I.

DIRECCION 0°

135° 90° 45°

0°
 VARIOGRAMA

1. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO
n

∑ xi
x́= i=1
n
1+0.9+0.7+ 0.2+ 0.4+0.2+0.4 +0.6+ 0.7+0.8+0.7 +0.6+0.5+ 0.4+0.1+0
x́=
47
0.7+1+0.7+ 0.9+0.8+0.8+ 0.7+0.9+0.9+ 0.9+ 0.7+1+0.9+ 0.9+ 0.5+0.6
47
1.4+1.5+1.4+ 1.1+ 1.1+1.3+ 1.2+ 1+1.6 +1.2+ 1.4+1.2+1.1+0.9+0.8
47
x́=0.83617

∑ ( xi −x́ ) 2
σ 2= i=1
n
σ 2=( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.9−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.2−0.83617 )2 + ¿ ¿
47
( 0.4−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.2−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.4−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.6−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2+ ¿ ¿
47
( 0.8−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.6−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.5−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.4−0.83617 )2 + ¿ ¿
47
( 0.1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ¿ ¿
47
( 0.9−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.8−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.8−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.9−0.83617 )2
47
( 0.9−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.9−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2+ ( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.9−0.83617 )2
47
( 0.9−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.5−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.6−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.4−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.5−0.83617 )2
47
( 1.4−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.1−0.83617 )2 + ( 1.1−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.3−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.2−0.83617 )2
47
( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 1.6−0.83617 )2 + ( 1.2−0.83617 )2+ (1.4−0.83617 )2+ (1.2−0.83617 )2
47
( 1.1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.9−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.8−0.83617 )2
47

σ 2=0.12954
σ =√ σ 2
σ =√ 0.12954=0.35992

σ
C . V .=
x́
0.35992
C . V .= =0.43044
0.83617

HISTOGRAMA DE FRECUENCIAS

HISTOGRAMA
9

6
FRECUENCIA

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
LEYES

SOLUCION:

Cálculo del variograma para la dirección de 00º

Ecuación del variograma

N ( h́)
1 2
γ ( h́ ) = [
∑ z ( x́ i )−z ( x́ i+ h́ )
2 N ( h́ ) i=1
]
Donde:

γ ( h́ ) : Variograma para dos puntos separados a una distancia |h́| y en una dirección h⃗ .

N ( h́ ) : Numero de pares o parejas de muestras separados a una distancia |h́| .

z ( x́i ) ; z ( x́i + h́ ) : Son los valores de la primera y segunda muestra en el i-esimo par.

x́ i : Posición de la primera muestra.

x́ i+ h́ : Posición de la segunda muestra.

Reemplazando en la Ecuación tenemos:

 Si h = 10 m

( 1−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−0.7 )2 + ( 0.4−0.2 )2 + ( 0.2−0.4 )2

γ ( h=10 m )=
2× 36

+ ( 0.6−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−0.8 )2 + ( 0.8−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−0.6 )2 + ( 0.6−0.5 )2 + ( 0.5−0.4 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.4−0.1 )2+ ( 0.1−0 )2+ ( 0.7−1 )2 + ( 0.7−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−0.8 )2+ ( 0.8−0.8 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.8−0.7 )2+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−1 )2+ ( 1−0.9 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−0.5 )2 + ( 0.5−0.6 )2 + ( 1.5−1.4 )2 + ( 1.4−1.1 )2+ (1.1−1.1 )2

2× 36

+ ( 1.1−1.3 )2 + ( 1.3−1.2 )2 + ( 1.2−1 )2 + ( 1.2−1.4 )2 + ( 1.4−1.2 )2+ ( 1.2−1.1 )2

2× 36

+ ( 1.1−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−0.8 )2
2× 36
 γ ( h=10 m )=0.0150

 Si h = 20 m

( 1−0.7 )2+ ( 0.7−0.2 )2+ ( 0.2−0.4 )2+ ( 0.4−0.4 )2

γ ( h=20 m )=
2 ×33

+ ( 0.6−0.8 )2+ ( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.8−0.6 )2 + ( 0.7−0.5 )2 + ( 0.6−0.4 )2 + ( 0.5−0.1 )2

2 ×33

+ ( 0.4−0 )2 + ( 1−0.7 )2+ ( 0.7−0.8 )2+ ( 0.9−0.8 )2+ ( 0.8−0.7 )2+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2
2× 33

+ ( 0.9−0.7 )2+ ( 0.9−1 )2 + ( 0.7−0.9 )2 + ( 1−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−0.5 )2 + ( 0.9−0.6 )2

