UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HUANCAVELICA

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE INGENIERIA

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA CIVIL

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS

PROFESOR(A): ORTEGA VARGAS,Jorge L.

CURSO: ANALISIS MATEMÁTICO III

CICLO: lV

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 INTEGRANTES:
NAVARRO PRAGUAY, Iván.
PIELAGO GOMEZ, Ivanof.
QUISPE MARTINEZ, Jorge.
SALINAS ANCCASI,Marco A.
MANCHA FELIPE, Jhon L.
CONDORI RAMOS, Maykol.
PAYTAN DUEÑAS, Anthony.
ESCOBAR CANALES, Kevin.
TAYPE PARI, Luz L.
CCANTO PAYTAN, Héctor.
HUAMAN ESPINOSA, Gerson.
LAURENTE MAYHUA, José L.
PAYTAN MATAMOROS, Deisy.
SARMIENTO CAPANI, Pamela.
VILLANUEVA QUISPE, Julwin.
SEDANO TAIPE, Javier A.

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 INDICE
1.1. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS SEPARABLES ........................................... 4
1.2. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS HOMOGENEAS ...................................... 16
1.3. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS EXACTAS ............................................... 50
1.4. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS LINEALES ............................................... 69

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1.1. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS SEPARABLES
EJERCICIO Nº1
(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

Solución:

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2
+ =0
1+𝑥 1 + 𝑦2

tan. (arctan(𝑥) + arctan(𝑦) = 𝐶. 𝑡𝑎𝑛

𝑡𝑎𝑛. ((arctan(𝑥)) + tan. (arctan(𝑦))

=𝐶
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛. (arctan(𝑥)). tan(arctan(𝑦))

𝑥+𝑦
=𝐶
1 − 𝑥𝑦

𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐶(1 − 𝑥𝑦)

EJERCICIO Nº2
(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solución:
𝑑𝑥 1 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
∫ + ∫ = ∫0
𝑥 2 1 + 𝑦2

𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑦 2 |
𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + = 0
2

𝐿𝑛𝐿𝑛|𝑥 2 . (1 + 𝑦 2 )| = 𝐶

𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝐶
EJERCICIO Nº3
(𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 0
Solución:
𝑦 2 (1 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0

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 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
∫ +∫ = ∫0
1−𝑦 1+𝑥
1 − 𝑦 = 𝑢 ;1 + 𝑥 = 𝑣
−𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑢; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑣
(1 − 𝑢)2 (𝑣 − 1)2
∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝐾
𝑢 𝑣
−𝑢2 + 2𝑢 − 1 𝑣 2 − 2𝑣 + 1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝐾
𝑢 𝑣
𝑢2 𝑣2
− + 2𝑣 − 𝐿𝑛|𝑢| + − 2𝑣 + 𝐿𝑛|𝑣| = 𝐾
2 2
(1 − 𝑦)2 (1 + 𝑥)2 1+𝑥
− + 2(1 − 𝑦) + − 2(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐿𝑛 | |=𝐾
2 2 1−𝑦
1+𝑥
−(1 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) + 4 − 4𝑦 + 1 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 + 2𝐿𝑛 | |=𝐾
1−𝑦
1+𝑥
𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝐿𝑛 | |=𝐾
1−𝑦
1+𝑥
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) − 2(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 2𝐿𝑛 | |=𝐾
1−𝑦
1+𝑥
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2) + 2𝐿𝑛 | |=𝐾
1−𝑦
EJERCICIO Nº4
(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦
Solución:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
=
𝑥 1 + 𝑦2
𝐿𝑛|𝑥| = arctan(𝑦) + 𝐶
𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐿𝑛|𝐶| = arctan(𝑦)
tan(𝐿𝑛|𝑥| = arctan(𝑦)
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 tan(𝐿𝑛|𝑥𝑐| = 𝑦

EJERCICIO Nº5
𝑑𝑦
𝑥√1 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 √1 + 𝑥 2 = 0
𝑑𝑥
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 Solución:
1 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
∫ + ∫ =0
2 √1 + 𝑥 2 2 √1 + 𝑦 2

1 1 1
∫(1 + 𝑥 2 )−1⁄2 𝑑(1 + 𝑥 2 ) + ∫(1 + 𝑦 2 )−2 = ∫ 0
2 2

𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 √1 + 𝑥 2 + √1 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶

EJERCICIO Nº6

𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦(0) = 1

Solución:
1 −2𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 −2𝑦𝑑𝑦
− ∫ + ∫ = ∫0
2 √1 − 𝑥 2 2 √1 − 𝑦 2

1 1
− ∫(1 + 𝑥)−1⁄2 𝑑(1 − 𝑥 2 ) − ∫(1 − 𝑦 2 )−1⁄2 𝑑(1 − 𝑦 2 ) = ∫ 0
2 2

−√1 − 𝑥 2 − √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝐶

√1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝐶

∴ 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦(0) = 1

√1 − 02 + √1 − 12 = 𝐶
1=C

→ 𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 1

EJERCICIO Nº7
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 −𝑦 (1 + )=1
𝑑𝑥
Solución:
𝑑𝑦
1+ = 𝑒𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = (𝑒 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑦−1

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 𝑒𝑦 − 1 = 𝑢
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 = ∧ 𝑒𝑦 = 𝑢 + 1
𝑒𝑦
𝑑𝑢
→ ∫ =𝑥+𝐶
(𝑢 + 1)(𝑢)
𝐴 𝐵 1
+ =
𝑢+1 𝑢 (𝑢 + 1)(𝑢)
𝐴(𝑢) + 𝐵(𝑢 + 1) = 1
𝐴+𝐵 =0
𝐵=1
𝐴 = −1
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
−∫ + ∫ =𝑥+𝐶
𝑢+1 𝑢
−𝐿𝑛|𝑒 𝑦 | + 𝐿𝑛|𝑒 𝑦 − 1| = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒𝑦 − 1
𝐿𝑛 | 𝑦 | = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒
𝐿𝑛|1 − 𝑒 −𝑦 | = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝐶(1 − 𝑒 𝑦 ) = 𝑒 𝑥

EJERCICIO Nº8
𝑦. 𝐿𝑛|𝑦|𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦(1) = 1
Solución:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∫ + ∫ = ∫0
𝑥 𝑦𝐿𝑛|𝑦|
𝑦. 𝑑𝑦
𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + =0
𝑦. 𝑢

𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐿𝑛|𝐿𝑛|𝑥|| = 𝐶

𝑥. 𝐿𝑛|𝑦| = 𝐶
𝐿𝑛|𝑦 𝑥 | = 𝐶

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 𝑦𝑥 = 𝐶
∴ 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦(1) = 1
1′ = 𝐶
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 1

EJERCICIO Nº9
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦 . 𝑑𝑥, (𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1)
Solución:
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 . 𝑎 𝑦 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑦
∴ 𝑆𝑖 𝑎 = 𝑒
𝑑𝑦
→→ ∫ = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑦
𝑒𝑦
𝑒 −𝑦
= 𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
−1
𝐶 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝐶 = 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑦

EJERCICIO Nº10
−2𝑥(1 + 𝑒 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solución:
−2𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 . 𝑑𝑦
∫ + ∫ = ∫0
1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑒𝑦
𝑑(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)
−∫ + ∫ = ∫0
1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑒𝑦
−𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 2 | + 𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑒 𝑦 | = 𝐶
1 + 𝑒𝑦
𝐿𝑛 | |=𝐶
1 + 𝑥2
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎 1 + 𝑒 𝑦 = (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝐶
EJERCICIO Nº11

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 (1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑦. 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑦. 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦
=∫
𝑒 1 + 𝑒𝑥
𝐷 𝐼 𝑈 = 1 + 𝑒𝑥
−𝑦
𝑦 𝑒 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
1 − 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ∧ 𝑒 𝑥 = (𝑢 − 1)
𝑒
𝑑𝑢
−𝑒 −𝑦 + ∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫
(𝑢 − 1)𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ − ∫ = ln|𝑒 𝑥 | − ln|1 + 𝑒 𝑥 |
(𝑢 − 1)𝑢 𝑢−1 𝑢
𝐴 𝐵 1
+ =
𝑈−1 𝑈 (𝑈 − 1)𝑈
𝐴(𝑈) + 𝐵(𝑈 − 1) = 1
𝐴+𝐵 =0
𝐵 = −1 ∧ 𝐴=1
−𝑦 (𝑌
⇒ −𝑒 + 1) = ln|𝑒 − ln|1 + 𝑒 𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝑥|

ln|1 + 𝑒 − ln|𝑒 𝑥 | = 𝑒 𝑦 (𝑦 + 1) + 𝐶
𝑥|

𝑒 𝑦 (𝑦 + 1) = 𝐶 − 𝑥 + ln|1 + 𝑒 𝑥 |
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎: 𝑦(0) = 0
𝐶=1
𝑦 (𝑦
⇒𝑒 + 1) = 1 − 𝑋 + ln|1 + 𝑒 𝑥 |

EJERCICIO Nº12
(1 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑒 2𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑦 . 𝑑𝑦) − (1 + 𝑦). 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑒 2𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑦 (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (1 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
2𝑥
𝑒 𝑦 (1 + 𝑦 2 ) + (1 + 𝑦)
𝑒 . 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦. ( )=0
(1 + 𝑦 2 )
1+𝑦
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 − ∫( 𝑒 𝑦 + )𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 0
1 + 𝑦2
𝑒 2𝑥 1+𝑦
− ∫(𝑒 𝑦 + )𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
2 1 + 𝑦2
𝑒 2𝑥 1+𝑦
− 𝑒𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
2 1 + 𝑦2
1+𝑦 1 2𝑦 1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 2
𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦
1+𝑦 2 1+𝑦 1 + 𝑦2
1
ln|1 + 𝑦 2 | + arctan(𝑦)
2
𝑒 2𝑥 1
− 𝑒 𝑦 − ln|1 + 𝑦 2 | + arctan(𝑦) = 𝐶
2 2

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EJERCICIO Nº13
(𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
{𝑦 2 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑥 + 1}𝑑𝑥 + {𝑥 2 (𝑦 + 1) − 2𝑥(𝑦 + 1) + 2(𝑦 + 1)}𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
1 2(𝑥 − 1) (𝑦 + 1)
∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 0
2 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 (𝑦 + 1)
1 1
ln|𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2| + ln|𝑦 2 + 1| + arctan(𝑦) = 𝐶
2 2
ln|(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1)| + 2 arctan(𝑦) = 𝐶
2 2
𝑒 [Link](𝑦) = 𝑒 (𝐶−ln|(𝑥 −2𝑥+2)(𝑦 +1)|)
𝐶
𝑒 [Link](𝑦) =
(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1)
2

(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1). 𝑒 [Link](𝑦) = 𝐶

EJERCICIO Nº14
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥−𝑦 =𝑧
(𝑑𝑧 − 𝑑𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧). 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧 = (𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) + 1). 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) + 1
𝑑𝑧. (𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) − 1)
∫ =𝑋+𝐶
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑧) − 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) 1
∫ 2
. 𝑑𝑧 − ∫ =𝑋+𝐶
−𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑧) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)
−∫ . 𝑑𝑧 − tan(𝑧) = 𝑋 + 𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧)
cos(𝑧) = 𝑈 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑈
𝑑𝑈
− ∫ 2 + tan(𝑧) = 𝑋 + 𝐶
𝑈
1
− + tan(𝑧) = 𝑋 + 𝐶
𝑈
− sec(𝑥 − 𝑦) + tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑋 + 𝐶
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 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦) − 1
=𝑋+𝐶
cos(𝑥 − 𝑦)
− sec(𝑥 − 𝑦) − tan(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑋 + 𝐶
𝑋 = 𝐶 + sec(𝑥 − 𝑦) + tan(𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑋 − sec(𝑥 − 𝑦) − tan(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝐶

