a Cha ain2 SoaA rrowiem2 SOLUTION As Fat ices 2 @ S=fe. As d+ f ._[GRRFIO*) 2 Po, _8.5xI0% EE () 6 8 Tamer * 2.1 A steel rod is 2.2 m long and must not stretch more than 1.2 mm when & 8.5 KN load is applied to it. Knowing that £ = 200 GPa, determine (a) the smallest diameter rod which should be used, (4) the corresponding normal stress caused by the load, xp? V2. . “6 8 S “Goowotianiosy = 1792 x/0° m 9.16 x10 mm = 3% mm — 109.1 x10° Pa = JO%) MPa ~ PROBLEM 2.2 SOLUTION @) Le e ep tte AS fe 42 = PL _ (750576) ‘ aes : 82 KE Geos Carmo) 7 30-3x10"* in = 0.0803 4 me = 3 abies = 15:28 «10% psi = 2.2 A 48-ft-tong steel wire of + in. diameter steel wire is subjected to a 750-Ib_ tensile load, Knowing that £ «29 x 10° psi, determine (a) the elongation ofthe wire, (b) the corresponding nonmal stress. A-¥d*= 57.6 in Hg} = 49.087 x10 in 1S28 ksi - ~Pl . @) s-fF + Ls pee | : 2.3. Two gage marks are placed exacty 10 inches apart on a + -in-diameter PROBLEM 23 aluminum rod with £ = 10.1 x 10° psi and an ultimate strength of 16 ksi. that the distance between the gage marks is 10.009 in. after a load is applied, SOLUTION determine (a) the stress in the rod, (B) the factor of safety. (@) $= 10.004 = 10.000 = 0.009 in 3S Ss ./ ¥/0* ow Pep. oe: 8. [Link]* Vo.004) 0.009). 9,09 x10" ps: . = 9.09 ksi se ee ) FS * 2+ aoq = 1-760 ~« 24 A control rod made of yellow brass must not stretch more than 3 mm PROBLEM 24 tcson nthe wires 4AM Kaowng that E108 GPs end hte muon allowable normal tess is 180 MP, determine (a) the smallest ameter that can be SOLUTION selected forte rod, () the coresponding maxiraum length ofthe tod aioe xio“® mt = 22 lo“S im @ oF A= -€- Borloe 7 2% 22x10 $.82 ¥10 = = mm 4x (oF = 1,750 m -_ HNC 22.222 %107F vEf ca 28 A.9-m length of 6-mm-diametr steel wires tobe used ina hanger. Is noted thatthe wire stetches 18 mm when tensile force Pis applied. Knowing that B=200 (GPa, determin (a) the magnitude of the force P, (6) the coresponding normal stress SOLUTION inthe wire ) A= Fd? = E([Link])? = 28.274 610°% mt PROBLEM 2.5 g= 2 BES _ (28.27410% X200x107(130107 Ae t a = IL BIO N= LSE KN ~ 2 BL US < . 6) oF x Farxor = tooxlo Pa 400 MPa —_ 2.6 A4.5ft aluminum pipe should not stetch more than 0.05, when its subjected PROBLEM 26 tor tensile load Knowing tat = 10.1 > 10" pa and hatte allowable ele nae strength is 14 ksi, determine (a) the maximum allowable length of the pipe, (b) the the tensile load is 1275 ips ES ~ (10.110*)(0.08) _ 3g) 3, we aS = = 36.1 tn TASS @) 6-Rs A-2- 27.5 xIo% _ atl iat a cv TH xo" Gieateaaets PROBLEM 2.7 2.7. Arnylon thread is subjected toa 8.5-N tension force. Knowing that E= 3.3 GPa and that the length ofthe thread increases by 1.1 %, determine () the diameter of the thread, (6) the stress in the thread. SOLUTION ie ateceye aeeeeceepee @) Pes F = 70.904 s+ Pe sa, BE. sar a 234.16 x10" m KE ES ~3.3x(07 Ax Fo® 2 d= YEE = 0.546 x10 m = 0.5HE mn « (b) = B62K/0° Pa = 363 MPa - 28 A caseizon tube is used 1 support a compressive load, Knowing that E= 10 = PROBLEM 2.8 {Ot pi and tht Che maximum allowable change in length is 0.25 preet, detrine (@ the maximums normal sess inthe tube (8) the minimum wall hckness fora load SOLUTION (of 1600 Ib ifthe outside diameter ofthe we is? 9.085 @ shee = 0-00025 oz gs = (lo wpo* (2.22025) = 2.8 «0% psi = 2.8 ksi =< () oe 2 A = : je = 0.640 in® A = [email protected]:*) its do 4A = 2.0% leet) = 3 past in® t= k(do-dz) = £(20- 1.7847) = 0.1077 in. -_ dz = 1.7847 inA 29 A block of 10-in. length and 1.8%1.6 in. cross section is to support a cent PROBLEM 29 compressive lad P. The material o be used isa bronze for which B=14 * 10° ps Daria ic gestodene apd king at he oral se SOLUTION sot exceed 18 ks and thatthe dereae in length ofthe block should beat most 0.12 percent of its origina length. Considering ollowabbe stress 6 = 18 tsi = 187/0% psi A= 0-8 CLC) = 2.88 in™ o:f P= GA = (i8xj08 (2 88) 2 51.8 *10° Me Considering allowable deformetion $2 fle = 0.0012 8a FE+ Ps AGE = (2.88) ¥10"0.002)= 48.4 mo" Sb Smaller vadue governs P= 48.4txlo* th = 48.4 kips = 2.10 A9-4N tensile load will be applied toa $0-m length of steel wire with = 200 ae GPa. Determine the smallest diameter wire which can be used, knowing that the ‘normal stress must not exceed 150 MPa and that the increase inthe length ofthe wire SOLUTION should best most 25 mm. Considering aMowable stress © = 180 «10% Pa. >. seca rey Mp eare oo yt ee Con sidering aMowable elongation § = 25x10 m ie Ee a Fe (9x 10% )( 50) ‘a “6 S-aet A 3 7 Geena > Raaleties havger area governs = Yo xX/O ta A= Fat ds. +f - [ea CAGE") 10.10 110" m = 10.72 mm «2.11 The 4-mm-diameter cable BC is made of a stee! with £=200 GPa. Know OF PROBLEM 2 ae rn ir nt calconat nt aced 100 Manda the ‘longation ofthe cable must not exceed 6 mm, find the maximum load P that can be ‘applied as shown, jae tary SOLUTION Lee fore a® = 722i m U o | a SE Use bar AR as a Pree bey e. i 0 Ee cawe n Pz 0.9507 Fee Ay — Considering aMouehte stress SF 190% 10% Pa lh, q A= Hat = [Link]#)* = 12.566 x/07% m* e= Se Ft 6A = 090 nto Min Se6 x10) = [Link]® N Considering atowebte elongation B= © X10 wm $= Fubar Fae? aes. WaSc6mts*)(200 WO" KE XE) - 2,091. x10" N Tau Smalher value governs Rr 2.0491«10° N Pz 0.97509 Fs (0.4509 \(2. oF KIC!) = 1.983M1ON © |.783 