INT

EG
RAL
ES
RA
CIO
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ES
 INTEGRALES RACIONALES

Resolver las siguientes integrales Racionales

Siendo el numerador P(x) y denominador Q(x)

2 x−1
1 ¿∫ dx
( x−1)(x−2)

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separamos en fracciones parciales:

2 x−1 A B
= +
(x−1)( x−2) (x−1) (x−2)
2 x−1 A ( x−2 ) + B(x−1)
=
(x−1)( x−2) ( x−1)(x−2)
2 x−1= A ( x−2 ) + B(x−1)

 Si: x=2 →3=B

 Si:x=1 →1=−A

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=−1 y B=3

Reemplazando:

2 x−1 −1 3
∫ ( x −1)(x−2) dx =∫ ( x−1) .dx +∫ ( x−2) . dx
2 x−1 dx dx
∫ ( x −1)(x−2) dx =−1∫ (x−1) + 3∫ ( x −2)
2 x−1
∫ ( x −1)(x−2) dx =−1 ln| x−1|+3 ln|x−2|
2 x−1 3 1
∫ ( x −1)(x−2) dx =ln|x−2| −ln|x−1|

( x −2 )3
2 x−1
| |
∫ ( x −1)(x−2) dx =ln ( x−1 ) + k

x .dx
2 ¿∫
( x+1)( x +3)(x+5)
 Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separamos en fracciones parciales:

x A B C
= + +
(x +1)(x +3)( x +5) ( x+1) ( x+3) ( x+5)

x A ( x 2 +8 x+15 ) +B ( x 2 +6 x +5 ) +C ( x 2+ 4 x+ 3)
=
(x +1)(x +3)( x +5) (x +1)( x+3)( x +5)

x= A x 2+ 8 Ax +15 A +Bx 2 +6 Bx +5 B+ Cx2 +4 Cx +3 C

x=x 2 ( A+ B+C ) + x ( 8 A+ 6 B+ 4 C )+ 15 A+ 5 B+3 C

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B+C=0
 8 A+6 B+ 4 C=1
 15 A +5 B+ 3C=0

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

−1 3 −5
∴ A= ; B= y C=
8 4 8

Reemplazando:

x . dx −1/8 3 /4 −5/8
∫ ( x +1)(x+ 3)(x +5) =∫ (x+ 1) dx+∫ (x +3) dx +∫ (x +5) dx
x . dx −1 dx 3 dx 5 dx
∫ ( x +1)(x+ 3)(x +5) = 8 ∫ ( x+ 1) + 4 ∫ (x +3) − 8 ∫ ( x +5)
x . dx −1 3 5
∫ ( x +1)(x+ 3)(x +5) = ln |x +1|+ ln |x +3|− ln |x +5|
8 4 8

x . dx 1
∫ ( x +1)(x+ 3)(x +5) = 8 (−ln| x+1|+ 6 ln|x+ 3|−5 ln|x +5|)

x . dx 1 6 5
∫ ( x +1)(x+ 3)(x +5) = 8 (−ln|x+ 1|+ln|x +3| −ln|x +5| )

x . dx 1 ( x+ 3)6
x 5 + x 4−8
3 ¿∫ 3
x −4 x
∴∫ = ln
. dx(x+1)(x +3)( x+5) 8 (|
( x+5 )5 ( x+1)
+K
|)
Como P ( x )>Q ( x ) ,entonces dividimos el polinomio
 x 5 + x 4−8 2 4 x 2 +16 x−8
→ =x + x +4 +
x 3−4 x x 3−4 x
5 4
4 x 2+16 x−8
∫ xx+3−4
x −8
x
. dx=∫ ( x 2+ x + 4 ) dx +∫ ( x 3−4 x )
dx …(1)

Resolviendo:… α

Separando en fracciones parciales:

4 x 2 +16 x−8 A B C
3
= + +
x −4 x x ( x−2) ( x +2)
2 2 2
4 x 2 +16 x−8 A ( x −4 ) + B ( x + 2 x ) +C (x −2 x )
=
x(x −2)( x +2) x (x−2)( x+ 2)

4 x2 +16 x−8= A x 2−4 A +B x 2 +2 Bx+ C x 2−2Cx

4 x2 +16 x−8=x 2 ( A+ B+C ) + x ( 2 B−2 C ) −4 A

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B+C=4
 2 B−2 C=16
 −4 A=−8

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=2 ; B=5 y C=−3

Reemplazando:

4 x 2 +16 x−8 2 5
∫( 3
x −4 x )dx=∫ dx +∫
x (x−2)
dx +∫
(
−3
x +2)
dx

4 x 2 +16 x−8 dx dx dx
∫( 3
x −4 x )dx=2 ∫ +5 ∫
x ( x−2)
−3∫
( x+2)
4 x 2 +16 x−8
∫( x 3−4 x )dx=2 ln|x|+5 ln|x−2|−3 ln |x +2|

