Formulario básico

Razones trigonométricas en el triángulo Identidades de recíprocos

1
sen A =
csc A
H

CO
1
cos A =
sec A
θ
1
CA tan A =
cot A
CO CA CO
sen θ = cos θ = tan θ =
H H CA
Identidades de cociente
CA H H
cot θ = sec θ = csc θ = sen A
CO CA CO tan A =
cos A

Razones trigonométricas en el círculo cos A

cot A =
y
sen A
r = x2 + y2
(x, y)
r Identidades de cuadrados
y θ
sen2 A + cos2 A = 1
x x
tan2 A + 1 = sec 2 A

cot 2 A + 1 = csc 2 A

y x y
sen θ =
r
cos θ =
r
tan θ =
x
Identidades de suma y diferencia
x r r sen ( A ± B ) = sen A cos B ± cos A sen B
cot θ = sec θ = csc θ =
y x y
cos ( A ± B ) = cos A cos B  sen A sen B

Valores exactos de seno y coseno tan A ± tan B

tan ( A ± B ) =
1  tan A tan B
en el círculo unitario
1 3
− , (0, 1 ) 1 3
2 2 π
90°
2
,
2 Identidades de ángulo doble
−
2 2
, 2π 2 π 2 2
,
2 2 3π 3 3 π 2 2
5π 4 135°
120° 60° 4 π 3 1
cos2 A = cos2 A − sen2 A
3 1 45°
− , 6 6
,
2 2 150° 30° 2 2

0° 0
cos2 A = 1 − 2 sen2 A
(−1, 0 ) π 180° 360° 2π (1, 0 )
7π 210° 330° 11π 3 1
cos2 A = 2 cos2 A − 1
3 1 ,−
− ,− 6 225° 315° 6 2 2
2 2 5π 240° 300° 7π
2 2 4 4π 5π 4 2 2 sen2 A = 2 sen A cos A
− ,− 3 270° 3π 3 ,−
2 2 2 2 2
1 3
1
− ,−
3 (0, −1) 2 , − 2 tan2 A =
2 tan A
2 2
1 − tan2 A
Identidades de reducción de cuadrados f g • Dx f − f • Dx g
9. Dx ¢ ≤=
1 g g2
sen2 A = (1 − cos2 A)
2
1
cos A = (1 + cos2 A)
2
10. Dx ( u ) = 2 1u • Dx u
2
1 − cos2 A 11. Dx ( sen u ) = cos u • Dx u
tan2 A =
1 + cos2 A
12. Dx ( cos u ) = − sen u • Dx u
Identidades de conversión
13. Dx ( tan u ) = sec 2 u • Dx u
de suma a producto
A+ B A− B 14. Dx ( cot u ) = − csc 2 u • Dx u
sen A + sen B = 2 sen cos
2 2
A+ B A− B 15. Dx ( sec u ) = sec u • tan u • Dx u
sen A − sen B = 2 cos sen
2 2
16. Dx ( csc u ) = − csc u • cot u • Dx u
A+ B A− B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos cos
1
2 2 17. Dx ( ln u ) = •D u
x
u
A+ B A− B
cos A − cos B = −2 sen sen
1
2 2 18. Dx ( log a u ) = •D u
x
u ln a

Identidades de conversión 19. Dx ( a u ) = a u ln a • Dx u

de producto a suma
1 20. Dx ( e u ) = e u • Dx u
sen A sen B =
2
[ cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )]
1
cos A cos B = [ cos ( A − B ) + cos ( A + B )] ) Du
21. Dx ( u v = u v v x + Dx v ln u
2 [ u ]
1
sen A cos B = [ sen ( A − B ) + sen ( A + B )]
2 22. Dx ( sen −1u = ) 1
• Dx u
1 − u2
Derivadas fundamentales
−1
1. Dx ( c ) = 0
23. Dx ( cos −1 u = ) • Dx u
1 − u2

2. Dx ( x ) = 1
24. Dx ( tan −1 u = ) 1
1 + u2
•D u
x

3. Dx ( c • u ) = c • Dx u
−1
4. Dx ( x n ) = n • x n −1
25. Dx ( cot −1 u = ) 1 + u2
•D u
x

5. Dx ( u n ) = n • u n −1 • Dx u 26. Dx ( sec −1 u = ) 1
• Dx u
u u2 − 1
6. Dx[ f ( g ( x ) )] = ( f  g )′ ( x ) = f ′ ( g ( x ) ) • g ′( x )
−1
27. Dx ( csc −1 u = ) • Dx u
u u2 − 1
7. Dx ( f ± g ) = Dx f ± Dx g