2 ×33

+ ( 1.4−1.5 )2+ (1.5−1.1 )2+ ( 1.4−1.1 )2 + ( 1.1−1.3 )2+ (1.1−1.2 )2+ (1.3−1 )2
2 ×33

+ ( 1.6−1.2 )2 + ( 1.2−1.2 )2 + ( 1.4−1.1 )2+ ( 1.2−0.9 )2 + ( 1.1−0.8 )2

2 ×33

γ ( h=20 m )=0.0327

 Si h = 30 m

( 0.9−0.2 )2+ ( 0.2−0.2 )2 + ( 0.6−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−0.6 )2

γ ( h=30 m )=
2 ×30

+ ( 0.8−0.5 )2+ ( 0.7−0.4 )2 + ( 0.6−0.1 )2+ ( 0.5−0 )2+ ( 0.7−0.7 )2+ ( 0.1−0.9 )2
2× 30

+ ( 0.7−0.8 )2+ ( 0.9−0.7 )2+ ( 0.9−0.7 )2+ ( 0.9−1 )2 + ( 0.9−0.9 )2+ ( 0.7−0.9 )2
2×30

+ ( 1−0.5 )2 + ( 0.9−0.6 )2 + ( 1.4−1.4 )2 + ( 1.5−1.1 )2+ ( 1.4−1.3 )2 + ( 1.1−1.2 )2

2× 30

+ ( 1.1−1 )2 + ( 1.6−1.4 )2+ ( 1.2−1.1 )2+ ( 1.4−0.9 )2+ ( 1.2−0.8 )2

2× 30
 γ ( h=30 m )=0.0431

 Si h = 40 m

(1−0.2 )2+ ( 0.7−0.4 )2 + ( 0.2−0.4 )2 + ( 0.6−0.6 )2

γ ( h=40 m )=
2× 23

+ ( 0.7−0.5 )2+ ( 0.8−0.4 )2 + ( 0.7−0.1 )2+ ( 0.6−0 )2+ ( 0.7−0.9 )2+ (1−0.9 )2
2× 23

+ ( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.9−1 )2 + ( 0.9−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−0.9 )2+ ( 0.7−0.5 )2+ ( 1−0.6 )2

2 ×23

+ ( 1.4−1.1 )2 + ( 1.5−1.3 )2+ ( 1.4−1.2 )2 + ( 1.1−1 )2+ ( 1.6−1.2 )2

2× 23

+ ( 1.2−0.9 )2 + ( 1.4−0.8 )2
2× 23

γ ( h=40 m )=0.0602

 Si h = 50 m

( 0.9−0.4 )2 + ( 0.7−0.2 )2 + ( 0.6−0.5 )2 + ( 0.7−0.4 )2

γ ( h=50 m )=
2 ×17

+ ( 0.8−0.1 )2+ ( 0.7−0 )2+ ( 0.7−0.8 )2+ ( 1−0.8 )2 + ( 0.9−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2
2 ×17

+ ( 0.9−0.5 )2+ ( 0.7−0.6 )2+ (1.4−1.1 )2 + ( 1.5−1.2 )2+ ( 1.4−1 )2

2 ×17

+ ( 1.6−1.1 )2 + ( 1.2−0.8 )2
2 ×17

γ ( h=50 m )=0.0750
  Si h = 60 m

( 1−0.4 )2 + ( 0.9−0.2 )2+ ( 0.7−0.4 )2 + ( 0.6−0.4 )2 + ( 0.7−0.1 )2

γ ( h=60 m )=
2× 14

( 0.8−0 )2 + ( 0.7−0.8 )2 + ( 1−0.7 )+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−0.5 )2 + ( 0.9−0.6 ) + ¿ ¿

2 X 14

( 1.4−1.3 )2+ ( 1.5−1 )2+ ( 1.6−0.9 )2

2 X 14

γ ( h=60 m )=0.110

 Si h = 70 m

( 1−0.2 )2 + ( 0.9−0.4 )2+ ( 0.6−0.1 )2 + ( 0.7−0 )2 + ( 0.7−0.7 )2

γ ( h=70 m )=
2 ×9

( 0.9−0.5 )2+ ( 0.9−0.6 )2 + ( 1.4−1.2 )2 + ( 1.6−0.8 )2

2 X9

γ ( h=70 m )=0.1422

 Si h = 80 m

( 1−0.4 )2 + ( 0.6−0 )2 + ( 0.9−0.6 )2 + ( 1.4−1 )2

γ ( h=80 m )=
2× 4

γ ( h=80 m )=0.1213
VARIOGRAMA DE LAS LEYES DEL MINERAL

h ꙋ
10 0.01500
20 0.03273
30 0.04315
40 0.06022
50 0.07500
60 0.11000
70 0.14222
80 0.12125

VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL
0.160

0.140

0.120

0.100

0.080
ɣ

0.060

0.040

0.020

0.000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
h
 MODELIZACIÓN TEÓRICA DEL VARIOGRAMA

MODELO ESFERICO O MODELO DE MATHERON

La ecuación del modelo es la siguiente:

3 h 1 h3

{ [ ]
γ ( h )= 0 1 2 a − 2 a 3 ; ∀ h ≤a
c +c

c0 + c1 ; ∀ h>a

Donde:

γ ( h ) = variograma

c 0 = efecto pepita

C=c 0 +c 1 = meseta = varianza

a = alcance

h = paso

PARA NUESTRO CASO TENEMOS:

C=σ 2=0.12954

a=60 m

APLICANDO MÍNIMOS CUADRARDOS

 LINEA DE TENDENCIA
0.070

0.060
f(x) = 0 x + 0
0.050

0.040

0.030

0.020

0.010

0.000
0 10 20 30 40 50

C 0=0.0013

C 1=C−C0 =0.12954−0.0013=0.12824

HACIENDO USO DE LA FORMULA DEL MODELO ESFÉRICO O MODELO DE

MATHERON
3 1 3
γ ( h )=C 0 +C1∗
2
a(
∗h
2
∗h
)
− 3 … … … ∀ h≤ a
a

γ ( h )=C 0 +C1 … … … ∀ h>a

TENEMOS:

3
3 x 0 1 (0)
γ ( h=0 m )=0.0013+0.12824
[ −
2 x 60 2 (60)3 ]
=0.0013

3
3 x 10 1 (10)
γ ( h=10 m )=0.0013+ 0.12824
[ −
2 x 60 2 (60)3 ]
=0.0331

3
3 x 20 1 (20)
γ ( h=20 m )=0.0013+ 0.12824 −
[
2 x 60 2 (60)3
=0.0630
]
 3
3 x 30 1 (30)
γ ( h=30 m )=0.0013+ 0.12824
[ −
2 x 60 2 (60)3 ]
=0.0895

3
3 x 40 1 (40)
γ ( h=40 m )=0.0013+0.12824
[ −
2 x 60 2 (60)3
=0.1105
]
3
3 x 50 1 (50 )
γ ( h=50 m )=0.0013+ 0.12824
[ −
]
2 x 60 2 ( 60 )3
=0.1245

3
3 x 60 1 (60)
γ ( h=60 m )=0.0013+ 0.12824
[ −
2 x 60 2 (60)3 ]
=0.1295

γ ( h=70 m )=0.0013+ 0.12824=0.1295

γ ( h=80 m )=0.0013+0.12824=0.1295

VARIOGRAMA
EXPERIMENTAL VARIOGRAMA TEORICO
DIRECCION 0° DIRECCION 0°
h ꙋ C h ꙋ C
0m 0.0021 0.12954 0m 0.0013 0.12954
10 m 0.0150 0.12954 10 m 0.0331 0.12954
20 m 0.0327 0.12954 20 m 0.0630 0.12954
30 m 0.0431 0.12954 30 m 0.0895 0.12954
40 m 0.0602 0.12954 40 m 0.1105 0.12954
50 m 0.0750 0.12954 50 m 0.1245 0.12954
60 m 0.1100 0.12954 60 m 0.1295 0.12954
70 m 0.1422 0.12954 70 m 0.1295 0.12954
80 m 0.1213 0.12954 80 m 0.1295 0.12954
 MODELAMIENTO DE VARIOGRAMA
0.16

0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.00
0m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m
VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL VARIANZA
VARIOGRAMA TEORICO

II. DIRECCION 45°

 135° 90° 45°

0°

VARIOGRAMA

 ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO
n

∑ xi
x́= i=1
n
1+0.9+0.7+ 0.2+ 0.4+0.2+0.4 +0.6+ 0.7+0.8+0.7 +0.6+0.5+ 0.4+0.1+0
x́=
47
0.7+1+0.7+ 0.9+0.8+0.8+ 0.7+0.9+0.9+ 0.9+ 0.7+1+0.9+ 0.9+ 0.5+0.6
47
1.4+1.5+1.4+ 1.1+ 1.1+1.3+ 1.2+ 1+1.6 +1.2+ 1.4+1.2+1.1+0.9+0.8
47
x́=0.83617

