ARQUITECTURA Vernacula
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Nataly HuamaniARQUITECTURA Vernacula
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Nataly HuamaniCommon questions
Con tecnología de IAPreserving vernacular architecture in Arequipa and Tiabaya provides substantial environmental benefits by incorporating sustainable construction practices and using locally sourced materials, which have a lower environmental footprint. Culturally, it helps sustain the unique identity and historical continuity of these regions, fostering community pride and cultural tourism. Such efforts attract tourism that appreciates traditional craftsmanship and local history, contributing to the economic revitalization of these communities .
The vernacular architecture of Tiabaya embodies functionality through its consideration of climatic conditions, utilizing minimal openings, and selecting durable, thermally efficient materials like adobe. Aesthetically, it maintains a balance by using locally available resources, which blend with the landscape. Predominant characteristics include the use of mojinete roofs for seismic resilience, precise placement of structural elements for functional efficiency, and a sparse yet harmonious ornamental approach that aligns with utilitarian requirements and cultural continuity .
In response to frequent earthquakes, Arequipa's architecture adapted by using a mixed system of construction. This involved building with thick sillar walls at the base while constructing upper sections, such as roofs and balconies, with lighter materials like wood. This system not only pertains to larger manor houses but also to vernacular housing, allowing these structures to withstand seismic activity more effectively .
In Tiabaya, topography significantly influences architectural design by prompting the placement of houses on higher ground while the agricultural areas occupy lower altitudes. This results in optimized scenic views. Adaptive strategies include orienting buildings to utilize the landscape's natural advantages, adjusting layouts to the inclines, and employing locally sourced materials that harmonize with the environmental context, enhancing structural resilience and aesthetic appeal .
The architectural style in Arequipa evolved by transitioning from using mojinete roofing to employing sillar and vaulted structures to accommodate urban densification. Climate and historical context influenced this evolution by necessitating designs that accounted for thermal comfort and solid structural integrity in a seismically active region. The choice of sillar, a locally sourced volcanic stone, reflects both these practical considerations and a cultural shift, as seen in the move from painted surfaces to exposing the natural sillar stone, embodying Arequipa's identity as the 'white city' .
The significance of vernacular architecture in Arequipa lies in preserving the cultural identity of the region, which in turn offers economic benefits to communities. By maintaining and promoting vernacular architecture, Arequipa can develop opportunities for community-based tourism. This approach involves collaboration between non-governmental organizations, state entities, and residents, suggesting that preserving these structures can bolster economic development and provide a model for similar endeavors in economically vulnerable communities .
Historically, Arequipa's architecture featured a range of earth tones such as ochres, oranges, reds, and indigo blues. This color use aimed to fit the natural landscape and climate. Over time, the predominant exposure of natural sillar stone during the Republican period marked a shift to what is now recognized as the 'white city.' These changes were affected by broader cultural movements and the rediscovery of the multicolor colonial period ensemble, reflecting shifts in aesthetic values and cultural identity .
Vernacular buildings in Tiabaya differ structurally, with some utilizing sillar stones with intricate vaults like Casa Vizcarra, while others, like Casa Meneses, employ thicker adobe walls and mojinete roofs made with ichu. Each design addresses environmental challenges such as seismic activity and climate by optimizing materials either for lighter yet sturdy building components or for thermal regulation. These adaptations ensure durability and comfort while harmonizing with the surrounding topography and environmental conditions .
Arequipa's architecture presents a model for community-based tourism by offering authentic cultural experiences centered on its distinctive architectural heritage, specifically its vernacular structures. The promotion of these buildings as tourist attractions showcases local history and craftsmanship, potentially providing economic benefits through increased tourism while encouraging the preservation of cultural identity. The involvement of local communities in tourism initiatives can empower residents, foster cultural exchanges, and stimulate local economies by creating sustainable jobs and attracting diverse visitors .
Casa Vizcarra exhibits features like sillar pink stone construction, barrel and edge vaults, and intricate ornaments on its apertures. In contrast, Casa Meneses shows a distinct regional architectural approach with its adobe walls, mojinete roof utilizing ichu for seismic resistance, and minimal ornamentation to align with its functionalist focus. These features reflect vernacular principles by using local materials, adapting to climatic conditions, and employing designs that enhance functionality and resilience .
