy / phone / her
Cora was reading a letter when Jimmy phoned her.
Andy / come out / of the restaurant / when / he / see / Jenny
Andy was coming out of the restaurant when he saw Jenny.
Cathy / phone / the post office / when the parcel / arrive
Cathy was phoning the post office when the parcel arrived.
When Don / arrive / we / have / coffee
When Don arrived we were having coffee.
While he / walk / in the mountains / Henry / see / a bear
While he was walking in the mountains Henry saw a bear
The students / play / a game / when / the professor / arrive
The students were playing a game when the professor arrived.
I / walk / to the park / when it / start / to snow
I was walking to the park when it started to snow.

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COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS

A) Put the following adjectives in the comparative or superlative form:

The weather today is (warm ) -------warmer--------- than yesterday.
John’s car was ( expensive) ---more expensive-------------- than my car.
Sarah is the (pretty) ------prettiest-------- girl I have ever met.
These exercises are (difficult)----more difficult--- than some of the others.
This book is (good) ---------better--------- than the last one we used.
Kate is the (careful) ----most careful------------ student in the class.
Bill is (intelligent) -------more intelligent----------- than Joe.
My house is (bad) -----worse------------ than his.
John’s car is (comfortable)---the most comfortable--------- in town.
Jeff is (unpleasant) -------more unpleasant------------ than my brother.
B) Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
Follow the example.
Apples are more expensive than pears.
Pears are cheaper than apples.
His car isn’t as good as mine.
My car is better than his car.
Katie sings better than Jane.
Jane sings better than Jane.
Jill is 25 years old. Gary is 23.
Jill is older than Gary.
My camera cost 100$. Your camera cost 96$.
My camera is more expensive than your camera.
Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was 10.
It’s hotter today than yesterday.
The film is 3 hours but the video tape is only 2 hours.
The film is longer than the video tape.
The water colour is 85$ and the oil painting is 100$.
The oil painting is more expensive than the water colour.
The church was built in 1878 and the library is 1925.
The church is older than the library.
Tim is 1.6 metres tall but Wendy is 1.7 metres.
Wendy is taller than Tim.

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PREPOSITIONS (TIME)

A) Complete the following sentences with IN; ON; AT

We watch TV ----IN-----the evening.
I only see my parents ----AT---- Christmas.
I get up ----AT---- 8 o’clock and go to bed ----AT----- midnight.
I finish work early -----ON---- Friday.
We go to Paris ---IN------ autumn.
----IN--- the morning she goes to work by bus.
----ON---- Sundays there are two flights from London to Madrid. They are ---AT---7.45---IN—the morning and---
AT----20.30 ---IN--- the evening.
What do you do ----AT---- the weekends?
My grandfather was born ----IN---- the 19th century.

PREPOSITIONS ( PLACE)

A)Now fill in the gaps with IN; ON; AT

Have you got an electric blanket -----ON------ your bed? I’ve only got a hot-water bottle ---IN------ mine.
In summer, there are always flies ---ON----- the kitchen ceiling.
She spent the day sunbathing ----AT---- the swimming pool.
Scott found s Norwegian flag -----ON------ the South Pole.
There are thousands of fish -----IN---- the lake.
There’s a policeman standing ----AT---- the corner.
You have to get off -----AT----- the next stop.
The coffeepot is ----ON----- the table.
There aren’t enough chairs ----IN---- the dining room.
There are pleasure steamers ------ON---- the lake.

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EXPRESIÓN DE CANTIDAD

A) Put in SOME or ANY:

I bought ----some------ cheese but I didn’t buy ---any------ bread.
I’m going to the post office. I need ------some----- stamps.
There aren’t ------any----- shops in this part of town.
George and Alice haven’t got ---any--------- children.
Have you got ----any------ brothers of sisters?
There are ------some------ beautiful flowers in the garden.
Would you like -----some------tea? Yes, please.
Don’t buy-------any------ rice. We don’t need ---any------
I went out to buy ----some---- milk but they didn’t have ----any----- in the shop.
I’m thirsty. Can I have -----some-------- water, please?
B) Put MUCH or MANY in the spaces:
There is some food, but not ----much----- drink.
There wasn’t -----much-------- rain last month.
Does the teacher speak ---many------- languages?
I don’t put ------much----- sugar in my tea.
A poor woman can’t buy -----many----- dresses.
That old man hasn’t got -----much------- hair.
I can’t see -------many------ birds on the trees.
My mother didn’t buy -----many---- eggs.
There isn’t -----much---- milk in this bottle.
Did you learn -----many---- English words last year?
C) Put A LITTLE or A FEW in the spaces:
Could you possible lend me ----a few------- potatoes until tomorrow?
Have you got --------a few------- minutes? I’d like to talk to you.
I need -----a little------ money. Can you help me?
I’m going to France for -----a few------ days next week.
-----A few------ people arrived before the party started, but not many.
We only have ------a little------- petrol left.
Can I ask you ------a few------ questions?
The bank only lent me -------a little------- money.
Only ----a few------ students are going to fail the exam.
I always put -----a little-------- milk in my tea.

