Lógica - CB0260
Introducción
Andrés Sicard Ramírez
Universidad EAFIT
2 de marzo de 2014
Información Inicial
Coordinador Lógica
Andrés Sicard Ramírez
Jefe Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
Mauricio Arroyave Franco
Página web del curso
http://www1.eafit.edu.co/asicard/courses/logic-CB0260/
Exámenes, bibliografía y horarios de atención
Ver la página web del curso.
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 2/15
Información Inicial
Prerrequistios
El curso está diseñado para estudiantes que no tienen una formación en
Lógica.
Pacto pedagógico
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 3/15
¿Qué es la Lógica?
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 4/15
¿Qué es la Lógica?
“One of the popular definitions of logic is that is the analysis of methods of
reasoning.” (Mendelson 1997. Introduction to Mathematical Logic, pág. 1)
“El estudio de la Lógica, entonces, es el estudio de los métodos y principios
usados para distinguir entre los argumentos correctos (buenos) y los
argumentos incorrectos (malos).” (Copi 1998. Lógica Simbólica, pág. 14)
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 5/15
Lógica en las Ciencias de la Computación
Pronóstico
“It is reasonable to hope that the
relationship between computation and
mathematical logic will be as fruitful John McCarthy1
in the next century as that between (Sept. 4, 1927 – Oct. 24, 2011)
analysis and physics in the last.”
(McCarthy 1963. A Basis for a
Mathematical Theory of
Computation, pág. 69)
1
Photo courtesy of John McCarthy.
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 6/15
Lógica en las Ciencias de la Computación
Relaciones
The octopus of logic for computer science.
(Buss, Kechris, Pillay y Shore 2001. The Prospects for Mathematical Logic
in Twenty-First Century, pág. 176)
(ver figura en la siguiente diapositiva)
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 7/15
Real computation
Real closed fields
Geometry Other logics
Weak proof systems Complexity of Database languages
Resolution real computation Least fixed points
Logic programming Hybrid systems Modal logics
Constraint logic Computer algebra Dynamic logics
programming systems Theories of knowledge
Theorem provers
Resource-aware logics
Equational logics
Linear logic
Term rewriting
Behavioral logics
Nonmonotonic logics
AI Complexity theory
Model checking Reducibility
Oracles
Strong proof systems Logic for Feasible complexity
Polymorphism Computer P vs. NP
Object-oriented Science Circuit complexity
languages Parallel complexity
Abstract datatypes Finite model theory
ë-calculi Diagonalization
Combinatory logics Natural Proofs
Functional programming Proof complexity
Category theory Craig interpolation
Realizability Learning theory
Bounded arithmetic
Language design
Programming languages
Denotational semantics Probabilistic computation
Query languages Randomized
Grammars/parsing Verification computation
Automata theory Program correctness Probabilistic proofs
Natural language Hardware verification Interactive proofs
processing Fault-tolerance PCP, Holographic proofs
Proof-carrying code Quantum computing
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción Liveness/safeness 8/15
Lógica en las Ciencias de la Computación
Verificación
“Formal logic has become the lingua franca of computing. It is used for
specifying digital systems, annotating programs with assertions, defining
the semantics of programming languages, and proving or refuting claims
about software or hardware systems.” (Shankar 2013. Speaking
Logic, (abstract))
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 9/15
Lógica en las Matemáticas
Definición (Lógica matemática)
“Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications
of formal logic to mathematics.”
2
Wikipedia: Mathematical logic. (2014-01-20).
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 10/15
Lógica en las Matemáticas
Definición (Lógica matemática)
“Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications
of formal logic to mathematics.”
“Topically, mathematical logic bears close connections to metamathematics,
the foundations of mathematics, and theoretical computer science.”
2
Wikipedia: Mathematical logic. (2014-01-20).
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 11/15
Lógica en las Matemáticas
Definición (Lógica matemática)
“Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications
of formal logic to mathematics.”
“Topically, mathematical logic bears close connections to metamathematics,
the foundations of mathematics, and theoretical computer science.”
“The unifying themes in mathematical logic include the study of the
expressive power of formal systems and the deductive power of formal proof
systems.” 2
2
Wikipedia: Mathematical logic. (2014-01-20).
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 12/15
Lógica en las Matemáticas
Áreas
03-XX Mathematical logic and foundations3
03Axx Philosophical aspects of logic and foundations
03Bxx General logic
03Cxx Model theory
03Dxx Computability and recursion theory
03Exx Set theory
03Fxx Proof theory and constructive mathematics
03Gxx Algebraic logic
03Hxx Nonstandard models
3
Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC2010) de la AMS (American Mathematical
Society).
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 13/15
Programa del Curso
1 Semántica en la Lógica Proposicional
2 Inferencia en la Lógica Proposicional
3 Lógica de Predicados Monádicos
4 Lógica de las Relaciones
5 Operaciones entre Conjuntos
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 14/15
Referencias
Buss, Samuel, Alexander Kechris, Anand Pillay y Robert Shore (2001). The
Prospects for Mathematical Logic in Twenty-First Century. The Bulletin of
Symbolic Logic 7.2, págs. 169-196.
Copi, Irving M. (1998). Lógica Simbólica. Compañía Editorial Continental.
McCarthy, John (1963). A Basis for a Mathematical Theory of Computation. En:
Computer Programming and Formal Systems. Ed. por P. Braffort
y D. Hirshberg. North-Holland, págs. 33-70.
Mendelson, Elliott (1997). Introduction to Mathematical Logic. 4.a ed. Chapman
& Hall.
Shankar, Natarajan (2013). Speaking Logic. Lecture in the Third Summer School
on Formal Techniques (SSFT13).
Lógica - CB0260. Introducción 15/15
