ANÁLISIS Y DISEÑO DE ZAPATAS

Diseño de Zapata Excéntrica

a) Determinación de la Rigidez : σ u =4.20 ton/m² L = 1.20 m A = 1.44 cm²
B = 1.20 m

3
Ø = 1.07 h≥ ØB Ko B E= 15000 f' c
E E= 2173707 Ton/m²

3
h≥ 1.07x 1.20 6000 x 1.20 = 0.19 m
2173707

Se adopta : h = 0.60 m
Peralte : d = h-rec-Ø/2 Ø(pulg) = 1/2''
d= 60.0 - 7.50 - 0.64
d= 51.87 cm

b) Verificación del Esfuerzo Cortante

En X-X En Y-Y
Cortante en la Sección Crítica Cortante en la Sección Crítica
Vud =σu B x Vud =σu L y
d x
x= L-t-d x= B-b-d
x= 1.20 - 0.35 - 0.519 x= 1.20 - 0.30 - 0.519
0.30 0.00 1.20 x= 0.33 m x= 0.38 m
0.35
Vud = 4.20 x 1.20 x 0.33 Vud = 4.20 x 1.20 x 0.38
Vud = 1.67 Ton Vud = 1.92 Ton
1.20
Vud < ØVn Vn =Vc+Vs , Vs =0 Vud < ØVn Vn =Vc+Vs , Vs =0
Vud < ØVc Vc = 0.53 f ' c Bd Vud < ØVc Vc = 0.53 f ' c Ld
Vc = 47.8 Ton Vc = 47.8 Ton
ØVc = 0.85 Vc = 40.6 Ton ØVc = 0.85 Vc = 40.6 Ton

Vud < ØVc Ok CONFORME Vud < ØVc Ok CONFORME

c) Verificación Por Punzonamiento

bo = 2 (t+d/2) + (b+ d)
d/2
bo = 2 ( 0.35 + 0.26 ) + ( 0.30 + 0.519 )
bo = 203.73 cm

0.30 1.20 Ao = (t + d/2)(b + d)

d/2 0.35 Ao = ( 0.35 + 0.26 ) ( 0.30 + 0.52 )
Ao = 0.499 m²

Corte Actuante por Punzonamiento

1.20 Vup = σu (At - Ao )
Vup = 4.20 ( 1.44 - 0.499 )
Vup = 3.95 Ton
At= 1.20 x 1.20 = 1.44 m²
Corte Tomado por el Concreto
β = lado mayor Vc = (0.53 + 1.1/β. ) f' cxb o xd Vc = (1.1 f' c xb o xd )
lado menor Vc = (0.53+1.1/ 1.2) 210 x 204 x 0.52 Vc = 1.1 210 x 204 x 0.52
β= 0.35 = 1.2 Vc = 225.53 Ton Vc = 168.43 Ton
0.30
ØVcp= 0.85 x 168.43
ØVcp= 143.17 Ton

Vup < ØVcp Ok CONFORME

d ) Diseño del Refuerzo.
x= L-t y= B-b
x= 1.20 - 0.35 = 0.85 y= 1.20 - 0.30= 0.90 ##
0.35 x
Wux =B σu Wux = 1.20 x 4.20 = 5.04 ton/m en X-X
Wuy =L σu Wuy = 1.20 x 4.20 = 5.04 ton/m en Y-Y

2
Mux = Wu.x = 5.04 x 0.72 = 1.82 ton/m
2 2

2
Muy = Wu.y = 5.04 x 0.20 = 0.51 ton/m
0.60 m
2 2

Mu
Diseño por Flexión: As = = 1.82 x10^5 =54.49cm²
a
1.20 φfy(d − ) 0.9 x 4200 x(51.87- 2.79)
2
Asfy
a = 54.49 x 4200 =5.57cm
0.85f´cb
= 0.85 x 210 x 120

As mín = 0.0018bd As mín = 0.0018 x 120 x 51.87

As mín = 11.20cm²

el area de acero a colocar es As= 54.49cm²

Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0

separación : usando Ø 1/2''

1.20 s=1.27 x 103.73 =11.15cm usar : Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0
0.30
54.49
0.35
Refuerzo Tranversal :(Y-Y) d = 60.00 - 7.5 - 1.27- 0.64
Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0 d = 50.60 cm

1.20 As mín = 0.0018bd As mín = 0.0018 x 120 x 50.60

As mín = 10.93cm²

Mu = 0.51 x10^5 =0.27cm²

As =
a 0.9 x 4200 x(50.60- 1.07)
φfy(d − )
2
Asfy
a = 10.93 x 4200 =2.14cm
0.85f´cb =
0.85 x 210 x 120

se colocará refuerzo por acero mínimo As= 10.93cm²

separación : usando Ø 1/2'' s= 1.27 x 103.73 =12.02cm usar : Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0