4 x 2 +16 x−8
∫( ) 2 5 3
3
dx=ln |x| + ln |x−2| −ln |x+ 2|
x −4 x
4 x 2 +16 x−8 x 2 (x−2)5
∫( x 3−4 x )dx=ln
|(x+2)3 |
…α
 Reemplazando ∝ en (1)
5 4
4 x 2+16 x−8
∫ xx+3−4
x −8
x
. dx=∫ ( x 2+ x + 4 ) dx +∫ ( x 3−4 x )
dx …(1)

x 5 + x 4−8 x3 x 2 x 2(x −2)5

∴∫ 3
x −4 x
. dx= + + 4 x +¿ ln
3 2 ( x +2)3 |+k ¿
|

x4
4 ¿∫ . dx
(x2 −1)(x +2)

Como P ( x )>Q ( x ) ,entonces dividimos el polinomio

x4 5 x 2−4
→ 2 = x−2 + 3
( )
(x −1)( x +2) x +2 x2−x −2

4
x 5 x 2−4
∫ ( x 2−1)( x +2)
dx=∫ ( x−2 ) dx +∫
( (x 2−1)(x +2) )
dx …(1)

Resolviendo α

Separando en fracciones parciales:

5 x 2−4 A B C
= + +
(x +1)(x −1)( x +2) ( x+1) ( x−1) ( x+ 2)

5 x 2−4 A ( x 2 + x−2 ) + B ( x2 +3 x +2 ) +C ( x2 −1)

=
(x +1)(x −1)( x +2) (x +1)( x−1)( x +2)

5 x 2−4= A ( x 2 + x−2 ) + B ( x 2+3 x +2 ) +C (x 2−1)

5 x 2−4=x 2 ( A+ B+C ) + x ( A+ 3 B ) −2 A+ 2 B−C

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B+C=5
 A+3 B=0
 −2 A +2 B−C=−4

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

 −1 1 16
∴ A= ; B= y C=
2 6 3

Reemplazando:

5 x 2−4 1/6 16 /3
∫ ( x +1)(x−1)( x+2) dx=∫ (−1/2
x+1)
dx +∫
(x−1)
dx +∫
( x +2)
dx

5 x 2−4
∫ ( x +1)(x−1)( x+2) dx= −1
2
∫ ( xdx 1
+ ∫
dx 16
+ ∫
dx
+1) 6 ( x −1) 3 (x+ 2)

5 x 2−4 1 16
∫ ( x +1)(x−1)( x+2) dx= −1
2
ln| x+1|+ ln |x−1|+ ln |x+ 2|
6 3
2
5 x −4 1 16
∫ ( x +1)(x−1)( dx= ( ln |x−1|−3 ln |x +1|) + ln|x +2|
x+2) 6 3
2
5 x −4 1 x−1 16
∫ ( x +1)(x−1)( x+2)
dx=
6 (|
ln
( x+1)3 |)
+ ln| x+2|… α
3

Reemplazando α en (1)
4
x 5 x 2−4
∫ ( x 2−1)( x +2)
dx=∫ ( x−2 ) dx +∫
( )
(x 2−1)(x +2)
dx …(1)

x4 x2 1 x−1 16
∴∫ 2
(x −1)(x +2)
dx=
2
−2 x + ln
6 (|
(x+ 1)3 |)
+ ln |x+ 2|+ K
3

(x−8)
5 ¿∫ . dx
x −4 x 2+ 4 x
3

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separando en fracciones parciales:

(x−8)
x ¿¿

(x−8)
x ¿¿

x−8=x 2 ( A+ B ) + x (−4 A−2 B+C ) +4 A

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B=0
  −4 A−2 B+C=1
 4 A=−8

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=−2 ; B=2 y C=−3

Reemplazando:

(x−8)
x ¿¿
( x −8)
∫ x ¿¿ ¿
( x −8)
∫ x ¿¿ ¿
( x −8)
∫ x ¿¿ ¿
( x −8)
∫ x ¿¿ ¿
( x −8)
∫ x ¿¿ ¿

(x−8)
∴∫ ¿
x¿¿

dx
6 ¿∫ 2
x ( x +1)
Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separamos en fracciones parciales:

1 A B ( 2 x ) +C
= +
x(x +1) x
2
x 2+1
1 A ( x 2 +1 ) + x (B ( 2 x )+C )
=
x(x 2 +1) x (x 2 +1)
1=x 2 ( A +B )+ x ( C )+ A

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B=0
 C=0
 A=1
Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:
 −1
∴ A=1 ; B= y C=0
2
Reemplazando:
−1
( 2 x ) +0
1 1 2
= +
x(x 2 +1) x x 2+ 1
−1
1 1
∫ x (x 2+1) dx=∫ x dx +∫ ( )
2
(2 x)

x 2 +1
dx

1 dx 1 2x
∫ x (x 2+1) dx=1 ∫ − ∫ 2
x 2 ( )
x +1
dx

1 1
∫ x (x 2+1) dx=ln |x|− 2 ln|x 2 +1|
1
∫ x (x 2+1) dx=ln|x|−ln|( x 2+ 1)1 /2|

1 x
∴∫
x (x 2+ 1)
dx=ln
| |
√ x 2 +1
+k

2 x 2−3 x−3
7 ¿∫ dx
( x−1)(x 2−2 x +5)