EJERCICIO Nº15
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑈
𝑑𝑥

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 𝑈 𝑎. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏. 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑈
𝑑𝑦
𝑎. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏. 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑈 =𝑈+𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑎. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑈 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑈 + 𝐶)𝑑𝑥
𝑎. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏(𝑈). 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑈 𝑎. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏(𝑈 + 𝐶). 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑈
𝑑𝑥(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑈) = 𝑑𝑈 𝑑𝑥[𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑈 + 𝐶)] = 𝑑𝑈
𝑑𝑈
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑈
𝑏.𝑑𝑈
𝑥 = ln|𝑎 + 𝑏𝑈| 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎+𝑏(𝑈+𝐶)
𝑏.𝑑𝑈
𝑥 = ln|𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐)| ∫ 𝑏. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎+𝑏(𝑈+𝐶)

𝑏𝑥 = ln|𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐)| + 𝐾

𝑒 𝑘.𝑏𝑥 = 𝑒 ln|𝑎+𝑏(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑦+𝑐)|
𝑘. 𝑒 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐)

EJERCICIO Nº16
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎2 . 𝑑𝑥 𝑚2 . 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎2 (𝑑𝑚 − 𝑑𝑦)
𝑥+𝑦 =𝑚 𝑚2 . 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎2 . 𝑑𝑚 − 𝑎2 . 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑚 (𝑚2 + 𝑎2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎2 . 𝑑𝑚
𝑎2 .𝑑𝑚
𝑚2 (𝑑𝑚 − 𝑑𝑥) = 𝑎2 . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑚2 +𝑎2
𝑚2 . 𝑑𝑚 = 𝑎2 . 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑚2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+𝑦
𝑚2 . 𝑑𝑚 = 𝑑𝑥(𝑎2 + 𝑚2 ) 𝑦 = 𝑎. arctan ( )+𝑐
𝑎
𝑚2 .𝑑𝑚 𝑦+𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦 + 𝑐) = 𝑎. arctan ( )
𝑎2 +𝑚2 𝑎
𝑚2 .𝑑𝑚 𝑦
∫ 𝑎2 +𝑚2 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑎. tan (𝑎 + 𝑐) = 𝑥 + 𝑦
11
EJERCICIO Nº17
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
(1 − 𝑦)𝑒 𝑦 . + =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥. ln|𝑥|
𝑦2
(1 − 𝑦)𝑒 𝑦 . 𝑑𝑦 + . 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥. ln|𝑥|
(1 − 𝑦)𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2
𝑑𝑦 + ∫ = ∫0
𝑦 𝑥. ln|𝑥|
(1 − 𝑦)𝑒 𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ln|ln|𝑥| | = 𝐶
𝑦2
(1 − 𝑦)𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 𝑦 𝑦
𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦
∫ 2 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
𝐷 𝐼
1
𝑒𝑦
𝑦2
1
𝑒𝑦 −
𝑦
−𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦
+ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑒𝑦
⇒ ln|ln|𝑥| | + 𝑐 =
𝑦

EJERCICIO Nº18

𝑑𝑥 𝑦 − √1 + 𝑦 2
∫ 3 =∫ 𝑑𝑦
1 + 𝑦2
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
12
 𝑥 = tan(𝑈)
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑈. 𝑑𝑈
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑈. 𝑑𝑈
∫
𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑈. 𝑑𝑈
1
∫ 𝑑𝑢
sec(𝑈)
∫ cos(𝑈) 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑈)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(arctan(𝑥))
𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 1
𝑥 1
⇒ =ln|𝑦 2 + 1| − ln |𝑦 + √𝑦 2 + 1 + 𝑐|
2
√𝑥 + 1 2
𝑥 √𝑦 2 + 1
= ln | |+𝑐
√𝑥 2 + 1 𝑦 + √𝑦 2 + 1

EJERCICIO Nº19
𝑥𝑦 2 (𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦) = 𝑎2
Cambio de variable
(𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦)
→ 𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 .:. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑣 . : . 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑣
𝑣2
→ . 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑣 2 . 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎2 . 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 3 𝑎2 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑎2 𝑥 2
= +𝑐 . : .2𝑥 3 ( = + 𝑐) = 2𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 𝑐
3 2 3 2

EJERCICIO Nº20
(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Cambio de variable
𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 . : . 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥𝑦 + 𝑑𝑦𝑥
(𝑑𝑧 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥)
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 =0
𝑥
𝑧
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑧𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥(𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 + 1) + 2𝑥𝑑𝑧 = 0

13
 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
∫ +∫ 2 = ∫0
2𝑥 (𝑧 − 1)2
1 1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − = 𝑐
2 𝑧
1 1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + =𝑐
2 1 − 𝑥𝑦
EJERCICIO Nº 21
𝑑𝑦
((𝑥𝑦)2 + 1)𝑦 + (𝑥𝑦 − 1)2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0

Cambio de variable
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑧 . : . 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑦𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥𝑦
𝑧 𝑑𝑦
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑦 + (𝑧 − 1)2 =0
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑧
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑦. ( ) + (𝑧 − 1)2 . 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
𝑧 𝑧
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑧 − (𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑧 − 1)2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧((𝑧 − 1)2 − (𝑧 2 + 1)) = 0
𝑦
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
∫ 2 2
+∫ = ∫0
(𝑧 − 2𝑧 + 1 − 𝑧 − 1) 𝑦
𝑧2 + 1
−∫ 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑙𝑛|𝑦| = 𝑐
2𝑧 2
2 |.𝑐
1
𝑒 𝑙𝑛|𝑦 = 𝑒 (𝑧−𝑧)
1
𝑥𝑦−
𝑦 2. 𝑐 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦

EJERCICIO Nº 22
(𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
[(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 1)𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2]𝑑𝑥 + [𝑥(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 1)]𝑑𝑦 = 0
Cambio de variable
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑧 . : . 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑦𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥𝑦
(𝑑𝑧 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥)
[(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑧 + (𝑥 − 2)𝑥]𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥((𝑧 2 + 1) )=0
𝑥

14
(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑧 + (𝑥 − 2)𝑥 𝑧
𝑑𝑥 + (𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑧 − (𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
(𝑥 − 2)𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑧 = 0
∫(𝑥 − 2)𝑑𝑥 + ∫(𝑧 2 + 1)𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 0

6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 2𝑧 3 + 6𝑧 = 0
6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 2(𝑥𝑦)3 + 6𝑥𝑦 = 0

EJERCICIO Nº 23
(𝑥 6 − 2𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 − 𝑦 3 + 4𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥(𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

(𝑥 6 − 2𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 )(𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥) = 0

𝑦
Cambio de variable: 𝑑𝑣𝑥 2 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 .:.𝑥 = 𝑣

(𝑥 6 − 2𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 )
∫ 4
𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝑣 2 − 22 )𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 0
𝑥
𝑥3 𝑣3
− 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑣 = 𝑐
3 3

𝑥3 2
𝑦3 𝑦
− 𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 4 = 𝑐
3 3𝑥 𝑥

EJERCICIO Nº 24
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚
+1= . : . 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑣 → 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑛 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝
𝑑𝑦 (𝑣)𝑚
+1=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑣)𝑛 + (𝑣)𝑝
𝑑𝑦 (𝑣)𝑚 − (𝑣)𝑛 − (𝑣)𝑝
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑣)𝑛 + (𝑣)𝑝
(𝑣)𝑚
𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑛 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑣) + (𝑣)𝑝
(𝑣)𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = ( 𝑛 − 1 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑣) + (𝑣)𝑝
(𝑣)𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑣)𝑛 + (𝑣)𝑝

15
 (𝑣)𝑛 + (𝑣)𝑝
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑣)𝑚
𝑣 𝑛−𝑚+1 𝑣 𝑝−𝑚+1
+ =𝑥+𝑐
𝑛−𝑚+1 𝑝−𝑚+1
(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑛−𝑚+1 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝−𝑚+1
+ +𝑐 =𝑥
𝑛−𝑚+1 𝑝−𝑚+1

EJERCICIO Nº 25
(𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑦 3 = 𝑣 . :. + 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣𝑥
𝑣𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑥) = 0
(𝑣 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
∫ −∫ =0
𝑥 𝑣+1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 + 1| = 𝑐
𝑥
𝑒 𝑙𝑛|𝑣+1| = 𝑒 𝑐
𝑥
=𝑐
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑦 3 − 1
𝑥
= 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑦 3 − 1
𝑐
𝑦 3 = 𝑐𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥|

1.2. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS HOMOGENEAS

EJERCICIO N°1
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑦’(2𝑦 − 3𝑥) = 0
SOLUCION:
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑦’(2𝑦 − 3𝑥) = 0
(4𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos
Sea:
 𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = (4𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥+(2𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [4(𝑟𝑥) − 3(𝑟𝑦)]𝑑𝑥 + [2(𝑟𝑦) − 3(𝑟𝑥)]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [4𝑟𝑥 − 3𝑟𝑦]𝑑𝑥 + [2𝑟𝑦 − 3𝑟𝑥]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟(4𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑟(2𝑦 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟[(4𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦]
16
 ∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 1.
PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
REEMPLAZAMOS:
(4𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

[4𝑥 − 3(𝑣𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + [2(𝑣𝑥) − 3𝑥][𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣] = 0

4𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 = 0

4𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 0

(2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑣𝑥 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑣 = 0

(2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(2𝑣 − 3)𝑑𝑣 = 0

𝑑𝑥 (2𝑣 − 3)𝑑𝑣
+ =0
𝑥 (2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4)

𝑑𝑥 (2𝑣 − 3)𝑑𝑣
∫ +∫ = ∫0
𝑥 (2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4)

1 2(2𝑣 − 3)𝑑𝑣
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + ∫ =𝑐
2 (2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4)

1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4| = 𝑐
2

2𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4| = 𝑐
𝑙𝑛|𝑥 2 (2𝑣 2 − 6𝑣 + 4)| = 𝑐
𝑦2 𝑦
𝑙𝑛 |𝑥 2 (2 − 6 + 4)| = 𝑐
𝑥2 𝑥

2𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 2 = 𝑒 𝑐
𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 = 𝑐

EJERCICIO N°2

𝑥𝑦’ = 𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
SOLUCION:

17
𝑥𝑦’ = 𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0

PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos

Sea:

 𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑟𝑦 + √(𝑟𝑦)2 − (𝑟𝑥)2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑟𝑦 + √𝑟 2 𝑦 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑟𝑦 + √𝑟 2 (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )) 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑟 (𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 [𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥]

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 1.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
REEMPLAZAMOS:

𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0

𝑥[𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣] − [𝑣𝑥 + √(𝑣𝑥)2 − 𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥 = 0

𝑥𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 − [𝑣𝑥 + √𝑣 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥 = 0

𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥√𝑣 2 − 1𝑑𝑥 = 0

𝑥𝑑𝑣 − √𝑣 2 − 1𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
− =0
√𝑣 2 − 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∫ −∫ = ∫0
√𝑣 2 − 1 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
∫ − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑐| = 𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃 − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑐| = 𝑐

𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑐| = 𝑐

18
𝑙𝑛 |𝑣 + √𝑣 2 + 1| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑐| = 𝑐

(𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑐
𝑙𝑛 | |=𝑐
𝑥2

𝑦𝑐 + 𝑐√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑐

𝑦𝑐 + 𝑐√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑥 2

EJERCICIO N°3
4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦’(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦’(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 ) = 0
(4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos
Sea:
 𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = (4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [4(𝑟𝑥)2 − (𝑟𝑥)(𝑟𝑦) + (𝑟𝑦)2 ]𝑑𝑥 + [(𝑟𝑥)2 − (𝑟𝑥)(𝑟𝑦) + 4(𝑟𝑦)2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [4𝑟 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑟 2 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑥 + [𝑟 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑟 2 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 2 [4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑥 + 𝑟 2 [𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 2 [(4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦]

