“COMUNICACIÓN ESPECIALIZADA EN INGLES V SEMESTRE”
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SEGUNDO PARCIAL INGLES V SEMESTRE
TEMAS
1- CONDICIONALES EN INGLES (ZERO/FIRST/SECOND/THIRD CONDITIONALS)
2- DIFERENCIA ENTRE (CAN/COULD)
3- DIFERENCIA ENTRE (SHOULD/MUST)(AFFIRMATIVE-NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE)
4- USOS Y APLICACIONES DE (WHY/BECAUSE)
5- USOS Y APLICACIONES DE (WHO,WHAT,WHERE,WHEN,HOW,WICH,WHILE)
________________________________________________________________________________
_____CONDITIONALS_____
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Los condicionales se utilizan para hablar sobre situaciones reales o irreales. En general,
las frases condicionales llevan la palabra “if” (si). Ten en cuenta que no existe un tiempo
verbal para el condicional en inglés como existe en español.
ZERO CONDITIONAL:
ESTE CONDICIONAL SE UTILIZA PARA EXPRESAR VERDADES UNIVERSALES:
En inglés existen varios tipos de condicionales, entre ellos, el zero conditional. Este tipo
de condicional se usa en situaciones en las que si se cumple una condición, siempre se
da un mismo resultado.
EJEMPLO: If you don't put sun cream on, you get burnt.
Condicional Cero - Tipo 0 - Situación siempre verdadera
If you freeze water, it turns into ice.
Primer Condicional - Tipo I - Situación real o posible
If it rains today, I'll stay at home. ...
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Tercer Condicional - Tipo III - Situación hipotética del pasado
If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
COMO HACER ORACIONES CON CERO CONDICIONAL
ESTRUCTURA: Ya sabes que los condicionales son oraciones compuestas por dos
frases. Exactamente, el zero conditional tiene la siguiente estructura concreta:
If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + present simple.
Ejemplos de oraciones en condicional cero
1. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. ...
2. If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars. ...
3. If you cross the line, you are in our country. ...
4. If children study, then their parents are happy. ...
5. Plants die if they don't get enough water.
El zero conditional
Este tipo de condicional se usa en situaciones en las que si se cumple una
condición, siempre se da un mismo resultado.
If you don't put sun cream on, you get burnt.
Ejercicios de condicional cero resuelve.
1. If you heat ice, it melts. ( Si calientas el hielo, éste se derrite) .
2. I get depressed if it rains the whole time. ( Me deprimo si llueve todo el
tiempo) .
3. If I wake up late, I'm late for work. ( si despierto tarde, llego tarde para el
trabajo).
4. If you don't water the plants, they die. ( Si no riegas las plantas, mueren).
5. If you cry, you get red eyes. (si lloras, tus ojos se enrojeceran).
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FIRST CONDITIONAL
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En inglés existen varios tipos de condicionales, entre ellos, el first conditional. Este tipo
de condicional se usa en situaciones en las que si se cumple una condición, es probable
que se dé un resultado determinado.
If you don't put on repellent, you'll get bitten.
The First Conditional
La conditional clause se forma con
if + presente simple y la result clause con will + infinitivo.
Dependiendo del orden de los elementos, nos encontramos con
dos estructuras posibles:
Will + infinitive + if + present simple:
I will make dinner for you if you come tonight.
The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in
the other clause:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
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It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't
know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which
could easily come true.
EJEMPLOS:
If it rains, I won't go to the park.
If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
She'll be late if the train is delayed.
She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
If I see her, I'll tell her.
EJERCICIO REPASA CON LA PRACTICA.
EJERCICIO:
1. If I do not finish my homework, I will not party: If i don’t finish my homework,
i won´t go to the party. Si no termino mi tarea, no ire a la fiesta.
2. 2: Si él no estudia, no pasara el examen: If he doesn’t study, he won´t pass
the exam.
3. If not study, do not pass the exam: If i don´t study i won´t pass the exam.
4. 3: Si tengo tiempo, visitare a mi abuela. If i have time i’ll visit my
grandmother.