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separamos en fracciones parciales:

2 x 2−3 x−3 A Bx+C

2
= + 2
(x−1)( x −2 x +5) ( x−1) (x −2 x +5)
2 x 2−3 x−3 A ( x2 −2 x +5 ) +(Bx +C)(x−1)
=
(x−1)( x 2−2 x +5) (x−1)( x 2−2 x +5)
2 x2 −3 x −3= A x 2−2 Ax +5 A + B x 2−Bx+ Cx−C
2 x2 −3 x −3=( A+ B ) x 2+ (−2 A−B +C ) x+(5 A−C)

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B=2
 −2 A−B+C=−3
 5 A−C=−3

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=−1 ; B=3 y C=−2
Reemplazando:

2 x 2−3 x−3 A Bx+C

2
= + 2
(x−1)( x −2 x +5) ( x−1) (x −2 x +5)
2 x 2−3 x−3 −1 3 x−2
∫ ( x −1)(x 2−2 x+ 5) dx=∫ (x−1) dx +∫ 2
( x −2 x+5)
dx

2 x 2−3 x−3
I =∫ dx
( x−1)(x 2−2 x +5)

Entonces:

−1 3 x−2
I =∫ dx +∫ 2 dx
( x−1) ( x −2 x+5)
dx 3x −2
I =−1∫ +∫ 2 dx+∫ 2 dx
( x−1 ) ( x −2 x +5 ) (x −2 x +5)

xdx dx
I =−ln ( x−1 ) +3 ∫ 2
−2∫ 2
( x −2 x +5 ) (x −2 x+5)

1 (2 x−2+ 2)dx dx
I =−ln ( x−1 ) +3. ∫ −2∫ 2
2 2
( x −2 x +5 ) ( x −2 x+1 ) + 4

3 ( 2 x−2 ) dx 2 dx dx
I =−ln ( x−1 ) + ∫ +∫ 2 −2∫ 2
2 ( x −2 x+5 )
2
( x −2 x +5 ) ( x −2 x+1 ) + 4
3 3 dx dx
I =−ln ( x−1 ) + ln ( x 2−2 x +5 ) +2. ∫ −2 ∫
2 2 ( x−1 ) + 4
2
( x−1 )2+ 4

3 1 x−1 1 x−1
I =−ln ( x−1 ) + ln ( x 2−2 x +5 ) +3. arctg
2 2 2 ( )
−2. arctg
2 2 ( )
3 1 x−1
I =−ln ( x−1 ) + ln ( x 2−2 x +5 ) + arctg
2 2 2 ( )
+K

3 1 x−1
I = ln ( x 2−2 x+ 5 )−ln ( x −1 )+ arctg
2 2 2 ( )
+K

3 1 x−1
√
I =ln ( ( x2−2 x +5 ) )−ln ( x−1 ) + arctg
2 2 ( )
+K

[ √ ( x −2 x+5 )
]
2
2 x 2−3 x−3 1 x−1
∴∫
(x−1)(x 2−2 x +5)
dx=ln
( x−1 ) 2 ( )
+ arctg
2
+K
 x3 −6
8 ¿∫ 4 dx
x + 6 x2 +8

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separamos en fracciones parciales

x 3−6 Ax+ B Cx+ D

2 2
= 2 + 2
(x +2)( x +4 ) (x +2) ( x + 4)
x 3−6 ( Ax+ B ) ( x 2+ 4 )+(Cx+ D)(x 2 +2)
=
(x 2 +2)( x 2 +4 ) ( x 2+2)(x 2+ 4)

x 3−6= A x 3+ 4 Ax+ B x2 + 4 B+C x 3+ 2Cx+ D x 2 +2 D

x 3−6=( A+C ) x 3 + ( B + D ) x 2 + ( 4 A +2C ) x+(4 B+2 D)

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+C=1
 B+ D=0
 4 A +2 C=0
 4 B+ 2 D=−6

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=−1 ; B=−3 ; C=2 y D=3

Reemplazando:

x 3−6 Ax+ B Cx+ D

2 2
= 2 + 2
(x +2)( x +4 ) (x +2) ( x + 4)
x 3−6 −x−3 2 x+3
∫ ( x 2 +2)( 2
dx=∫ 2 dx +∫ 2 dx
x + 4) ( x +2) ( x + 4)
x 3−6
I =∫ 2 2
dx
( x + 2)(x +4 )

Entonces:

