1Ensayo Emprendimiento
Edwar Ramirez
Ing. Carlos Avellaneda
Universidad De Investigación Y Desarrollo (UDI)
Bucaramanga
Santander
Herramientas Básicas De Emprendimiento
2020
INTRODUCCION
A lo largo del tiempo las sociedades han evolucionado haciendo cambios constantes,
desde la era primitiva hemos pasado por la era agrícola, la era feudal, la industrial hasta llegar a
la era del conocimiento. Todo tiene un principio y un final y las cosas que ayer estaban, mañana
puede que se esfumen de nuestro presente. Es muy importante aprender a cerrar etapas, capítulos
o historias de nuestra vida porque precisamente eso es vivir: cambiar, renovarse y salir
constantemente de nuestra zona de confort para expandirla y sea cada vez más cómoda. Por lo
tanto, necesitamos hacer un cambio de paradigmas, atrevernos a tomar nuevos caminos y
aprovechar el enorme potencial con el que cuenta este gran cambio, es por esta razón que se
plantea en el ensayo la gran audacia del empresario y fundador de spacex Elon musk con su gran
logro de ser dueño de la primera empresa privada en enviar hombres al espacio y contribuir a una
nueva era del los viajes espaciales
SPACEX LA COMPAÑÍA DEL FUTURO
Para entran en contexto de este articulo se debe conocer de la vida Elon Musk el sujeto
que esta detrás de este ambicioso proyecto pues es un gran hombre al que hay que admirar
puesto que su trayectoria profesional no a sido nada fácil y absolutamente todos sus proyectos
están orientados ala innovación del mundo,el caso particular del lasamiento del crew dragon con
la alinza de su empresa spacex y la nasa, para ir entrando en materia del gran potencial de
emprendimiento que posee este hombre empezando que su primer proyecto fue Zip2, que
primero se enfocó en ayudar a los medios de comunicación a armar su canal online, para luego
especializarse en brindarles un software para construir directorios y mapas.
Su socio fue su hermano Kimbal, con quien desembolsó u$s28.000 de la cuenta de su
padre para poner en marcha la empresa. Cuatro años más tarde, la firma de computación Compaq
compró su emprendimiento por más de u$s300 millones, de los cuales Musk se quedó con u$s22
millones Un año más tarde se fusionó con la firma de software Confinity y así nació PayPal (que
en 2018 procesó u$s578.000 millones en pagos y hoy está valuada en u$s126.000 millones.
En ese momento, su espíritu combativo comenzó a aflorar para luchar a diestra y siniestra
contra la venta de la compañía. Finalmente, en 2002, no logró quebrar la voluntad del resto de
sus socios y fue adquirida por eBay en u$s1.500 millones, de los cuales casi u$s200 millones
fueron a parar al bolsillo del emprendedor ( (s. f.). Quién es Elon Musk y cómo logró su éxito).
.Un poco mas tarde nacerían tesla una compañía automotiz llamada Tesla Motors de
autos eléctricos los cuales actualmente han sido un existo en el mercado, aun liderando tesla
Musk inició su tercer emprendimiento. En su visión, los costos de fabricar cohetes y naves para
ir al espacio eran demasiado altos, por lo que se propuso investigar la manera de reducirlos. Para
eso formó un grupo de técnicos y científicos, aunque convencerlos no fue fácil.
"No podía contarles directamente que quería crear una compañía aeroespacial. Entonces
les dije: ‘¿Te gustaría ayudarme con un estudio de viabilidad para averiguar si es posible realizar
avances en tecnología de cohetes? Serán solo un par de fines de semana de tu tiempo’", detalló.
Fue así como nació Space Exploration Technologies, más conocida como SpaceX, en 2003
En los primeros años, invirtió cerca de u$s100millones de su propio bolsillo pero varios
lanzamientos no tuvieron la performance esperada. Todo cambió en 2008, cuando el Falcon 1 se
convirtió en el primero en llegar a la órbita, razón por la cual ganó un contrato de u$s1.600
millones con la NASA para llevar suministros a la Estación Espacial Internacional y después de
varios ensayo el 30 de mayo de 2020 lograron realizar el primer vuelo espacial tripulado a cargo
de una empresa privada que culmino con el amarizaje el día 2 de agosto de 2020 este es un
proyecto bastante ambicioso con el que se piensa comercializar los viajes espaciales como si
fueran de lo mas normal del mundo y que cualquiera pueda de una forma u otra pagarlos además
de dar los primeros pasos para el gran sueño de Musk que es colonizar marte.