10.93

Diseño de Zapata Centrada

a) Determinación de h por Rigidez :
σ u = 21.38 ton/m² L = 1.20 m A = 1.44 cm²
B = 1.20 m
3
Ø = 1.07 h≥ ØL Ko L
E E= 15000√f'c E= 2173707 Ton/m²

3
h≥ 1.07x 1.20 6000 x 1.20 = 0.19 m
2173707

Se adopta : h= 0.75 m
Peralte : d = h-rec-Ø"/2 Ø(pulg) = 1/2''
d= 75.0 - 7.50 - 0.64
d= 66.87 cm
 b) Verificación del Esfuerzo Cortante
En X-X En Y-Y
Cortante en la Sección Crítica Cortante en la Sección Crítica
d x Vud =σu. B . x Vud =σu. L . Y

0.30 B= 1.20 x = L/2 -a/2 - d x = B/2 -b/2 - d

0.35 x= 0.60 - 0.175 - 0.669 x= 0.60 - 0.150 - 0.669
x= -0.24 m x= -0.22 m
L= 1.20

Vud = 21.38 x 1.20 x -0.24 Vud = 21.38 x 1.20 x -0.22

Vud = -6.25 Ton Vud = -5.61 Ton

Vud < ØVn Vn =Vc+Vs , Vs =0 Vud < ØVn Vn =Vc+Vs , Vs =0

f' c f' c
Vud < ØVc Vc = 0.53 Bd Vud < ØVc Vc = 0.53 Ld
Vc = 61.6 Ton Vc = 61.6 Ton
ØVc = 0.85 Vc = 52.4 Ton ØVc = 0.85 Vc = 52.4 Ton

Vud < ØVc Ok CONFORME Vud < ØVc Ok CONFORME

c) Verificación Por Punzonamiento

d/2
bo = 2 (t+d) + 2 (b+ d)
bo = 2 ( 0.35 + 0.67 ) + 2( 0.30 + 0.67 )
bo = 397.46 cm
0.30 B= 1.20
d/2 0.35 Ao = (t + d)(b + d)
Ao = ( 0.35 + 0.67 ) ( 0.30 + 0.67 )
Ao = 0.987 m²

Corte Actuante por Punzonamiento

L= 1.20 Vup = σu (At - Ao )
Vup = 21.38 ( 1.44 - 0.987 )
At= 1.20 x 1.20 = 1.44 m² Vup = 9.69 Ton
Corte Tomado por el Concreto
β = lado mayor Vc = (0.53 + 1.1/β. ) f' cxb xd
o
lado menor Vc = Vc = (1.1 f' c xb o xd )
β= 0.35 = 1 Vc = (0.53+1.1/ 1.2) 210 x 397 x 0.67 Vc = 1.1 210 x 397 x 0.67
0.30 567.23 Ton Vc = 423.64 Ton

ØVcp= 0.85 x 423.64

ØVcp= 360.09 Ton

Vup < ØVcp Ok CONFORME

e ) Diseño del Refuerzo.

x = L/2 - t/2 y = B/2 - b/2

x x= 0.600 - 0.18 = 0.425 y= 0.600 - 0.15 = 0.450

Wux =B σu Wux = 1.20 x 21.38 = 25.66 ton/m en X-X

Wuy =L σu Wuy = 1.20 x 21.38 = 25.66 ton/m en Y-Y

2
Mux = Wu.x = 25.66 x 0.18 = 2.32 ton/m
2 2

0.75 m 2
Muy = Wu.x = 25.66 x 0.2 = 2.60 ton/m
2 2
Mu
As =
Diseño por Flexión: a = 2.32 x10^5 =8.48cm²
φfy(d − )
2 0.9 x 4200 x(66.87- 0.45)
Asfy
a =
0.85f´cb 8.48 x 4200 =0.91cm
= 0.85 x 210 x 120

As mín = 0.0018bd As mín = 0.0018 x 120 x 66.87

As mín = 14.44cm²

se colocará refuerzo por acero mínimo As= 16.52cm²

 separación : s = 1.27 x 103.73 =9.10cm usar: Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0
usando Ø 1/2'' 14.44

Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0
Refuerzo Tranversal :(Y-Y) d= 75.00 - 7.5 - 1.27- 0.64