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VERB TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT
A) Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the present perfect ( have / has + the past participle of
the verb)
Break buy finish do go go lose paint read take
Are they still having dinner? No, they ---have finished---------------
I ---have bought-------- some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
Is Tom here? No, he ------has gone----------------- to work.
---Have-- you ---done--- the shopping? No, I’m going to do it later.
Where is your key? I don’t know. I ----have lost------- it.
Look! Somebody -----has broken------------- the window.
Your house looks different. ------Have------ you ----painted------- it?
I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody -------has taken---------- it.
I’m looking for Sarah. Where ---has--------- she -----gone--------?
Do you want the newspaper? No, thanks, I -------have read------ it.
B) Complete the exercise with FOR or SINCE:
She has been in London -----SINCE------- Monday.
She has been in London -----FOR------- 4 days.
Mike has been ill ------FOR--------- a long time. He has been in hospital -----SINCE------- October.
My aunt has lived in Australia -----FOR------- 15 years.
Nobody lives in that house. It has been empty -----FOR------ years.
Mrs Harris is in her office. She has been there -----SINCE---- 7 o’clock.
India has been an independent country ------SINCE-------- 1947.
The bus is late. We have been waiting ------FOR------- 20 minutes.

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PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST?
A) Present perfect or simple past? Pay special attention to expressions of
time, such as yesterday, ever… they will give you the clue to know the
tense you have to use.
1) My friend is a writer. He (write)---------has written-------- many books.
2) We (not have) ---------didn’t have--------------- a holiday last year.
3) I (play)------------played------------- tennis yesterday afternoon.
4) What time ( you go)----did you go------------- to bed last night?
5) (you ever meet) -----------Have you ever met-----------a famous person?
6) The weather ( not be)------wasn’t---------------very good yesterday.
7) My hair is wet. I ( just wash) -----have just washed------------------- it.
8) I (wash)-----washed---------- my hair before breakfast his morning.
9) Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) ---has visited-------- many countries.
10) Is Sonia here? No, she ( not come )--------has not come-------yet.
11) (you ever be) ----Have you ever been ---- to Florida? Yes, we ( go)
went----- there on holiday two years ago
12) Where is Alan? (you see him) ----Have you seen him---?Yes, he ( go)--
went---- out a few minutes ago.
B) Complete these sentences putting one verb into the past perfect and the
other one into the simple past:
When the police (arrive)-----arrived----------the car (go)-----had gone------
When I (get)----got--------to the shop it (close)----had closed----------------
They (eat) ------had eaten-------everything when I (arrive)---arrived-----at the party.
I (try)----tried----------- telephoning her several times but she (leave)---------had left--the country.
When I (find)----found------------ my purse someone (take)-----has taken-------- the money out of it.
The car (go)-------had gone--------- when I (look)-----looked----------into the street.
C) Present perfect or past perfect?
It isn’t raining now. It (stop)-----has stopped-----------------
We had no car at that time. We (sell) -----had sold-------------our old one.
The square looked awful. People (leave)-----had left----litter everywhere.
You can have that newspaper. I (finish)----have finished-----------with it.
There’s no more cheese. We (eat)--------have eaten---------- it all.
There was no sign of a taxi although I (order)---had ordered---------one half an hour before.
This bill isn’t right. They (make)-------have made---------a mistake.
I spoke to Melanie at lunch time. Someone (tell)------had told----------her the news earlier.
I was really tired last night. I (have)------had had------------a hard day.
It’ll get warmer in here. I (turn)------have turned-----------the heating on.

