Shen Kuo zim:///A/html/S/h/e/n/Shen_Kuo.
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Shen Kuo
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Shen Kuo(chino: 沈括, pinyin:Shěn Kuò) (1031-1095 AD), polímata
chino. Fue Físico, geólogo, astrónomo, agrónomo, embajador, general
militar, matemático, cartógrafo, ingeniero hidráulico, meteorólogo,
botánico, zoólogo, farmacólogo, autor, y burócrata del gobierno de la
Dinastía Song (960-1279) en China.
Vida y logros
Shen Kuo vivió en Qiantang, el actual Hangzhou. En 1063, a la edad de 35
años, Shen Kuo pasó con éxito el examen imperial para el servicio del Shen Kuo (1031-1095).
Gobierno. Fue como embajador al Imperio Tangut y estuvo en las campañas
militares llevadas contra ellos. Fue el administrador principal de la Oficina de astronomía y canciller de la
academia de Han-lin. También fue aliado político y confidente del canciller Wang Anshi y del emperador
Shenzong (神宗 Shénzōng; 1067-1085).
Shen Kuo fue el primero en describir la brújula magnética en su libro Mengxi Bitan. Esto ocurría un siglo antes
de que Alexander Neckham la describiera en Europa. Hizo también una teoría geológica de la geomorfología
observando los depósitos del barro, los fósiles de mar que se encontraban en las montañas, y los fósiles
petrificados subterráneos de bambú encontrados en una región en la que no se desarrolla el bambú. Describió
también el tipo móvil de impresión de arcilla, inventada por el artesano llamado Bi Sheng en los años 1041 y
1048. Mejoró las invenciones de la esfera armilar, del gnomon, y del reloj de clepsidra. Descubrió el concepto
astronómico del norte verdadero, y alegó, que el sol y la luna eran esféricos, no planos, empleando la
observación del eclipse solar y el eclipse lunar. Hizo dos atlas, y creó una carta geográfica tridimensional. Fue
también el primero en China en describir el dique seco para la reparación de barcos. Reformó el calendario
chino con la base de unas observaciones astronómicas precisas que realizó durante meses. Su descripción de un
antiguo sistema que él mismo recuperó resultó ser lo que posteriormente se llamaría en Europa la vara de Jacob.
Shen Kuo escribió también comentarios a antiguos textos taoístas y confucionistas.
Shen Kuo vivió al final de su vida varios años en aislamiento, en su casa que poseía un jardín que le servía de
esparcimiento, cerca de Zhenjiang, provincia de Jiangsu. Su tumba se sitúa en la zona de Yuhang de Hangzhou,
y recientemente, en septiembre del 2001, por iniciativa del Gobierno chino se ha reconstruido enteramente.
Véase también
Historia de China
Historia de la ciencia
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Enlaces externos
Wikimedia Commons alberga contenido multimedia sobre Shen Kuo.
Capítulo del libro de Nathan Sivin en Shen Kuo
Shen Kua at JOC/EFR
Shen Kuo, a mathematician, engineer, physician, and astronomer
Obras de Shen Kuo en el Proyecto Gutenberg.
Shen Kuo at [Link]
Shen Kuo's "Bamboo Shoots"
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