Planificación de La Ciudad - PDU Ayacucho - Richard de La Cruz
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Cynthia Collazos ArellanoPlanificación de La Ciudad - PDU Ayacucho - Richard de La Cruz
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Cynthia Collazos ArellanoCommon questions
Con tecnología de IAAyacucho, positioned at 2761 meters in the Andes, faces significant geographical challenges, including steep terrain and frequent heavy rainfall leading to risks like huaycos and floods. Urban planning adopts several strategies to mitigate these challenges: constructing an extensive pluvial drainage system in the historical center to manage water flow and avert disasters , and establishing land use plans that promote sustainable use of land resources . These efforts aim to balance geographic constraints with urban growth while minimizing environmental impact .
Ayacucho's historical and cultural heritage has been recognized through various resolutions and declarations. In 1972, a Supreme Resolution declared certain areas as monumental, recognizing their urban and monumental environment. In 2001, a National Directoral Resolution further declared additional properties as part of the monumental and cultural heritage . Urban planning efforts have integrated these recognitions into the Plan Maestro del Centro Histórico de Huamanga, which establishes the delimitation of the historical center and includes specific conservation efforts such as sectorization and pedestrianization of streets .
The strategies in Ayacucho's urban development plan aim to promote sustainable growth by balancing heritage conservation, infrastructure development, and disaster risk management. The establishment of historical center delimitations underscores the commitment to preserving cultural assets . Concurrently, the PAT addresses traffic and growth challenges through proposed ring roads to decongest urban centers . Challenges persist, such as aligning local initiatives with broader national goals, requiring continuous adjustments and stakeholder engagement to ensure long-term sustainability .
Ayacucho’s urban plan addresses inter-district relationships and functionality by delineating specific land uses across the province that reflect the socio-economic roles of different districts, thus facilitating coordinated development . The proposal for an intermediate ring road (anillo vial intermedia) seeks to enhance mobility and connectivity between districts to better distribute urban growth and reduce congestion in central areas . Additionally, the Plan de Acondicionamiento Territorial integrates broader frameworks like the Plan Bicentenario to ensure synchronized planning efforts among districts .
The Plan de Acondicionamiento Territorial (PAT) plays a significant role in managing urban growth by determining land use allocations and proposing infrastructural developments such as the anillo vial intermedia and external ring roads to help deconcentrate the urban areas and mitigate congestion . It integrates planning frameworks such as the Plan Bicentenario and Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Nacional to align local development with broader national strategies .
The infrastructural developments in Ayacucho align with national urbanization strategies through the integration of the Plan Bicentenario and the Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Nacional, which serve as frameworks for local planning . The focus on constructing intermediate and external ring roads aligns with national goals of enhancing mobility and reducing congestion in urban areas. Moreover, the emphasis on disaster risk management is consistent with national agendas on climate resilience and sustainable urbanization . This alignment ensures cohesive progress towards broader national objectives.
The spatial delimitation and sectorization within Ayacucho's historical center impose specific constraints and opportunities on urban development. The Ordenanza Municipal N°061-2004-MPH/A delineates the boundaries of the historical center, necessitating preservation standards that limit building heights and require the conservation of architectural styles . Sectorization establishes different zones with height restrictions—two stories in some areas and three in others—impacting developmental density and architectural uniformity, influencing both tourism potential and local aesthetic .
Urban infrastructure in Ayacucho has been adapted to address natural disaster risks through the construction of a comprehensive pluvial drainage system, particularly in the historical center. This project was executed in multiple phases from 2010 to 2018, with investments surpassing 60 million soles. The system aims to mitigate the effects of recurring threats like huaycos and floods . Historically frequent rainfall in the region, noted as the most intense in the Sierra Nacional, necessitates such proactive measures .
The financial implications of Ayacucho's infrastructure projects are substantial, with over 60 million soles invested in the multi-phase construction of the pluvial drainage system in the historical center from 2010 to 2018. Funding was sourced from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), the Municipality of Huamanga (MPH), and other national bodies, showcasing significant public investment in essential urban infrastructure . This substantial expenditure highlights the prioritization of disaster risk management within the city’s broader developmental agenda .
The execution of Ayacucho's urban development projects involves collaboration between multiple government tiers, primarily the Municipality of Huamanga, in coordination with national entities like the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), Ministry of Housing (MINVIV), and external stakeholders in tourism . This multi-stakeholder approach ensures that development projects align with fiscal capacities and local needs, while promoting investment in essential infrastructure and cultural heritage preservation . Stakeholder engagement ensures that project planning and execution are transparent and inclusive, crucial for overcoming local resistance and achieving strategic objectives.