79
80
VERB TENSES

FUTURE
A) Fill in the blanks with Will Future or To be going to:
1) I haven’t got any money.
Well, don’t worry (I /lend)----I will lend--------you some.
2) Why are you filling that bucket with water?
(I / wash) ----------I am going to wash----------- the car.
3) The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe.
No, it looks as if ( it / fall ) -----it is going to fall-------- down.
4) I have a headache.
Wait there and (I / get) ------I will get ------- an aspirin.
5) You have a ticket for the play.
Yes, ( I / see) -----I am going to see------ it on Friday.
6) The phone is ringing.
OK, ( I / answer) -------I will answer-------- it.
7) Did you buy this book?
No, Nancy did it. (She / read) ------She is going to read ------it on holiday.
8) Tea of coffee?
(I /have) -------I will have-------- coffee, please.
9) I have decided to repaint this room.
What colour (you / paint) -----are you going to paint--------it ?
10) I don’t know how to use this camera.
It’s quite easy. ( I /show) -------I will show--------you.
B) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: You have to use all tenses learned until now (simple
present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect and future)
1)Stella usually (stay) stays in a hotel when she (come) comes to London, but today (stay) she is staying
with us.
2)My grandfather (die) died many years (for/ago/since) ago when I (be) was a little girl.
3) Yesterday when I (walk) was walking down Regent Street I (bump) bumped into a strange looking man.
4)I usually (do) do my homework on Saturday, but I (do) am doing my homework today because next
Saturday we (go) are going out.
5)Why is he putting the camera on a tripod? He (take) is going to take a group photo.
6) I (live) lived there (for/since) for several months and then I went abroad.
7) Look! The train (come) is coming . Hurry up! I (not want) don’t wantto miss it.

81
8) When Paul finished his exam, he (realize) realized he (make) had made important mistakes.
9)What (your wife do)does your wife do? She is a teacher, but she (not work) is not working at the moment.
10)The children (finish) finished their dinner an hour ago and their mother (wash up) is washing up now.
11) As I (walk) was walking home yesterday I (meet) met a foreigner who (ask) asked me the way to the
station.
12) He (work) is working at present in an office.
13)He (start) started work last Christmas.
14) I (not see) have not seen the author of that book (for/since/ago) since we (meet) met in New York two
years ago.
15) When he arrived, the concert(already/just/yet) (begin) had already begun and he (not allow) wasn’t
allowed to go in. He (be) was very disappointed to learn he (miss) had missed his favourite piece.
16)When he was a diplomat he (visit) visitedmany countries.
17)Mr Byrne (go) went to Spain last year and I (not see) have not seen him (for/since/ago) since then.
18)When I was at school I (speak) spoke four languages.
19) When we (get) got to the airport, Jack (discover) discovered to his horror that he (leave) had left his
passport behind.
20)Jane (not drink) doesn’t drink tea very often.
21) I (work) have worked here (for/since) for seven years, but it’s time to leave now.
22)Look out! We (crash) are going to crash.
23)(You go out) Did you go out yesterday?
24) What time ( the banks close) do the banks close in England?
25)I have some blue velvet and I (make) am going to make some curtains for this room.
26) I have a car but I (not use) don’t use it very often.

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

A) Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun:

Here is the medicine -----which-------- makes you good.
The old man in a wheel chair,---------who--------- is talking to the hospital matron, was once a great surgeon.
The gate -----which ------- you came through must be kept shut.
The American ambassador, ----who-------- you were speaking to a moment ago, will be returning home soon.
What is the name of the man ------whose-------- car you borrowed?
A cemetery is a place ------where------ people is buried.
A pacifist is a person -----who--------- believes that all wars are wrong.
This school is only for children -----whose--- first language is not English.
She is the girl -------who------- rang yesterday.
John is the boy ------whose---- father is a teacher.
Yes, that is the man -----who---- took my bag.
I want to talk to the students----whose------- names I call out.
That man is the one -----who---- bought the house.
You always ask questions---which-------- are very difficult to answer.
Why does he always wear clothes -------which----- are too small for him?

B) Give some additional information with a relative pronoun in the following sentences:
Wimbledon, -----which is a beautiful town------------, is in South London.
He is hoping to be chosen for the next Olympic Games,----which will take place in Japan------------------
The prime minister, ---------who is a very attractive man-----------------, will face an election soon.
Every schoolchild has heard of Columbus,----who discovered America---
Mount Everest, --------------which is in Nepal---------------------------, is the highest mountain in the world.

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PASSIVE VOICE

A) Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

They have arrested the thief.
The thief has been arrested.
An unemployed labourer was repairing my roof.
My roof was being repaired by an unemployed labourer.
The prime minister is making a speech.
A speech is being made by the prime minister.
A greengrocer sells potatoes.
Potatoes are sold by a greengrocer.
My landlady does my washing up.
My washing up is done by my landlady.
They closed the shop at one o’clock.
The shop was closed at one o’clock.
A policeman is using the telephone.
The telephone is being used by a policeman.
A fourteen years old boy was driving the car.
The car was being driven by a fourteen years old boy
They had decorated the house.
The house had been decorated.
Teenagers buy a lot of pop records.
A lot of pop records are bought by teenagers.
Architects design buildings.
Buildings are designed by architects.
A hat shades his eyes.
His eyes are shaded by a hat.
They have made mistakes.
Mistakes have been made.
They recorded the broadcast speech.
The broadcast speech was recorded.
Some of the workers have organized an unofficial strike.
An unofficial strike has been organized by some of the workers.
Some authors will judge the literary competition.
The literary competition will be judged by some authors.