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 2.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
Reemplazamos:
4𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦’(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 ) = 0
4𝑥 2 − 𝑥(𝑣𝑥) + (𝑣𝑥)2 + 𝑦’[𝑥 2 − 𝑥(𝑣𝑥) + 4(𝑣𝑥)2 ] = 0
4𝑥 2 − 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦’[𝑥 2 − 𝑣𝑥 2 + 4𝑣 2 𝑥 2 ] = 0
𝑥 2 [4 − 𝑣 + 𝑣 2 ] + 𝑥 2 𝑦’[1 − 𝑣 + 4𝑣 2 ] = 0
𝑑𝑦
[4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1] = 𝑣 − 𝑣 2 − 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦[4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1] − 𝑑𝑥(𝑣 − 𝑣 2 − 4) = 0
[𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣][4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1] − 𝑑𝑥(𝑣 − 𝑣 2 − 4) = 0
19
4𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑣 2 𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑑𝑥 = 0
4𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑣 2 𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 4𝑑𝑥 = 0
4(𝑣 3 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1)𝑑𝑣 = 0
4 (4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1)
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥 (𝑣 3 + 1)
4 (4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1)
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 0
𝑥 (𝑣 3 + 1)
𝑑𝑥 (4𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1)
4∫ +∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 0
𝑥 (𝑣 3 + 1)
3𝑣 2 + 𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1
4𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐
(𝑣 3 + 1)
3𝑣 2 (𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1)
4𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐
(𝑣 3 + 1) (𝑣 3 + 1)
(𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1)
4𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 3 + 1| + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐
(𝑣 + 1)((𝑣 2 − 𝑣 + 1))
𝑑𝑣
4𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 3 + 1| + ∫ =𝑐
𝑣+1
4𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 3 + 1| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 + 1| = 𝑐

𝑙𝑛|𝑥 4 (𝑣 3 + 1)(𝑣 + 1)| = 𝑐

𝑦3 𝑦
𝑙𝑛 |𝑥 4 ( 3 + 1) ( + 1)| = 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥

𝑦3 + 𝑥3 𝑦 + 𝑥
𝑙𝑛 |𝑥 4 ( )( )| = 𝑐
𝑥3 𝑥

𝑙𝑛|(𝑦 3 + 𝑥 3 )(𝑦 + 𝑥)| = 𝑐

(𝑦 3 + 𝑥 3 )(𝑦 + 𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑐

(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑦 3 + 𝑥 3 ) = 𝑐

EJERCICIO N°4

4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 + 𝑦’(−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 0

SOLUCION:
20
4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 + 𝑦’(−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 0

(4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos
Sea:

 𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = (4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦

𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [4(𝑟𝑥)2 + (𝑟𝑥)(𝑟𝑦) − 3(𝑟𝑦)2 ]𝑑𝑥 + [−5(𝑟𝑥)2 + 2(𝑟𝑥)(𝑟𝑦) + (𝑟𝑦)2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [4𝑟 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑟 2 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑥 + [−5𝑟 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑟 2 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 2 [4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑥 + 𝑟 2 [−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 2 [(4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦]

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 2.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
REEMPLAZAMOS:

4𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 + 𝑦’(−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 0
4𝑥 2 + 𝑥(𝑣𝑥) − 3(𝑣𝑥)2 + 𝑦’[−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(𝑣𝑥) + (𝑣𝑥)2 ] = 0
4𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑥 2 − 3𝑣 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦’[−5𝑥 2 + 2𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣 2 𝑥 2 ] = 0
𝑥 2 [4 + 𝑣 − 3𝑣 2 ] + 𝑥 2 𝑦’[−5 + 2𝑣 + 𝑣 2 ] = 0
𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑣 + 2𝑣 − 5) = 3𝑣 2 − 𝑣 − 4
𝑑𝑥
(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5)𝑑𝑦 − (3𝑣 2 − 𝑣 − 4)𝑑𝑥 = 0
(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5)(𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣) − 3𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 2 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 2𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 5𝑣𝑑𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑑𝑥 = 0
(𝑣 3 − 𝑣 2 − 4𝑣 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑣 2 𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑥 − 5𝑥)𝑑𝑣 = 0
(𝑣 3 − 𝑣 2 − 4𝑣 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5)𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑑𝑥 (𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5)𝑑𝑣
+ 3 =0
𝑥 (𝑣 − 𝑣 2 − 4𝑣 + 4)
𝑑𝑥 (𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5)𝑑𝑣
∫ +∫ 3 = ∫0
𝑥 (𝑣 − 𝑣 2 − 4𝑣 + 4)
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑚 = 𝑐 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (∝)

21
  En ¨m¨:

(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5) (𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5)
=
(𝑣 3 − 𝑣 2 − 4𝑣 + 4) (𝑣 + 2)(𝑣 − 2)(𝑣 − 1)

POR FRACCIONES PARCIALES:

(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5) 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
(𝑣 + 2)(𝑣 − 2)(𝑣 − 1) 𝑣 + 2 𝑣 − 2 𝑣 − 1

(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 − 5) = 𝐴(𝑣 − 2)(𝑣 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑣 + 2)(𝑣 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑣 + 2)(𝑣 − 2)

POR LO TANTO, SE OBTIENE:

−7 29 −2
𝐴= ; 𝐵= ; 𝐶=
18 18 9
ENTONCES REEMPLAZAMOS EN (∝):
−7 𝑑𝑣 29 𝑑𝑣 −2 𝑑𝑣
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + ∫ + ∫ + ∫ =𝑐
18 𝑣 + 2 18 𝑣 − 2 9 𝑣−1
7 29 2
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 + 2| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 − 2| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 − 1| = 𝑐
18 18 9
18 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 7𝑙𝑛|𝑣 + 2| + 29𝑙𝑛|𝑣 − 2| − 4𝑙𝑛|𝑣 − 1| = 𝑐
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
18 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 7𝑙𝑛 | + 2| + 29𝑙𝑛 | − 2| − 4𝑙𝑛 | − 1| = 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦+2 𝑦−2 𝑦−1
18 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 7𝑙𝑛 | | + 29𝑙𝑛 | | − 4𝑙𝑛 | |=𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

EJERCICIO N°5
2𝑥𝑦
𝑦’ =
3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
SOLUCION:
2𝑥𝑦
𝑦’ =
3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
(3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0

PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos

Sea:
22
  𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = (3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [3(𝑟𝑥)2 − (𝑟𝑦)2 ]𝑑𝑦 − [2(𝑟𝑥)(𝑟𝑦)]𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [3𝑟 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦 − [2𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦]𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 2 [3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦 − 𝑟 2 [2𝑥𝑦]𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 2 [(3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥] = 0

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 2.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
REEMPLAZAMOS:
2𝑥𝑦
𝑦’ =
3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥(𝑣𝑥)
= 2
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 − (𝑣𝑥)2
(3𝑥 2 − 𝑣 2 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑣𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 2 (3 − 𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑣𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
(3 − 𝑣 2 )(𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣) − 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
3𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑣 2 𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
(𝑣 − 𝑣 3 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(3 − 𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑣 = 0
1 (3 − 𝑣 2 )
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥 (𝑣 − 𝑣 3 )
1 (3 − 𝑣 2 )
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 0
𝑥 (𝑣 − 𝑣 3 )
(𝑣 2 − 3)
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐
(𝑣 3 − 𝑣)
(𝑣 2 − 3)
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐
𝑣(𝑣 + 1)(𝑣 − 1)
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 3 ∫ −∫ −∫ =𝑐
𝑣 𝑣+1 𝑣−1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 3𝑙𝑛|𝑣| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 + 1| − 𝑙𝑛|𝑣 − 1| = 𝑐
𝑥𝑣 3
𝑙𝑛 | |=𝑐
(𝑣 + 1)(𝑣 − 1)

23
 𝑦3 𝑦3
𝑥3
𝑙𝑛 | 2 𝑥 | = 𝑐 ↔ 𝑥2 = 𝑒𝑐
𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑥2
2
−1
𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑦3
=𝑐 ↔ 𝑦 3 = 𝑐(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑦2 − 𝑥2

𝑐(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑦 3

EJERCICIO N°6
2𝑥𝑦’(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 )
SOLUCION:
(2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0

PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos

Sea:

 𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = (2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦)

𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [2(𝑟𝑥)3 + 2(𝑟𝑥)(𝑟𝑦)2 ]𝑑𝑦 − [(𝑟𝑦)3 + 2(𝑟𝑥)2 (𝑟𝑦)]𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = [2𝑟 3 𝑥 3 + 2𝑟 3 𝑥𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦 − [𝑟 3 𝑦 3 + 2𝑟 3 𝑥 2 𝑦]𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 3 [2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦 − 𝑟 3 [𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦]𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) = 𝑟 3 [(2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥]

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 3.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
REEMPLAZAMOS:
2𝑥𝑦’(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 )
2𝑥𝑦’(𝑥 2 + (𝑣𝑥)2 ) = (𝑣𝑥)[(𝑣𝑥)2 + 2𝑥 2 ]
[2𝑥 3 + 2𝑣 2 𝑥 3 ]𝑑𝑦 = [𝑣 3 𝑥 3 + 2𝑣𝑥 3 ]𝑑𝑥
[2 + 2𝑣 2 ][𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣] − 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
2𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 2𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣 2 𝑥𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
(𝑣 3 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(2𝑣 2 + 2)𝑑𝑣 = 0

24
1 (2𝑣 2 + 2)
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥 𝑣3
1 (2𝑣 2 + 2)
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 0
𝑥 𝑣3
𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 2 ∫ 3
+ 2∫ 3 = 𝑐
𝑣 𝑣
1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 2𝑙𝑛|𝑣| − =𝑐
𝑣2
𝑦2 𝑥2
𝑙𝑛 |𝑥 ( )| − =𝑐
𝑥2 𝑦2

𝑦2 𝑥2
𝑙𝑛 | |=𝑐+ 2
𝑥 𝑦
2
𝑦2 𝑐+
𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑦2
𝑥
𝑥2
2 𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑒 .𝑒 2
𝑦

𝑥2
2
𝑦 = 𝑐. 𝑥. 𝑒 𝑦 2
EJERCICIO N°7

𝑥𝑦 ′ = √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑥∗ = √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑦 = √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ∗ 𝑑𝑥
SOLUCION:

→ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎

𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) → 𝑓(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) ∶ 𝑟𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑦 = √(𝑟𝑦)2 − (𝑟𝑥)2 ∗ 𝑑𝑥

𝑟𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑦 = √𝑟 2 [(𝑦)2 − (𝑥)2 ] ∗ 𝑑𝑥

𝑟𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑟 ∗ √(𝑦)2 − (𝑥)2 ∗ 𝑑𝑥

𝑟 [𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑦 = √(𝑦)2 − (𝑥)2 ∗ 𝑑𝑥] → (𝑟)1 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)

25
=> 𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 1
𝑃𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐴 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑉𝐸𝑅 𝐿𝐴 𝐸𝐷𝑂
𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑦 = 𝑢 ∗ 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥

𝑥[𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥] = √(𝑢𝑥)2 − 𝑥 2 ∗ 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥√(𝑢)2 − 1 ∗ 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥√(𝑢)2 − 1 ∗ 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 [√(𝑢)2 − 1 − 𝑢] 𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑑𝑢 = [√(𝑢)2 − 1 − 𝑢] 𝑑𝑥

1 1
[ ] 𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
√(𝑢)2 − 1 − 𝑢 𝑥

𝑅𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

1 √(𝑢)2 − 1 + 𝑢 1
[ ][ ] 𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
√(𝑢)2 − 1 − 𝑢 √(𝑢)2 − 1 + 𝑢 𝑥