CONCLUSION
Hay que tener claro la importancia que tiene la innovación hoy en día, para crear nuevos y
mejores recursos y para obtener mayores beneficios tanto económicos, sociales, tecnológicos y
se puede llegar a pensar de que empresas como spacex serán las lideres en el futuro ampliando el
horizonte de fronteras que conocemos
WEB-BIOGRAFIA
Deutsche Welle ([Link]). (s. f.). Quién es Elon Musk y cómo logró su éxito. [Link].
Recuperado 29 de agosto de 2020, de [Link]
musk-y-c%C3%B3mo-logr%C3%B3-su-%C3%A9xito/a-53598536
GestiÓN, R. (2018, 22 octubre). Elon Musk: Biografía del ingeniero, físico y empresario
sudafricano, uno de los hombres más ricos del planeta. Gestión intarnacional.
[Link]
millonario-fortuna-edad-pais-telsa-motors-solar-city-bio-perfil-nnda-nnda-243104-
noticia/
Casino, F. (2020, 31 mayo). Elon Musk, historia de vida: de granjero a multimillonario.
[Link]
multimillonario. [Link]
de-granjero-a-multimillonario
(COPIA ARTICULO)
Thanks for Flying SpaceX’: NASA Astronauts Safely Splash Down After Journey From Orbit
Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley returned to Earth in the first water landing by an
American space crew since 1975.
The first astronaut trip to orbit by a private company parachuted to a safe conclusion in
the Gulf of Mexico on Sunday.
It was the first water landing by NASA astronauts since 1975, when the agency’s crews
were still flying to and from orbit in the Apollo modules used for the historic American moon
missions.
Riding in a capsule built and operated by SpaceX, the rocket company founded by Elon
Musk, two NASA astronauts — Robert L. Behnken and Douglas G. Hurley — splashed down
near Pensacola, Fla., on Sunday afternoon.
The Crew Dragon capsule, suspended under four giant billowing orange-and-white
parachutes, settled upright into the water at a gentle pace of 15 miles per hour at 2:48 p.m.
Eastern time.
“On behalf of the SpaceX and NASA teams, welcome back to planet Earth,” Michael
Heiman, the SpaceX engineer communicating with the astronauts, said after splashdown. “And
thanks for flying SpaceX.”
More than an hour later, after Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley were helped out of the
spacecraft, Mr. Hurley thanked the employees of NASA and SpaceX who helped make the
mission a success.
“You should take a moment to just cherish this day, especially given all the things that
have happened this year,” he said. Although NASA was the customer this time, the mission
could be a first step to more people going to space for a variety of new activities, like
sightseeing, corporate research and satellite repair. A goal of the space agency is to turn over to
private enterprise some things it used to do.
“We are entering a new era of human spaceflight, where NASA is no longer the
purchaser, owner and operator of all the hardware,” Jim Bridenstine, the NASA administrator,
said during a news conference after the splashdown. “We are going to be a customer, one
customer of many customers in a very robust commercial marketplace for human spaceflight to
low Earth orbit.”
NASA has hired two companies — SpaceX and Boeing — to provide transportation of
astronauts to and from the International Space Station, and SpaceX was the first to be ready to
take astronauts to orbit, launching Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley in May.
Gwynne Shotwell, the president and chief operating officer of SpaceX, said the mission
was “incredibly smooth” and a step to more ambitious trips.
”This is really just the beginning,” she said. “We are starting the journey of bringing
people regularly to and from low Earth orbit and onto the moon and then ultimately onto Mars.”
After two months on the space station, Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley reboarded the Crew
Dragon and undocked from the space station on Saturday evening. The spacecraft autonomously
maneuvered away from the space station and, while Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley were sleeping,
performed a six-minute burn of the thrusters to line up with the splashdown zone.
Earlier concerns about the Isaias storm system working its way up the Florida Atlantic
coast prompted splashdown near Pensacola, the westernmost of seven possible landing sites,
where calm weather cooperated to enable a safe [Link] Sunday morning, the astronauts woke
up to familiar voices.
“I’m happy you went into space, but I’m even happier that you’re coming back home,”
said Mr. Hurley’s son, Jack.
“Wake up, wake up, wake up, wake up, Daddy, wake up!” said Mr. Behnken’s son, Theo.
“Don’t worry, you can sleep in tomorrow. Hurry home so we can go get my dog!”
About an hour before splashdown, the spacecraft began a final series of maneuvers. As it
passed over the Indian Ocean, just to the west of Australia, it jettisoned a bottom piece, known as
the trunk, which was no longer needed. That exposed the capsule’s heat shield.
“Oh yeah, we felt it,” Mr. Hurley said after the maneuver was confirmed on the ground.