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 We are preparing the room.
The room is being prepared.
A journalist is reading the letter.
The letter is being read.
Horses pull carts.
Carts are pulled by horses.
They were drinking coffee.
Coffee was being drunk.
B) Complete the sentences using words from each box: Use passive voice
Build Paint Design Write Name Invent Discover
Eric the RedMarconi The Ancient Egyptians Picasso Eiffel
George Orwell Crick & Watson
Greenland was named by Eric the Red.
Animal Farm was written by George Orwell.
The Pyramids were built by The Ancient Egyptians.
The wireless was invented by Marconi.
Guernica was painted by Picasso.
The Statue of Liberty was designed by Eiffel.
The structure of DNA was discovered by Crick and Watson.

REPORTED SPEECH

A) Change the following sentences into reported speech:

I need help desperately, he said.
He said he needed help desperately.
I don’t need your help today but I will be busy tomorrow, said Peter.
Peter said he didn’t need my help that day but he would be busy the following day.
My car has been stolen, he said, I will have to ask you a few questions.
He said his car had been stolen, so he would have to ask me a few questions.
I can’t live on my basic salary, said Peter, I will have to offer to do overtime.
Peter said he couldn’t live on his basic salary, he would have to offer to do overtime.
My young brother wants to be a tax inspector, said Mary, I can’t think why, none of my family has ever been a
tax inspector.
Mary said her young brother wanted to be a tax inspector, she couldn’t thing why because none of her
family had ever been a tax inspector.

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B) Last week you had lunch with Rachel, a friend you hadn’t seen for a long time. Look at the things she said to
you, then tell another friend what she said. Use reported speech.
I’m going to work in Spain next year.
I work for a small publishing company.
I’m their marketing manager.
The company has opened an office in Barcelona.
It’s been very successful.
I’ve been chosen to run a new office in Madrid.
I’m studying Spanish in the evenings.
I don’t have much time to enjoy myself.
I haven’t had lunch with friends for ages.
I hope my friends will come and visit me in Madrid.
I went there last week with my secretary.
We didn’t have much time for sightseeing.
I have to get back to work now.

Rachel said……
She was going to work in Spain the following year.
She worked for a small publishing company.
She was their marketing manager.
The company had opened an office in Barcelona.
It had been very successful.
She had been chosen to run a new office in Madrid.
She was studying Spanish in the evenings.
She didn’t have much time to enjoy herself.
She had not had lunch with friends for ages.
She hoped her friends would come and visit her in Madrid.
She had been there the week before with her secretary.
The had not had much time for sightseeing.
She had to get back to work then.

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C) Put the following questions into the reported speech:
Who has been using my typewriter? My mother asked
My mother asked who had been using her typewriter.
Do you want to see the cathedral? The guide asked
The guide asked if I wanted to see the cathedral.
Did you sleep well? My hostess asked
My hostess asked me I had slept well.
Have you been here long? The other students asked him
The other students asked him if he had been there long.
How long have you been learning English? Paul asked.
Paul asked him how long he had been learning English.
Where are you going for your summer holidays? I asked
I asked him where he was going for his summer holidays.
Do you grow your own vegetables? My friend asked.
My friend asked me if I grew my own vegetables.
How many sleeping pills have you taken? The night sister asked.
The night sister asked me how many sleeping pills I had taken.
D) Put the following sentences (orders) into the reported speech:
Don’t put sticky things in your pockets! His mother ordered him
His mother ordered him not to put sticky things in his pockets.
Don’t do anything dangerous! His wife told him
His wife told him not to do anything dangerous.
Get into the right lane! The driving instructor ordered her
The driving instructor ordered her to get into the right lane.
Hold the ladder! He told him
He told him to hold the ladder.
Don’t take more than two of these! The doctor ordered me
The doctor ordered me not to take more than two of those.
Fasten your seat belts! The hostess told us
The hostess told us to fasten our seat belts.
Don’t drive through fog with only a fog light on! She ordered him
She ordered him not to drive trough fog with only a fog light on.