KN mt c 212 Rod BD is mado of steel (£ = 29 x 10° psi) and is used to brace the axially Compressed member ABC, The maximum force that can be developed in member BD {e002P. If the stress must not exceed 18 ks and the maximum change in length of P= t3pkips ‘BD must not excoed 0.001 times the length of ABC, determine the smallest diameter rod that can be used for member BD. n PROBLEM 212 SOLUTION Fon = 0.02 P = (0,0a} 130) = 2.6 ips = 2.60 4b Considering stress = 1B ksi = 18%/0" pei ot Ps A> m- FE 2 O14 int Considering deformation S=[0.001WH) = 0.14 in. = Fole., _ Feoles _ (2.6103 654) ar Babe. As Feet = Geteeycouay = 2708862 in Larger area goverss A 0-144 in’ Achat a= fe - [Sa ed = 0.429 in, -_ ed lit ae on) q : Ss SOS213. Asi Toad of magnitude P ~ 58 KN is applied at end C of the brass rod ‘ABC, Knowing that E = 105 GPa, determine the diameter d of portion BC for which the deflection of point Cwill be 3 men PROBLEM 2.13, SOLUTION Loe =F Pils | BSbm 4 be SZ Re = EF ye + ot bee cS = a = Mas xio"3 x10) _ Fa 38 wloe Fo.080)" = 0.8 gia eu unease Nase te D1a3{xio® ~ Fass = Aur t aes 4, a = [tanaene" DL 16.5200 m = 1652 mm 3.7334 x 10% i" 214.28 «107° m* 2.14 Both portions of the rod ABC are made of an aluminum for which £= 73 GPs. Peeerat ‘Knowing that the diameter of potion BCis d= 20 mm, determine te largest force P oan that an be applied if o.= 160 MPs an the coresponding deflection at point Cis not to exceed 4 mm, SOLUTION ell Ano = (o.080¥" = 706.86 xto"* om Bac = F(0.020)*= 314.16 «10% m Consideni: q Povebbe stress 6 = 160 %/0* Pa o- f+ Pac Portion AB P= (706.86xI5* )(16exio*) = 3.110" N Portion BO P= (1416 10% )Uldexio®) = 50.3 %107 Nv Considering abfowable clePlection 8. * 4x10" m Sete icee L lee So She EGR ED ot as) (1:2 . PES (Bay ey’ J byin.| din | Agin® | LA. in” | Ag Ls 1.7671 | Loiaig a Be _ lo 0.7854 | 3.9197 2 {us | ure} isis 6.088 P = (aanot Xo, 002 (6.083)! = 9.53510" fb, = 2.53 kips m BC | joo kN | 3m | 200GFa| 1.474» 10” m CD | 190 kN | 2.5m] 105 Gha| 2.334% 10° m (2) 8. Sag See = LN74 IS? + 1.974 x10" 2.448 10% m = 2.95 mm ae (e) Sp= 84 Sig = 2.948 KO * + 2.939 KI Ft SBBIO Mm = SRT mn PROBLEM 2.19 B 150in 2.19 The brass tube AB (E = 15 « 10" psi) has a cross-sectional area of 0.22 in® and is Sted with aplug at 4. The tbe is attached at B toa rigid plate whichis itself atached at to the bottom of an aluminum eylinder (E= 104 10° pi) with a cross-sectional area of 0.40 in. The cylinder is then hung from a support at D. In order to close the 18.047 in Ag 0.22 in® Eye IS10% pas S_ > Ehee PUSe#7) - Ene Avo SHO (0.22) Lengthening of aduminum eyfinder CD 4. 5sa7wio* P hens 1S in, Ay 0.40 int, Beg ® 10.4410" pai - Pls . POs? : “6 Seo = Boe “Gonniorylons) © 26058" P Tat dePection Sg * Sag + Seo & = U8549711* ¢ [Link] VP. P- 5:74 w10* Mb = S74 Kips etPROBLEM 2.20 2.20 A 1.2-m section of aluminum pipe of cross-sectional area 1100 mm rests on a fixed supportatA. The 15-mm-diameter stool rod BC hangs from a rigid bar that ests ‘onthe top ofthe pipe at 8. Knowing tha the modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa for sel and 72 GPa for aluminum, determine the deflection of point C when a 604 force is applied at C, SOLUTION Rod BC Eee = 200 410" Pa, Lect Lim, = Fa* = FT(o.01s)* = 76.715 «107 _ GGoxro8 62.1) (B00 H10*)0 76.11% 18) = 3.565% 10 ™ Pipe AB? Lagt 2m, Eygs 1210" Pa, Age ® 100 met= N00%165 § n* Pla . (60%10*)(1.2) cl = = 90 Sem * Erhn * Uaxio Xie ee Se = Sem 4 Sce® VOLO + 3.56510" = 9.47 210° HM 2.21 The stel ame (E = 200 GPa) shown has a diagonal brace BD with an are of PROBLEM 2.21 1920 mm’, Determine the largest allowable load P if the change in length of member y BDisnotto exceed 1.6mm, SOLUTION Sec 16 XIO® m , 1920 #10 m* New = 1920 mm = rs Use jot 8 : : Fae Lae = S*+ 6? = 7,810 m > Ege? 200 1107 Fe Faebee An & ene. (Qooxt0* 1920116" I-61 Lec 7.80 Hee = 78.67*10° N as atree body? “EF, > © Heh. -P ve = S)(78.67 ¥10*) a ae Fae 1.810 = 50.41/07 N = $0.4 KN2.22 For the ste! truss (6 =200 GPa) and loading shown, determine the deformations PROBLEM 2.22 ‘of members AB and AD, knowing that their cross-sectional areas are 2400 mm? and 1800 mm?, respectively a | sourrion Ist Statics + Reactions are II4KW upward at A4C, 4 oo Member BD is a zero farce member |-som—stsom Lag 2+ RS™ = 417 m Use joint Aas a free body fH ZHRTO 14 - BSG, =0 Fe Fae = 2IS.10 KN & 2 at a Fo «SEFC Fe giz Fig * © Fry aisle) = 12.4 kW Wa ey aber ABE Sqn = Finbas - QiSlowio*\(4.117) Meee "0 "EB Rn QooWt0" (A400 «OO = RMF m = AM aw = = Fiabe . (12tWiP 40) og yin = Zoe mn be = EAS Gee O00 x1O*) 2.23 Members 4B and BC are made of stel (E = 29 x 10° psi with cross-sectional areas of 0.80 in? and 0.64 in’, respectively. For the loading shown, determine the elongation of (a) member 48, (6) member BC. PROBLEM 223 SOLUTION (a) Lys= [% S* =7.B10Ft. = 93.72 in Use joint A as a Free body = Foe NTR +O shan so Fra = 43.74 kp = 43.7418 Sh Fro Fiels | a. 7yx1ot93.72) _ i 23 kipe Set Et * GretKeaey > 0.1767 in, ms (bY Use jont B as a free bey gfe “Z=0 f-scAyso Fre = (MBN « 35.60 kip = 33.0 ¥10" Ah Sect Facbes . ([Link](72) = 0.1804 in, < E Ae” CxO" VO.c4)2.24 Members AB and CD are 1} -in.-iameter ste! rods, and members BC and AD are }-in.