∑ ( xi −x́ ) 2
σ 2= i=1
n
σ 2=( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.9−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.2−0.83617 )2 + ¿ ¿
47
( 0.4−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.2−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.4−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.6−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2+ ¿ ¿
47
( 0.8−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.6−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.5−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.4−0.83617 )2 + ¿ ¿
47
( 0.1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2 + ¿ ¿
47
( 0.9−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.8−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.8−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.9−0.83617 )2
47
( 0.9−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.9−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.7−0.83617 )2+ ( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.9−0.83617 )2
47
( 0.9−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.5−0.83617 )2+ ( 0.6−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.4−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.5−0.83617 )2
47
( 1.4−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.1−0.83617 )2 + ( 1.1−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.3−0.83617 )2+ ( 1.2−0.83617 )2
47
( 1−0.83617 )2 + ( 1.6−0.83617 )2 + ( 1.2−0.83617 )2+ (1.4−0.83617 )2+ (1.2−0.83617 )2
47
( 1.1−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.9−0.83617 )2 + ( 0.8−0.83617 )2
47

σ 2=0.12954

σ =√ σ 2
σ =√ 0.12954=0.35992
σ
C . V .=
x́
0.35992
C . V .= =0.43044
0.83617
CÁLCULO DEL VARIOGRAMA PARA LA DIRECCIÓN DE 90º

SABEMOS QUE:

ECUACIÓN DEL VARIOGRAMA

N ( h́)
1 2
γ ( h́ ) = [
∑ z ( x́ i )−z ( x́ i+ h́ )
2 N ( h́ ) i=1
]
Donde:

γ ( h́ ) : Variograma para dos puntos separados a una distancia |h́| y en una dirección h⃗ .

N ( h́ ) : Numero de pares o parejas de muestras separados a una distancia |h́| .

z ( x́i ) ; z ( x́i + h́ ) : Son los valores de la primera y segunda muestra en el i-esimo par.

x́ i : Posición de la primera muestra.

x́ i+ h́ : Posición de la segunda muestra.

 Para=γ ( h=14 .14 m)

1
¿ [ (0.7−0.9)2+(0.9−1.5)2 +(1.5−1.4)2 +(0.6−1)2 +(1−0.9)2+(0.9−1.4)2+(1.4−1.2)2 +(1−0.7)2 +( 0.
2(31)

1
γ ( h=14.14 m) = ( 2.620)
2 ( 31 )

γ ( h=14.14 m ) =0.0423

 para=γ ( h=28.28 m )

1
¿ [ (0.9−1.2)2 +(0.7−1.5)2 +(0.9−1.4)2 +(0.6−0.9)2 +(1−1.4)2+(0.9−1.2)2 +(0.7−0.7)2+(0.7−1.1)2 +
2 ( 22 )

1
γ ( h=28.28 m )= (2.670)
2 ( 22 )

γ ( h=28.28 m )=0.0607
  para=γ ( h=42.42 m )

1
¿ [(0.7−1.4)2 +(0.6−1.4)2+(1−1.2)2+(1−0.7)2+(0.7−1.1)2 +(0.9−1)2+(0.8−1.1)2 +(0.7−0.9)2 +(0.7
2 ( 14 )

1
γ ( h=42.42 m)= (2.670)
2 ( 14 )

γ ( h=42.42 m)=0.0954

 para=γ ( h=56.56 m )

1
¿ [(0.6−1.2)2+(1−1.1)2+(0.7−1.1)2+(0.9−1.1)2 +( 0.8−0.9)2 +(0.7−1.3)2+(0.7−0.8)2 +(0.2−1)2 ]
2( 8 )

1
γ ( h=56.56 m )= (1.590)
2 (8)

γ ( h=56.56 m )=0.0994

 para=γ ( h=70.7 m )

1
¿ [(1−1.1)2 +(0.9−0.9)2+(0.7−0.8)2 ]
2( 3)

1
para=γ ( h=70.7 m )= (0.020)
2( 3)

para=γ ( h=70.7 m )=0.0033

h ꙋ
14.14 m 0.04226
28.28 m 0.06068
42.42 m 0.09536
56.56 m 0.09938
70.70 m 0.00333
 VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL
0.120

0.100

0.080

0.060

0.040

0.020

0.000
0.00 m 14.14 m 28.28 m 42.42 m 56.56 m 70.70 m 84.84 m

MODELO ESFÉRICO O MODELO DE MATHERON

La ecuación del modelo es la siguiente:

3 h 1 h3
γ ( h )=
{
c 0 +c
[1 −
2 a 2 a3 ] ; ∀ h ≤a

c0 + c1 ; ∀ h>a

Donde:
γ ( h ) = variograma
c 0 = efecto pepita
C=c 0 +c 1 = meseta = varianza
a = alcance
h = paso
PARA EL CASO DE LA LEY