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

A) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses:

If you pass your examination we (have)---will have---a celebration.
You would play better bridge if you (not talk)--didn’t talk---- so much.
What (happen)-----will happen--------- if I press this button?
If you (wear)------had worn--------------- a false beard nobody would have recognized you.
If you go to Paris where (you / stay)---------will you stay-----------?
If the milkman (come) -------comes------ tell him to leave two pints.
Someone (sit) ----will sit---on your glasses if you leave them there.
If you (read)-------had read-------------- the instructions carefully you wouldn’t have answered the wrong
question.
If you shake that bottle of port it ( not be)---won’t-be---fit to drink.
If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus I (not buy)---wouldn’t have bought-------------it.
What (I / do)---------will I do----------if I hear the burglar alarm?
I (bring)---------would have brought-------------you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
If anyone attacked me my dog (jump) ----would jump-----------at his throat.
If you had touched that electric cable you (be)----would have been------electrocuted.
You (not be)---------won’t be-----------any use to me if you don’t learn to type.
B) Finish these sentences taking care to use the correct tenses, all of them are conditional sentences:
If the volcano starts erupting-----many people will die.
He would lend it to you if---------you needed it.
If you had asked him his permission--you would have gone to the party.
If you tried to climb without a guide-------you wouldn’t find the way.
If the fire had been noticed earlier--------the firemen would have arrived.
If you leave the gate open-----the cat will run away.
If you had any sense-------you would study more.
If I had had a car-------I would have visited you.
You will have to go to the dentist------if you eat so many sweets.
If Tom rings while I am out----------tell him to phone me later.
You wouldn’t have been angry---------if you had talked to him.
If you didn’t shake the camera the photographs-----would be better.
If you don’t put enough stamps on a letter---your friend won’t receive it.
If this hotel doesn’t get another cook-----I will never eat there again.
Her life would have been saved if ----the ambulance had arrived earlier.

88
89
TEXTOS

A) The Jackson family are on holiday in Turkey. They are staying at a big hotel in Istambul. Mark (13), his sister Fay
(12) and their parents like Turkey. It is beautiful, the weather is hot and the food is good. Today they are visiting the city
of Troy. They are getting on a bus in front of their hotel. There are 40 people on the bus. They come from Britain,
America, France, Italy and Holland.
Answer the following questions on the text using your own words: Don’t repeat the text.
How many people are there in the Jackson family?
There are four people in the Jackson family.
In which Turkish city are they staying?
They are in Istambul.
How old are the children?
Mark is thirteen years old and Fay is twelve.
How many people are there in the bus?
There are forty people in the bus.
Where do the people on the bus come from?
They come from different countries, Britain, America, France, Italy and Holland.
B) Dear Norma and Eric,
We are in Italy. We are very happy here. The weather is wonderful, so we are at the beach all the time. The hotel is
very big but it is not new. People are very nice, boys are very tall and handsome and girls are very pretty and thin..
See you soon. Love. Peter and Sarah
1) Where are Peter and Sarah?
Peter and Sarah are on holidays in Italy.
2) Are they sad?
No, they aren’t. They are very happy, they are having a good time there.
3) What's the weather like in Italy?
Italian weather is great.
4) Describe the hotel. Is it small, is it old?
It is an old hotel, but it isn’t a small hotel.

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C) Bath is a very old city in England. It has a beautiful Abbey. A lot of people visit the city, and in the summer there are
always crowds so tourists in the streets. Pete and Carla are students at Bath university. Carla likes to walk in the little
back streets. It is quiet here but Pete and Carla can hear music. “Look” says Pete. ”That man is playing the flute.
Let’s
go and listen” Pete and Carla listen to the flute player. The tune is Greensleves and Carla sings it with him.
Answer the questions according to the text:
Are Pete and Carla:
a) shopkeepersb) students c) tourists?
Is Bath Abby:
a) a church b) the name of a streetc) the name of a café?

What is Greensleves?
It is a tune.
This story takes place in Bath. Here are anagrams of four other British cities. They all begin with letter
B. What are they?
RTIBGHNO INAIHRMGBM RTIBSLO UTMBROHONEN
BRIGHTON BIRMINGHAM BRISTOL BOURNEMOUTH
D) I have a friend in England. His name is Ken Roberts. I know him very well. We often write to each other. My letters
are very short. It is still very hard to write in English. I received a letter from Ken yesterday. It made me very happy. He
is coming to my country for a holiday next year. We are going to see each other for the first time.
Answer these questions. Your answers must not be more than 52 words.
Where does your friend, Ken Roberts, live?
Ken Roberts lives in England.
What do you both often do?
We write each other.
Are your letters short or long?
My letter are not too long.
Is it hard for you to write in English, or is it easy?
It is not easy for me to write in English.
What will Ken do next year?
He will come to visit me in Spain for his holidays.
Will you see each other for the first time or not?
Yes, we will see each other for the first time, I have not seen him before.

