Calendario Yoruba
Problemas de la página
El calendario Yoruba ( Kojoda ) es un
calendario utilizado por el pueblo Yoruba
del sudoeste de Nigeria y el sur de Benin .
El calendario tiene un año que comienza
en la última luna de mayo o la primera luna
de junio del calendario gregoriano, y una
era de 8042 aC. El nuevo año coincide con
el festival Ifá
La semana tradicional de Yoruba tiene
cuatro días. Los cuatro días dedicados a
Orisa son los siguientes:
El día 1 está dedicado a Obatala
(Sopanna, Iyaami y Egungun)
El día 2 está dedicado a Orunmila (Esu,
Ifá y Osun) *
El día 3 está dedicado a Ogun (Osoosi)
El día 4 está dedicado a Sango (Oya)
Para reconciliarse con el calendario
gregoriano, las personas yoruba también
miden el tiempo en siete días a la semana
y cuatro semanas al mes. El calendario de
cuatro días estuvo dedicado a las Orisas y
el calendario de siete días es para hacer
negocios.
Los siete días son: Ojo-Aiku ( domingo ),
Ojo-Aje ( lunes ), Ojo-Ishegun ( martes ),
Ojo-Riru ( miércoles ), Ojo-Bo / Alamisi (
jueves ), Ojo-Eti ( viernes ) y Ojo -Abameta
( sábado ).
El tiempo se mide en isheju (minutos),
wakati (horas), ojo (días), ose (semanas),
oshu (meses) y odun (años). Hay 60
(ogota) isheju en 1 (okan) wakati; 24
(merinlelogun) wakati en 1 ojo; 7 (meje)
ojo en 1 ose; 4 (merin) ose en 1 oshu y 52
(ejileladota) ose en 1 (okan) odun. Hay 12
(mejila) oshu en 1 (okan) odun.
Ejemplos de calendario
“KṒJṒDÁ” - 'Ki ṓjṓ dá: may the day be
clear(ly foreseen), calendar'.
KṒJṒDÁ 10057/ CALENDAR 2014-2015
[1]
ÒKÙDÚ 10053 / June 2011
ȮSĖ 91st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
ṓjṓ-Ṡàngó /Jakuta 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ṓjṓ-Ȯrùnmílá /Ìfá / Awo 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
ṓjṓ-Ògún 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Ṓjṓ-Ȯbàtálá 1 29 30
The traditional Yoruba calendar (Kojoda)
has a 4-day week and 91 weeks in a year.
The Yoruba year spans from 3 June of a
Gregorian calendar year to 2 June of the
following year. According to the calendar
developed by Remi-Niyi Alaran, the
Gregorian year 2015 AD is the 10,057th
year of Yoruba records of time.[2] With the
British colonial and European cultural
invasions, came the need to reconcile with
the Gregorian calendar: Yoruba people
also measure time in seven days a week
and 52 weeks a year.
KṒJṒDÁ 10053 / Calendar 2011–2012 [3]
ÒKÙDÚ 10053 / June 2011
ȮSĖ Week 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th
ṓjṓ-Àíkú Sunday 5 12 19 26
ṓjṓ-Ajé Monday 6 13 20 27
ṓjṓ-Ìṡḗgun Tuesday 7 14 21 28
ṓjṓ-RíRú Wednesday 1 8 15 22 29
Ṓjṓ-RuBȯ Thursday 2 9 16 23 30
Ṓjṓ-Ėtì Friday 3 10 17 24
Ṓjṓ-Àbámḗta sábado 4 11 18 25
Terminologías del calendario
ȮSĖ en el calendario Yoruba Día en el calendario gregoriano [4]
ṓjṓ-Àíkú domingo
ṓjṓ-Ajé lunes
ṓjṓ-Ìṡḗgun / Atalata martes
ṓjṓ-Rú / Alaruba miércoles
Ṓjṓ-Bȯ / Alamisi jueves
Ṓjṓ-Ėtì / Jimoh viernes
Ṓjṓ-Àbámḗta sábado
Oṡu en el calendario Yoruba Meses en el calendario gregoriano [5]
ÒKÙDÚ junio
AGḖMṐ julio
ÒGÚN agosto
OWḖwḖ septiembre
ṐWAwa octubre
BḔLU noviembre
AIRE LIBRE diciembre
SECO enero
ÈRÉLE febrero
ḔRḔNA marzo
IGBE abril
ḔBÍBÍ Mayo
El año en festivales
Nota: dado que hay trece meses en el
calendario Youruba, la relación entre los
meses Gregoriano y Yoruban es
aproximada.