-diameter steel rods. When the tunbuckleis tightened, the diagonal member ACisputin tension. Knowing that E~29 % 10°psi and h=4 f, determine the largest allowable tension in AC so tat the deformations in members AB and CD do ot PROBLEM 2.24 exceed 0.04 in, SOLUTION Be = Seo = 0.4 in he 4Fh = 4B in = Lep dts F(iizsy = 0.49402 in® = Féoley Eheo F, = EAspSen. (27%10¢)(0.99402)(0.04) a Leo 48 = 24.072 x10? Db. Vse joint Cas a Pree bea Fe ee STZ, = Ro dFerO + Re £R. sf, | Fo F. = £ (44.022 10°) = 30.0 x10 A Fre #* 30.0 kips ==2.24 Members AB and CD are 1+ -in.-diameter steel rods, and members BC and AD PROBLEM 2.25 are J -[Link] steel rods. When the tumbuckleistightened, the diagonal member ACisputintension, Knowing that £=29 x 10®psi and h=4 8, determine the largest allowable tension in AC so that the deformations in members AB and CD do not exceed 0.04 in, 2.25 For the structure in Prob. of 2.24, determine (a) the distance 30 thatthe deformations in members 4B, BC. CD and AD are all equal to 0.04 in. (6) the corresponding tension in member 4C. SOLUTION (a) Statics! Use joint Bas a free body Foe B From similar tranles Fis. Be. fa fal Vi Fie] Nie - : Fe & —sa— h b Te Fao = Fee Force Tangle Geomatry For equal deformations : b_A Equoting expressions for Fie 3.86 FH = 46.3 in. -= 0.04 in, Fa. 2 EAS. miot) FUE) (0.04) oe » . 36 = 19.376 x(0* fb, Fou ? 4 Fag = F (19.376 x0") = 24. 912 x10" AL From the Force twiangde Feo = Fic 21 Fact * Fre 7 3/46 ¥lo* th, «PROBLEM 2.26 qanaae 180m aaa e 280 mm a 2 TN Losommae] EN 2.26 Members ABC and DEF are joined with steel links (E200 GPa). Each ofthe links is made ofa pair of 25+[Link] plates. Determine the change in length of (a) member BE, (6) member CF. SOLUTION “(1% Use ++ Fe (0.26 4 Fa ISkn DZH,= 0 — (4.440 )(18 *10*) + (0.180) Fee £0 Fag #-lostteVliaxto?) ee 6.180 Fisher EA (AY See = We) Se = Felker = “EA = 44K NV ~ Malo Yo.z40) (200 %109V1.75-«107F) ~ (26 xt0*%(0.240) ZooxIo ML. IS+IO* = member ABC os a Free body SD IMs=0 0 VIB x10") ~ (0,180) Fee = © : = CM MiBnt) zex18 NW Area for Dink made of tye p if A = (20.025 X0.085) # 1.25410" ve "80.2410 m = -0.0802 my ae 17. 8310 “m = Q.01783 mm <8c 1 Pare erect eect eee eee eer 2.27 Each ofthe links AB and CD is made of aluminum (£= 75 GPa) and has across- ‘sectional area of 125 mm*, su rigid me st BC, PROBLEM 2.27 ee eel ae that they support the rigid member BC, SOLUTION Fe Ro Use member BE as @ Free body ce é e pememecea 5x1 Ww DEML= 0 - (0.64) Fea + (0.44 )CS*IC =O Fas © 3.4375 0/0" N D ZMe=0 (0.64) Fag - (0.20USxi*) = 0 Fen = 1.5625 ¥10" NV For Finks AB and CD Az 125 mm” = 12S «10° m* = Fagksn | (3.9825s00" 0.36) _ oes Se * “ER Gsmoneae nity = R08 “10 e = Fieheo . (n56a xjo*) (0.36) fs “6 = 8 Se° “ER Csmotnsniore) 7 600 *10%%m = Be 8 € c Shope @= S82 Se. Ws Dae 0.64. Se] 5 22 1S FNS W 10 ved c ® - Sez &+ 4.0 Deformation diagram = 60,0010" + (0.44 112.5 10) = 109.5 ¥lO% m = 0.1075 mm =2.28 Link BD is made of'brass (E'= 15% 10° psi) and has a cross-sectional area of (040 in. Link CE is made of aluminum (E'~ 10.4 « 10* psi) and has a cross-sectional area of 0.50 in?. Determine the maximum force P that can be applied vertically at point 4 ifthe deflection of dis not 10 exceed 0.014 in. SoLUTION a_{h ¢ Use memcer ABC . as 2. tree bod P Re DIM.20, WP-9 Faso, Fan = 1.5556 P DZMt0 5 P-9Fy0, Fee * 0.5556 P 1.5556 PY4.0) sé ([Link] 7 2588 PY LOSESEPMGO 2 gO eyonie* PT From the deformation diagram = Set& | 2.973 10S P Slope @ + 5° ere = 03308 *IO° P = Set MgO 2.8383 x10° P+ (5X0. 3805 +10") P = 3.9353 x10 P Deformation Diagram Apply dispfacenert Mimit Sq = O,0/4in = 3.9858%00"% P p- —2-0H * ameariot 351«10% tb = 3.51 kips =2.29 A homogeneous cebe of length Lend uniform eross section is suspended from eee: one end. (a) Denoting by the density (mass per unit volume) ofthe cable and by E its modulus of elasticity determine the elongation of te eable duet its own weit. SOLUTION (0) Assuming now the cable to be horizontal, determine the force that should be applied to each end ofthe eable to obtain the same elongation as in part a, (2) For efement at point identified by coordinate y P= weight oP portion below tle paid =pgA(l-y) - Pa . pgrte-yld4y pell-y) ass Ea . aaGryy, pelle) 4 Be ee > AB Ly -4y)], 2 Beg) eA = =f 2 GAS .& 7 (e) For St aR OP SALE 2 bogie dw a simmiinel hnciyamimetwotensisy dow vor wig nee a SOLUTION Let b = vacius q of the bese and > vadive of element —t ‘Section with i coordinate y. Keo re by Volome ef porten above element Ws gmrty = are y? Teqbly? fee atiadee peut , Aewe “Br = hw 2 CRY .( megbty 8+ 2 oR S EA (agar. Emby* > say b 2231 The volume of a tensile specimen is essentially constant while plastic bieecereeristce Ab R: BAS Eien 00 : AB BFE i > Be : BA . AsEs & o Pr Reh (BAAD S Ag = (0,020%0.020) = Yoo »10" m* Ay = (@.08eXo.030 ) - Co.020)(0.020) = $00 x10" m™ i (a) P [Uosnio* )(soonic'*) + (200 «10% Hon io) ] Reet = 7%.5M10° N = 75.9 kN =< ) 6: Ee = Ss = (xoontot Yo. 1S mis") = 12oxjo* Pa = 120 MPa ~<2.35 The 45-8 concrete post i enforced with six ste bars, each with a fin. Aiameter. Knowing tat £,= 29 10" psi and E,= 4.2 10" psi, determine the normal stresses inthe sto! andin the conerete when a380-kip axial entre force Pi ppled tothe post SOLUTION Let Re = portion of axial Force camied by concrete Pe = portion canned by the six steed rods 7 BL Re SAS Re EAS PAR (BA + BADE 1 PROBLEM 2.35 ELA. + BA, Gas y* = 5.964 in® Fas Fe SY in ~ 350 x1o* Sy OL gg 7 pst (42M OF R485) # (29 110° XS. 004) 6s = Ese = (710% 6287-6715) = - 8.54 x10" psi = 8.94 si = Gee Ele = (42H ea7nkr «lor! ) = - L208 vic per -l.20B kei at2.36 Anaxial centric force of magnitude P = 450 kN is applied tothe composite block eee shown by means of rigid end plate. Knowing that h= 10 mm, determine the normal ae stress in (a) the brass core, (6 the aluminum plates, (E1086) SOLUTION ‘Aluminum plates Riga (@-T00R) sgene By = Ga)C4e) = 2400 mm = 2400" 107% m™ Aaz @X6OXI0)= [200 mm > 1200 x107Fm* es 450 x Io* Let PL> portion oF ania Force carnied by brass core. Pa portion cared by te albninum s- Be P= AS Pr P+ P= (BAY BAYS eb ante = 1.3393 «10° COS 10" KAH00*1O*) + (TO*IO" KIZ0o ™1O*) @) 6 = Bye = (aso? )(1.3393x/07) = (6) 6, = Ege = (Toxo) 1.3893 16") © 140.6>10° Pa = 140.6 MPa <é 93.5410 Pa = 73.75 MPa VUPROBLEM 2.37 Portion of the load carried by the aluminum plates is half the portion of the load | ae carried by the brass core, (0) the total load if theses in the brass is 80 MPa. ees ° Ripa SOLUTION Atunioum patos (e-700R0 endplete het > portion F wield Force carried * by brass cove Aa = Oe) @) Given 24h EAS . 4 GAs c AOL An =p BR AL Ay = do Mee) = 2400 mm” = R400 #10 m* = igen’ 2400 = $800 wm = @KEO)h Bie) =e 2.37 For the composite block shown in Prob. 2.36, determine (a) the value of h ifthe P= portion carried hy the tue cdominum plate s-BL pn EeAs§ s+ BR Rs Syhes PL = AuS, = ( 2ooxoS X80 wlot) = 192 «(oo W Por kPr Worn \ b= AB 1S sam = Pe RtPl = 2aaxioN = 483 uN S = 24" =571.490/0° Smaller value govems & + B= 571.48 410" Let Pu portion oP foud covried by concrete, Pat portion camried by six steed rods s: Bb, PR BAZ = EAE S°BG, PR EAE = BAe P= Pet Pe = (EA + RAVE Ag = 6 dts E(niasY = 6296+ in® Ae = Fat- Ag = Bley - S64 = 248.5 int P= [onariotX 2ue.g 2+ (29 108 Co I] (S71.43 x18) = 69S xjo* bh > 645 Kips =q C ma (imal {feeder f= ‘Three see ods (E200 GPa) support a 36-4N loud P. Esch ofthe rods A and 14s a 200-mm' cross-sectional area and cod EF has a 625- mim? erost-sectional area, Determine the (a) the change in length of rod EF; (8) the stress in each rod PROBLEM 2.39 SOLUTION Use member BED as a tree body fe oP Ro By symmetoy, ov by ZMp =o 8 > fe Reo = Fis i BR Pret Ro t Per - Peo S Pr Peet Per ~ alee Peabe = Peek See ER SERS > Be ER Since big = ben ond Ayer Ac, Sue = Seo Since points A,C, and & ave fived Sg = Sun, Sp Sco Se * Ser Since member BED is mgt Se = Ss ° Se Pulse . Porbee Ass. b = 202. we EB ER * Pas GATE Pee = CoE So5 Pee = 0,256 Po P= 2 Pe t Per = (2X05) Pen 4 Pep> 1SIR Per Poo = Pes = (0.256 (28.8010%) = 6.095 x10" N 23.810 «(0° (400 ¥ (078) 6 () $* Se + Gateg eee co) Nave nO? 76.210" m 0.07% 2 mm —t oe ( : 6. 09¢ x19" (S00 107) _ 1 S Su + Gomis Cae RI) 7 76210" m ) Gwe 6 = &- $010”. 30,5 lof P= 30S MPa me Pe 2. 23.810 Kos _ © Ser =~ 2 GSS = 38cm sal me240 Abas bolt(E, = 15« 10" psi) witha 3 in dlameteris ited inside a stel tube PROBLEM 2.40 (€,=29> 0" psi witha $-[Link] + -inwall hickness, Afr thet has been fit snugly, isighened one quater ful um, Knowing that te Blt i Single-theaded with .{in. pie, determine he normal ses (0 the bl, (3) the tbe +8 in] SOLUTION The movement of the nut along the bolt after a quarter turn is equal to 4 ™ pitch. S$ =(\(0.1) = 0.025 in Also S = Siw + Ste where Suurs efongation of tle bolt and Stute = shortening of the tube Let Putt = axial tensive force in the boft Probe = axta® compressive Force in the tube For equibibrion of each end plate Pay = Prue + P Aue? Bd* = F(R) = [Link] int Ante = FCde'- ol) = EGY -GY) = 0.29482 int > Feet = (Pray af Sun 7 E oe” CiswiosyCoods) ~ 72243ix10% P Pla k . _(PCi2) - EB Anu — (2410 X 0.29452) 0.085 = 7.248) x10 P 4+ 1.4060x10" P = 8.6481 x10" P Sate = 1.4050 x10" P P= 2.8908 10° Jb ~P L 28908KI0% | Seaaieot i Coote ki” “bao 7 26.210 psi = 26.2 ksi — > Gia gE: = RERBMT ssa aawtetpes -tS2kLor CIs co am c 1 PROBLEM 2.41 Be: Pe 1 ager aL Se ERS cD: P= R- L= 10 iw Sin) 10in 1m ‘(es A, oc, —2| PL _ (Ry ~ 82x07 io) Scand 2.41 Two cylindrical rods, CD made of stee! (E = 29 « 10 psi) and AC made of sluminum (E = 10.4 * 10" psi) are joined at B and retrained by rigid supports at A and D. Determine (a) the reactions at A and D, (6) the deflection of point C. SOLUTION 5 ABI PER, Les Bin ie aces tite aan: Ane = Foe = Eira) > 0.99402 int Sur Ee Ra (3) (3? ss Gano ¥oarI0z) eee = 0.77386 w10o® Ry Bx 10°, L=JO in, A= 0,99402 in* to? se f (Ra i9xt0*Xio) 0.467382 x10 Ry = 17.412 x10" Co.4x10* YO.99402) ~ IBxlo* ~ 14x10° = Ry - B2xio" A= Fads = E(ieasy = 2.0739 int Sot ER "GEIS = 0.16027 «16 R, - 5.221w 10" Bip = See + Seet Seo? 1907 MIO Ry - 22.733 xj07? Since peint D cannot move refative te A Sp = O a) 1.9075 «16° Ry - 22.7387)0%2 O Rat 14210" Hh me Ry = B2mt0*- Ry t 20-08 10° fh - (e) Se = Sag + Sig F L242 MO Ry = 17.41Q x10"* = CLI41R IOS VON. 9R IO) = ITHIZHtO* = 3.34 Ko in me = Rate _ _(20.08xI10% 5? in ie or 8 = BN + GarotiGeraay adel| ; fee [esa PaobEM a 242 A steel tube (E = 200 GPa) with a 32mm outer diameter and a 4-mm thickness zo js placed in a vise that is adjusted so tha ite jaws just touch the ends ofthe tube Qube cxing any presse them. The vo fre shown ae dh applied othe are appli, the vise is adjusted to decrease the distance SOLUTION ‘berween its jaws by 0.2 mm. Determine (a) the forces exerted by the vise on the tube ‘A and D, (6) the change in length ofthe portion BC of the tube. mm Om mm Rinse cg —f — WKN 3OKN For the tube dz=d.