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E) Our summer holidays last 3 months. During the last week of the holidays we get ready for school. We buy pencils,
pens, paper and new books. On the first day of school we see all our friends again and we tell them about the
holidays. After that we get into class. It is so hard to keep quiet and pay attention to our teacher. He always says
with a laugh.
“You forget more in three months than you learn in a year”.
Your answers must not be more than 55 words:
How long do our summer holidays last?
Our summer holidays last three months.
When do we prepare for school?
We prepare for school one week before starting school.
Whom do we see on the first day?
We meet all the students on the first day.
What do we tell them?
We tell them about our holidays.
Where do we go then?
We go into class.
What does our teacher always say?
He always says that we forget everything during our holidays.
F) It is very hot in the summer and in the evenings nobody likes staying at home. People walk in the streets or sit in the
open. We have a special summer cinema and my friends and I often go there. There are tall trees all round and it is
very cool. Sometimes the films are not very good, but we do not mind. The stars shine in a clear sky and there is
often a large bright moon. We can forget the film and enjoy a pleasant evening.
Your answers must not be more than 44 words:
1) Is it hot in the summer, or is it cold?
It is very hot in the summer.
2) Do people like to go out in the evening, or do they like to stay at
home?
People usually like going out in the evenings.
3) Where do your friends and you often go?
We often go to the summer cinema.
4) Is it warm there, or is it cool?
It is very cool there because there are trees all around it.
5) Do you sometimes see bad films or do you always see good films?
Sometimes films are not very good.
6)Do you mind about this or not?
We don’t mind about seeing bad films.
7)Do you always enjoy a pleasant evening or not?
Yes, we enjoy pleasant evenings every time we go.

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G) It’s January 10th. Today Jane is seventeen years of age. She’s wearing a pretty new dress. It’s blue and white. Jane
is having a party today and she’s expecting all her friends to come. They are going to arrive in a short time. They are
going to bring many beautiful presents with them. Jane’s mother has prepared a lot of nice things to eat and drink.
The young people are going to play games, sing, dance and listen to music. They will have a wonderful time together.
Answer the following questions. Your answers must not be more than 51 words:
What is the date today?
It is January 10th.
Whose birthday is it?
It is Jane’s birthday.
How old is she?
Jane is seventeen today.
Is Jane wearing a new dress, or is it wearing an old one?
Jane is wearing a new pretty dress.
Is she having a party or not?
She is having a birthday party.
When will her friends arrive?
Jane’s friends will arrive very soon.
What are the young people going to do at the party?
Everybody is going to play, dance, sing and listen to music, they are going to have a good time.
H) Mr and Mrs Simms go to the market on Saturday mornings. Mr Simms never enjoys these visits. Mrs Simms goes
shopping and he sits on a box and waits for her. This morning there was more noise than usual and everyone was in a
hurry. Mrs Simms bought some meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. An hour passed and then a man came up to Mr
Simms. Excuse me, he said, is your name Simms? Your wife has finished shopping now, but the bags are very
heavy. She wants you to carry them home for her.
Your answers must not be more then 45 words:
Where do Mr and Mrs Simms go every Saturday morning?
Mr and Mrs Simms go to the market every Saturday morning.
Does Mr Simms enjoy it or not?
Mr Simms doesn’t like going to the market at all.
Did his wife buy many different things this morning, or did she buy only a few things?
Mrs Simms bought many things this morning, meat, fish, fruit and vegetables.
How long did her husband wait?
Mr Simms waited for one hour.
What did Mrs Simms want her husband to do in the end?
Mrs Simms wanted her husband to help her with the bags.

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I) I worked as a postman for a short time. But I am afraid of dogs and I
have a lot of trouble. One day I tried to deliver a postcard to a big house.
I got off my bicycle and at once a large dog ran towards the gate. It made
a lot of noise and in the end I dropped the card in the garden. The dog
picked it up immediately and carried it into the house. The dog was a
better postman than I was.
Your answers must not be more than 58 words:
Did I work as a postman for a long time or for a short time?
I was a postman for a very short time.
Did I find the work easy or did I find it difficult?
Working as a postman was sometimes a bit difficult.
Do I like dogs, or am I afraid of them?
I don’t like dogs because I am afraid of them.
Where did I have to deliver a postcard one day?
I had to deliver a postcard to a very big house.
Would the dog at the house let me go through the gate or not?
There was a big dog which didn’t let me go into the house.
Where did I throw the card?
I threw the card into the garden.
Where did the dog take it?
The dog took the card into the house. It was a very good postman.
J) The children next door often play football in the garden and sometimes break my windows. Last Saturday afternoon
I stayed at home and read a book. After a while I closed my eyes and went to sleep. A sound at the door made me get
up quickly. Soon a little boy appeared.
“Not one of my windows again”? I asked
Oh no! Answered the boy. “Your window was open this time and our ball is in your bedroom. May we get in, please?
Your answers must not be more than 50 words:
Where do the children next door often play football?
The children next door often play in the garden.
What do they sometimes break?
They sometimes break my windows with their ball.
Where did I spend the afternoon last Saturday?
I was at home reading a book.
Who came to the door?
One of the boys next door knocked on my door.
What did he want to do?
He wanted to recover his ball.