C=σ 2=0.1236

APLICANDO MÍNIMOS CUADRADOS

 LINEA DE TENDENCIA
0.120

0.100 f(x) = 0 x + 0.02

R² = 0.93

0.080

0.060

0.040

0.020

0.000
10.00 m 15.00 m 20.00 m 25.00 m 30.00 m 35.00 m 40.00 m 45.00 m 50.00 m 55.00 m 60.00 m

Y =0.0015∗X+ 0.0229

C 0=0.0229
C 1=C−C0 =0.12954−0.0229=0.10664
a=56.56

3
3 x 10 1 (14.14)
γ ( h=14.14 )=0.0229+ 0.10664
[ −
2 x 40 2 (56.56)3
=0.0621
]
3
3 x 20 1 (20)
γ ( h=28.28 )=0.0229+0.10664
[ −
2 x 40 2 (56.56)3
=0.0962
]
3
3 x 30 1 (30)
γ ( h=42.42 )=0.0229+0.10664
[ −
2 x 40 2 (56.56)3
=0.1204
]
3
3 x 40 1 (56.56)
γ ( h=56.56 )=0.0229+0.10664
[ −
2 x 40 2 (56.56)3
=0.1295
]
γ ( h=70.7 )=0.0229+0.10664=0.1295

VARIOGRAMA
VARIOGRAMA TEORICO EXPERIMENTAL
DIRECCION 45° DIRECCION 45°
h ꙋ C h ꙋ C
0m 0.0229 0.12954 0m 0.0021 0.12954
 14.14 m 0.0621 0.12954 14.14 m 0.0423 0.12954
28.28 m 0.0962 0.12954 28.28 m 0.0607 0.12954
42.42 m 0.1204 0.12954 42.42 m 0.0954 0.12954
56.56 m 0.1295 0.12954 56.56 m 0.0994 0.12954
70.70 m 0.1295 0.12954 70.70 m 0.0033 0.12954

MODELAMIENTO DE VARIOGRAMA
0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.00
0m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m
VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL VARIANZA
VARIOGRAMA TEORICO

III. DIRECCION 90°

VARIOGRAMA

1. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO
n

∑ xi
x́= i=1
n
1+0.9+0.7+ 0.2+ 0.1+ 0.2+0.4+ 0.6+0.7+ 0.8+ 0.7+0.6+ 0.5+0.4+ …+0.8
x́=
47
x́=0.82978723

∑ ( xi −x́ ) 2
σ 2= i=1
n
 ( 1−0.8298 )2 + ( 0.9−0.8298 )2+ ( 0.7−0.8298 )2+ …+ ( 0.8−0.8298 )2
σ 2=
47
σ 2=0.139963

σ =√ σ 2
σ =√ 0.13698506=0.37411629

σ
C . V .=
x́
0.37011493
C . V .= =0.45085809
0.82978723

135° 90° 45°

0°

SOLUCION:

CÁLCULO DEL VARIOGRAMA PARA LA DIRECCIÓN DE 90º

SABEMOS QUE:

ECUACIÓN DEL VARIOGRAMA

N ( h́)
1 2
γ ( h́ ) = [ ]
∑ z ( x́ i )−z ( x́ i+ h́ )
2 N ( h́ ) i=1

Donde:
γ ( h́ ) : Variograma para dos puntos separados a una distancia |h́| y en una dirección h⃗ .

N ( h́ ) : Numero de pares o parejas de muestras separados a una distancia |h́| .

z ( x́i ) ; z ( x́i + h́ ) : Son los valores de la primera y segunda muestra en el i-esimo par.

x́ i : Posición de la primera muestra.

x́ i+ h́ : Posición de la segunda muestra.

135° 90° 45°

0°

Reemplazando en la Ecuación tenemos:

Si h = 10 m
 ( 1−0.6 )2+ ( 0.6−0.7 )2+ ( 0.7−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−1.4 )2
γ ( h=10 m )=
2 ×36

+ ( 1.4−1.6 )2+ ( 0.9−0.7 )2+ ( 0.7−1 )2 + ( 1−0.9 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.7−0.8 )2+ ( 0.9−1.5 )2 + ( 1.5−1.2 )2+ ( 0.7−0.7 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−1.4 )2 + ( 1.4−1.4 )2 + ( 0.2−0.6 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.6−0.9 )2+ ( 0.9−1 )2 + ( 1−1.1 )2 + ( 1.1−1.2 )2