Ajȯdun Yoruba [6]
Sere/ January
Obatala
Erele / February
Olokún = Oríṣà of Okún, the deep seas or
oceans, patron of sailors, and guardian of
souls lost at sea. Erele/Feb 21-25
Erénà / March
Annual rites of passage for men
Èrèna/March 12 – 28
Oduduwa (odudu, the dark pigment; ni
ewa, is the beauty) / Iyaagbe (iya, mother;
agbe, who receives) = Oríṣà of Earth and
matron of the Ayé. Oduduwa endows the
ebony dark skin pigment that accords
greatest gifts of spirituality, beauty and
intellect to the bearer. The essence of
procreative love. Èrèna/March 15 – 19
Oshosi = Oríṣà of Adventure and the hunt
Èrèna/March 21 – 24:
Igbe / April
Onset of wet season (Spring)
Èbìbí / May
Egungun (Commemoration of the
Ancestors, including community founders
and illustrious dead. Èbíbí: starts last
Saturday of May, for 7 days
Okudu / June
June 3: Onset of the Yoruba New Year
(2008 is the 10,050th year of Yoruba
culture). Ọrúnmilà / Ifá = Oríṣà of
Divination and founder of the Ifá
sciences, whose divination is with 16
palm nuts. Mass gathering of the yoruba
Shopona (Oríṣà of Disease, shopona,
small pox is a viral disease) and Osanyin
(Oríṣà of Medicine and patron of the
healing professions: osan, afternoon;
yin, healing)
Okudu 10 - 23: Annual rites of passage
for women
Okudu 18 - 21: Yemoja = matriarch of
the Òrún-Rere). Oduduwa gave birth to a
boy Aganju (Land) and Yemoja (Water)
from marriage to Ọbàtala. Yemoja in
turn birthed many other Oríṣà.
Agẹmo / July
Agẹmo: first and second weeks in July
Oko (Agriculture) Harvesting of the new
Yam crop.
Ẹlégba-Bara (Ẹlégba, one who has power
to seize) / Eṣu (shu, to release eject from;
ara, the body) = Oríṣà of male essence and
Power, who is the great Communicator
and messenger of the will of Olódùmarè.
No woman should bara (ba ra, to rub with,
have intercourse with) a man who has not
done Ikola (circumcision: ike, cutting; ola,
that saves) in sacrifice to Ẹlégba. Agẹmo
second weekend of July
Ṣàngo (shan, to strike:/ Jakuta:ja, fight;
pẹlu okuta, with stones). The Oríṣà of
Energy – Ara (Thunder) and Manamana,
make fire (Lightning) whose divination is
with 16 cowries and whose messenger
and water-bearer is Oshumare (the
Rainbow). Agẹmo: third week of July
Ogun / August
[Link] = Oríṣà of Fertility
and custodian of the female essence. who
guides pregnancies to term. Ogun: last
weekend of August
Ogun = Oríṣà of the metal and war crafts,
and engineering. The custodian of truth
and executioner of justice, as such patron
of the legal and counselling professions
who must swear to uphold truth while
biting on a piece of metal.
Òwéré / September
Ọwara / October
Oya (Orísà of the odo Oya (river Niger)
whose messenger is Afefe (the Wind), and
guardian of gateway between the physical
realm (Aye) and the spiritual realm (Òrún).
Ọwaro
Ọwaro third weekend of October
Onset of the dry season (Autumn)
Shigidi (Orísà of Òrún-Apadi, the realm of
the unsettled spirits and the ghosts of the
dead that have left Aye and are forsaken of
Òrún-Rere. Custodian of nightmares and
patron of assassins. Solemn candlelight to
guide the unsettled away from your
residence, else they settle in your dolls or
other toys. Ọwaro 30 World Slavery Day?
Bèlu / November
Òpé / December
Obajulaiye (Oríṣà of Ṣòwò (Commerce)
and owo (wealth). Òpé 15
Onset of the second dry season (winter
solstice)
Referencias
1. Ralaran Uléìmȯkiri Institute
2. YÒRÚBA KṒJṒDÁ 10053
3. Ralaran Uléìmȯkiri Institute
4. Ralaran Uléìmȯkiri Institute
5. Ralaran Uléìmȯkiri Institute
6. Ralaran Uléìmȯkiri Institute
Enlaces externos
Yoruba calendar , Afropedea
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