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 Where was it?
His ball was his ball.
Did he break my window or not?
No, he didn’t break my window because it was open.
Was it open, or was it shut?
Fortunately the window was open this time.
K) Lacock , near Chippenham in the county of Wiltshire, is a beautiful little village with a population of 200. William
Henry Fox-Talbot, the photographic pioneer, made the first paper negative, a photograph of a window in Lacock Abbey,
in 1835.
Between 55000 and 60000 people visit the Abbey every year. David and Kathleen Allan own a food store and the
post office in Lacock. Mr Allan says he has no problems with tourists, but some of the inhabitants are tired of
tourists……….. Answer these questions:
What is the village famous for?
Lacock is famous because William Henry Fox-Talbot made the first paper negative there.
Why do tourists want to visit it?
Tourists visit the Abbey and the famous window.
Who was William Henry Fox-Talbot?
He was a photograph, a photographic pioneer.
How many people visit the Abbey every year?
Between 55000 and 60000 visit the Abbey every year.
Who are the owners of the post office in Lacock?
David and Kathleen Allan are the owners of the post office.
Do people in Lacock like tourists?
Some of the people in Lacock are a bit fed up of so many tourists.
L) HOW?
They were all there. The sons, the daughters, the wives, the children, even little four year old Andrew. They became
quiet when old lady Boon stood up at the end of the great room. “Thank you all for coming” she said. “Every year, there
are more of you – wives, children. Every year on this day, we remember my poor dear Sir George. People often ask, “
How did Sir George become Commander- in Chief of all our fighting men? And every year- for the new ones- I tell
you this story. “When Sir George came back from the war, the King himself sent for him. “Sir George said the king. “
You have lost an arm, than good arm was shot away in the war. You gave that arm for your country. I now give you my
own white horse. From this day, it is yours”. The people who heard Lady Boon were happy at the thought. Four
year old Andrew pulled at the coat of a man near him. “Has she finished? Ssssssssshhhhhhh, said the man. “But that
is not all” Lady Boon began again. Sir George said to the king. “The king’s own horse for one arm! And for two
arms?” The king said. “For two lost arms I must make you Commander in Chief of all my fighting men”. And at once
Sir George shot off
his other arm” A little cry went up from the people in the room. The king remembered his words. At once, Sir George

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became Commander in Chief of all our fighting men. A great man. Let’s us drink as we remember Sir George Boon. The
people in the room drank from their large glasses and laughed and talked again.
Little Andrew went up to Lady Boon and asked. Is it true? Did Sir George shoot off his other arm in front of the king?
“Yes” she said. And Little Andrew said: How?

Answer the following questions:

Who was Sir George’s wife?
Lady Boon was Sir George’s wife.
Who was Sir George?
Sir George was Commander in Chief of all the king’s fighting men.
Who gave him a white horse?
The king gave Sir George a white horse when he lost one of his arms.

Who was in the great room?

Everybody was there, wives, sons and daughters.
Who didn’t believe the story about Sir George?
Little Andrew didn’t believe Sir George’s story.
M) THE MISTERY OF THE LOCH NESS MONSTER.
The Loch Ness Monster! A famous monster! A famous mystery! Yes, the Loch Ness Monster is a mystery. What is a
monster? It’s a big animal, or a big fish! It’s big and it’s strange.
What is a loch? It’s a strange word. It is a Scottish word. English people say lake. A loch is a kind of lake in Scotland, a
lake between low hills. Loch Ness is not the only loch in Scotland, but it is a famous loch.
Loch Ness is an old lake. Old? Yes, 25000 years. It’s also a long lake. It’s 38.6 kms long, but only 1.6 kms wide. Loch
Ness is also a deep lake, 296 metres deep.
NESSIE: The Loch Ness Monster has a name. The name if the monster is Nessie. Nessie is a real Scottish name.
Nessie comes from the name Agnes. It is common in Scotland. The name of Loch Ness comes from the River Ness.
It runs from Loch Ness to the town of Inverness. Inverness is “mouth of the River Ness”.
The Loch Ness Monster Quiz!
What is a monster?
A monster is something big and strange. It can be an animal or a fish.
What is a loch?
It is the Scottish word for lake.
Is Loch Ness the only loch in Scotland?
Loch Ness is not the only loch in Scotland, there are more lochs there.
What is the name of the Loch Ness Monster?
The name of the famous monster is Nessie.
Is Loch Ness 24 kms, 38.6 kms or 40 kms long?