8. Dx ( f ⋅ g ) = f • Dx g + Dx f • g 28. Dx ( senh u ) = cosh u • Dx u

29. Dx ( cosh u ) = senh u • Dx u 16. ∫ csc u cot u du = − csc u + C
30. Dx ( tanh u ) = sech 2 u • Dx u
du u
31. Dx ( coth u ) = − csch 2 u • Dx u
17.
∫ a −u2 2
= sen −1
a
+C

32. Dx ( sech u ) = −sech u • tanh u • Dx u du 1 u

18.
∫a 2
= tan −1 + C
+ u2 a a
33. Dx ( csch u ) = − csch u • coth u • Dx u
du 1 u
19.
∫u u −a2 2
=
a
sec −1 + C
a
Integrales fundamentales
1.
∫ cf (u) du = c ∫ f (u) du 20.
∫a 2
du
−u 2
=
1
ln
u+a
2a u − a
+C

2.
∫ ( f (u) ± g(u)) du = ∫ f (u) du ± ∫ g(u) du du 1 u−a
21.
∫u 2
= ln
− a 2 2a u + a
+C
3.
∫ u dv = uv − ∫ v du 1 1
22.
∫ sen u du = 2 u − 4 sen2u + C
2

4.
∫ du = u + C 1 1
1
23.
∫ cos u du = 2 u + 4 sen2u + C
2

5.
∫ u du = n + 1 u
n n +1
+ C , n ≠ −1

24.
∫ tan u du = tan u − u + C
2

6.
∫ e du = e
u u
+C

7.
∫ a u du =
au
ln a
+C
25.
∫ cot u du = − cot u − u + C
2

8.
du
∫ u = ln u + C 26.
∫ sec u du = tan u + C
2

9.
∫ sen u du = − cos u + C 27.
∫ csc u du = − cot u + C
2

10.
∫ cos u du = sen u + C 28.
∫ senh u du = cosh u + C
11.
∫ tan u du = ln sec u + C 29.
∫ cosh u du = senh u + C
12.
∫ cot u du = ln sen u + C 30.
∫ tanh u du = ln cosh u + C
13.
∫ sec u du = ln sec u + tan u + C 31.
∫ coth u du = ln senh u + C
14.
∫ csc u du = ln csc u − cot u + C 32.
∫ sec hu du = tan −1
senh u + C

1
15.
∫ sec u tan u du = sec u + C 33.
∫ sec hu du = ln tan 2 u + C
Transformada de Laplace 17. L {t f (t )} = −
d
L { f (t )} = −
dF
ds ds
1. L { f (t )} = F ( s )
d2 d 2F
2. L L { −1
{F ( s )}} = F ( s ) {
18. L t 2 f (t ) = − } ds 2
L { f (t )} =
ds 2
dn d nF
19. L {t n f (t )} = ( −1) { f (t )} = ( −1)n
∞ n
L
3. L { f (t )} = ∫ − st
f (t ) e dt ds n d ns
0

1 20. L { f (t ) ∗ g(t )} = L { f (t )} L { g(t )} = F ( s )G ( s )

4. L {1} =
s
t
F (s)
1
5. L {t } = 2
21. L b
∫ o
f ( u ) du r =
s
s
22. L { f ′(t )} = s F ( s ) − f (0)
{ }
6. L t 2
2!
= 3
s
23. L { f ′′(t )} = s 2 F ( s ) − sf (0) − f ′(0)
7. L {t n } =
n!
s n +1 24. L {f (n)
}
(t ) = s n F ( s ) − s n −1 f (0) − s n −2 f ′(0) − 
( n − 3)
−s f
2
(0) − s f ( n −2 ) (0) − f ( n −1) (0)
8. L {e } =at1
s−a
e − t0 s senh as
25. L {δ a (t − t0 )} =
a as
9. L {sen at }
s + a2
2

26. L {δ (t )} = 1
s
10. L {cos at} =
s + a2
2
27. L {δ (t − t0 )} = e − t0 s

a
11. L {senh at }
s2 − a2 28. L −1
{F ( s )} = f (t )

s
12. L {cosh at} =
s2 − a2
29. L −1
{L { f (t )}} = f (t )

13. L { f (t )e } = F ( s − a ) = L { f (t )}
at
s−a
30. L −1
{F ( s ) } = f (t )e
s−a
at

e − as
14. L {U (t − a )} =
s
31. L −1
{e −a s
}
F (s) = L −1
{F ( s )} t − aU (t − a )

15. L { f (t − a )U (t − a )} = e − as F ( s ) = e − as L { f (t )} 32. L −1
{F ( s )} = −
1
t
L −1
{ }
dF
ds
T
1
16. L { f (t )} =
1 − e − sT ∫
0
f (t )e − st dt, f (t ) = f (t + T ) 33. L −1
{F ( s )G ( s )} = f (t ) ∗ g (t )