2× 36

+ ( 0.5−0.8 )2+ ( 0.8−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−1.1 )2+ ( 1.1−1.1 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.4−0.4 )2 + ( 0.4−0.8 )2+ ( 0.8−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−1.3 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 1.3−0.9 )2 + ( 0.2−0.1 )2+ ( 0.1−0.7 )2+ ( 0.7−0.5 )2

2 ×36

+ ( 0.5−1.2 )2 + ( 1.2−0.8 )2+ ( 0.4−0 )2 + ( 0.6−1 )2

2 ×36

γ ( h=10 m )=¿0.0539

Si h = 20 m

( 1−0.7 )2+ ( 0.6−0.9 )2+ ( 0.7−1.4 )2+ ( 0.9−1.6 )2

γ ( h=20 m )=
2 ×27

+ ( 0.9−1 )2 + ( 0.7−0.9 )2 + ( 0.8−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−1.2 )2

2 ×27

+ ( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−1.4 )2 + ( 0.7−1.4 )2 + ( 0.2−0.9 )2

2 ×27
 + ( 0.6−1 )2 + ( 0.9−1.1 )2+ ( 1−1.2 )2+ ( 0.5−0.9 )2
2× 27

+ ( 0.8−1.1 )2 + ( 0.9−1.1 )2+ ( 0.1−0.8 )2 + ( 0.4−0.9 )2

2 ×27

+ ( 0.8−1.3 )2+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2 + ( 0.2−0.7 )2 + ( 0.1−0.5 )2

2 ×27

+ ( 0.7−1.2 )2 + ( 0.5−0.8 )2 + ( 0−0.6 )2

2× 27

γ ( h=20 m )=0.0941

Si h = 30 m

( 1−0.9 )2+ ( 0.6−1.4 )2+ ( 0.7−1.6 )2+ ( 0.9−0.9 )2

γ ( h=30 m )=
2 ×21

+ ( 0.7−0.9 )2+ ( 0.8−1.5 )2 + ( 0.7−1.4 )2+ ( 0.7−1.4 )2

2 ×21

+ ( 0.2−1 )2 + ( 0.6−1.1 )2+ ( 0.9−1.2 )2 + ( 0.5−1.1 )2

2 ×21

+ ( 0.8−1.1 )2 + ( 0.1−0.9 )2+ ( 0.4−1.3 )2+ ( 0.8−0.9 )2

2× 21

+ ( 0.2−0.5 )2 + ( 0.1−1.2 )2+ ( 0.7−0.8 )2+ ( 0.4−0.6 )2

2× 21

( 0−1 )2
+¿
2 ×21

γ ( h=30 m )=0.1614

Si h = 40 m

(1−1.4 )2 + ( 0.6−1.6 )2 + ( 0.7−1.5 )2 + ( 0.8−1.2 )2

γ ( h=40 m )=
2 ×13
 + ( 0.7−1.4 )2 + ( 0.2−1.1 )2 + ( 0.6−1.2 )2+ ( 0.5−1.1 )2
2 ×13

+ ( 0.1−1.3 )2 + ( 0.4−0.9 )2 + ( 0.2−1.2 )2+ ( 0.1−0.8 )2

2 ×13

+ ( 0.4−1 )2
2 ×13

γ ( h=40 m )=0.2721

Si h = 50 m

( 1−1.6 )2+ ( 0.7−1.2 )2 + ( 0.2−1.2 )2 + ( 0.1−0.9 )2

γ ( h=50 m )=
2 ×5

+ ( 0.2−0.8 )2
2× 5

γ ( h=50 m )=0.2220

VARIOGRAMA DE LAS LEYES DEL MINERAL

h ꙋ
10 0.05389
20 0.09407
30 0.16143
40 0.27208
50 0.22200
 VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL
0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050

0.000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

MODELIZACIÓN TEÓRICA DEL VARIOGRAMA

MODELO ESFERICO O MODELO DE MATHERON

La ecuación del modelo es la siguiente:

3 h 1 h3

{ [ ]
γ ( h )= c 0 +c 1 2 a − 2 a 3 ; ∀ h ≤a
c0 + c1 ; ∀ h>a

Donde:

γ ( h ) = variograma

c 0 = efecto pepita

C=c 0 +c 1 = meseta = varianza

a = alcance

h = paso

PARA NUESTRO CASO TENEMOS:

C=σ 2=0.12954
a=20 m

APLICANDO MÍNIMOS CUADRARDOS

LINEA DE TENDENCIA
12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000
5 10 f(x) = 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