0.30
B= 1.20 d = 65.60 cm
0.35
As mín = 0.0018bd As mín = 0.0018 x 120 x 65.60
Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0 As mín = 14.17cm²
Mu
As =
a = 2.60 x10^5 =1.07cm²
φfy(d − )
2 0.9 x 4200 x(65.60- 1.39)
1.20 Asfy
a =
0.85f´cb 14.17 x 4200 =2.78cm
= 0.85 x 210 x 120

se colocará refuerzo por acero mínimo As= 14.17cm²

separación : usando Ø 1/2'' s= 1.27 x 103.73 =9.27cm usar: Ø 1/2'' @ 20.0

14.17
 ZAPATA COMBINADA RECTANGULAR
ACI 318S-08
Cimentación
Columna Izquierda Columna Derecha hf = 1.45 m
Pd = 3500 Kg Pd = 3550 Kg S/C = 200 Kg/m2
Pl = 2450 Kg Pl = 2500 Kg hc = 0.10 m
t1 = 0.30 m t1 = 0.35 m ϒm = 1800 Kg/m3
t2 = 0.35 m t2 = 0.30 m σt = 1.00 Kg/cm2
f'c = 210 Kg/cm2 f'c = 210 Kg/cm2 f'c = 210 Kg/cm2
fy = 4200 Kg/cm2
l1 = 1.80 m

1° Esfuerzo Neto del Terreno

𝜎𝜎𝑛𝑛 = 𝜎𝜎𝑡𝑡 − 𝛾𝛾𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 � ℎ𝑓𝑓 − ℎ𝑐𝑐 � 𝛾𝛾𝑐𝑐− 𝑆𝑆/𝐶𝐶
σn = 0.7 Kg/cm2
𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇
2° Area de la Zapata 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 =
𝜎𝜎𝑛𝑛
Pt = 12000 Kg
Azap = 17143 cm2
Xo = 1.22 m
Lz = 2.44 m 3.22 m
lv = 0.77 m
b = 53.239 cm 1.3 cm

𝑃𝑃1𝑈𝑈 + 𝑃𝑃2𝑈𝑈 𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁

3° Reacción Neta del Terreno 𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 =
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑏
● Por Unidad de Longitud ● Por Unidad de Area

P1u = 5950 Kg W NU = 3726.708 Kg/m

P2u = 6050 Kg b = 1.3 cm
W NU = 3726.7 Kg/m Wnu = 28.67 Kg/cm2
3° Dimensionamiento de la Altura hz de la Zapata

Para una Cuantía ρ = 0.0036 φ = 0.9

ρmin = 0.0018

𝑉𝑉𝑧𝑧 = −𝑃𝑃1𝑈𝑈 + 𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 � 𝑋𝑋𝑂𝑂 = 0 Xo = 1.597 m

Mmáx = -3857.3 Kg-m
𝑋𝑋𝑂𝑂2 𝑡𝑡1
𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 � − 𝑃𝑃1𝑈𝑈 � 𝑋𝑋𝑂𝑂 − d = 150.9 cm
2 2 hz = 75.45 cm hz = 80 cm
𝑀𝑀𝑈𝑈 = ∅ � 𝜌𝜌 � 𝑏𝑏 � 𝑑𝑑2 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 � �1 − 0.59 � 𝜌𝜌

Peralte Efectivo en Tramo Interior

Recubrimiento r= 5 cm d = 74.365 cm Interior
Varillas a Usar φ: 1/2" Interior
Peralte Efectivo en Voladizo
Recubrimiento r= 7.5 cm
Varillas a Usar φ: 1/2" Voladizo d = 71.87 cm Voladizo

4° Verificaciónes

● Por Cortante φ = 0.75

Y1 = 0.894 m Vd1 = 2059.32 Kg

Y2 = 0.919 m Vd2 = 896.584 Kg
Y3 = 0.894 m Vd3 = 190.062 Kg

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 Vu = 2059.3 Kg 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 0.53 � 𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑏𝑏 � 𝑑𝑑

𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = Vn = 2745.76 Kg Vc = 742.501699 Kg
∅
Vn > Vc ……….(Aumentar Peralte)
● Por Punzonamiento φ = 0.75

𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝑃𝑃1𝑈𝑈 − 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 � 𝑡𝑡1 + � 𝑡𝑡2 + 𝑑𝑑 Λ 𝑉𝑉𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝑃𝑃𝑈𝑈𝑈 − 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 � 𝑡𝑡1 + 𝑑𝑑 � 𝑡𝑡2 + 𝑑𝑑
2

4
0.27 � 2 + � 𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 � 𝑑𝑑
𝛽𝛽
𝛼𝛼𝑠𝑠 � 𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 ≤ 0.27 � + 2 � 𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 � 𝑑𝑑
𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜

1.06 � 𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 � 𝑑𝑑

a) Columna Exterior
Vu = -133082 Kg Vn = -177443.09 Kg

Vc1 = 2053.387 Kg
Vc2 = 649886.7 Kg Vc = 1485 Kg
Vc3 = 1485.003 Kg

Vn < Vc ……….(Conforme)

b) Columna Interior
Vu = -321186 Kg Vn = -428247.85 Kg

Vc1 = 2053.387 Kg
Vc2 = 866263.5 Kg Vc = 1485 Kg
Vc3 = 1485.003 Kg

Vn < Vc ……….(Conforme)
5° Diseño por Flexión φ = 0.9
′
𝑀𝑀𝑈𝑈 100 � ∅ � 𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 100 � ∅ � 𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2 − 23600 � ∅ � 𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑈 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2
𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑈 = 𝜌𝜌 =
𝑏𝑏 � 𝑑𝑑2 118 � ∅ � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2

● Refuerzo Superior Mu = 3857.335 Kg-m As = 1.74 cm2

Ru = 53.65 Kg/cm2 Av = 1.27 cm2
ρ = 0.018028 # var = 1.37
ρmin = 0.0018 Esp. S = 25

Usar φ 1/2" @ 25 cm

● Refuerzo Inferior Mu = 1104.783 Kg-m As = 0.43 cm2

Ru = 16.45 Kg/cm2 Av = 1.27 cm2
ρ = 0.004602 # var = 0.34
ρmin = 0.0018 Esp. S = 25
Usar φ 1/2" @ 25 cm

6° Diseño en Dirección Transversal

b1 = 67.18 cm 92 cm
b2 = 109.37 cm 150 cm

2
𝑃𝑃𝑈𝑈 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑡𝑡2
𝑞𝑞𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 � 2
𝑞𝑞𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 =
𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑈𝑈 =
2
● Zapata Exterior

qNU = 457692 Kg/m Diámetro de Varilla φ 1/2"

Mu = 6497.5 Kg-m Av = 1.27 cm2
Ru = 1.28 Kg/cm2 # var = 9.69
ρ = 0.0003 Esp. S = 20 cm
ρmin = 0.0018
As = 12.31 cm2 Usar φ 1/2" @ 20 cm

Refuerzo por Montaje: S= 36 � ∅

s = 45.72 cm
# var = 1 varillas Usar 1 φ 3/8¨¨ @ 20 cm
Esp. S = 20 cm

● Zapata Interior

qNU = 465385 Kg/m Diámetro de Varilla φ 1/2"

Mu = 4791.7 Kg-m Av = 1.27 cm2
Ru = 0.58 Kg/cm2 # var = 15.81
ρ = 0.0002 Esp. S = 20 cm
ρmin = 0.0018
As = 20.08 cm2 Usar φ 1/2" @ 20 cm
 DISEÑO DE VIGA DE CIMENTACION

En dirección X

A B C

C1 C1 C1

5.37 m 2.05 m

COL: C1 C1 C1 σt = 1.00 kg/cm2

b (m) 0.30 0.30 0.35
h (m) 0.35 0.35 0.30 S/C = 200.00 kg/m2
CARGAS
PD (Tn) 3.67 3.50 3.55 ϒRELL = 1.8 Tn/m2
PL (Tn) 3.11 2.45 2.50
MOMENTOS hf = 1.45 m
HORARIO LONGITUDINAL
MD (Tn-m) 5.67 5.14 6.87
ML (Tn-m) 3.25 2.22 4.14
ANTIHORARIO TRANSVERSAL
MD (Tn-m) 5.45 5.80 5.23
ML (Tn-m) 2.44 2.86 2.10
1.45 m

hf

B
1. CALCULO DE σneto

𝜎𝜎𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝜎𝜎𝑡𝑡 − 𝑠𝑠⁄𝑐𝑐 − ℎ𝑓𝑓 (𝛾𝛾𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 )

σ NETO = 7.19 Tn/m2

2. CALCULO DE CARGAS

C1 C2 C3

P (Tn) 6.78 5.95 6.05

M (Tn - m) 8.92 8.66 11.01

3. DIAGRAMA DE CARGAS

P1 P2 P3

0.18 m 5.72 m 2.38 m 0.15 m

Cálculo de Distancia Centro Geométrico = 4.60 m

4. CENTRO GEOMETRICO VC

XVC = 4.21 m

5. VERIFICACION DE EXCENTRICIDAD
𝐿𝐿𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
𝑒𝑒 = 𝑋𝑋𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑋𝑋𝑔𝑔 𝑒𝑒 <
6
e= -0.39 m e < 1.40 m SI CUMPLE
6. AREA DE CIMENTACION

CONSIDERACION N° 01

𝑅𝑅 ACIM = 2.61 m2
𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 ≥
𝜎𝜎𝑁𝑁
BxL= 2.61 m2 , L= 8.42 m
ACIM = 2.61 m2
B= 0.31 m B= 1.00 m
Asumir

CONSIDERACION N° 02
1er Asumir que B = L1 y L2 = L1, si no cumple comenzar a
probar otras dimensiones.