-2t = 32 ~(2(4) = 24 mm AsB(d-d2) = Z(a2'- aw) = BS1BG met = 351.86 «10S im AB: Pr Re, b> 0.080m + BL, Ra (0.080) . 1108 R, Su" ER" Goowatnssnainae = (1868470 Re BC: P= Rt 42x10*, L= 0.080K (Ra+ 4anto® C10) = 11368 KIO Ry + 47. 146 xio"e St Le: scaittiet’ 77,1 © (200107 S186 x/O"*) CO! Pz Rti2«lo*, Lb 0.080 Seq = oe = Rat 12n10% Ylo.080)_ cov BA (200 x10" KAS! BE RIO ) = LIBR XIOTR + 13,42 x 107% TotaR! So = Suet Suet Sep © 3-4/04uIO"R, + 61.388 x/07° Given jaw movement Sap F-O.2mm = O,2x10* wm (A) ~O.2810*= 3.410410 Ry + 61.388 10" Ra -76.6 wtot N + -76.6 KN =< Ry = Ry + 1x lot Ro = - 64.6 x10 N = = 64.6 kW =~ Ch) Spe = (LIZ 6x IO IE 76r6 we) + 47.746 KITS = 34.4 107 me == 0.0394 mm “2 Oo mao oo se ao mM (Q) PROBLEM 2.43, 242 A stel tbe (E = 200 GPs) with a 32-mum outer diameter and a4-mm thickness is placed ina vise that i ested so tha its jaws just touch the ends ofthe tube without exerting any pressure on them, The two forces shown ae then applied to the SOLUTION {ube. fer these forces are applied, the vise is aljustedto decrease the distance ‘between its jaws by 0.2mm. Determine (a) the forces exerted by the vse on the tube at A and D, (8) the change in length of the portion BC ofthe tbe. 2.43 Salve Prob, 242, asuming that afer the fc have een appl the vise is adjusted to decrease the distance between its jaws by 0.1 mm, _ Sonn Oma | 0mm Ra WkN 30kN For the tuhe dizde-2t 82 =(ZN(4) = 4 me AsE(a.-d3) = E(a2t- 244) = 351.86 met = 351.86 40m ABE Pe RR, 0.080 wm Sint Bh . Ra (0.080) s EA Qooxot X351.86Ki0F 1.1368 «/0"7 Rp BC: P= Rat 4axlo®, Ls 0.080m = PL . (Ret dawo* C0) 3 7 Sr io a «io ® Bue * ER * (hoon NE BEnToe) © 1868! Re + 47.746 x10 CD! P= Rt i2xio*, Ls 0.080 Seo = Feb- = [Rat 12x10* (0,080) 0 EA (00¥/0" YAS1.86*10" Ra 11368 x10" Ret 13,642 x10 Totak! So > Stet Sat Sep © 3.4/04xIO" Ry + 61.388 x/07° Due t the movement of the jaws — Spo F - Of mm # -[Link] mm (AV —-~ ON KIO = 3.4104 IO TR, + C/. 388 110% R= - AR2QO" N == 473 KN = Ro = Ras iaxiot = - 35. 3°" N + - BS. 3 kN = = 6.05% 15 Sm = 0.00605 mm = (b) See = (1 1368x107 Nu 42. BDH HP) + 47. 7HE H1Or*eed eee. a fons 1.4 Threw eet osu plesk. Abn ese 4 and Bwihadhaneerot } in mdse vised C wih a dante of Fin. Knowing tha the allowable stress fo aluminum (E 10.4 «10% psy is 14 ‘es and that the allowable stress for stel (E'= 29 * 10 pal) is 18 ks, determine the ‘maximum load P that may be applied. soLUTION By symmetry Py= Py, and Spe Se Also, Su Sp > Se = S Strain in each wire freer, ath = ey Determine aPMwakle strain = Ge, 1x08 _ AgB a= Bi: aoe +3462 «107° fet BR = 2E%4 x10 ants eo 2 c fe & = gees = 0.6207 «10 Ey Ex = FE = 5.3103 % 15" Aifovable strain for wire C governs % 62 = I8x10* psi Ge Eh Re Ankata ® E(S)'G0.4 10% (0.3103 15°) = igaer db Pe = [3t.6r tb 62 Ee. Ps AB = E(k) Caio") = 98,17 fb, For equidbviom of the plate Pe Pr Pe Pe 177-4. -= | 1 2245 The tigi bat AD ia supported by two steel wires of i SOLUTION © aaa, aon} Let @ be the votation of bar ABCD — Se. = 240 sp = Beker AE Pas LASee « Cano) Het Ua 6) ieee To = 106.77«10* @ > = Eeke Se = ER . ce EASeo . (210°) Rit) ve) cr ey. i 1 = 1B. x 18 Using Free body ABCD DEMO RRs +l4Re - RP =0 (2K 106.7710 6) + (2#(118.63*10" ©) -(36 (zo) = O 4.128310" @ = (3C)(220) @ = 1.9185 «10% vad ) Pee = (106.77 x(03 Ki-gsseio® ) = 204.8 Ab, Pee (18.63 x fo* CL aasvio ) = 227.6 Dh tb) $5.7 36 O = (BC MLMASHIO*) = CFI KIO? in a O- 0641 in, iameter (E = 29 EM 2.45 Been 10* pi) and pin and bracket at D. Knowing thatthe wires were intially aught, determine (a) the edditiona tension in each wire when a 220-b load P is applied at yr ‘, (b) te coresponding deflection of point D. b ATessa eeeeee a 2.46 The steel rods BE and CD each have a diameter of Zin. (E= 29 « 10" psi) The ifeiuensaideatae fends are threaded with a pitch of 0.1 in. Knowing that after being snugly fit, the nut ‘at B is tightened one full turn, determine (a) the tension in rod CD, (b) the deflection - Of pint C ofthe rigid meiner ABC. on, SOLUTION a a an £ ¢ J Let @ be te rotation of bar ABC as shown bon —asa. Then, Se = 60 and &'= 100 Bot Sn = Shay ~ Faelae Pot = (Ene Ate \Stm- Sa / Lee bee = 1S FR 90 my. Stim = On! im Aes = Ed" = (SY = 0.3008 in* Pag + (22 x108 Ko.3068)(0.1 - 60) qo R a = 7.886 x10® = $93.15*10° 8 > Peel 2 = EAS. 5 E Ae = Re Leo 7 Par Leet GPE =7Zim, Aue 0.3068 in™ Re je P+ (Adxl0% (0.2068) (io 6) a 12 = 1.28572 x10% 6 DIM,~= 0 SP -10Py = © (6) (4.886 #1 - 593.16 x 10* @) — (10)1.28572 *10*) © = 0 59.316 10° - 15.916 * 10° 8 = O O = 3. 7268010" pad 0) Pay = (1.23572% /0° (8.226810) = 4.67 »/0% = ROL kips -_ (bY S.= 10 © = (i00(3.72¢8> 157) = 37.3 ~/0"" in = 0.0373 in -_| co a PROBLEM 2.47 2.41 The rigid rod ABCD is suspended from three wires ofthe same material. The ‘cross-sectional area of the wite at Bis equal to haf of the cross-sectional area of the wires 4 and C, Determine the tension in each wire caused by the toad P. SOLUTION +IM,=0 RLE +LE- GAP ro % of See lr chy t&lde- 24 BP-2® Ear PPs BagP B=0,700P —# be SPF) -fP Pp oseP pe Be-4(E -ybp Rs o027sP “s caece al +. at + pu " y 2 x2.48 ‘The rigid bar ABCD is suspended from four identical wites, Determine the PROBLEM 2.48 tension in each wire caused by the load P. SOLUTION Let © be the slope of bar ABCD after deformation Se= + LO Se = 8,4 2L0 So= t+ SLO p= As, Pe: SAS. > EAs, + oho P= EA 5. 