Caso Práctico de Leasing Financiero

Vamos a considerar los siguientes datos como los contenidos en el contrato de arrendamiento
financiero:
a. Monto de la cuota mensual S/.38,764.30 (son 24 cuotas)
b. Monto opción de compra S/.20,000.00
c. Plazo del contrato 2 años (24 meses)
d. Tasa de interés anual 16.00%
e. Tasa de interés mensual 1.245%
f. Fecha de contrato 01.03.11
g. Depreciación contable 20%
h. Depreciación tributaria plazo del contrato

Para fines contables, se tiene conocimiento que el Valor Razonables es de S/.690,000.00.

1. Determinación del Valor Actual de las Cuotas

Reemplazando la Formula tenemos:

Para el presente caso, vamos a asumir que el Valor Presente representa a la vez
el valor financiado, quiere decir, el monto que desembolsó la empresa leasing al
Proveedor, cuyo detalle es como sigue:

Comparado con el Valor Razonable del cual hemos mencionado que es de S/.690,000.00,
la contabilización se hará por el menor, en este caso por el Valor
Razonable.

2. Deuda a Valor Financiado (Valor Presente)

COMPOSICION DE LA CUOTA
N° de Monto de
Cuota Financiamiento Int
Amortizacion Cuotas IGV Total a Pagar
0.012445138
1 S/. 814,863.26 S/. 10,141.09 S/. 28,623.21 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
2 S/. 786,240.04 S/. 9,784.87 S/. 28,979.43 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
3 S/. 757,260.61 S/. 9,424.21 S/. 29,340.09 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
4 S/. 727,920.52 S/. 9,059.07 S/. 29,705.23 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
5 S/. 698,215.29 S/. 8,689.39 S/. 30,074.91 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
6 S/. 668,140.38 S/. 8,315.10 S/. 30,449.20 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
7 S/. 637,691.18 S/. 7,936.15 S/. 30,828.15 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
8 S/. 606,863.03 S/. 7,552.49 S/. 31,211.81 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
9 S/. 575,651.23 S/. 7,164.06 S/. 31,600.24 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
10 S/. 544,050.99 S/. 6,770.79 S/. 31,993.51 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
11 S/. 512,057.48 S/. 6,372.63 S/. 32,391.67 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
12 S/. 479,665.80 S/. 5,969.51 S/. 32,794.79 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
13 S/. 446,871.01 S/. 5,561.37 S/. 33,202.93 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
14 S/. 413,668.08 S/. 5,148.16 S/. 33,616.14 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
15 S/. 380,051.94 S/. 4,729.80 S/. 34,034.50 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
16 S/. 346,017.44 S/. 4,306.23 S/. 34,458.07 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
17 S/. 311,559.37 S/. 3,877.40 S/. 34,886.90 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
18 S/. 276,672.47 S/. 3,443.23 S/. 35,321.07 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
19 S/. 241,351.40 S/. 3,003.65 S/. 35,760.65 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
20 S/. 205,590.75 S/. 2,558.61 S/. 36,205.69 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
21 S/. 169,385.05 S/. 2,108.02 S/. 36,656.28 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
22 S/. 132,728.77 S/. 1,651.83 S/. 37,112.47 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
23 S/. 95,616.30 S/. 1,189.96 S/. 37,574.34 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
24 S/. 58,041.96 S/. 722.34 S/. 38,041.96 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
O.C. S/. 0.00 S/. 20,000.00 S/. 20,000.00 S/. 3,600.00 S/. 23,600.00
TOTAL S/. 135,479.94 S/. 814,863.26 S/. 950,343.20 S/. 171,061.78 S/. 1,121,404.98
3. Deuda a Valor Razonable (Valor Presente)