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 Loch Ness is 38.6 kilometres long.
Is Loch Ness 1 km, 1.6 km or 1.9 kms wide?
Loch Ness is 1.6 kilometres wide.
Is Loch Ness 296 metres, 500 metres of 975 metres deep?
Loch Ness is 296 metres deep.

N) THE LETTER:
It was Kelly’s first job as a seaman, and the ship was a big one. It stayed at sea for months at a time. At last, letters
came from home. There was a letter for Kelly, and he put it inside his shirt. His friend Albert said:
-“Aren’t you going to read your letter?” - “No, I have work to do”.
Late that night Albert saw Kelly again. He said
-“Did you read your letter?” - ”Who is it from?” -“No”.
-” How do I know?” -“ Well, you must know the writing?” - “No”
- “Well, open it” - “No”
-“Don’t you want to read it?” - “ Yes, I want to read it”.
- “So, why don’t you read it? - “Because I can’t read.”
- “Oh! Why didn’t you say so? Here, give it to me.
- “What are you doing? - “Opening it”. - “ That’s my letter”.
- “Who from?”
- “From – er – Betty. Who is that?” _ “My girlfriend”.
- “Ok, are you ready?” - “Ready for what?”
- “I will read it. Right. This is it. “My dearest......”
- “Wait! What are you doing now?” - “ I am putting the light off.”
- “Why?”
- “That letter is from Betty to me. I can’t let you see it. “
- “ How can I read it now? I can’t see anything.
- “Wait, here is a torch.” - “ Thanks”. - “Can you see now?
- “ This torch is no good. It doesn’t light”.
- “ I will put the light on again”. - “ Can I read it now?” - “ Wait”
- “ What are you doing, Kelly?”
- “I’m putting my hands over your ears. Now you can’t hear what you are saying. Ok, read me the letter.
Answer these questions:
Why didn’t Kelly open his letter?
Kelly didn’t open his letter because he didn’t know how to read.
Why did he put the light off?
He didn’t want Albert to see Betty’s letter.
Why did he get a torch?

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 He got a torch because Albert couldn’t read Betty’s letter with the light off.
Why did the ship stay at sea for a long time?
The ship stayed at sea for months because it was a big one.
Why did Kelly put his hands over Albert’s ears?
He put his hands over Albert’s ears because he didn’t want him to hear what he was saying.
M) BEIJING
Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China. Its old name is Peking. It is in the north-east of China
between two rivers, the Yung-Ting and the Chai-Pau. Beijing is the centre of the Chinese government and the cultural
centre of China.
The city of Beijing is very big, 9500 square miles of 24000 square kilometres. It is the size of a small country or a state.
You can compare it to Haiti and New Hampshire in the United States.
Tienanmen Square is a large open area in Beijing, famous in all the world since the student massacre in 1989. The
Great Hall of the People is on the west side of the square.
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:
Where is this town?
Beijing is in the Republic of China, in the north east of it.
What’s the name of the famous square in Beijing?
The famous square in Beijing is Tienanmen Square.
Why is it famous?
It is famous because there was a student massacre in 1989 there.
Name two rivers in the text:
The two rivers are the Yung-Tin and the Chai Pau
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
Peking is: a) an old name for Beijing
b) the provincial capital of the People’s Republic of China
c) the agricultural centre of China
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China. TRUE
2) Beijing is in the centre of China. FALSE
3) Beijing covers a very large area. TRUE
The Great Hall of the people is on the east side of the Tiananmen Square. FALSE
WRITE ABOUT A TOWN YOU LIKE. FOLLOW THIS PLAN:
Situation
Why is it important: main activity
Size, population, etc
Some important buildings, monuments, etc
Use the passage about Beijing to help you.

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IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING

BE WAS/WERE BEEN SER /ESTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME LLEGAR A SER
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN ROMPER
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ELEGIR
COME CAME COME VENIR
COST COST COST COSTAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DO DID DONE HACER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER
DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN CONDUCIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAER
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLAR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR
GET GOT GOT CONSEGUIR
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GROW GREW GROWN CRECER/PLANTAR
HAVE HAD HAD TENER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OIR

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 INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING

KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER/CONOCER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT SALIR/MARCHARSE
LIGHT LIT LIT ENCENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE HACER
MEET MET MET QUEDAR/CONOCER
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT PONER
READ READ READ LEER
RIDE RODE RIDDEN MONTAR
RING RANG RUNG SONAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAY SAID SAID DECIR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SING SANG SUNG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTARSE
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT PASAR/GASTAR
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR/COGER
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSEÑAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DECIR/CONTAR
THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT PENSAR
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER
WEAR WORE WORN LLEVAR PUESTO
WIN WON WON GANAR
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR

100
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