Asumir: L1 = 1.20 m L2 = 1.20 m

L1

0.35 A Cim Calcular ≥ A Cim Necesario

L2
0.9
A Cim Calcular : A1 = L1 x L2
A2 = L3 x b
L3 b
4.10
A1 x N° Col + A2 x N° Vigas
0.43 L1 x L2 x N° Col + L3 x b x N° Vigas
0.35
Asumir: b= 0.30 m

5.76 m2 + 3.69 m2
2.05
9.45 m2
SI CUMPLE

0.30
7. VERIF. DE ESFUERZO TERRENO

𝑅𝑅 6𝑒𝑒
𝜎𝜎 = 1∓
𝐵𝐵 𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
σ1 = 2.53 Tn/m2 < σ NETO = 7.19 Tn/m2

SI CUMPLE

σ2 = 1.44 Tn/m2 < σ NETO = 7.19 Tn/m2

SI CUMPLE
7. DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS

0.18 m 5.72 m 2.38 m 0.15 m

6.78 Tn 5.95 Tn 6.05 Tn

2.53 Tn/m2
1.44 Tn/m2

8. DIAGRAMA DE MOMENTOS

5.44 Tn-m 5.98 Tn-m

1.78 Tn-m 1.81 Tn-m 1.90 Tn-m

8. CALCULO DE REFUERZO
Núme
Momento en A: ø1" ø3/4" ø5/8" ø1/2" ø3/8" As de diseño en Var
5.10 2.85 1.98 1.29 0.71 tracción (cm2) 3
M= 1.78 Tn-m 2 3.96 OK 4
f'c = 210 kg/cm2 5
fy = 4200 kg/cm2 6
φ= 0.90 8
b= 0.30 m 1
ρ= 0.009 1
ρb = 0.0217
ρmax = 0.0024
ρmin = 0.0163
w= 0.19
d= 0.14 m
As = 3.85 cm2
As diseño= 3.96 cm2

USAR : 2 ø5/8"
Momento en AB: ø1" ø3/4" ø5/8" ø1/2" ø3/8" As de diseño en
5.10 2.85 1.98 1.29 0.71 tracción (cm2)
M= 5.44 Tn-m 3 2 7.36 OK
f'c = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
φ= 0.90
b= 0.30 m
ρ= 0.009
ρb = 0.0217
ρmax = 0.0024
ρmin = 0.0163
w= 0.19
d= 0.24 m
As = 6.73 cm2
As diseño= 7.36 cm2

USAR : 3 ø5/8" + 2 ø3/8"

Momento en B: ø1" ø3/4" ø5/8" ø1/2" ø3/8" As de diseño en

5.10 2.85 1.98 1.29 0.71 tracción (cm2)
M= 1.81 Tn-m 2 3.96 OK
f'c = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
φ= 0.90
b= 0.30 m
ρ= 0.009
ρb = 0.0217
ρmax = 0.0024
ρmin = 0.0163
w= 0.19
d= 0.14 m
As = 3.88 cm2
As diseño= 3.96 cm2

USAR : 2 ø5/8"
Momento en BC: ø1" ø3/4" ø5/8" ø1/2" ø3/8" As de diseño en
5.10 2.85 1.98 1.29 0.71 tracción (cm2)
M= 5.98 Tn-m 3 2 7.36 OK
f'c = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
φ= 0.90
b= 0.30 m
ρ= 0.009
ρb = 0.0217
ρmax = 0.0024
ρmin = 0.0163
w= 0.19
d= 0.25 m
As = 7.05 cm2
As diseño= 7.36 cm2

USAR : 3 ø5/8" + 2 ø3/8"

Momento en C: ø1" ø3/4" ø5/8" ø1/2" ø3/8" As de diseño en

5.10 2.85 1.98 1.29 0.71 tracción (cm2)
M= 1.90 Tn-m 3 5.94 OK
f'c = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
φ= 0.90
b= 0.30 m
ρ= 0.009
ρb = 0.0217
ρmax = 0.0024
ρmin = 0.0163
w= 0.19
d= 0.14 m
As = 3.98 cm2
As diseño= 5.94 cm2

USAR : 3 ø5/8"