5. If I have time, visit my grandmother: If i have time i’ll visit my grandmother.
6. If you feel sick, you go to the doctor: If you feel sick, you will go the doctor.
Si te sientes enfermo iras al doctor.
7. If they do not come here, we'll have to go home: if they don´t come we’ll go
home, si ellos no vienen, nosotros nos iremos a casa.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
El segundo condicional (second conditional) se utiliza para referirse a situaciones que
no son reales en el presente, y que no es muy probable que ocurran en el futuro. Por eso,
suele decirse que son situaciones imaginarias. La cláusula would/could/might + verbo es
un tiempo verbal llamado condicional simple.
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CHECAR EL SIGUIENTE LINK: [Link]
Ejemplos de second conditional
If I were taller, she would like me. ...
If I won the lottery, I would buy my dream house. ...
If she lost weight, the dress would fit. ...
If we lived in France we learned French very fast. ...
If they were in our place, they would do the same thing. ...
If I had children, I would teach them to dance.
Este tipo de condicional se usa para hablar sobre hechos que son poco probable que
sucedan en el futuro.
If I had money, I would travel more. Si tuviera dinero, viajaría más.
La estructura del segundo condicional es la de if + pasado simple + condicional simple (o
los verbos modales could y might). Un ejemplo:
If I had a car, I would go to the beach (Si tuviera un coche, iría a la playa).
Ejemplos Negativo del segundo condicional:
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with him.
We wouldn't be doing this if we didn't care about you.
If you didn't have so much work, you wouldn't be so stressed.
If they were more civilized, I wouldn't hate them so much.
If she loved me more, she wouldn't have left me.
Ejemplos interrogativos del segundo condicional:
What would you do if you were me?
If you could have a super power, what would it be?
If you knew you were going to die tomorrow, what would you do today?
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If you could travel through time, what year would you visit?
A MANERA DE REPASO RESUELVE EL SIGUIENTE EJERCICIO
Ejercicio
1) If they ____ him well, they ____ him to their parties. (know/invite)
2) If you ____ more money, you ____ in low-cost flights. (have/not travel)
3) If she ____ me nicely, I ____ shopping with her. (ask/go)
4) If you ____ the sink apart, you ____ the water out. (take/get)
5) If Mike ____ 300 euros to spend, he ____ a new smartphone. (have/buy)
6) If I ____ abroad, I ____ the local food so much. (live/miss)
7) If I ____ you, I ____ looking for a job right now. (be/start)
8) If Sam ____ president of the US, he ____ a terrific job. (be/do)
9) If I ____ a freelance job, I ____ around the world. (have/travel)
10) I ____ university by 2019 if I ____ this year. (finish/start)
Soluciones
1) If they knew him well, they would invite him to their parties.
2) If you had more money, you wouldn’t travel in low-cost flights.
3) If she asked me nicely, I would go shopping with her.
4) If you took the sink apart, you would get the water out.
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5) If Mike had 300 euros to spend, he would buy a new smartphone.
6) If I lived abroad, I would miss the local food so much.
7) If I were you, I would start looking for a job right now.
8) If Sam were president of the US, he would do a terrific job.
9) If I had a freelance job, I would travel around the world.
10) I would finish university by 2019 if I started this year.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Third conditional
Fragmento destacado de la Web
En inglés existen varios tipos de condicionales y, entre ellos, el third conditional. Este
tipo de condicional se utiliza para pensar en situaciones del pasado que no ocurrieron e
imaginarnos qué resultados hubiesen tenido. If you had put yeast, the cake would have
risen.
Checar el siguiente link: [Link]
If clause Main clause
If + Past Perfect tense would/could/might + have + past
participle
If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
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If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
Si yo hubiera ganado la lotería, habría viajado por todo el mundo.
If I had seen him, I would have told him about you.
Si lo hubiese visto, le habría contado acerca de ti.
If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand.
Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habría levantado mi mano.
If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.
Si ella hubiese venido el sábado, la habría visto.