2 5, + BEAL 8 P+ BAS, = EB 5, 4 SEL e +f ZFye > BtheReP-Pe0 4645, 4 SEA jo = p 4%, +610 = Be o DIM =0 LP + 2LR+3lR-2aP-o oes. + MEAL Lio = 2LP CS.+ He = BE cay Solving (1) and (2) sinsdtnest, Lorde bk ar te me Ae Sage ee: ~ er Baek + aaem + HP 7 Pe LBs 2B: ap a Rr EE 1s. Ep =j 249 A stel railroad track (E = 200 GPa, «= 11.7 « 10°/°C) was lad out at a PROBLEM 249 {temperature of 6°C. Determine the normal stress in the rails when the temperature roaches 48 °C, assuming that the rails (a) are welded t form a continuous track, (3) SOLUTION are 10 m long with 3-mm gaps between them. (a) Sp = MCATIL = C17 108 )48- 60) = RoE x1 mw peter Geri 58 7 Set Re” ET geonet 7 Sous" © 1 Ss S4 S = 494I0% +50xI0"C = © + 62 -73.3x0°R “ 7798.3 MPa 4.1288 int Ol ~ ye LSKIOE JF : Laemencarasy * Gmerarrnraey] Pe + 0-400" (102) PLe 1.2305 x)0* Pb 2 o= Be. utsecx 7 SG? «10% psi = S67 ksh me » A 0.7854 P Ga = ah = - HABE me Mg 2a gelo% poi =-0.298 ksi =e\ a 251 The brass shel (a, = 20.9 « 104/°C is fully bonded to the stool core (t,= 11.7 Pao % 104°C), Determine the largest allowableincrease in temperature the stes inthe — steel core ino to exceed 55 MPa, Sy Pe SOLUTION Let Py = awal force developed in the steed cove el coe Fleer For equilibrium vith zero tetad Force , the compressive force inthe brass shel? is Py. ‘Brass shell . R aa ‘am, Strains = te + oat) Euwsor 80 b> BR tM = - et (AT) Matching €5 = & 7-2 Ey, + oun => E+ (aT) Cex BRR = Gee a CAT Ag = (0,0201(0,020) = 400 #10°% mm” A= (.080X0.030) - (0.020Yo.0r0) = $00 10 m* Ob- As > 42 ¥Io fC Pee GAs = (G5us0t 4oow i) = 22410 W 1 Lo ‘ 1 = 3ngeei Ae* Ec © GoowwtVasone) * Taste Canario) = SESS (31.65 210°" Warn tot) = (4.2210 AT Y AT= 76.4 °% ~«2.82 The coneete post (8, = 25 GPa anda, =9.9 » 10°/°C) is winfroed with six PROBLEM 2.52 steel bars, each of 22-mm diameter (E, = 200 GPa and a= 117 » 104°C), Determine the normal sresses induced in the ates! and in the concrete by & temperature rise of 35°C SOLUTION Ag = 6 Rdt > GE (za) = 2.280810 mw = 228080107 Ac = 240"- As = 240° 2.280800" = SS. 32x10" rom = SS.3Qx10°8 m* het P= tenside Farce devehped in the concrete For equifibeium with zero totad force, the fiom Gompressive Force in the six steel rods is R esas Strains? es = -&, +QCAT) 5 & &. + (AT) Hatching! & = Ee & a (47) = — Be + ota) (Bat ERY R = @-o UT) 1 I ye ISXIO* Kesaanie>) * ZeomoraraIno®) | 7 (1-810 Nas) G ¢ ) Pe = 21.6) Jo" N 22.2 mF p 3106 > 0.871 MPa et Ge = RS Sesame 0-37 MOS Fa ce . @s- z ace ie © 9.47010" Pa = -2.47 MPa wetc ieee oo 253A 10d consisting of two cylindrical portions AB and BC is restrained at both PROBLEM 2.53 ‘ends. Portion AB is made of steel (E, = 29 * 10° psi, a, = 6.5 * 10%/°F) and portion ‘BC is made of brass (E, = 15» 10¢ps, a= 104 10°/°R), Knowing thatthe rod TF initially unstressed, determine (a) the normal stresses induced in portions AB and BC by a temperature rise of 65°F, (8 the corresponding deflection of point B. 14-in diameter tech SOLUTION Pee Ame Edy = (jas) = 1.2272 int in a Aa Bayt = Daas) = 3.976) int L le Free thermal expansion 7 Sq = Lag %s (AT) + Lee %(AT) = U2XE.5*15* ES) 45 X10.4 #10 (es) = 15.21 10"* in Shortening elve te induced compressive Force P = Bless , Pbos Uli Agate Agr ibe a eee see eee 7 QGHI0* (1.4272) * Se Waar) $88. 69/0 P P ey (688.6707) P = 18.21% 107% P= 25.8¢%/0% 4b a = - BEBLMIOF © gy sp x1o8 psi =~ é ( Gat & > - BE BHICS - —21.1 x10* ps Rid Kes = 2 Sa --& = - Sebo = - 6.50 10° psi = -6.50 kesi « Plow (b) Sgt t Edw = Laws (AT) ep CAS BH NLM) Seo 6S) = + 3,64 %10% mw a *Garioe ‘YC-2272) + dayesmie Ves) = aoe i he S.64x1O int = 0.00364in T <<riot PROBLEM 2.54 60-mm diameter Yorass [Link] damoter akominam lc 2.54 A rod consisting of two cylindrical portions AB and BC is restrained at both tends, Portion 4B ismade of brass (E,~ 105 GPa, a, = 20.9» 104/"C) and portion BC is made of ahuminam (E, = 72 GPa, a, = 23.9» 10°C). Knowing thatthe rod is initially unstressed, determine (a the normal stresses induced in portions AB and BC by a temperature rise of 42°C, (b) the corresponding deflection of point B. SOLUTION 2 2 . . Res = Fda 2 (60) = 2.8274 10 vam” = 2.8274 215° me Ages Fak = HQo)* = 1. 2566 1c me = 1.2560 15% en Free thermal expansion P Set LagA(AT ) + Lact. CATY = (AK 20.7 15 X42) + (1.393.910 X42) = 2.2705 x 10> m Shortening due + induced compressive Fovee ~ Pln , Phe Se An * Ban Lie L3P Ip * [ormorYaaxmia™) * Caxias x10 = 18.0744 10" P For zero net deflection Sp Sr 1B.074¢(57 P= 2.2705 x10" Ps (2 KIO* 128.62 10% xlo Roe < = - See. — 444 x1O" Re = 444 MPa et J8S.h2* IO" -£e 2 1g -t2% 19) = 100.0 ¥/0° Py = - 100.0 MPa =e = + Pls _ v Ses + Ee - la clar? = (as. 6a%io* VON) © QoS x1o X2.2274 10) - 0.500 mm i.€. 