An 11-minute firing of the thrusters set the Crew Dragon on a trajectory to fall out of
orbit at 17,500 miles per hour. The rush of air heated the bottom of the capsule to 3,500 degrees
Fahrenheit and, as expected, cut off communications with the spacecraft for six minutes.
“I’m almost speechless as to how well things went today with the deorbit,” said Steve
Stich, manager of the commercial crew program at NASA.
As SpaceX crews raced to attend to the capsule and its crew in the water, they also had to
contend with a flotilla of small boats piloted by private onlookers seeking a closer view of the
spacecraft. One of them flew a banner supporting President Trump.
“That was not what we were anticipating,” Mr. Bridenstine said. The Coast Guard cleared
out the area for the splashdown.
SpaceX crews on the boats told them to move farther away, seeking to maintain the
safety zone around the capsule because toxic propellant fumes from the spacecraft thrusters can
endanger passengers on vessels nearby. Detection of residual fumes once the spacecraft was
pulled from the sea delayed the opening of the hatch for the astronauts to exit.
Mr. Behnken addressed the SpaceX team just before he left the Crew Dragon: “Thank
you for doing the most difficult parts and the most important parts of human spaceflight —
getting us into orbit and bringing us home, safely.”
Once back on land, the astronauts were flown from Pensacola to Ellington Field, a
military base in Houston.
By the time they walked off the Gulfstream plane, Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley looked
as if they had already largely acclimated to gravity again, walking with only slight wobbling to
seats on the tarmac. They again thanked the people at SpaceX and NASA who had worked to
make the mission a success.
Mr. Hurley said the journey was still “a lot to process,” then joked that he and Mr.
Behnken had been in the capsule “making prank satellite phone calls to whoever we could get a
hold of.”
He added that the phone bill should be sent to Mr. Musk, who had flown from California,
where he had watched the splashdown from SpaceX headquarters, to Houston to welcome the
astronauts back.
“I really came here because I just wanted to see Bob and Doug, to be totally frank,” Mr.
Musk said during his brief remarks.
“I’m not very religious, but I prayed for this one,” Mr. Musk said.
NASA has been busy in the past week. On Thursday, it launched Perseverance, its next
robotic rover, on a six-and-half month journey to Mars. Mr. Bridenstine took the opportunity of
Mr. Behnken’s and Mr. Hurley’s return on Sunday to promote the space agency’s next major
push: to send astronauts back to the moon.
The House of Representatives, controlled by Democrats, has been reluctant to provide the
money that NASA says it needs to meet a goal set by the Trump administration of a moon
landing in 2024.
“What I’m asking for our members of Congress to do is look at what we’ve done with
what we have,” Mr. Bridenstine said at Ellington after Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley had spoken.
“And if you fund us at our budget request level, we will be on the moon.”
After the splashdown on Sunday, Mr. Trump tweeted, “Great to have NASA Astronauts
return to Earth after very successful two month mission. Thank you to all!”
Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley ended up with a longer and busier stay at the space station
than the two weeks originally planned. Because of repeated delays by SpaceX and Boeing,
NASA ended up short-handed, with only one astronaut, Christopher J. Cassidy, aboard the space
station when the Crew Dragon and its two passengers docked.
They stayed two months. Mr. Behnken and Mr. Cassidy performed four spacewalks to
complete the installation of new batteries on the space station. Mr. Hurley helped by operating
the station’s robotic arm. The men also contributed to science experiments in low-Earth orbit.
Mr. Cassidy will remain aboard the station with two Russian astronauts, Anatoly
Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner. All three are to stay on board through October, when another crew of
one American and two Russian astronauts will replace them.
Once the mission is formally certified as a success, the next flight of the Crew Dragon
will launch no earlier than late September. It will take three NASA astronauts — Michael S.
Hopkins, Victor J. Glover and Shannon Walker — and one Japanese astronaut, Soichi Noguchi,
to the space station.
The second operational flight, tentatively scheduled for February 2021, will use the same
capsule that just returned with Mr. Behnken and Mr. Hurley. It will carry two NASA astronauts,
Robert S. Kimbrough and K. Megan McArthur; Akihiko Hoshide of Japan; and Thomas Pesquet
of the European Space Agency.
Ms. McArthur is married to Mr. Behnken.
SpaceX’s counterpart in the commercial crew program, Boeing, will almost certainly not
be able to launch astronauts until next year. An uncrewed flight last year suffered significant
software errors, which could have led to a loss of the spacecraft during its orbital test. Boeing
will now repeat the uncrewed test later this year before putting astronauts aboard.
NASA, SpaceX and Private Spaceflight
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