√(𝑢)2 − 1 + 𝑢 1
[ ] 𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
−1 𝑥

1
(−√(𝑢)2 − 1 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
− (√(𝑢)2 − 1) 𝑑𝑢 − (𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 ∶ 𝑢 = sec 𝑣 → 𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑣 tan 𝑣

1
− (√(sec 𝑣)2 − 1) sec 𝑣 tan 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
−(sec 𝑣 (tan 𝑣)2 )𝑑𝑣 − 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
−(sec 𝑣 [(sec 𝑣)2 − 1])𝑑𝑣 − 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
− ∫[(sec 𝑣)3 − sec 𝑣]𝑑𝑣 − 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
sec 𝑣 tan 𝑣 1
− [( + ∫ sec 𝑣𝑑𝑣) − ∫ sec 𝑣𝑑𝑣] − ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2
26
 sec 𝑣 tan 𝑣 1 𝑢2
−[ − ∫ sec 𝑣𝑑𝑣] − = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2
sec 𝑣 tan 𝑣 1 𝑢2
−[ − ln |tan 𝑣 + sec 𝑣|] − = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2
1 sec 𝑣 tan 𝑣 𝑢2
[ ln |tan 𝑣 + sec 𝑣| − ]− = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢) → tan(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)) = √𝑢2 − 1

𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑢)) = 𝑢

𝑙𝑛(√𝑢2 − 1 + 𝑢) 𝑢√𝑢2 − 1 𝑢2
− − = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2
𝑦
𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 ∶ 𝑢 =
𝑥
𝑦2 − 𝑥2 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑥2 𝑦 2
𝑙𝑛(√ 2 + 𝑥) 𝑥 √ 2 ( )
𝑥 𝑥
− − 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2

√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑙𝑛 ( + 𝑥) 𝑦 2 − 𝑥2 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 √𝑦 ( )
−𝑥 − 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2
√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2
𝑙𝑛 ( + ) − ln 𝑥 2 = 𝑘 + 2 √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + ( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑥2 +
𝑦2
𝑙𝑛 ( ) = 𝑘 + √𝑦
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2

√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 𝑦 2 2
𝑦2
𝑙𝑛 ( ) = 𝑘 + 2 √𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
2
√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
(𝑘+ 2 √𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 + 2 )
= 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥3
𝑦
( 2 (√𝑦2 −𝑥 2 +𝑦))
√𝑦 2 3 𝑥
− 𝑥2 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝐶1 𝑒

EJERCICIO N°8
𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 + 𝑦 ′ (𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑥𝑦 + 𝑓𝑦 2 ) = 0
27
 ( 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑥𝑦 + 𝑓𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
→ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎
SOLUCION:
𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) → 𝑓(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦):
(𝑎 (𝑟𝑥)2 + 2𝑏 ∗ 𝑟𝑥 ∗ 𝑟𝑦 + 𝑐(𝑟𝑦)2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏(𝑟𝑥)2 + 2𝑐𝑟𝑥 ∗ 𝑟𝑦 + 𝑓(𝑟𝑦)2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑎 𝑟 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑏 ∗ 𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑟 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑟 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑟 2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑓𝑟 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑟 2 [( 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑥𝑦 + 𝑓𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0] → (𝑟)2 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)
=> 𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 2
𝑃𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐴 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑉𝐸𝑅 𝐿𝐴 𝐸𝐷𝑂
𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑦 = 𝑢 ∗ 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
( 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑢𝑥 + 𝑐(𝑢𝑥)2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑥𝑢𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑢𝑥)2 )(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥) = 0
( 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑢2 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑓𝑢2 𝑥 2 )(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥) = 0
( 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑢2 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 3 + 2𝑐𝑢𝑥 3 + 𝑓𝑢2 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑢 + (𝑏𝑢𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑢2 𝑥 2 + 𝑓𝑢3 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
( 𝑎𝑥 2 + 3𝑏𝑢𝑥 2 + 3𝑐𝑢2 𝑥 2 + 𝑓𝑢3 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 3 + 2𝑐𝑢𝑥 3 + 𝑓𝑢2 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑢 = 0
( 𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑢 + 3𝑐𝑢2 + 𝑓𝑢3 )𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑏 + 2𝑐𝑢 + 𝑓𝑢2 )𝑥 3 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥2 (𝑏 + 2𝑐𝑢 + 𝑓𝑢2 )
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥3 ( 𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑢 + 3𝑐𝑢2 + 𝑓𝑢3 )
1 (𝑏 + 2𝑐𝑢 + 𝑓𝑢2 )
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 0
𝑥 ( 𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑢 + 3𝑐𝑢2 + 𝑓𝑢3 )

1 (3𝑏 + 6𝑐𝑢 + 3𝑓𝑢2 )

ln 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐶
3 ( 𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑢 + 3𝑐𝑢2 + 𝑓𝑢3 )

1
ln 𝑥 + ln( 𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑢 + 3𝑐𝑢2 + 𝑓𝑢3 ) = 𝐶
3
𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑢 →
𝑥
1 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3
ln 𝑥 + ln ( 𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) ) = 𝐶
3 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 3
ln 𝑥 + ln ( 𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) ) = 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

28
 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 1
ln 𝑥 ( 𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) )3 = 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

1 3
𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 3
[𝑥 (𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) ) = 𝑒 𝐶 ]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3
(𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) ) 𝑥 3 = 𝑒 3𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 3 + 3𝑏𝑦𝑥 2 + 3𝑐𝑦 2 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑦)3 = 𝐾

EJERCICIO N°9

(𝑦 4 − 3𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = −𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
SOLUCION:

𝑦 = 𝑧 𝑎 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎𝑧 𝑎−1 𝑑𝑧
(𝑧 4𝑎 − 3𝑥 2 )(𝑎𝑧 𝑎−1 𝑑𝑧) = −𝑥𝑧 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎𝑧 5𝑎−1 − 3𝑎𝑥 2 𝑧 𝑎−1 )𝑑𝑧 = −𝑥𝑧 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
→ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎
𝑓(𝑥; 𝑧) → 𝑓(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑧):
(𝑎𝑧 5𝑎−1 (𝑟)5𝑎−1 − 3𝑎𝑥 2 𝑧 𝑎−1 )(𝑟)𝑎+1 𝑑𝑧 = −𝑥𝑧 𝑎 (𝑟)𝑎+1 𝑑𝑥
1
=> 5𝑎 − 1 = 𝑎 + 1 = 𝑎 + 1 … 𝑎 =
2
1 3 1 −1 1
( (𝑧)2 − 3 𝑥 2 𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑧 = −𝑥𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2
((𝑧)2 − 3𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧 = −2𝑥𝑧𝑑𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 → 𝑧 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
(𝑢2 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 )(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢) = −2𝑢𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑢3 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 𝑢)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑢2 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑢𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑢3 − 3𝑢 + 2𝑢)𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑢2 − 3)𝑥 3 𝑑𝑢 = 0

29
𝑥2 (𝑢2 − 3)
𝑑𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥3 (𝑢 − 3𝑢 + 2𝑢)
1 (𝑢2 − 3)
𝑑𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 (𝑢 − 𝑢)
1 −1 −1 3
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( − + ) 𝑑𝑢 += ∫ 0
𝑥 𝑢−1 𝑢+1 𝑢
1 1 1 3
∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢 += ∫ 0
𝑥 𝑢−1 𝑢+1 𝑢

ln 𝑥 − ln(𝑢 − 1) − ln(𝑢 + 1) + 3 ln 𝑢 = 𝐶

𝑢3
ln 𝑥 + ln ( 2 )=𝐶
𝑢 −1
1
2
𝑧 √𝑦 𝑦 2
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ∶ 𝑢 = = =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
3
𝑦2
(𝑥)
ln 𝑥 + ln 2 =𝐶
𝑦2
(𝑥) −1
( )
𝑦6
3
ln 𝑥 + ln ( 4 𝑥 2 ) = 𝐶
𝑦 −𝑥
𝑥2
𝑦6
ln (𝑥 ∗ )=𝐶
𝑥(𝑦 4 − 𝑥 2 )

𝑦6
ln ( 4 )=𝐶
(𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )

𝑦6
= 𝑒𝐶
(𝑦 4 − 𝑥 2 )

(𝑦 4 − 𝑥 2 ) 1
6
= 𝐶
𝑦 𝑒

30
(𝑦 4 − 𝑥 2 )
6
= −𝑘 → 𝑦 4 − 𝑥 2 = −𝑦 6 𝑘 → 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 6 𝑘
𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 ∶ 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 6 𝑘
EJERCICIO N°10

𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + 2(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
SOLUCION:
𝑦 = 𝑧 𝑎 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎𝑧 𝑎−1 𝑑𝑧
𝑧 3𝑎 𝑑𝑥 + 2(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑧 2𝑎 )𝑎𝑧 𝑎−1 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑧 3𝑎 𝑑𝑥 + 2(𝑥 2 𝑧 𝑎−1 − 𝑥𝑧 3𝑎−1 )𝑎𝑑𝑧 = 0
1
2 + 𝑎 − 1 = 3𝑎 → 𝑎 =
2
3 1 1
𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 2 𝑧 −2 − 𝑥𝑧 2 ) 𝑎𝑑𝑧 = 0

𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 → 𝑧 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢

3 1 1
(𝑢𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 2 (𝑢𝑥)−2 − 𝑥(𝑢𝑥)2 ) 𝑎(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢) = 0

3 1 3 1 3 3 1 5 1 5 1
(𝑢𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 2 𝑢2 − 𝑥 2 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 2 𝑢−2 − 𝑥 2 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢 = 0
2 2
3 1 5 1 5 1
(𝑥 2 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑢−2 − 𝑥 2 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢 = 0

1 1
3 5 𝑢 −2 − 𝑢 2
(𝑥 (2−2) ) 𝑑𝑥 +( 1 ) 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑢 2

1 1
𝑢 −2 − 𝑢 2
(𝑥 (−1) )𝑑𝑥 + ( 1 ) 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑢2
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( − 1) 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 0
𝑥 𝑢

ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑢 − 𝑢 = ln 𝐶

31
 𝑧 𝑦2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 ∶ 𝑢 = =
𝑥 𝑥

𝑦2 𝑦2
ln 𝑥 + ln ( ) − = ln 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥

𝑦2 𝑦2
ln (𝑥 )− = ln 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥

2)
𝑦2
ln(𝑦 − ln 𝐶 =
𝑥
1
𝑥 ln ( 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦 2
𝐶
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 ∶ 𝑥 ln(𝑘𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦 2
EJERCICIO N°11

(𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦′)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
SOLUCION:

𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦′ = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
→ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎

𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) → 𝑓(𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦) ∶ 𝑟𝑦 − 𝑟𝑥𝑦′ = √(𝑟𝑥)2 + (𝑟𝑦)2

𝑟𝑦 − 𝑟𝑥𝑦′ = 𝑟√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

𝑟 [𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦′ = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ] → (𝑟)1 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)

=> 𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 1

𝑃𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐴 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑉𝐸𝑅 𝐿𝐴 𝐸𝐷𝑂

𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑦 = 𝑢 ∗ 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥

𝑦 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦′
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

(𝑦 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦
32
 (𝑢𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + (𝑢𝑥)2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥)

(𝑢𝑥 − 𝑥√1 + 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑥𝑑𝑥

(− 𝑥√1 + 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢

𝑥 1
− 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 √1 + 𝑢2

−ln 𝑥 = ln |𝑢 + √1 + 𝑢2 | + 𝐶

−𝐶 = ln |𝑢 + √1 + 𝑢2 | + ln 𝑥
𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑢 →
𝑥

𝑦 𝑦 2
−𝐶 = ln | + √1 + ( ) | + ln 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

𝑦 𝑦 2
−𝐶 = ln [𝑥 ( + √1 + ( ) )]
𝑥 𝑥

1
−𝐶 = ln (𝑦 + 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑥

−𝐶 = ln [𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ]

𝑒 −𝐶 = 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

𝐾 = 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
2
[𝐾 − 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ]

𝐾 2 − 2𝐾𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 ∶ 𝐾 2 − 𝑥 2 = 2𝐾𝑦

33
EJERCICIO N°12
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 + 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 − 1) = 0
SOLUCION:
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 + 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 − 1) = 0
(3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑃𝐴𝑆𝑂 1: 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑠.
Sea:
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0
{
𝑥−1=0
𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑥 =𝑢+1 ; 𝑦 =𝑣−1
(3𝑢 + 3 + 𝑣 − 1 − 2)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 0
(3𝑢 + 𝑣)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 0

𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 1.