N° de Monto de
COMPOSICION DE LA CUOTA
Cuota Financiamiento Int
Amortizacion Cuotas IGV Total a Pagar
2.68%
1 S/. 690,003.68 S/. 18,519.70 S/. 20,244.60 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
2 S/. 669,759.08 S/. 17,976.33 S/. 20,787.97 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
3 S/. 648,971.11 S/. 17,418.38 S/. 21,345.92 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
4 S/. 627,625.20 S/. 16,845.46 S/. 21,918.84 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
5 S/. 605,706.36 S/. 16,257.16 S/. 22,507.14 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
6 S/. 583,199.22 S/. 15,653.07 S/. 23,111.23 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
7 S/. 560,087.98 S/. 15,032.76 S/. 23,731.54 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
8 S/. 536,356.44 S/. 14,395.81 S/. 24,368.49 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
9 S/. 511,987.95 S/. 13,741.76 S/. 25,022.54 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
10 S/. 486,965.41 S/. 13,070.15 S/. 25,694.15 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
11 S/. 461,271.26 S/. 12,380.52 S/. 26,383.78 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
12 S/. 434,887.48 S/. 11,672.38 S/. 27,091.92 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
13 S/. 407,795.56 S/. 10,945.23 S/. 27,819.07 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
14 S/. 379,976.49 S/. 10,198.57 S/. 28,565.73 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
15 S/. 351,410.76 S/. 9,431.86 S/. 29,332.44 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
16 S/. 322,078.33 S/. 8,644.58 S/. 30,119.72 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
17 S/. 291,958.61 S/. 7,836.17 S/. 30,928.13 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
18 S/. 261,030.48 S/. 7,006.06 S/. 31,758.24 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
19 S/. 229,272.24 S/. 6,153.67 S/. 32,610.63 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
20 S/. 196,661.60 S/. 5,278.40 S/. 33,485.90 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
21 S/. 163,175.70 S/. 4,379.64 S/. 34,384.66 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
22 S/. 128,791.04 S/. 3,456.75 S/. 35,307.55 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
23 S/. 93,483.49 S/. 2,509.10 S/. 36,255.20 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
24 S/. 57,228.28 S/. 1,536.01 S/. 37,228.29 S/. 38,764.30 S/. 6,977.57 S/. 45,741.87
O.C. S/. 20,000.00 S/. 20,000.00 S/. 3,600.00 S/. 23,600.00
TOTAL S/. 260,339.51 S/. 690,003.69 S/. 950,343.20 S/. 171,061.78 S/. 1,121,404.98

4. Explicación de la tasa de interés de 2.684%.

La manera de determinar la tasa de interés, partiendo del valor razonable, es empleando

la misma fórmula utilizada anteriormente, sólo que la dinámica consistirá en tantear un
porcentaje que luego de ser aplicado, se aproxime al Valor Razonable de S/.690,000.00.
Si aplicamos 2.650% resulta S/.692,623.52 (por encima)
Si aplicamos 2.684% resulta S/.690,003.68 (el más aproximado)
Si aplicamos 2.700% resulta S/.688,775.82 (por debajo)

5. Gasto por intereses

El presente cuadro pretende mostrar los importes del gasto por concepto de interés
devengados en cada período, de manera comparativa entre el gasto tributario y el gasto
contable:
INTERESES IMPUESTO
PERIODO DIFERENCIA
TRIBUTARIO CONTABLE RENTA 30%
2011 84,837.22 158,910.58 -74,073.36 -22,222.01
2012 48,730.43 97,383.83 -48,653.40 -14,596.02
2013 1,912.30 4,045.10 -2,132.81 -639.84
2014 0.00 0.00
2015 0.00 0.00
2016 0.00 0.00
135,479.94 260,339.51 -124,859.57 -37,457.87
6. Gasto por depreciación
Lo que se pretende mostrar en el presente cuadro, es el gasto de la depreciación
contable y la depreciación tributaria, del cual, partiendo de la base contable del Valor
Razonable, el importe de gasto por depreciación para el Ejercicio 01 es de
S/.115,000.61, mientras que para fines tributarios, el gasto permitido (aplicando
depreciación acelerada) es de S/.339,526.36, surgiendo en dicho período una
diferencia de S/.224,525.74:

DEPRECIACION IMPUESTO
PERIODO DIFERENCIA
TRIBUTARIO CONTABLE RENTA 30%
2011 339,526.36 115,000.61 224,525.74 67,357.72
2012 407,431.63 138,000.74 269,430.89 80,829.27
2013 67,905.27 138,000.74 -70,095.47 -21,028.64
2014 138,000.74 -138,000.74 -41,400.22
2015 138,000.74 -138,000.74 -41,400.22
2016 23,000.12 -23,000.12 -6,900.04
814,863.26 690,003.69 124,859.57 37,457.87

7. Consolidación de diferencias
Uniendo las diferencias encontradas, podemos apreciar que éstas son temporales, lo
que hace que en el Período 01 y Período 02 surja una pasivo tributario diferido de
S/.45,135.71 y S/.66,233.25, mientras que a partir del Período 03 en adelante, el
pasivo acumulado hasta fines del Período 02 inicie su proceso de regularización, tal
como se puede apreciar en el cuadro siguiente:

DEPRECIACION IMPUESTO
PERIODO DIFERENCIA
INTERES DEPRECIACION RENTA 30%
2011 -74,073.36 224,525.74 150,452.38 45,135.71
2012 -48,653.40 269,430.89 220,777.49 66,233.25
2013 -2,132.81 -70,095.47 -72,228.27 -21,668.48
2014 0.00 -138,000.74 -138,000.74 -41,400.22
2015 0.00 -138,000.74 -138,000.74 -41,400.22
2016 0.00 -23,000.12 -23,000.12 -6,900.04
-124,859.57 124,859.57 0.00 0.00

8. Contabilización
Los asientos contables están formulados en aplicación del PCGE:

8.1. Asiento contable a Valor Razonable

8.2. Asiento contable de Intereses Devengados 2011

8.3. Asiento contable de la Cuota 1

8.4. Asiento contable del pago de la Cuota 1

8.4. Contabilización de la Depreciación Anual 2011