− xdx dx 2x dx
I =∫ 2
−3 ∫ 2 +∫ 2 +3 ∫ 2
( x + 2) ( x +2 ) ( x + 4) ( x + 4)
−1 2 x . dx dx 2x dx
I= ∫ −3 ∫ 2 +∫ 2 +3∫ 2
2 2
(x + 2) ( x +2 ) ( x + 4 ) (x + 4)
−1 1 x 1 x
I=
2
ln ( x 2 +2 )−3.
√2
arctg( )
√2
+ln ( x 2 +4 ) +3. arctg
2 ()
2

x 3−6 x 2 +4 3 x 3 x
∴∫ 4 2
x +6 x +8
dx=ln
√ x +2 2
2 [
+ arctg
]
− arctg
2 √2 √2
+K () ( )
 dx
9 ¿∫
x 3 +1

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separamos en fracciones parciales:

1 A Bx +C
2
= + 2
(x +1)(x −x +1) ( x+ 1) (x −x+1)
1 A ( x 2−x +1 ) +(Bx +C)( x +1)
=
(x +1)(x 2−x +1) (x+1)(x 2−x +1)
2 2
1= A x − Ax+ A+ B x + Bx +Cx+C

1=( A+ B ) x 2+ (−A + B+C ) x+( A+C )

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B=0
 − A+ B+C=0
 A+C=1

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

1 −1 2
∴ A= ; B= y C=
3 3 3

Reemplazando:

1 A Bx +C
2
= + 2
(x +1)(x −x +1) ( x+ 1) (x −x+1)

dx 1 −x+ 2
∫ ( x +1)(x 2−x+1) =∫ 3(x+ 1) dx+∫ 3(x 2−x +1) dx
dx
I =∫
( x +1)( x 2−x +1)

Entonces:

1 dx 1 xdx 2 dx
I= ∫ − ∫ 2 + ∫ 2
3 (x +1) 3 ( x −x +1 ) 3 ( x −x +1)
 1 1 1 (2 x−1+1)dx 2 dx
I = ln ( x +1 )− . ∫ + ∫
3 3 2 ( x2− x+1 ) 3 1 2 3
( )
x− +
2 4

1 1 ( 2 x −1 ) dx 1 dx 2 dx
I = ln ( x +1 )− ∫ 2 − ∫ 2 + ∫
3 6 ( x −x +1 ) 6 ( x −x +1 ) 3 1 2 3
2

( )
x− +
2 4 √
1 1 1 dx 2 2 2 x−1
I = ln ( x +1 )− ln( x 2−x+ 1)− ∫
3 6 6 1 2
3
2
+
(
3 √3
Arctag
√3 ( ))
( )
x−
2
+
4 √
1 1 2 2 x−1
I=
6
( 2. ln ( x +1 )−ln (x 2−x+1) ) −
6 (√3
Arctag
√3
+
2
3 ( )) ( √23 Arctag ( 2 x−1
√3 ))

(x+1)2
1
I = ln 2
| −
1
6 ( x −x+1) 3 √ 3 |
Arctag
2 x−1
√3
+
4
3 √3 (
Arctag
2 x−1
√3 ) ( )
(x+1)2
1
I = ln 2
|
6 ( x −x+1)
+
1
3 |√
Arctag
2 x−1
√3
+K ( )
(x+ 1)2
∴∫
dx
2
1
= ln 2 +
(x+1)(x −x +1) 6 ( x −x+1) √3
1
|
Arctag
2 x−1
√3
+K
| ( )

3 x−9
10 ¿∫ dx
x + x 2+ 4 x +4
3

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

3 x−9 3 x−9
∫ x 3+ x2 + 4 x+ 4 dx=∫ (x +1)( x2 + 4) dx
Separamos en fracciones parciales:

3 x−9 A Bx+C
2
= + 2
(x +1)(x + 4) (x+1) ( x + 4)
3 x−9 A ( x 2 +4 ) +( BX +C)(x +1)
=
(x +1)(x 2 + 4) (x +1)( x2 + 4)
3 x−9=A x2 + 4 A+ B x2 + Bx+Cx +C
3 x−9=( A + B ) x 2 + ( B+C ) x +( 4 A+C)

Igualando las ecuaciones:

  A+ B=0
 B+C=3
 4 A +C=−9

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

−12 12 3
∴ A= ; B= y C=
5 5 5

Reemplazando:

3 x−9 A Bx+C
2
= + 2
(x +1)(x + 4) (x+1) ( x + 4)
3 x−9 −12 3 (4 x +1)
∫ ( x +1)(x 2
dx =∫ dx +∫ dx
+ 4) 5(x +1) 5( x 2 +4)
3 x−9
I =∫ 2
dx
(x +1)(x +4 )
Entonces:
−12 dx 3 4 x +1
I= ∫ + ∫ 2 dx
5 ( x +1 ) 5 (x + 4)
−12 3 4x 3 1
I= ln ( x+ 1 )+ ∫ 2 dx+ ∫ 2 dx
5 5 ( x +4 ) 5 ( x +4 )
−12 3 1 3 1 x
I=
5
ln ( x+ 1 )+ .4 . ln ( x 2 +4 ) + . arctg
5 2 5 2 () 2
+K