C 0=0.0137

C 1=C−C0 =0.12954−0.0137=0.1154

HACIENDO USO DE LA FORMULA DEL MODELO ESFÉRICO O MODELO DE

MATHERON

TENEMOS:

3
3 x 0 1 (0)
γ ( h=0 m )=0.0137+0.11584
[ −
]
2 x 20 2 ( 20)3
=0.0137
 3
3 x 10 1 (10)
γ ( h=10 m )=0.0137+0.11584
[ −
2 x 20 2 (20)3]=0.0944

3
3 x 20 1 (20)
γ ( h=20 m )=0.0137+0.11584
[ −
2 x 20 2 (20)3]=0.1295

PARA h MAYORES A 20 m γ ( h )=C=cte

C=σ 2=0.1295

ENTONCES TENEMOS:

γ ( h=30 m )=0.1295

γ ( h=40 m )=0.1295

γ ( h=50 m )=0.1295

GRÁFICA:

VARIOGRAMA
EXPERIMENTAL VARIOGRAMA TEORICO
DIRECCION 0° DIRECCION 0°
h ꙋ C h ꙋ C
0m 0.017 0.12954 0m 0.0021 0.12954
10 m 0.0944 0.12954 10 m 0.0539 0.12954
20 m 0.1295 0.12954 20 m 0.0908 0.12954
30 m 0.1295 0.12954 30 m 0.1784 0.12954
40 m 0.1295 0.12954 40 m 0.2721 0.12954
40 m 0.1295 0.12954 50 m 0.2220 0.12954
 MODELAMIENTO DE VARIOGRAMA
0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m
VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL VARIANZA
VARIOGRAMA TEORICO

IV. DIRECCION 135°

 135° 90° 45°

0°

a) CÁLCULO DEL VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL:

Sabemos que:
 2
Γ (h )=
∑ [ Z ( Xi+h )−Z ( Xi)]
. .. ..(2 )
2 np
Reemplazando en (2) tenemos:

Si h = 14.142

( 0.9−0.6 )2 + ( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.8−1 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2 ×32

( 1−0.9 )2+ ( 0.2−0.7 )2 + ( 0.9−1.4 )2 + ( 0.6−0.7 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2 ×32

( 0.7−0.9 )2 + ( 0.1−0.5 )2+ ( 0.5−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−0.7 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2 ×32

( 0.7−1.5 )2 + ( 0.2−0.4 )2 + ( 0.4−0.8 )2 + ( 0.8−1 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2 ×32

( 1−1.4 )2+ ( 1.4−1.2 )2 + ( 0.4−0.1 )2 + ( 0.1−0.8 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2× 32

( 0.8−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−1.1 )2 + ( 1.1−1.4 )2 + ( 0−0.7 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2× 32

( 0.7−0.9 )2 + ( 0.9−1.1 )2 + ( 1.1−1.2 )2+ ( 0.5−1.3 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2 ×32

( 1.3−1.1 )2 + ( 0.6−1.2 )2 + ( 1.2−0.9 )2 + ( 1−0.8 )2

γ ( 14.14 )=
2 ×32

γ ( 14.14 )=0.0695

Si h = 28.284

( 0.7−0.7 )2 + ( 0.8−0.9 )2 + ( 0.7−0.9 )2 + ( 0.6−0.9 )2

γ ( 28.284 )=
2 ×21

( 0.9−1.6 )2 + ( 0.1−0.9 )2 + ( 0.5−0.7 )2 + ( 0.9−1.5 )2

γ ( 28.284 )=
2 ×21

( 0.2−0.8 )2+ ( 0.4−1 )2+ ( 0.8−1.4 )2+ (1−1.2 )2

γ ( 28.284 )=
2× 21
 ( 0.4−0.8 )2 + ( 0.1−0.9 )2 + ( 0.8−1.1 )2 + ( 0.9−1.4 )2
γ ( 28.284 )=
2 ×21