𝑃𝐴𝑆𝑂 2: 𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.
𝑣 = 𝑡𝑢; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑𝑢
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠
(3𝑢 + 𝑣)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 0
(3𝑢 + 𝑡𝑢)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢(𝑢𝑑𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑𝑢) = 0
𝑢(2𝑡 + 3)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
+ =0
𝑢 2𝑡 + 3
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
∫ +∫ = ∫0
𝑢 2𝑡 + 3
1
ln(𝑢) + ln(2𝑡 + 3) = 𝐶
2
2 ln(𝑢) + ln(2𝑡 + 3) = 𝐶
𝑢2 (2𝑡 + 3) = 𝑒 𝐶

34
 𝑦+1
(𝑥 − 1)2 (2 ( ) + 3) = 𝑒 𝐶
𝑥−1
(𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1) = 𝐶

EJERCICIO N°13
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 + 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2) = 0
SOLUCION:
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 + 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2) = 0
(2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
- Hacemos cambio de variable
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡 → 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡
(2𝑡 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡 − 2)(𝑑𝑡 − 𝑑𝑥) = 0
2𝑡𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑡𝑑𝑡 − 𝑡𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑑𝑥 = 0
(2𝑡 − 1 − 𝑡 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡 − 2)𝑑𝑡 = 0
(𝑡 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡 − 2)𝑑𝑡 = 0

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 1.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
(𝑡 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡 − 2)𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑡−2
𝑑𝑥 + ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑡+1
INTEGRANDO
𝑡−2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑡+1
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 + 𝐶 − 3∫ + ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑡+1
𝑥 + 𝐶 − 3 ln(𝑡 + 1) + 𝑡 + 𝐶2 = 0
(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)−3 = 𝑒 𝐶−2𝑥−𝑦
(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)−3 = 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥−𝑦
2𝑥+𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 𝐶𝑒 3

35
EJERCICIO N°14
(3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 7)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
SOLUCION:
(3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 7)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
PASO 1: Verificamos si son homogéneos.
Sea:
7𝑥 − 7 7𝑥 − 7
𝑦= → 3𝑥 − −7 ( )−3= 0
3 3
𝑥=1 𝑦=0
𝑥 = 𝑢 + 1; 𝑦=𝑣
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢; 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
REEMPLAZAMOS:
(3𝑣 − 7(𝑢 + 1) + 7)𝑑𝑢 − (3(𝑢 + 1) − 7𝑣 − 3)𝑑𝑣 = 0
(3𝑣 − 7𝑢)𝑑𝑢 − (3𝑢 − 7𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = 0

∗ por lo tanto, es función homogénea de grado 1.

PASO 2: Hacemos la sustitución para la solución.
𝑣 = 𝑡𝑢; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑𝑢
REEMPLAZAMOS:
(3𝑣 − 7𝑢)𝑑𝑢 − (3𝑢 − 7𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = 0
(3𝑡𝑢 − 7𝑢)𝑑𝑢 + (7𝑡𝑢 − 3𝑢)(𝑢𝑑𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑𝑢) = 0
𝑢(3𝑡 − 7 − 3𝑡 + 7𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢2 (7𝑡 − 3)𝑑𝑡 = 0
(7𝑡 2 − 7)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢(7𝑡 − 3)𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑢 7𝑡 − 3
+ 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑢 7𝑡 − 7
INTEGRANDO:
𝑑𝑢 7𝑡 − 3
∫ +∫ 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑢 7𝑡 − 7
𝑑𝑢 1 14𝑡 − 6
∫ + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑢 2 7𝑡 − 7
𝑑𝑢 1 14𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
∫ + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 2 =0
𝑢 2 7𝑡 − 7 7 𝑡 −1
36
 𝑑𝑢 1 14𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
∫ + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ − ∫ =0
𝑢 2 7𝑡 − 7 14 𝑡 + 1 14 𝑡 − 1
7 3 𝑡+1
𝑙𝑛𝑢 + ln(𝑡 2 − 1) + 𝑙𝑛 ( )=𝐶
14 14 𝑡−1
𝑡+1
14𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 7 ln(𝑡 2 − 1) + 3𝑙𝑛 ( )=𝐶
𝑡−1
REEMPLAZANDO (t, u):
3
7 𝑦
𝑦 2 + 1
𝑙𝑛(𝑥 − 1)14 + 𝑙𝑛 (( ) − 1) + 𝑙𝑛 (𝑥 −
𝑦
1 ) =𝐶
𝑥−1 − 1
𝑥−1
3
7 𝑦
𝑦 2 + 1
(𝑥 − 1)14 (( ) − 1) (𝑥 −
𝑦
1 ) =𝐶
𝑥−1 − 1
𝑥−1
(𝑦 + 𝑥 − 1)5 (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1)2 = 𝐶

EJERCICIO N°15

(𝑦 + 𝑦√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑧2 = 𝑥2𝑦4 + 1 → 2𝑥𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦

SOLUCIÓN:
𝑧𝑑𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 ( )=0
2𝑥 2 𝑦 3

𝑧𝑑𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥
𝑦(1 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + =0
𝑥𝑦 3
𝑥𝑦 4 (1 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑧𝑑𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥𝑦 4 𝑧𝑑𝑥 + 𝑧𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑧2 − 1
( 2 ) 𝑧𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑧𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
+ 2 =0
𝑥 𝑧 −1
INTEGRANDO:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
∫ +∫ 2 =0
𝑥 𝑧 −1

37
 1 𝑧−1
ln(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑛 ( ) = ln(𝐶)
2 𝑧+1
𝑧−1
𝑙𝑛 [𝑥 2 ( )] = ln(𝐶)
𝑧+1

2
(√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 − 1)(√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 − 1)
𝑥 ( )
(√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 + 1)(√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 − 1)
2
(√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 − 1)
𝑥2 =𝐶
𝑥2𝑦4
2
(√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 − 1) = 𝐶𝑦 4

√𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 1 = 𝐶𝑦 2 + 1

EJERCICIO N°16

4𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑀 = 4𝑥𝑦 2
𝑁 = (3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1)
EVALUANDO SI LA EDO ES EXACTA:
𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑁
= 8𝑥𝑦 ; = 6𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑁
≠ → 𝑁𝑂 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑋𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐴
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
BUSCANDO FACTOR INTEGRANTE:
𝑑𝑁 𝑑𝑀
−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑢=
𝑀
−2𝑥𝑦
𝑢=
4𝑥𝑦 2
−1 1 1
− ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑢= → 𝑢(𝑦) = 𝑒 2 𝑦
2𝑦
1
𝑢(𝑦) = 𝑦 −2 − − − − − 𝐹. 𝐼
MULTIPLICANDO A M y N por u(y):

38
 1 1
4𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1)𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
3 1 1
4𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 −2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑑𝑀 1 𝑑𝑁 1
= 6𝑥𝑦 2 ; = 6𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑁
= → 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑋𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐴‼
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
−→ ∃ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)/
3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 4𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑔(𝑦) − − − − − −𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:
1 1 1
3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑔´(𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 −2
1
∫ 𝑔´(𝑦) = ∫ −𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦

1
𝑔(𝑦) = −2𝑦 2 + 𝐶
3 1
2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 𝐶
𝑦(𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1)2 = 𝐶

EJERCICIO N°17
(𝑥 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑦 5 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑧𝛼 𝑑𝑦 = 𝛼. 𝑧 𝛼−1 𝑑𝑧
Reemplazando en la EDO
(𝑥 + 𝑧 3𝛼 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑧 5𝛼 − 3𝑥𝑧 2𝛼 )𝛼. 𝑧 𝛼−1 𝑑𝑧 = 0
(𝑥 + 𝑧 3𝛼 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑧 6𝛼−1 − 3𝑥𝑧 3𝛼−1 )𝛼. 𝑑𝑧 = 0
Para que sea homogénea debe cumplir
1
1 = 3𝛼 = 6𝛼 − 1 = 3𝛼 𝛼=
3
1
(𝑥 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑧 − 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑧 = 0
3

39
 (𝑥 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑥 = 𝑢𝑧 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧𝑑𝑢
(𝑢𝑧 + 𝑧)(𝑢𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧𝑑𝑢) + (𝑧 − 𝑢𝑧)𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑧(𝑢 + 1)(𝑢𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧𝑑𝑢) + 𝑧(1 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑧 = 0
(𝑢2 + 𝑢 + 1 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧(𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑑𝑧 (𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑢
+ =0
𝑧 (𝑢2 + 1)
𝑑𝑧 (𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑢
∫ +∫ = ∫0
𝑧 (𝑢2 + 1)
𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
ln|𝑧| + ∫ 2
+∫ 2 =𝐶
(𝑢 + 1) (𝑢 + 1)
1
ln|𝑧| + ln|𝑢2 + 1| + arctan(𝑢) = 𝐶
2
Para
𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑦3 𝑢=
𝑧
1
ln|𝑧| + ln|𝑢2 + 1| + arctan(𝑢) = 𝐶
2
2 ln|𝑧| + ln|𝑢2 + 1| + 2 arctan(𝑢) = 𝐶

Propiedad de logaritmos
ln 𝑧 2 + ln|𝑢2 + 1| + 2 arctan(𝑢) = 𝐶

6
𝑥2 𝑥
ln (𝑦 ( 6 + 1)) + 2 arctan ( 3 ) = 𝐶
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥
ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 6 ) + 2 arctan ( 3 ) = 𝐶
𝑦

1 𝑥
ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 6 ) + arctan ( 3 ) = 𝐶
2 𝑦
EJERCICIO N°18

2 (𝑥 2 𝑦 + √𝑥 4 𝑦 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑧 = 𝑥2𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦

40
 𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2
Reemplazando
𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥
(2𝑧 + 2√𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 ( )=0
𝑥2

(2𝑧 + 2√𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥) = 0

(2𝑧 + 2√𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦. 𝑑𝑥) = 0

(2𝑧 + 2√𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑧 − 2𝑧𝑑𝑥 = 0

(2𝑧 + 2√𝑧 2 + 1 − 2𝑧) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑧 = 0

(2√𝑧 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
+ =0
𝑥 2√𝑧 2 +1

Integrando
𝑑𝑣
Sabiendo que: ∫√ = ln |𝑣 + √𝑣 2 ± 𝑎2 | + 𝑐
𝑣 2 ±𝑎2

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑧
∫ + ∫ = ∫0
𝑥 2 √𝑧 2 + 1
1
ln|𝑥| + (ln |𝑧 + √𝑧 2 + 12 | = 𝐶
2
2ln|𝑥| + ln |𝑧 + √𝑧 2 + 12 | = 𝐶
Propiedad de logaritmos