−12 6 3 x
I=
5
ln ( x+ 1 )+ ln ( x 2+ 4 ) + . arctg
5 10 ()
2
+K

6 3 x
I = [−2 ln ( x +1 ) +ln ( x + 4 ) ] + arctg ( ) + K
2
5 10 2

( x2 + 4) 3
3 x−9 6
∫ x 3+ x2 + 4 x+ 4 dx= 5 ln [ ]
( x +1 )
2
+ arctg
10
x
2
+K ()

4. dx
11 ¿∫
x 2 +1

4.dx dx
∫ x 2+1 =4 ∫ x2 +12
Por sustitución trigonométrica

4.dx 1 x
∫ x 2+1 =4 ( x
Arctang( ))
1
 4. dx 4
∴∫ = Arctang ( x )
x 2+ 1 x

x3
12 ¿∫ dx
x 3−1

Como P ( x )>Q ( x ) ,entonces dividimos el polinomio

x3 1
→ 3 =1+ 3
x −1 x −1

x3
∫ x 3−1 d x=∫ dx +∫ x 31−1 dx …(1)
α

Resolviendo α

1 1
∫ x 3−1 dx =∫ ( x−1)( x 2 + x +1)
Separando en fracciones parciales:

1 A Bx+C
2
= + 2
(x−1)( x + x +1) ( x−1) (x + x+1)

1 A Bx+C
2
= + 2
(x−1)( x + x +1) ( x−1) (x + x+1)
−1 A ( x 2 + x+ 1 ) +(Bx+C )( x−1)
=
(x−1)( x 2+ x +1) (x−1)( x2 + x +1)
1= A x 2 + Ax + A+ B x2 −Bx +Cx−C
1=( A+ B ) x 2+ ( A−B+C ) x +( A−C)

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A+ B=0
 A−B+ C=0
 A−C=1

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

1 −1 −2
∴ A= ; B= y C=
3 3 3

Reemplazando:
 1 A Bx+C
2
= + 2
(x−1)( x + x +1) ( x−1) (x + x+1)
1 1
∫ x 3−1 dx =∫ 3(x −1) dx+∫ ¿ ¿ ¿
1 1 dx 1 x 2 dx
∫ x 3−1 dx = 3 ∫ (x−1) − 3 ∫ ( 2 dx− ∫ 2
3 ( x + x +1 )
x + x +1 )
1 1 1 2 x +1−1 2 dx
∫ x 3−1 dx = 3 ln|x−1|− 2. 3 ∫ ( 2 dx− ∫ 2
3 ( x + x +1 )
x + x +1 )
1 1 1 2 x+1 1 dx 2 dx
∫ x 3−1 dx = 3 ln|x−1|− 6 ∫ ( 2 dx + ∫ 2 − ∫ 2
6 ( x + x +1 ) 3 ( x + x+1 )
x + x +1 )
1 1 1 dx1
∫ x 3−1 dx = 3 ln|x−1|− 6 ln|x 2+ x+1|− 2 ∫ 1 2 3
x+ +
2 4 ( )
∫ 31 dx = 16 (2. ln |x−1|−ln|x 2+ x+1|)− 13 Arctang 2 x +1 ( )
x −1 √ √3
( x −1)2
1 1
∫ x 3−1 dx = 6 ln 2 | −
1
( x + x +1 ) √ 3 |
Arctang
2 x +1
√3 (
…α )
Reemplazando en α … (1)
3
∫ x 3x−1 d x=∫ dx +∫ x 31−1 dx …(1)

x3 ( x−1)2
∫ x 3−1 d x=x +
1
6
ln 2 | |−
1
( x + x +1 ) √ 3
Arctang
2 x+1
( √3 )
x 3 + x−1
13 ¿∫ 2
dx
( x 2+ 2 )
Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separando en fracciones parciales:

x3 + x−1 Ax+ B Cx+ D

2
= 2
+ 2
2
( x +2 ) x +2 ( x 2 +2 )

x3 + x−1 ( Ax+ B ) ( x2 +2 ) Cx+ D

2
= 2 +
( x 2 +2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x2 +2 ) ( x 2+2 ) 2

x 3+ x−1= A x 3+ 2 Ax+ Bx 2+ 2 B+Cx+ D

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 x 3+ x−1= A x 3+ Bx 2+ x( 2 A+C )+ 2 B+ D

 A=1
 B=0
 2 A +C=1
 2 B+ D=−1

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=1 ; B=0 ; C=−1 y D=−1

Reemplazando:
3
∫ x +2 x−12 dx=∫ [ Ax+ B Cx+ D
+
x 2 +2 ( x 2 +2 )2 ]
dx
( x +2 )

x 3+ x−1 1 x+ 0 −1 x−1
∫ 2 2
dx= ∫[ +
x2 +2 ( x 2+ 2 )2 ]
dx
( x +2 )
3
∫ x +2 x−12 dx=∫ x 2x+2 dx+∫ −x−1
2 2
dx
( x +2 ) ( x +2 )
3
∫ x +2 x−12 dx=∫ x 2x+2 dx−∫ 2
x
2
1
dx−∫ 2 2 dx
( x +2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x +2 )

x 3+ x−1 x x dx
∫ 2
dx=∫ 2
dx−∫ 2 2 dx−∫ 2 2 …(1)
2
( x +2 ) x +2 ( x +2 ) ( x +2 )