If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
Si ellos hubiesen salido más temprano, habrían llegado a tiempo.
If we had studied harder, we might have passed the test.
Si hubiésemos estudiado más duro, podríamos haber aprobado la prueba.
If you had gone to Brazil, you would have had lots of fun.
Si tu hubieses ido a Brasil, habrías tenido mucha diversión.
If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.
Si no hubiese estado tan ocupado, te podría haber ayudado.
Primer Condicional: If I see her, I’ll tell you. (probable)
Segundo Condicional: If I saw her, I’d tell you. (irreal)
Tercer Condicional: If I had seen her, I would have told you. (no la vi)
Tercer condicional en inglés
If she had been there, I would have seen her.
If we had had more time, we would have visited Pompeii.
If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.
If I had been able to afford it, I would have bought the Porsche.
Tercer condicional inglés
Esta estructura se usa para hablar de sucesos en el pasado, que de ocurrir de otra
manera, hubieran tenido otras consecuencias. Se trata de una situación hipotética en
el pasado. Estamos imaginando lo que podía haber ocurrido.
If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a house. – Si hubiera
tenido suficiente dinero, te hubiera comprado una casa.
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If I had seen you, I would have said hello to you – Si te hubiera visto, te
hubiera dicho hola.
Como ves, usamos el past perfect y el would have:
IF + condition in PAST PERFECT + result with WOULD HAVE +
PARTICIPLE
También podemos intercambiar las claúsulas. En este caso, la coma desaparecería
I would have invited her to the party if she had told me she was in
Barcelona – La hubiera invitado a la fiesta si me hubiera dicho que estaba en
Barcelona.
Frases de ejemplo
What you would have done if you had been in my shoes? – ¿Qué hubieras
hecho si te hubiera ocurrido a ti?
Yesterday she played the lottery and she did not win. If she had won the
lottery, she would have booked holidays in the Caribbean. – Ayer ella jugó a la
lotería y no ganó. Si ella hubiera ganado la lotería, hubiera reservado unas
vacaciones en el Caribe.
If he had studied medicine he would have been a very good doctor. – Si él
hubiera estudiado medicina, hubiera sido un gran doctor.
Como ves, el tercer condicional en inglés nos ayuda a expresar condiciones y sus
consecuencias en un futuro hipotético y si el pasado hubiera sido de otra manera. ¡Y
tú! ¿qué hubieras hecho si las cosas hubieran sido diferentes? Practica esta estructura
pensando en una respuesta a la pregunta.
Third Conditional Form
Make the third conditional
1) If you hadn´t been late, we wouldn´t have missed the bus.
2) If she had studied she would have passed the exam.
3) If we had arrived earlier, we would have seen John.
4) If they’d gone to bed early, they wouldn´t have woken up late.
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5) If he had become a musician he would have recorded a cd.
6) If she had gone to art school she would have become a painter.
7) If i had been born in a diferent contry, i would have learned a different language.
8) If she had gone to university, she would have studied french.
9) If we hadn´t gone to the party, we wouldn´t have met them.
10) If he hadn´t taken the job, he wouldn´t have traveled.
1) If you
(not/be) late, we
Check
Show
(not/miss) the bus.
[ . ][ . ]
2) If she
(study) she
Check
Show
(pass) the exam.
[ . ][ . ]
3) If we Check
Show
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(arrive) earlier, we
(see) John.
[ . ][ . ]
4) If they
(go) to bed early, they
Check
Show
(not/wake) up late.
[ . ][ . ]
5) If he
(become) a musician, he
Check
Show
(record) a CD.
[ . ][ . ]
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6) If she
(go) to art school, she
Check
Show
(become) a painter.
[ . ][ . ]
7) If I
(be) born in a different country, I
Check
Show
(learn) to speak a different language.
[ . ][ . ]
8) If she Check
Show
(go) to university, she
(study) French.
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[ . ][ . ]
9) If we
(not/go) to the party, we
Check
Show
(not/meet) them.
[ . ][ . ]
10) If he
(not/take) the job, he
(go) travelling.