𝑥 2 (𝑧 + √𝑧 2 + 1 = 𝐶

𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 𝑦 + √𝑥 4 𝑦 2 + 1 = 𝐶

EJERCICIO N°19
(2𝑥 − 4𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 0
𝑥+𝑦+3=0
𝑦=1
41
𝑥=2
𝑚 =𝑦−1 𝑦 =𝑚+1
𝑛 =𝑥+2 𝑥 =𝑛−2
Reemplazando:
(2𝑛 + 4 + 4𝑚 + 4)𝑑𝑛 + (𝑛 + 2𝑚 + 1 − 3)𝑑𝑚 = 0
(2𝑛 − 4𝑚)𝑑𝑛 + (𝑛 + 𝑚)𝑑𝑚 = 0
m = v. n dm = v. dn + n. dv
Reemplazando:
(2n – 4(v. n))dn + (n + v. n)dm = 0
𝑛(2 – 4v)dn + n(1 + v)( v. dn + n. dv) = 0
(2 – 4v)dn + (1 + v)( v. dn + n. dv) = 0
(2 − 4𝑣)𝑑𝑛 + (𝑣 + 𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑛 + 𝑛(1 + 𝑣) = 0
(𝑣 2 − 3𝑣 + 2)𝑑𝑛 + 𝑛(1 + 𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑑𝑛 (1 + v)dv
+ ((v – 2)(v – 1)) = 0
𝑛

Integrando:
𝑑𝑛 (1 + v)dv
∫ + ∫ ((v – 2)(v – 1)) = ∫ 0
𝑛
ln |n| + 3 ln |v – 2|- 2 ln |v – 1| = C
ln|𝑛|+ ln(v – 2)3 - ln(v – 1) 2 = C
Volviendo a m y n:
𝑚 𝑚
ln|n| + ln( 𝑛 – 2)3- ln( 𝑛 – 1) 2 = C

Por propiedad de logaritmos:

𝑚−2𝑛 3 𝑚
ln (n.( ) ) – ln( 𝑛 – 1) 2 = C
𝑛

(𝑚−2𝑛)2 𝑚−𝑛
ln ( ) – ln( ) 2= C
𝑛2 𝑛

(𝑚−2𝑛)3
ln( (𝑚−𝑛)2
)=C

(𝑚−2𝑛)3
ln( )
𝑒 (𝑚−𝑛)2 = 𝑒𝐶
(𝑚−2𝑛)3
(𝑚−𝑛)2
) =C

42
(𝑚 − 2𝑛)3 = 𝐶(𝑚 − 𝑛)2

Volviendo a X y Y; sabiendo que m = y – 1 y n = x – 2:

[(𝑦 − 1) − 2(𝑥 − 2)]3 = 𝐶[(𝑦 − 1) − (𝑥 − 2)]2

(𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3)3 = 𝐶(𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1)2

EJERCICIO N°21

(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑥−𝑦+3=0
3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0
𝑥 = −1
𝑦=2
𝑚 =𝑥+1 𝑥 =𝑚−1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑚
𝑛 =𝑦−2 𝑦=𝑛+2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑛
Reemplazando:
(𝑚 − 1 − (𝑛 + 2) + 3)𝑑𝑥 + (3(𝑚 − 1) + 𝑛 + 2 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑𝑚 + (3𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑑𝑛 = 0
𝑛 = 𝑣. 𝑚 𝑑𝑛 = 𝑣. 𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚 − 𝑑𝑣
Reemplazando:
(𝑚 − 𝑣. 𝑛)𝑑𝑚 + (3𝑚 + 𝑣. 𝑚)(𝑣. 𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚. 𝑑𝑣) = 0
𝑚(1 − 𝑣)𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚(3 + 𝑣)(𝑣. 𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚. 𝑑𝑣) = 0
(1 − 𝑣)𝑑𝑚 + (3𝑣 + 𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑚 + (3 + 𝑣)(𝑚)𝑑𝑣 = 0
(𝑣 2 + 2𝑣 + 1)𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚(3 + 𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = 0

43
 𝑑𝑚 (3 + 𝑣)𝑑𝑣
+ 2 =0
𝑚 𝑣 + 2𝑣 + 1
Integrando
𝑑𝑚 (3 + 𝑣)𝑑𝑣
∫ +∫ 2 = ∫0
𝑚 𝑣 + 2𝑣 + 1
2
ln|𝑚| + ln|𝑣 + 1| − =𝐶
𝑣+1
Cambiando a m y n:
𝑛 2
ln|𝑚| + ln | + 1| − 𝑛 =𝐶
𝑚 +1
𝑚
𝑛+𝑚 2
ln|𝑚| + ln | |− 𝑛+𝑚 =𝐶
𝑚
𝑚
Por propiedad de logaritmos:
𝑛+𝑚 2𝑚
ln(m. )− =𝐶
𝑚 𝑛+𝑚
2𝑚
ln(𝑚 + 𝑛) − =𝐶
𝑛+𝑚
2𝑚
ln(𝑚 + 𝑛) = 𝐶 +
𝑛+𝑚
2𝑚
𝑒 ln(𝑚+𝑛) = 𝑒 𝐶+𝑛+𝑚
2𝑚
𝑚 + 𝑛 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑛+𝑚
Volviendo a términos de x y y
Sabiendo que: 𝑚 = 𝑥 + 1 y 𝑛 = 𝑦 − 2

2(𝑥−1)
𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 − 2 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥+1+𝑦−2
2𝑥−2)
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥+𝑦−1

2𝑥−2)
𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥+𝑦−1

44
EJERCICIO N°22
Solución:
(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
- Comprobando si es Homogénea

Por teoría si cumple que 𝑓(𝑡𝑥; 𝑡𝑦) = 𝑡 𝑛 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦), entonces 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦), es homogénea

⇒ (𝑡𝑥 + 𝑡𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡𝑥 + 𝑡𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + [𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 1]𝑑𝑦 ≠ 𝑡[(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦]
- Por lo tanto la ecuación no es homogénea, es una ecuación de coeficientes lineales y se
resuelve de la siguiente manera.

(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solución:
𝑣 =𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑦

𝑣(𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑦) + (𝑣 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑣𝑑𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑣𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑦

∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦

𝑣2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦
+𝐶 =𝑦+𝐶 ⇒ −𝑦 =𝐶 ⇒ =𝐶
2 2 2

Respuesta:

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 𝐶

45
EJERCICIO N°23
𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
- Esta ecuación no es homogénea así que tendremos que resolverlo buscando el factor
integrante.
𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑁𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
- Usamos la más conveniente.

𝑀𝑦 − 𝑁𝑥
𝑃(𝑥) =
𝑥

𝑁𝑥 − 𝑀𝑦
𝑃(𝑦) =
𝑦

−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑃(𝑦) =
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2
𝑃(𝑦) = −
𝑦
- Calculamos el factor integrante mediante la siguiente formula.

𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
2
− ∫ 𝑑𝑦 −2
𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 − 2ln 𝑦 = 𝑒 ln 𝑦 = 𝑦 −2

- Multiplicamos el factor integrante por la ecuación del principio.

𝑦 −2 (𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0)

𝑦 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 −1 − 𝑦 −2 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑀𝑦 = −𝑦 −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑁𝑥 = −𝑦 −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

- La ecuación ya es exacta ahora integramos parcialmente 𝑀 respecto a 𝑥.

46
 ∫ 𝑦 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 −1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 −1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑦) = −𝑦 −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 2𝑦 −1 − 𝑦 −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

𝑔′ (𝑦) = 2𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑦

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ 2𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = 2 ln 𝑦 + 𝐶

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
+ 2 ln 𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
( + 2 ln 𝑦 = 𝐶)𝑦
𝑦
- Respuesta:

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝐶𝑦 = 0

EJERCICIO N°24
𝑦 𝑦
(𝑥 − 𝑦 cos ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
Solución:
𝑦
- Usamos la siguiente regla: 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑣 → 𝑣 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥

(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑣 cos 𝑣)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 𝑣 (𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0

𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑣 cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑥 cos 𝑣 = 0
𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = −
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −
𝑥
sin 𝑣 + 𝐶 = − ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
−sin 𝑣 + 𝐶 = ln 𝑥
47
 𝑒 − sin 𝑣+𝑐 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥
𝑒 − sin 𝑣 . 𝑒 𝑐 = 𝑥
Respuesta:

𝐶𝑒 − sin 𝑦/𝑥 = 𝑥

EJERCICIO N°25
𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0
Solución:
- Le damos la forma: 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0
(3𝑦 2 𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0
- Usamos lo siguiente 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑣 ; 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥
[3(𝑥𝑣)2 𝑥 + 2𝑥³]𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑣)3 (𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0

3𝑥 3 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 4 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑥 3 𝑣 4 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥(3𝑣 2 + 2 + 𝑣 4 ) + 𝑥 4 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥(3𝑣 2 + 2 + 𝑣 4 ) = −𝑥 4 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣
=
𝑥4 (3𝑣 2 + 2 + 𝑣 4 )
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑣³𝑑𝑣
∫ 4
=∫ 2
𝑥 (𝑣 + 1)(𝑣 2 + 2)
𝑣³𝑑𝑣
ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 = ∫
(𝑣 2 + 1)(𝑣 2 + 2)
- Descomposición por fracciones parciales
-
2𝑣 𝑣
ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 = ∫( − 2 )𝑑𝑣
𝑣2 +2 𝑣 +1
𝑣 𝑣
ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑣
𝑣2 +2 𝑣 +1
48
 ln(𝑣 2 + 2) ln(𝑣 2 + 1)
ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 = 2 − +𝐶
2 2
ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 = ln(𝑣 2 + 2) − ln(𝑣 2 + 1)1/2
(𝑣 2 + 2)
ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 = ln 1
(𝑣 2 + 1)2
𝑣2 + 2
𝑥𝐶 =
√(𝑣 2 + 1)
𝑦 2
(𝑥 ) + 2
𝑥𝐶 =
2
√(𝑦) + 1
𝑥
𝑦 2 + 2𝑥²
𝑥𝐶 = 𝑥²
2
√𝑦 + 𝑥²
𝑥²
𝑦 2 + 2𝑥²
𝑥𝐶 = 𝑥²
2
√𝑦 + 𝑥²
𝑥
2𝑥 2 + 𝑦²
𝑥²𝐶 =
(√𝑦 2 + 𝑥²)𝑥
Respuesta:

𝑥 2 𝐶√𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦²

EJERCICIO N°26

𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (2√𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

Solución:
- Usamos lo siguiente 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑣 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑣

𝑦(𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑣) + (2√(𝑦𝑣)𝑦 − 𝑦𝑣) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦√𝑣 − 𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦√𝑣 = 0

49
 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 = −2𝑦𝑑𝑦√𝑣
𝑑𝑣 2𝑑𝑦
=−
√𝑣 𝑦
𝑑𝑣 2𝑑𝑦
∫ = −∫
√𝑣 𝑦

2√𝑣 = −2 ln 𝑦 + 𝐶

√𝑣 + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶

𝑒 √𝑣+ln 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝐶

𝑒 √𝑣 . 𝑒 ln 𝑦 = 𝐶
Respuesta:

𝑦𝑒 √𝑥/𝑦 = 𝐶
1.3. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS EXACTAS
1. (2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 + 3 ==> =0
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑦 − 2 ==> =0
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 2𝑦 − 2 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫(2𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦

50
𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 𝐶

2. (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (6𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0

SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2 ==> = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 6𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 3 ==> = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= −𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
6𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 3 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 6𝑦 2 + 3 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫(6𝑦 2 + 3)𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = 2𝑦 3 + 3𝑦 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 3 + 3𝑦 + 𝐶

3. (2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

SOLUCION:

51
 𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 ==> = 4𝑥𝑦 + 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 ==> = 4𝑥𝑦 + 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 0 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ 0

𝑔(𝑦) = 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶

4. (𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ==> = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ==> = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥

52
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 0 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ 0

𝑔(𝑦) = 𝐶 … … … … … … ()
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶

5. (𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0

SOLUCION:
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + 2𝑥
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) + 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑦
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 3
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) + 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 3 )𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 3𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥) … … … … ()

53
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑥"
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 sen(2𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + 2𝑥 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 sen(2𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 3𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝑥) − 3𝑦 + 𝑥 2 + 𝐶

𝑦
6. ( + 6𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + (ln(𝑥) − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥
SOLUCION:
𝑦 𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 1
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 6𝑥 ==> =
𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 1
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = ln 𝑥 − 2 ==> =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ ( + 6𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦ln(𝑥) + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= ln(𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
ln(𝑥) − 2 = ln(𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑦)

54
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −2 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ −2 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = −2𝑦 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = yln(𝑥) + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 ln(𝑥) + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 + 𝐶

𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦
7. 3 + 3⁄ =0
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) ⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 2

SOLUCION:
𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦
3 + 3⁄ =0
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) ⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 2

𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 ==> =0
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 ==> =0
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()
2

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 𝑦 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
55
∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑦2
𝑔(𝑦) = + 𝐶 … … … … … … ( )
2

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑔(𝑦)
2
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + +𝐶
2 2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐶
8. (2𝑥𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 + 3 ==> = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 1 ==> = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(2𝑥𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 − 1 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −1 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ −1 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = −𝑦 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

56
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝐶

9. (cos(𝑥) cos(𝑦) + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = cos(𝑥) cos(𝑦) + 2𝑥 ==> = −cos(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) − 2𝑦 ==> = −𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(cos(𝑥) cos(𝑦) + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) − 2𝑦 = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −2𝑦 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = −𝑦 2 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝐶

𝑥
10. (1 + ln(𝑦))𝑑𝑥 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦
57
 SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 1
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1 + ln(𝑦) ==> =
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 1
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = ==> =
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥ln(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑥"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= ln(𝑦) + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 + ln(𝑦) = ln(𝑦) + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 1 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = xln(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 ln(𝑦) + 𝑥 + 𝐶
11. 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) − 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑥 ==> = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) ==> = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

58
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(−𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 0 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ 0

𝑔(𝑦) = 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

EJERCICIO N°12

𝑦 𝑥
( + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ( − 2𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
1 + 𝑥2𝑦2 1 + 𝑥2𝑦2
i) Sea exacta:

59
 𝑦 𝑑𝑀 −𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 2𝑥 → =
1 + 𝑥2𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 (1 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )2

𝑥 𝑑𝑁 −𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 2𝑥 → =
1 + 𝑥2𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )2

ii) Hallamos f (x ;y)

f (x ; y) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥; 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑦
f (x ; y) = ∫ ( + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
1 + 𝑥2𝑦2
𝑦
f (x ; y) = ∫ ( ) + ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
1 + 𝑥2𝑦2
𝑦
f (x ; y) = ∫ ( ) + ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
1 + 𝑥2𝑦2
1 1
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑣 → 𝑥 = 𝑣 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑣
𝑦 𝑦

f (x ; y) = arctan(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦)
1
f (x ; y) = 𝑦 ∫ ( 𝑑𝑣) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑦(1 + 𝑣 2 )
f (x ; y) = arctan(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦)

iii) Hallamos g(y)

f ( y) = N
𝑥 𝑥
2 2
+ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = − 2𝑦
1+𝑥 𝑦 1 + 𝑥2𝑦2
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −2𝑦

∫ 𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ −2𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = −𝑦 2

iv) Reemplazamos en “m”

60
f (x ; y) = arctan(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
→ 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙𝒚) + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑪

13. (𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

SOLUCION:
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 ==> = 2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑥 2 ==> = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑥2𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()
2

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 0 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = ∫ 0

𝑔(𝑦) = 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑥2𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)
2
𝑥2𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑥3𝑦 + 𝐶
2

61
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝐶

Ejercicio 14
(3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 7)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 7 = 0
3𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 3 = 0
21𝑦 − 49𝑥 + 49 = 0
9𝑥 − 21𝑦 − 9 = 0
−40𝑥 + 40 = 0
𝑥=1 𝑦=0
𝑥 =𝑢+1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑦=𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
(3𝑣 − 7(𝑢 + 1) + 7)𝑑𝑢 − (3(𝑢 + 1) − 7𝑣 − 3)𝑑𝑣 = 0
(3𝑣 − 7𝑢 − 7 + 7)𝑑𝑢 − (3𝑢 + 3 − 7𝑣 − 3) = 0
(3𝑣 − 7𝑢)𝑑𝑢 − (3𝑢 − 7𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑣 = 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
(3𝑢𝑚 − 7𝑢)𝑑𝑢 − (3𝑢 − 7𝑢𝑚)(𝑢𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚𝑑𝑢) = 0
0 = (3𝑢𝑚 − 7𝑢)𝑑𝑢 + (3𝑢2 + 7𝑢2 𝑚 9𝑑𝑚 + (−3𝑢𝑚 + 7𝑢𝑚2 )
7𝑢(𝑚2 − 1)𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢2 (7𝑚 − 3)𝑑𝑚 = 0
7𝑢 7𝑚 − 3
2
𝑑𝑢 + 𝑑𝑚 = 0
𝑢 𝑚−1
𝑑𝑢 7 2𝑚 𝑑𝑚
7∫ + ∫ 𝑑𝑚 − 3 ∫ = ∫0
𝑢 2 𝑚−1 𝑚−1
7 3 𝑚−1
7𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 𝑙𝑛|𝑚 − 1| − 𝑙𝑛 [ ]=𝑐
2 2 𝑚+1
(𝑚 + 1)
𝑢7 (𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 1) = 𝑒𝑐
(𝑚 − 1)
𝑢14 (𝑚 − 1)4 (𝑚 + 1)10 = (𝑒 𝑐 )2
𝑢7 (𝑚 − 1)2 (𝑚 + 1)5 = 𝑒 𝑐

62
 𝑣 𝑣
(𝑥 − 1)7 ( − 1)2 ( + 1)5 = 𝑘
𝑢 𝑢
(𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑦 + 𝑥 − 1)5
(𝑥 − 1)7 = 𝑘
(𝑥 − 1)(5+2)
(𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑦 + 𝑥 − 1)5 = 𝑘

15. (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0  = 𝑒 3𝑥

SOLUCION:
𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 ) ==> = 𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) ==> = 𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑦3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 3𝑥 2
(𝑥 𝑦 + ) + 𝑔(𝑥) … … … … ()
3

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑥"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑦3
= 3𝑒 3𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑒 3𝑥 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 ) = 𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 ) + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 0 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = ∫ 0

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

63
 3𝑥 2
𝑦3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 (𝑥 𝑦 + ) + 𝑔(𝑥)
3

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 3 ) + 𝐶

16. 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1  = 𝑒 −𝑥
SOLUCION:
(𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) ==> = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑒 −𝑥 ==> = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑥"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = ∫(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
64
𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥

𝑒 2𝑦
17. 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑒 −2𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 =
𝑦
SOLUCION:
𝑒 2𝑦 𝑒 2𝑦
(𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑒 −2𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
𝑒 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 − 𝑦 −1 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 2𝑦 ==> = 2𝑒 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 − 𝑦 −1 ==> = 2𝑒 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 − 𝑦 −1 = 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −𝑦 −1 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = − ∫ 𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = − ln(𝑦) + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑦 − ln(𝑦) + 𝐶

65
18. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦) + 2𝑦 𝑐𝑠𝑐(𝑦))𝑑𝑦 = 0  = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)
SOLUCION:
𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)(𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦) + 2𝑦 csc(𝑦))𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) ==> = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 2𝑦 ==> = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑦) … … … … ()

𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 "𝑦"

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 2𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) + 𝑔′(𝑦)
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 2𝑦 … … … … … . 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = − ∫ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 + 𝐶 … … … … … … ()

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 () 𝑒𝑛 ()

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) + 𝑦 2 + 𝐶

EJERCICIO 19
𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝒙
( 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙 + (𝒚𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 … (𝟏)

66
SOLUCION:
𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝟑 𝒅𝒎 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟑
𝑴(𝒙; 𝒚) = + → =− 𝟑 − 𝟐
𝒚𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒚
𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒏 𝟑
𝑵(𝒙; 𝒚) = → = 𝟐
𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒚

CASO 1:
𝒅𝒎 𝒅𝒏 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟔
− − 𝟑 − 𝟐− 𝟐 − 𝟑 − 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 𝒚
𝑷(𝒙) = = =
𝑵 𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒙
𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐
CASO 2:
𝒅𝒏 𝒅𝒎 𝟑 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟑 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟔𝒚
− + + + 𝟑 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒚
𝑷(𝒙) = = 𝟑
= 𝟑 =
𝑴 𝟒𝒙 𝟑 𝟖𝒙 𝟔𝒚 𝒚
+𝒚 𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒚 𝟐 𝟐𝒚 𝟐𝒚
𝟐
∫𝒚𝒅𝒚 𝟐
𝒖(𝒚) = 𝒆∫ 𝑷(𝒙)𝒅𝒚 → 𝒖(𝒚) = 𝒆 → 𝒖(𝒚) = 𝒆𝟐𝒍𝒏(𝒚) → 𝒖(𝒚) = 𝒆𝒍𝒏(𝒚)
𝒖(𝒚) = (𝒚)𝟐
MULTIPLICANDO EN LA ECU. (1)
𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝒙
(𝒚)𝟐 ( 𝟐 + ) 𝒅𝒙 + (𝒚)𝟐 ( 𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒚 𝒚 𝒚

(𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟑𝒙)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

i. Sea exacta

𝒅𝒎
𝑴(𝒙; 𝒚) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒚 → =𝟑
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒏
𝑵(𝒙; 𝒚) = 𝟑𝒙 → =𝟑 es exacta
𝒅𝒙

ii. Hallamos f (x; y)

𝒇(𝒙; 𝒚) = ∫ 𝑴(𝒙; 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚)

𝒇(𝒙; 𝒚) = ∫(𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒚 )𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚)

67
 𝒇(𝒙; 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒚) … … … (𝟐)
iii. Hallamos g(y)

𝒅𝒇(𝒙; 𝒚)
= 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒈′(𝒚)
𝒅𝒚
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒈′(𝒚)
𝒈′ (𝒚) = 𝑲

Reemplazamos en el ecu. (2)

𝒅𝒇(𝒙; 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚 + 𝑲

𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚 = 𝒄 … 𝑹𝑷𝑻

EJERCICIO N°20

(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑚(3𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑥−𝑦+3=0
3𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 2 = 0
16 7
𝑥= 𝑦=−
3 3
16 7
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢: 𝑥 = 𝑢 − 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑚: 𝑦 = 𝑚 −
3 3
16 7
(𝑢 − − 𝑚 + + 3) 𝑑𝑢 + (3𝑢 − 16 − 6𝑚 + 14 + 2)𝑑𝑚
3 3
(𝑢 − 𝑚)𝑑𝑚 + (3𝑢 − 6𝑚)𝑑𝑚 = 0
𝑢 = 𝑙𝑚 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚𝑑𝑙
(𝑙𝑚 − 𝑚)(𝑙𝑑𝑚 + 𝑚𝑑𝑙) + (3𝑙𝑚 − 6𝑚)𝑑𝑚 = 0
(𝑙𝑚2 − 𝑙𝑚)𝑑𝑚 + (𝑙𝑚2 − 𝑚2 )𝑑𝑙 + (3𝑙𝑚 − 6𝑚) = 0
𝑚(𝑙 2 − 2𝑙 − 6)𝑑𝑚 + (𝑙𝑚2 − 𝑚2 )𝑑𝑙 = 0
1 𝑙−1
𝑑𝑚 + 2 𝑑𝑙 = 0
𝑚 𝑙 − 2𝑙 − 6
1 1 2𝑙 − 2
∫ + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑙 = ∫ 0
𝑚 2 𝑙 − 2𝑙 − 6