A BC

Halando A:

u=x2 +2 → du=2 xdx

Reemplazando:

x 1 2 xdx
∫ x 2+ 2 dx= 2 ∫ x 2+ 2
x 1 du
∫ x 2+ 2 dx= 2 ∫ u

x 1
∫ x 2+ 2 dx= 2 ln |u|
 x 1
∫ x 2+ 2 dx= 2 ln|x 2 +2|

x
∫ x 2+ 2 dx=ln|√ x 2 +2|

Halando B:

u=x2 +2 → du=2 xdx

x −1 2x
∫ dx= ∫ dx
( x 2+ 2 )
2
2 ( x 2+2 )
2

x −1 2 xdx
∫ dx=
2
( x + 2)
2
2 ∫ ( x 2+2 )2

x 1 du
∫ dx=
2
( x + 2)
2
2 ∫ ( u )2

x 1
∫ dx= ∫ ( u )−2 du
2
( x + 2)
2
2

x −1 u−1
∫
( x 2+ 2 )
2
dx=
2 −1( )
x 1 1
∫ 2
( x + 2)
2
dx=
( )
2 x 2 +2

x 1
∫ 2
dx=
2
( x + 2) 2 ( x2 +2 )

Hallando C:

dx
∫ 2 2
( x + 2)

x=√ 2 tagθ → dx=√ 2 sec 2 θdθ

x
tagθ=
√2
x
senθ=
√ x 2+ 2
senθ= √2
√ x 2+ 2
θ=arctag ( √x2 )
x 2+ 2 x2 +2
secθ= √ → sec 2 θ= → 2 sec 2 θ=x 2 +2
√2 2

dx √ 2 sec 2 θdθ
∫ 2 2 ∫ = 2
( x + 2) ( 2 sec 2 θ )

dx √ 2 sec 2 θdθ
∫ 2 ∫
= 4
4 sec θ
( x 2+ 2 )
dx 2 dθ
∫ =√ ∫
2
2
( x + 2) 4 sec 2 θ

dx 2
∫ = √ ∫ cos 2 θdθ
2
( x + 2) 4
2

dx 2 1−cos 2 θ
∫ =√ ∫
2
dθ
2
( x + 2) 4 2

dx 2
∫ = √ ∫ ( 1−cos 2θ ) dθ
2
( x + 2) 8
2

dx 2 2
∫ = √ ∫ dθ− √ ∫ cos 2 θdθ
2
2
( x + 2) 8 8

dx √ 2(θ) − √2 1 ( cos 2θ ) d 2θ
∫ 2 2
=
8
∫
8 2
( x + 2)
u=2θ → du=2dθ

dx √ 2(θ) − √2 1
∫ 2
( x + 2)
2
=
8 8 ( 2 )∫ ( cosu) du
dx √ 2(θ) − √2 ( cosu ) du
∫ 2 2
=
8
∫
16
( x + 2)

dx √ 2(θ) − √ 2 senu
∫ 2
=
8 16
( x 2+ 2 )
 dx √ 2(θ) − √ 2 sen 2 θ
∫ 2
=
8 8
( x 2+ 2 )

dx √ 2(θ) − √2 ( 2 senθcosθ )
∫ 2 2
=
8 8
( x + 2)

dx 2 x 2 x √2
= √ ar ctag −√
∫
( x + 2) 8
2 2
√ 2 8 x 2 +2 ( ) ( )
dx 1 x x
∫
( x 2+ 2 )
2
=
4 √2
arctag ( ) −
√ 2 4 ( x 2 +2 )
Reemplazando A, B, C en …(1)

x 3+ x−1
∫ 2 2 dx=∫ x 2x+2 dx−∫ 2 x 2 dx−∫ 2dx 2 …(1)
( x +2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x +2 )

x 3+ x−1
∫ 2 2 dx=ln √ x 2 +2+ ( 12 ) − 4 1√ 2 arctag √x2 − ( x2 ) + K ( )
( x +2 ) 2 x +2 4 x +2

3
∫ x +2 x−12 dx=ln √ x 2 +2+ 2−x
2
−
1
( )
arctag
x
+K
( x +2 ) 4 ( x + 2) 4 √ 2 √2

(4 x 2−8 x)
14 ¿ ∫ 2
dx
( x−1 )2 ( x 2 +1 )

Como P ( x )<Q( x)

Separando en fracciones parciales:

( 4 x 2−8 x) A B Cx+ D Ex+ F

2
= + 2
+ 2 +
2
( x−1 ) ( x 2 +1 ) x−1 ( x−1 ) x +1 ( x 2 +1 )2

(4 x2−8 x )
Sea: I =∫ 2
dx
( x−1 )2 ( x2 +1 )

