DISEÑO DE ELEMENTOS DE

MAQUINAS
Laboratorio 04
CODIGO: MM35416 MECANICOS
MODELAR COMPONENTES

Nombre del Alumno:

Fecha de entrega: Hora: Ciclo: Grupo:

NOTA:

OBJETIVOS:
1. Simular mediante estudio de esfuerzos la aplicación de cargas y su efecto en los
componentes de una estructura.

TAREA: Estudio de esfuerzos mediante elementos finitos

LUGAR DE REALIZACION DURACION DE LA TAREA TOLERANCIA
LABORATORIO G1 01 SESION 5 MIN
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1. SEÑALES DE SEGURIDAD

Señalización de taller

Tener cuidado con el tipo y niveles de voltaje que

suministran a los equipos

Antes de utilizar los instrumentos cerciorarse si son

de entrada o de salida, para no dañar los equipos

Tener cuidado en la conexión y en la desconexión

de los equipos utilizados

2. ANÁLISIS DE RIESGOS (PELIGROS POTENCIALES)

2.1 Seguridad

RIESGO DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PELIGRO

La computadora no está sujeta a la mesa o CPU por lo que podrían
Caída de Equipos
resbalar y caer al suelo.
Se tiene una instalación eléctrica susceptible al derrame de líquidos y al
Cortocircuitos
estiramiento de los cables de alimentación del computador
Inhalación de El trabajar con la impresora de solidos implica presencia de polvo y gases
químicos tóxicos, está prohibido su uso sin autorización del docente.
Gases Se tiene una instalación de aire comprimido, al cual no debe ser
Comprimidos manipulada por alumnos sin autorización del docente.

2.2 Medio Ambiente

Todos los residuos deben ser depositados en el contenedor adecuado.

3. HERRAMIENTAS Y EQUIPOS

- Mesa de Trabajo.
- Computadora.

4. MATERIALES

- Guia de laboratorio.

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5. FUNDAMENTO TEORICO.

What is a Structure?
Structures are frames commonly used bridges for railroads, automobile and foot traffic.
Examples of these structures can be seen across the country and the world.

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Structure Designs
Structure designs are meant to be simple structures that are efficient, meaning that they are
easy to build and accomplish their goals with the minimum amount of materials. There are many
different structure designs, the differences are based on the load that the structure is required to
support and the span that it must cross. The structure design may be repeated over several
spans in the same bridge.

Trusses
Trusses are specific types of structures commonly used on railroad bridges. They usually consist
of a road or rail surface (deck), two walls and sometimes bracing on the top. You will be
analyzing a truss design.
Search on truss for more information.

Brown TrussThe Brown Truss (patent shown here) was

used in the design of covered bridges. This truss is a “box”
truss (named for its boxy shape) that was so efficient that it
could be constructed using only the (diagonal) cross bracing
beams to support it.

Warren Truss

The Warren Truss is another simple and economical type.

It can be reversed and used with or without the vertical bracing
depending on the load it needs to carry.

Pratt and Howe Trusses

The Pratt Truss and Howe Truss are very similar. Like the
reversed Warren Truss shown above, they both have vertical
and cross bracing. The difference is the direction of the cross
bracing.

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Beams
A Beam is an object that has the same cross section along
its whole length. In this case, the cross section is square.
Structures like trusses are composed of beams.

Steel Beams

Steel beams use standard shapes like channels, I-beams and tubes.

Strength
The strength of a beam depends on two factors, the Cross
Section Shape and the Material.

Cross Section Shape

Stacking two square beams creates a “deeper” section.
The deeper the section (left) the stronger the beam.
Wider sections (right) help a little but not that much.

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Try it!
Notice the difference in resistance between 1 balsa wood beam and 3 stacked beams when you
try to press down. Use pencils for support and distance.

Displacement
One of the results that we will be searching for in the structural analysis is the largest
Displacement. It is the distance that the beam moved from the start when it an external force
was applied to it. The displacement will help us determine the capacity of the structure.

Area Moment of Inertia

The reason that deeper beams are stronger is because of the Area Moment
of Inertia. This is a formula calculated using the width (b) and height (h)
dimensions of the cross section. It is a measure of the strength of the beam
section alone, not the material.
The Area Moment of Inertia is used in calculations as resistance of a beam
to bending. The higher the value, the more resistance against bending.