68
 1
𝑙𝑛|𝑚| + 𝑛|𝑙 2 − 2𝑙 − 6| = 𝐶
2
7 1 𝑢2 𝑢
𝑙𝑛 |𝑦 + | + 𝑙𝑛 |( ) − 2 ( ) − 6| = 𝐶
3 2 𝑚 𝑚

1.4. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS LINEALES

EJERCICIO 1
𝑦´ + 3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑒 −2𝑥
Solución:
𝑃(𝑥) = 3 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑒 −2𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 3𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑒 3𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑒 3𝑥 )´ = (𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑒 3𝑥 )´ = ∫(𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑦𝑒 3𝑥 = − + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
3 9

𝑥 1
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −3𝑥 + − + 𝑒 −2𝑥
3 9

EJERCICO 2
𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥
Solución:
𝑝(𝑥) = −2
𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ −2𝑑𝑥
69
𝜇 = 𝑒 −2𝑥

𝑦𝑒 −2𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

−2𝑥
𝑥3
𝑦𝑒 = +𝐶
3
2𝑥
𝑥 3𝑒
𝑦= + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥
3

EJERCICIO 3
𝑦´ + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 1
Solución:
𝑃(𝑥) = 1 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 1

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑒 𝑥 )´ = ( 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑒 𝑥 )´ = ∫( 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

𝑥2
𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
2
𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 + 1 +
2

EJERCICIO 4
𝑦
𝑦′ + = 3cos(2𝑥)
𝑥
SOLUCION:
1
𝑝(𝑥) =
𝑥

70
𝑞(𝑥) = 3cos(2𝑥)
1
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒 ln(𝑥)
𝜇=𝑥

𝑦𝑥 = ∫ 3 cos(2𝑥) 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Por partes:

∗ ∫ 3 cos(2𝑥) 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 3cos(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)
2

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

3 3
∗ ∫ 3 cos(2𝑥) 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2 2
3 3
∗ ∫ 3 cos(2𝑥) 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) − (− cos(2𝑥)) + 𝐶
2 4
3 3
∗ ∫ 3 cos(2𝑥) 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶
2 4
3 3
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶
2 4
3 3 cos(2𝑥) 𝐶
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + +
2 4𝑥 𝑥
EJERCICIO 5
𝑦´ − 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥

Solución:
𝑃(𝑥) = −1 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 2𝑒 𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ −1𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 −𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:

71
 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 )´ = 2𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 )´ = ∫ 2𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥
EJERCICIO 6
𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
SOLUCION:
2𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑦′ + =
𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑝(𝑥) =
𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑞(𝑥) =
𝑥
2
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒 2ln(𝑥)
𝜇 = 𝑥2
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) 2
𝑦𝑥 2 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑦𝑥 2 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑥𝑑𝑥

Integrando por partes:

∗ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = −cos(𝑥)

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − ∫(− cos(𝑥))𝑑𝑥

72
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐶

Reemplazando:
𝑦𝑥 2 = −𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐶
𝐶 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑦=
𝑥2

EJERCICIO 7
2
𝑦´ + 2𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
Solución:
2
𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
2
𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 ′
(𝑦𝑒 𝑥 ) = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 ′
∫(𝑦𝑒 𝑥 ) = ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

2
𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥

EJERCICIO 8
1
(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′ + 4𝑥𝑦 =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
SOLUCION:
4𝑥𝑦 1
𝑦′ + 2
=
1+𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 )3

73
 4𝑥
𝑝(𝑥) =
1 + 𝑥2
1
𝑞(𝑋) =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )3
4𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝜇=𝑒 1+𝑥 2

𝑑(1+𝑥 2 )
2∫
𝜇= 𝑒 1+𝑥 2

2)
𝜇 = 𝑒 2ln(1+𝑥
𝜇 = 1 + 𝑥2

1
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 = ∫ (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑥 2 )3
𝑑𝑥
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 = ∫
1 + 𝑥2
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 = arctan(𝑥) + 𝐶
arctan(𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑦=
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
EJERCICIO 9
𝑦´ − 𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 ; 𝑦(0) = 1

Solución:
𝑃(𝑥) = −1 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ −1𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 −𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 )´ = 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 )´ = ∫ 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

74
 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥

Hallando C:
𝑥=0 ; 𝑦=1
𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥

1 = 2(0 − 1)𝑒 2(0) + 𝐶𝑒 (0)

1 = (−2)(1) + 𝐶(1)
𝐶=3
Por lo tanto:
𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥

𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑒 𝑥
EJERCICIO 10
𝑦 = +2𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 ; 𝑦(1) = 0
SOLUCION:
𝑝(𝑥) = 2
𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒 2𝑥

𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
𝑥2
𝑦𝑒 = +𝐶
2
𝑥 2 +2𝐶
𝑦= Solución general
𝑒 2𝑥

Para: 𝑦(1) = 0
12 + 2𝐶
=0
𝑒 2(1)
1 + 2𝐶
=0
𝑒2
1
𝐶=−
2
75
Reemplazando:
−1
𝑥2 + 2 ( 2 )
𝑦=
2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑥2 − 1
𝑦=
2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 1)
2

EJERCICIO 11
1
𝑥𝑦´ + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑦(1) =
2
Entre “x”:
2𝑦 1
𝑦´ + =𝑥−1+
𝑥 𝑥
Solución:
2 1
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 +
𝑥 𝑥
2
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥 2
Usando el factor de integración:
2𝑦 1
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 − 1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = ∫(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

2
𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
𝑦𝑥 = − + +𝐶
4 3 2
𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= − + + 𝐶𝑥 −2
4 3 2
Hallando C:
1
𝑥=1 ; 𝑦=
2
76
 𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= − + + 𝐶𝑥 −2
4 3 2
1 1 1 1
= − + + 𝐶(1)−2
2 4 3 2
1
𝐶=
12
Por lo tanto:
𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= − + + 𝐶𝑥 −2
4 3 2
𝑥 2 𝑥 1 1 −2
𝑦= − + + 𝑥
4 3 2 12
3𝑥 4 4𝑥 3 6𝑥 2 1
𝑦= − + +
12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2

3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 1
𝑦=
12𝑥 2

EJERCICIO 12
2𝑦 cos(𝑥)
12) 𝑦 ′ + = ; 𝑦(𝜋) = 0
𝑥 𝑥2
SOLUCION:
2 cos(𝑥)
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥2
2𝑑𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒∫ 𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 2ln(𝑥)
𝜇 = 𝑥2

2
cos(𝑥)𝑥 2
𝑦𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

𝑦𝑥 2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝐶

77
 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)+𝐶
𝑦= Solución general
𝑥2

Para: 𝑦(𝜋) = 0

𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋) + 𝐶
0=
𝑥2

𝐶=0
Reemplazando:
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑦=
𝑥2

EJERCICIO 13
𝑦´ − 2𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 ; 𝑦(0) = 2
Solución:

𝑃(𝑥) = −2 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑒 2𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ −2𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑒 −2𝑥 )´ = 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑒 −2𝑥 )´ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥
Hallando C:
𝑥=0 ; 𝑦=2

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥

78
 2 = (0)𝑒 2(0) + 𝐶𝑒 2(0)
2 = 𝐶(1)
𝐶=2
Por lo tanto:
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝐶)𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)𝑒 2𝑥

EJERCICIO 14
𝑦
𝑦´ + = sin 𝑥
𝑥
Solución:

1
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
𝑥
1
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 + = sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = xsin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

(𝑦𝑥)´ = xsin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑥)´ = ∫ xsin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑦 = sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝐶 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦= − cos 𝑥
𝑥
EJERCICIO 15
𝑦´ + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = 𝑥 sin 2𝑥
Solución:

79
 𝑃(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥 sin 2𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = sec 𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦 sec 𝑥)´ = 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦 sec 𝑥)´ = ∫ 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 sec 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 − 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2𝑥(cos 𝑥)2 + 𝐶 cos 𝑥
𝑦 = (𝐶 − 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥) cos 𝑥
EJERCICIO 16
𝑥𝑦´ + 2𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
2𝑦 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦´ + =
𝑥 𝑥

Solución:
2 𝑒𝑥
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) =
𝑥 𝑥
2
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥 2

Usando el factor de integración:

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑥 2 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

80
 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥2
EJERCICIO 17
1
𝑥𝑦´ + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑦(1) =
2
Entre “x”:
2𝑦 1
𝑦´ + =𝑥−1+
𝑥 𝑥
Solución:
2 1
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 +
𝑥 𝑥
2
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥 2
Usando el factor de integración:
2𝑦 1
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 − 1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = ∫(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
𝑦𝑥 2 = − + +𝐶
4 3 2
𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= − + + 𝐶𝑥 −2
4 3 2
Hallando C:
1
𝑥=1 ; 𝑦=
2

𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= − + + 𝐶𝑥 −2
4 3 2
1 1 1 1
= − + + 𝐶(1)−2
2 4 3 2
1
𝐶=
12
81
Por lo tanto:
𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= − + + 𝐶𝑥 −2
4 3 2
𝑥 2 𝑥 1 1 −2
𝑦= − + + 𝑥
4 3 2 12
3𝑥 4 4𝑥 3 6𝑥 2 1
𝑦= − + +
12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2
3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 + 𝑥 −2
𝑦=
12

EJERCICIO 18
𝑥𝑦´ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑦(1) = 1
𝑦 𝑒𝑥
𝑦´ + =
𝑥 𝑥

Solución:
1 𝑒𝑥
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) =
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:

𝑦 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑥)´ = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦𝑥)´ = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥

82
Hallando C:
𝑥=1 ; 𝑦=1
𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥
𝑒1 + 𝐶
1=
1
𝐶 =1−𝑒
Por lo tanto:
𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥
𝑒𝑥 + 1 − 𝑒
𝑦=
𝑥

EJERCICIO 19
𝜋
𝑦´ + 𝑦 cot 𝑥 = 2 csc 𝑥 ; 𝑦( ) = 1
2
Solución:
𝑃(𝑥) = cot 𝑥 ; 𝑄(𝑥) = 2 csc 𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ cot 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
Usando el factor de integración:
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 cot 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2 csc 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑥
(𝑦 sin 𝑥)´ = 2𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑦 sin 𝑥)´ = ∫ 2𝑑𝑥

y sin 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
sin 𝑥
Hallando C:
𝜋
𝑥= ; 𝑦=1
2

83
 2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
sin 𝑥
𝜋
2 (2) + 𝐶
1= 𝜋
sin( 2)

𝐶 = 1−𝜋
Por lo tanto:
2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
sin 𝑥
2𝑥 + 1 − 𝜋
𝑦=
sin 𝑥
EJERCICIO 20
1
𝑥𝑦´ + 2𝑦 = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑦(𝜋) =
𝜋
2𝑦 sin 𝑥
𝑦´ + =
𝑥 𝑥

Solución:
2 sin 𝑥
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) =
𝑥 𝑥
2
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥 2
Usando el factor de integración:
2𝑦 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = x sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = x sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

84
 ∫(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = ∫ x sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑥 2 = sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥2
Hallando C:
1
𝑥=𝜋 ; 𝑦=
𝜋
sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥2
1 sin 𝜋 − 𝜋 cos 𝜋 + 𝐶
=
𝜋 𝜋2
𝐶=0

Por lo tanto:
sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥2
sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑦=
𝑥2
EJERCICIO 21
2 1
𝑦´ = 𝑦= 2
𝑥 𝑥

Solución:
2 1
𝑃(𝑥) = ; 𝑄(𝑥) =
𝑥 𝑥2
2
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼 = 𝑥 2
Usando el factor de integración:
2 1
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 1𝑑𝑥
(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = 𝑑𝑥

85
∫(𝑦𝑥 2 )´ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥+𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥2

86