Entonces:
 2 2
A ( x −1 ) ( x 2 +1 ) B ( x2 +1 )
( Cx+ D ) ( x 2 +1 ) ( x−1 )2 ( Ex+ F )( x−1 )2
I= 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
( x−1 )2 ( x 2+1 ) ( x−1 )2 ( x2 +1 ) ( x−1 )2 ( x 2 +1 ) ( x−1 )2 ( x 2+ 1 )
2 2
A ( x −1 ) ( x 2 +1 ) +B ( x 2 +1 ) + ( Cx+ D ) ( x 2+ 1 ) ( x−1 )2 + ( Ex+ F ) ( x−1 )2
I= 2
( x−1 )2 ( x2 +1 )
2 2
4 x2 −8 x=A ( x−1 ) ( x 2 +1 ) + B ( x2 +1 ) + ( Cx+ D ) ( x 2 +1 ) ( x −1 )2+ ( Ex + F ) ( x−1 )2

1 1 x 2−2 x 2−x
I =4∫
[ −1
+ − + +
4 2 ( x−1 ) 4 ( x−1 ) 4 ( x +1 ) 2 ( x 2+ 1 )2
2 2
dx
]
−1 1 1 x 2−2 x 2−x
I =4 ( )
4
∫ dx +4 ∫ 2 ( x−1 )
d x−4 ∫
4 ( x −1 )
dx +4 ∫ 2
4 ( x +1 )
dx +4 ∫
2 ( x2 +1 )
2
dx

1 1 x 2−2 x 2−x
I =−∫ dx +2∫ dx−∫ 2
dx+∫ 2
dx +2∫ 2 2 dx
( x−1 ) ( x −1 ) x +1 ( x + 1)

1 x2 −2 x 2−x
I =−x +2 ln |x−1|−∫ 2
dx +∫ 2
dx+2 ∫ 2 2 dx
( x−1 ) x +1 ( x +1 )
u=x−1→ du=dx

Reemplazando:

1 x 2−2 x 2−x
I =−x +2 ln |x−1|−∫ 2
du+∫ 2
dx +2∫ 2 2 dx
u x +1 ( x +1 )

u−1 x 2−2 x 2−x

I =−x +2 ln |x−1|− ( )
−1
+∫ 2
x +1
dx+2 ∫ 2 2 dx
( x +1 )

1 x 2−2 x 2−x
I =−x +2 ln |x−1|+ ( )
x−1
+∫ 2
x +1
dx +2∫ 2 2 dx
( x + 1)
1
I =−x +2 ln |x−1|+ ( x−1 )+∫ (1+ −2x x+1−1 ) dx+2∫ ( x2−x
2
+1 )
dx
2 2

1
I =−x +2 ln |x−1|+ ( x−1 )+∫ 1dx +∫ −2x x+1−1 dx +2∫ ( x2−x
2
+ 1)
dx 2 2

1
I =−x +2 ln |x−1|+ ( x−1 )+ x−∫ 2xx++11 dx +2∫ ( x2−x
2
+1 )
dx
2 2
 1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−∫ 2xx++11 dx +2∫ ( x2−x
2
+1 )
dx2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−∫ ( x2+1x + x 1+ 1 ) dx+2∫ ( x2−x
2 2
+1 )
dx 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−∫ ( x2+1x + x 1+ 1 ) dx+2∫ ( x2−x
2 2
+1 )
dx
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−∫ x2+1x dx−∫ x 1+1 dx +2∫ ( x2−x+1) dx
2 2 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−∫ x2+1x dx−∫ x 1+1 dx +2∫ ( x2−x+1) dx
2 2 2 2

v=x 2+1 → dv=2 xdx

Reemplazando:

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−∫ dvv −∫ x 1+1 dx +2∫ ( x2−x+1) dx
2 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|v|−∫ x 1+ 1 dx +2∫ ( x2−x
2
+ 1)
dx 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−∫ x 1+1 dx +2∫ ( x2−x+1) dx
2
2 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+2∫ ( x 2+1) dx−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+4 ∫ ( x dx+1 ) −2∫ ( x x+1 ) dx
2
2 2 2 2

Hallando:

dx
∫ 2 2
( x + 1)

x=tagθ → dx=sec 2 θdθ

x
senθ=
√ x 2+1
1
cosθ=
√ x2 +1
θ=arctag ( x )

secθ=√ x 2 +1 → sec 2 θ=x 2+1

1 sec 2 θdθ x
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( )
x −1
−ln|x 2 +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+4 ∫ 2
( tan θ+ 1 )
2
−2∫ 2 2 dx
( x +1 )

1 sec 2 θdθ x
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( )
x −1
−ln|x 2 +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+4 ∫
sec θ4
−2 ∫ 2 2 dx
( x +1 )
1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+4 ∫ secdθ θ −2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+4∫ c os θdθ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2 2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+4 ∫ cos 22θ+1 dθ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+2∫ ( cos 2θ+ 1) dθ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+2∫ cos 2θdθ+ 2∫ dθ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡( x)+2∫ cos 2θdθ+ 2θ−2∫ ( x x+1) dx
2
2 2

w=2 θ →dw=2 dθ

Reemplazando:

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+2 12 ∫ cos 2θ 2 dθ+2 θ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ⁡(x)+∫ cosudw +2θ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ( x )+ senw +2θ−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|−arctan ( x )+ sen 2 θ+2 arctag ( x )−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|+2 senθcosθ +arctag ( x )−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2
 1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|+2( √ xx+1 )( √ x1+ 1 )+arctag ( x )−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2 2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|+ x2+1x +arctag ( x )−2∫ ( x +1x ) dx
2
2 2 2

v=x 2+1 → dv=2 xdx

Reemplazando:
1 2x 2 xdx
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( )
x −1
−ln|x 2 +1|+ 2 +arctag ( x )−∫ 2 2
x +1 ( x +1 )

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|+ x2+1x +arctag ( x )−∫ (dvv )
2
2 2

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|+ x2+1x +arctag ( x ) +( v )
2
2
−1
+K

1
I =2 ln |x−1|+ ( x −1 )−ln|x +1|+ x2+1x +arctag ( x ) + 1v + K
2
2

1
I =ln|( x−1 )2|+ ( x−1 )−ln|x +1|+ x2+1x +arctag ( x ) + x 1+1 + K
2
2 2

(4 x 2−8 x ) 3 x2 −x ( x−1 )2
∫ 2
( x−1 )2 ( x2 +1 )
dx=
( x−1 ) ( x 2+ 1 )
+ | |
ln 2
x +1
+arctag ( x ) ++ K

(4 x 2 +6)
15 ¿∫ dx
x 2+ 3 x

Como P ( x )<Q ( x ) ,entonces :

( 4 x 2+ 6) (4 x 2+ 6)
∫ dx=∫ dx
x3 +3 x x ( x 2+ 3 )

Separamos en fracciones parciales:

(4 x 2+6) A Bx+C
= + 2
x ( x 2+3 ) x x +3

(4 x 2+6) A ( x 2+ 3 ) + ( Bx +C ) x
=
x ( x 2+3 ) x ( x 2 +3 )
 ( 4 x 2+6)=A ( x 2+3 )+ ( Bx +C ) x

( 4 x 2+6)=A x2 +3 A+ B x2 +Cx

( 4 x 2+6 )=x 2 ( A +B )+ Cx+3 A

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 3 A=1
 A+ B=0
 C=0
Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=2 ; B=2 y C=0

Reemplazando:

( 4 x 2+ 6)
∫ x3 +3 x dx=∫ 2x dx +∫ x22 +3
x 0
dx+∫ 2 dx
x +3

( 4 x 2+ 6)
∫ x3 +3 x dx=2 ∫ 1x dx+2 ∫ xxdx
2
+3
+0

( 4 x 2+ 6) xdx
∫ 3
dx=2 ln ⁡(x)+2∫ 2
x +3 x x +3

u=x2 +3 → du=2 xdx

( 4 x 2+ 6)
∫ x3 +3 x dx=ln ⁡( x 2)+2 12 ( )∫ duu
( 4 x 2+ 6)
∫ x3 +3 x dx=ln ( x 2 ) + ln ( u )+ K

( 4 x 2+ 6)
∫ x3 +3 x dx=ln ( x 2 ) + ln ( x 2 +3 ) + K

(4 x 2 +6)
∴∫ 3 dx=ln [ x2 ( x 2+ 3 ) ] + K
x +3 x

(x 2+ x )
16 ¿∫ dx
( x−1 ) ( x 2 +1 )

Como P ( x )<Q ( x ) ,entonces

Separando en fracciones parciales:

(x 2 + x) A Bx+C
= + 2
( x−1 ) ( x +1 ) x−1 x + 1
2

(x 2 + x) A ( x2 +1 ) + ( Bx+C ) ( x−1 )
=
( x−1 ) ( x 2 +1 ) ( x−1 ) ( x 2 +1 )

( x 2+ x)= A ( x 2 +1 ) + ( Bx+C )( x−1 )

( x 2 + x )= A x 2+ A +B x 2−Bx+Cx−C

( x 2 + x )=( B+ A ) x2 + ( C−B ) x+ A−C

Igualando las ecuaciones:

 A=C
 C−B=1
 B+ A=1

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:

∴ A=1 ; B=0 y C=1

Reemplazando:

( x 2 + x) 1 0x 1
∫ dx=∫ dx +∫ 2 dx +∫ 2 dx
2
( x−1 ) ( x +1 ) x−1 x +1 x +1

( x 2 + x) dx
∫ 2
dx=ln ⁡( x−1)+ 0+∫ 2
( x−1 ) ( x +1 ) x +1

( x 2 + x) dx
∫ 2
dx=ln ( x−1 ) +∫ 2
( x−1 ) ( x +1 ) x +1

(x 2+ x)
∫ 2
dx=ln ⁡(x−1)+arctag ( x ) + K
( x 2+ 2 )