Calculating the Area Moment of Inertia

Using the formula below, you can calculate this value for several arrangements of rectangular
cross sections.

Try some calculations

Try some calculations using the formula above and the values shown in the table below.
The values are based on the cross section of a balsa wood beam, 3.175mm (1/8”) square.

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Analysis of the Structure

During this lesson, you will use SolidWorks Simulation to analyze the beam structure.

What is SolidWorks Simulation?

SolidWorks Simulation is a structural analysis tool for designers that is added into SolidWorks.
With this software you can analyze the solid model directly. You can also easily set up units,
material type, external loads and more by using a study. You can make changes to the solid
model and update the structural analysis results.
There are several steps to the analysis:

1 Create a design in SolidWorks.

SolidWorks Simulation can analyze parts and assemblies.
2 Create a new static study in SolidWorks Simulation. SolidWorks Simulation projects will contain
all the settings and results of a problem and each project that is associated to the model. This
includes: adding fixtures, adding external loads and meshing the model.

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3 Run the analysis. This is sometimes called solving.

4 Viewing the SolidWorks Simulation results which includes plots, reports and eDrawings.

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis is an Engineering process that uses Physics and Mathematics to predict how a
structure will behave under external loads such as weights and pressures.
Buildings, bridges, aircraft, ships and automobiles are among the many products that require
structural analysis.
Through structural analysis we can determine Stresses, Factor of Safety and Displacements.
Stresses: The external loads applied to a structure create internal forces and stresses that may
cause the structure to fail or break.
Factor of Safety: The factor of safety (FOS) is a ratio of the actual stress divided by the maximum
stress the material can handle.

If the FOS > 1, the structure is safe. If the FOS < 1, the structure is considered unsafe.
Displacements: As mentioned in a previous lesson, the external loads applied to a structure can
force the structure to move from its unloaded position. The displacement is the distance a point
moves from its original position.
Structural analysis is used in many fields of the manufacturing industry:

Buildings and Bridges

Floors, walls and foundation.

Aircraft
Aircraft fuselage, wings and landing gear.

Ships
Hulls, bulkheads and superstructure.

Automobiles
Chassis, body and crash testing.

Why Do Design Analysis?

After building your design in SolidWorks, you may need to answer questions like:
Does the truss cover the required span?
What is the most efficient design for the truss?
What is the maximum load that the truss can handle?
In the absence of analysis tools, expensive prototype-test design cycles take place to ensure that
the product’s performance meets customer expectations. Design analysis makes it possible to
perform design cycles quickly and inexpensively on computer models instead. Even when
manufacturing costs are not important considerations, design analysis provides significant
product quality benefits, enabling engineers to detect design problems far sooner than the time

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it takes to build a prototype. Design analysis also facilitates the study of many design options and
aids in developing optimized designs. Quick and inexpensive analysis often reveals non-intuitive
solutions and benefits engineers by allowing them to better understand the product’s behavior.

Structural Analysis Stages

SolidWorks Simulation walks you through several stages of structural analysis. This is what is
happening behind the scenes:
Pre-Processing- In this stage, you add the required information about the structure and the
environment. This includes materials, fixtures and external loads applied to the structure.
Analysis- The model is broken down into tiny pieces called elements using a process called
meshing. In this project, the elements are Beam Elements. This information is then used to
create a finite element model and is solved. This includes the Analyze page of the SolidWorks
Simulation wizard.
Post-Processing- The results are presented to you in a graphic form so you can identify the
problem areas. This includes the Optimize and Results pages of the SolidWorks Simulation
wizard.
Once all the stages are complete, you can save all the analysis information with the model.
When the analysis information is saved, future changes will be faster.

Design Cycle
The Design Cycle is used to make a change to the model or the pre-processing information.
Model changes would be size changes such as the length of beams. Changes to the pre-
processing information would include changes to the material, fixtures or loading. Either change
forces the model to be re-analyzed, cycling until the best solution is reached.

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6. DESARROLLO DE TAREA

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7. ELABORACION DE PIEZA

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8. DIFICULTADESHALLADAS DURANTE EL DESARROLLO DEL LABORATORIO:

9. OBSERVACIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES

Laboratorio 04