( 0−0.9 )2 + ( 0.7−1.1 )2+ ( 0.9−1.2 )2 + ( 0.5−1.1 )2

γ ( 28.284 )=
2× 21

( 0.6−0.9 )2
γ ( 28.284 )=
2× 21

γ ( 28.284 )=0.1202

Si h = 42.42

( 0.2−0.9 )2 + ( 0.7−1.4 )2 + ( 0.7−1.6 )2 + ( 0.1−0.7 )2

γ ( 42.426 ) =
2 ×13

( 0.5−1.5 )2 + ( 0.2−1 )2 + ( 0.4−1.4 )2+ ( 0.8−1.2 )2

γ ( 42.426 ) =
2 ×13

( 0.4−0.9 )2+ ( 0.1−1.1 )2+ ( 0.8−1.4 )2+ ( 0−1.1 )2

γ ( 42.426 ) =
2 ×13

( 0.7−1.2 )2
γ ( 42.426 ) =
2×13

γ ( 42.42 )=0. 29808

Si h = 56.568

( 0.2−1.4 )2+ ( 0.6−1.6 )2 + ( 0.1−1.5 )2+ ( 0.2−1.4 )2

γ ( 56.568 )=
2×8

( 0.4−1.2 )2+ ( 0.4−1.1 )2 + ( 0.1−1.4 )2 + ( 0−1.2 )2

γ ( 56.568 )=
2 ×8

γ ( 56.568 )=0. 58438

Si h = 70.71
 ( 0.2−1.2 )2+ ( 0.4−1.4 )2
γ ( 70.71 )=
2× 2

γ ( 70.71 )=0.5

b) MINIMOS CUADRADOS:

Luego hallamos el efecto pepita (Co) por mínimos cuadrados:

h ꙋ
14.14 m 0.06953
28.28 m 0.12024
42.42 m 0.29808
56.56 m 0.58438
70.70 m 0.50000

VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL
0.700

0.600

0.500

0.400

0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000
0.00 m 14.14 m 28.28 m 42.42 m 56.56 m 70.70 m 84.84 m

MODELIZACIÓN TEÓRICA DEL VARIOGRAMA

MODELO ESFERICO O MODELO DE MATHERON

La ecuación del modelo es la siguiente:

3 h 1 h3

{ [
γ ( h )= 0 1 2 a − 2 a 3 ; ∀ h ≤a
c +c
]
c0 + c1 ; ∀ h>a

Donde:

γ ( h ) = variograma

c 0 = efecto pepita

C=c 0 +c 1 = meseta = varianza

a = alcance

h = paso

PARA NUESTRO CASO TENEMOS:

C=σ 2=0.12954

a=20 m

APLICANDO MÍNIMOS CUADRARDOS

LINEA DE TENDENCIA
12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000 f(x) = 0
10.00 m 15.00
R²m= 0 20.00 m 25.00 m 30.00 m 35.00 m 40.00 m 45.00 m 50.00 m 55.00 m 60.00 m
C 0=0.0188

C 1=C−C0 =0.12954−0.0188=0.11074

c) FINALMENTE REALIZAMOS LA MODELIZACIÓN TEÓRICA:

Para lo cual usamos el modelo esférico:

3
3 h 1 h
γ (h) = C 0 + C
2 [ ( )( ) ( )( ) ]
a
−
2 a
, si h ¿ ¿

Para h = 0

03
γ ( 0 )=0.0188+ 0.11074
[( )(
3
2
0
28.284
−
1
) ( )(
2 28.284 3 )]
γ ( 0 )=0.0188 ………………………..∀ h ≤ a

Para h = 14.142

14.1423
γ ( 14.142 )=0.0188+0.11074
3
2 [( )( 14.142
28.284
−
1
) ( )(
2 28.284
3 )]
γ ( 14.142 )=0.0949 .. .…… ……………∀ h ≤ a

Para h = 28.284

28.2843
γ ( 28.284 )=0.0117+0.126504159
[( )(
3
2
28.284
28.284
−
1
) ( )(
2 28.2843 )]
γ ( 28.284 )=0.1295 …………………… ∀h≤a
Para h = 42.426

γ ( 42.426 ) =0.0188+0.11074

γ ( 42.426 ) =0.1295…… ∀ h>a

Para h = 56.568

γ ( 56.568 )=0.0188+0.11074

γ ( 56.568 )=0.1295……∀ h>a

Para h = 70.71

γ ( 70.71 )=0.0188+0.11074

γ ( 70.71 )=0.1295 ………… ∀ h>a

.
 VARIOGRAMA
VARIOGRAMA TEORICO EXPERIMENTAL
DIRECCION 45° DIRECCION 45°
h ꙋ C h ꙋ C
0m 0.0188 0.12954 0m 0.0021 0.12954
14.14 m 0.0621 0.12954 14.14 m 0.0695 0.12954
28.28 m 0.0962 0.12954 28.28 m 0.1202 0.12954
42.42 m 0.1204 0.12954 42.42 m 0.2981 0.12954
56.56 m 0.1295 0.12954 56.56 m 0.5844 0.12954
70.70 m 0.1295 0.12954 70.70 m 0.5000 0.12954

MODELAMIENTO DE VARIOGRAMA
0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00
0m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m

VARIOGRAMA EXPERIMENTAL VARIANZA

VARIOGRAMA TEORICO