0.500 mm ¥ ~ UN [Link] 15 * 42) ~ 500 xjo"* m2.55 The assembly shown consists ofan aluminum shell (£, ~ 10.6 * 10° psi, @, = PROBLEM 2.85 12.9 « 10°/°F) fuly bonded toa stel core (E, = 29 « 10 psi @,= 6.5 « 10°/"F) and instressed. Determine (a) the largest allowable change in temperature ifthe stress ‘aluminum sheil is not to exceed 6 ksi, (8) the corresponding change in length of the assembly, SOLUTION Since Ob > Oc, the shed is in compression for a. poutive tenperctuve wise het @, = -6 ksi = -6 x1o* psi An Ede -d2) E(i.2s*-a7s*) > 0.78540 in? As = Fd*= Eos} = 0.44174 in* P= -GAL= GA where Pia tHe tensite Race inthe steal cone. G&e- 4s = CERF O78840 40,667 410" psi 0.44174 [easel Tee aa | es Be adary= & saan L EB nO Co Us CAT) = $-¢ U - 3 6xios _ 4 ie ([Link]"®) (AT) = WesZaia? , 10% = 0. cagaseso"* u (ay AT = 145.%h OR -_ A ) gs ERO V6 cei Kis. 4) = 1,313 «io ® AMe1o* : i or Be OHIO Oa gio Ming.) #1363 tes" 10.6 «10% S = Le = (8.001.963. x08) = C0103 im =2.53 A rod consisting of two cylindrical portions AB and BC is restrained at both PROBLEM 2.56 ‘ends. Portion AB is made of steel (E, = 29 » 10* psi, «= 6.5 « 10°/°F) and portion BC is made of brass (E, = 15 * 10° psi, a, = 10.4 x 10*/°F). Knowing that the rod is 7 initially unstressed, determine (a the normal seass induced in portions AB al BC by a temperature rise of 65°F, (2) the corresponding deflection of pont. te 2.56 Fortherod of Prob 253, determine the maximum allowable temperature change stead ifthe stress inthe steel portion AB isnot fo exceed 18 ks andi the siressin the brass 2 portion CB is nt to exceed 7 ks 2}-in diameter am SOLUTION at lc AMoushte force in each portion AB + Gig e-iBke'= -18xtopsi, An Edm > F (uasy* + 1.2272 in® P= GeAse = (18 x/0°)U. 2272) = ~ 2.090 x10* Mb BC: Gae-7ksi = -7m0%pe', Ams Eder = F(aasy'= 3.976/ in* P= GaAs = (7/03 2.776/) = = 27.833 “10% be Smabler absctite vadve governs 2 = — 22.090 x/0* Db. DeFormation due to P s, = Pb » Plo = _ GRomKIO* Vig) _ G2,0%n10" Vis) * Ea hos EecAge — (A4nloMi2272) (1S 10*)(8.9761) = = 13,004x10°° in Free thermal expansion Spt Wp OAT) + Lec O(AT) = (12 (6.5x15* XAT) + (18 M0104 x10 KAT ) = (234 ¥107S (AT) Tetat deformation is zero Sx Sp > (234m10% MAT )- 13.004x10° = © AT = 55.6°F ~«ca (\ z L o mo 2.81 Determine (a) the compressive force inthe bars shown after a temperature rise PROBLEM 2.57 ‘of 96°C, (6) the corresponding change in length of the bronze bar. —. a SOLUTION Cabcrdate Free thermal expansion By = bye(dr) + Lad, AT 4 inet ‘sn ion? sey 5 Srnec | ESBGh 0.35 Wale xt * KG) + ([Link]¥23,2 15° KI) = L728 * 107% m Pp P Constrained expansion 1 ect $= 0.5 mm * 0,500410%,, Shortening dee to induced compressive force P Spt 1782xIO* - 0.500% 10% = 1,228*15%m Bot, in terns of P = Eley Pla =( ey ba Glas (Aenea 0.35 on 45 500 «10 Steswio*) (i set year) )P = £649 xo? P (al Equating S.6996-40" P= 1.22810 = P= 217-46 WON = 217 RW 709-7110" P E quating 709.71 x10" P = 0.0439 Pe 61es7 x1 fb (@) C= - E+ - Bz Leon so psi = -22.0%ks) me (ey Sy = kogcar) ~ Bhs AnEa (213.3810 )@50) ~ (euaepnic® ~ AS4g IOS = 14.41 IO iw = 34.90 x10" = O.0144T in =2.60 A brass link (B= 15 % 10° psi, a» 10.4 » 10°/*F) and a steel rod (E, = 29 x ceamiaad Ui 63% 10°°F)aave te dimen chat aon af 6SR Te steel rod is cooled until it fits freely into the link. The temperature of the whole : ‘sembly then ied to 10°F. Determine (a) the final normal stein the tel 20. rod (b) the final length ofthe steal rod. ae ie ea 1S, 5" sovuti0n 4. 15 DT aascciaded with difference betueen Fined 0054 f—I0 9 1 and <9 dimensions ae peace leg ate AT = loo - GS = 39°F Free thermal expansion of each part Brass Sink (Sr), = OglATXL) = (1.4107 WasKio) = 3.64 2/0" in Steel vod — (Sr)g = Og (AT XL) = (6.Sxt0f (AS Xlo) = 2.278 x10" in Bt He Find tempercduce the Free Length of the stee? vad 0-008 + 2.225 MIs = B.64xIO7S = 3.635610 in Dongen than the brass fink Add equal bt opposite forces P ts ePongate the brass Risk and contract ers} the ‘stee? rod. P Cte’ p » PL, Pte) __. Brass Jink (Sp), RE * wuexaceer) oo = HM xo" B > PL. Pe) __. Ste rod (Ses = RE = “yasieaanos) 280.94 x10 P (Sp), +(S), = 2635107 (342.10x1S")P = 3.6385%I0* P= 9.2705 x10" th we -PL 592205 #108 (2) Final etress in sheet vod — Gy xf 2 fates x10 =~ 7.85t0* psi = - 75S ksi =e 06) Fined dength of steed vod Lz = 10,000 + 0,005 + (Sr)~ (Sp \s. = 0.005% 2.225 10 ~ (280. 99 «107 )(9. 2705 18) = 10. 00467) in, = o2.61 Two sicel bars (6, = 200 GPa and «= 11.7 x 10*/"C) are used to reinforce a PROBLEM 2.61 brass bar (6, = 105 GPa, «= 20.9 x 10%"C) which is subjected toa load P~ 25 KN, ‘When the stee! bors were fabricated, the distance between the centers ofthe holes “which were to ft on the pins was made 0.5 mm smaller than the 2 m needed. The steel bars were then placed in an oven to increase their length so that they would just fit on the pins. Following fabrication, the temperature in the steel bars dropped back to room temperature. Determine (a) the increase in temperature that was required to fit the steel bars on the pins, (6) the sires inthe hrass bar after the load is applied to it SOLUTION (@) Required temperature change for Fabvication Sr F OS mm = OS IO m ad Temperature change required to expand stee? bey by this amourt Sp= Loa AT — 0.8 10° =(Z00MU. THO XAT), AT = re hoe ‘ [Link] = CRICNLT* 10K AT) AT = 21.368 °C 2490 me ib) Once assenbted, a tenside force PY develops in the steef and o compressive Force P*devefops in the brass, in onder te elongate the ste? and contract the brass. EDongation of steed Ag > (2)(5Y(40® 400 mm ® 400 x0" mn* 2 Fb. 2.00 ae 9 pe Grs* Ke * Tooro*\oowevy = 2 IO” P Contraction of brass! Ay = (4015) = 600 mm = 600 */0* m™ PL ____P*(2.00) -9p* Coe Re = Teams Karma ~ 3h 746x107 P Bot (Sele + (Sp, is-equal to the inittad amomt of misfit (Spy #(S)),= [Link]*, S0.796K1S" P* = 0.5410" Pv 2 3.81¥ioe N Stresses due te fabrication het of» Bs Begtuslo Bross: Gj ~ PE = -B3U*I0* 2 -4,cg riot Pa = 14.68 MPa Ae GOO ¥ 1O-€ To these stresses must be added the stressee due to the 25 KN foad 22.03 %10° Pa = 22.03 MPaProblem 2.61 continued For the added toad, the additionct deformation is the same for both the steeP and the brass. Let 5! be the additionad displacement, Riso, Jet Py avel Py be the additional forces developed in the steed and vvass, vespecttvedy. He, BO. PL 3S ° AE RE BL = ApBe g' = Woows jax) 5+ 2 Yoeiot §° PF Anes Ste Leconte Yas v10% S' = 31.5wiots' Teted P= Pot R= asnot Mv Yowlo® $+ 31.50% §' = asxio* S' = 349.65% 10% m Be = (4owlo® (349.65 10°) = 13,986 ot NW Poe (31610*)(s4desuio® Yio wot N « PL 1p. 8e 0% ae 6 = Ae * Gosvig= = 34.97*10% Pa, = Be. ibie~tos _ fe os Zcovioe = (18.36 x 10% Pa Add stress due te Fabrication Gq = 34.97 x18 + 22,03 %10% © S72On PR = S70 MPH Gt 18.86 *lo'- wWesnwt= Scant = [Link] MPa «a - ee 7) oeoa ca 261 Two steel bats (E,= 200 GPa and a= 11.7 « 104/°C) are used to reinforce a brass bar (E, = 105 GPa, a =20.9 x 104/°C) which is subjected toa oad P= 25 KN, ‘When the steel bars were fabricated, the distance between the centers of the holes ‘Which were to fit oa the pins was made 0.5 mm smaller than the 2m needed. The stel bars were then placed in an oven to increase their length so that they would just Gt on the pins. Following fabrication, the temperature in the stel bars dropped back to oom temperature. Determine (a) the increase in temperature that was required to fit the steel bars on the pins, (b) the stress in the brass bar after the load is applied to it PROBLEM 2.62 2.62 Determine the maximum load P that may be applied to the brass bar of Prob. 2.61 ifthe allowable stress in the steel bars is 30 MPa and the allowable stress inthe brass bar is 25 MPa. SOLUTION See Sodution te PROBLEM 3.6! to obtain Me fabrication stresses 6S 22.03 MP Gis - 1868 MPa Abowahte stresses? Gyave= 30 MPa, Guy = 25 MPa Available stress increase from Poud 6S = 30-22.08 = 7.97 MPa GL = aS stheB = 34.68 MPa Correspone ing avathabbe strains fe a4 = RHE. saasvi0~ eye Sb + SESH. an 7.9 yet Shadfer vadve governs ~ & +32.8S"/07° Aveas? Age @ MEYX40) = Hoo mm = 4OO>% IOS me Aye (isv(40) = 600 mm™ = 600%10°% m* Ps = EA, e = (200x107 (400 wio* )(39.85%10%) = 3.138 rict Wy PL = EA,e = Crosn 10" (coo xJ0* )([Link]*) = 251 x10 N Total allowable additionad Force = lo? = jot N P=Pt Por S.1Bawio + 2S ¥/0 ete eeae 2.63 Ina standard tensile est astel od of fin, ameter subjected toa tension force of 17 kips. Knowing that v= 0. and E = 29x 1" psi, determine (a) the } c’longation ofthe rod in an 8-in. gage length, (b) the change in diameter of the rod ameter oe hips bon SOLUTION P=17 kip = 7x0 Jb. Ax Bats ES) © 0.60182 in* 17M 3 S= R= TAR, = zeal ps ee & = BEATE = a7H.axi0" Sx = he = (8.009749 Wi0) = 780x107 in = 0.00780 iu =e By = ~ VE = ~(O.3KI7M.G IOS) = = 292.5 «10% Sy 2 de, = (Z)-292.5™10*) = - 256 105% im = -0,000256 im. mt 2.64 standard tension testis used o determin the properties of an experimental eee Plastic. The test specimen is a 15-mm.-diameter rod and it is subjected to a 3,5 KN. : teal fore. Knowing that an elongation of I mm and a decrease in diameter of| 0.62 mm are observed in a 120-mm gage length, determine the modulus of elasticity, the modulus of rigidity, and Poisson's ratio ofthe material, T SOLUTION 130 ma Wmmdimetr Wes Eg® = Elis) = 1611S wm = VIG TMSHIOS [ P= 3.5 */08N e 1 . o- ££ “eat = 19.806x10' Fe = &. is = 1.667 «10° Ee ¢.- > snes, = 21610 Pa = 216 MPa =m Sy = = 0.62 em & = ee 982 =~ Hh 383 107 ve - St = M888 Ly aco = a 9.667 10> eee: ~~ Zlexjos 8 ‘ i G Be) "Arrows 7 S10 Pa= 74.5 MPa ~7 2.465 A 2-m length ofan aluminum pipe of 240-mm outer diameter and 10-mm wall PROBLEM 2.65 thickness is used as a short column and carries @ centric axial loed of 640 KN. ‘Knowing that £=73 GPa and v= 0.33, determine (a) the change in length of the pipe, (2) the change in its outer diameter, (c) the change in its wall thickness, SOLUTION d= 240 mm Le lO mm di = ado-2t = 2Omm A= B(do'-di*)= $(240*- 220") = 7.225710 mm™ [Link] xIO> m* J P= GHoxlo* N \¢ ; 2 Bb. - Leto VCR) a yaa erst G8 = REG aesawot pacity AEF Hm U +243 mm me = BL BRIO LL eal e>2--30re 1.2183 * Io - Ege = - VE = —(0.33)CL2188r/0%) = 400.4 «Jo* ) Ad. = de tar =( 240K 400.4x10°° ) = 0.0961 mm = | [| (> AG = Lee = (lO 404d etor® ) = 0.00400 mm = \ 2.66 The change in diameter of a large steel bolt is carefully measured as the nut is n PROBLEM 2.66 tightened. Knowing that £ = 200 GPa and 10.29, determine the internal force in the J ————, _ bolt, ifthe diameter is observed to decrease by 13 umm. oan n 6 SOLUTION : " a Sy = = 1B x10°S m d= @xlo*m | | | | | 2 ee bys Fe - Bee Bes =~ 216.67 x08 n vt Bae es BEEHO S 7y7 1g x0°* . Gy = Ee, = (200m 747.1310) = 149,43 w10% Pa | A= Edt = Elcol = 2.827% 10% mm” = 2.8272 K 10S m™ | F= GA = (149,43 110% (2827%IO* ) = 42gvios ON | = 422 kN =Eh = Pee J om 2.67 An aluminum plate (E = 74 GPa, v = 0.33) plate is subjected to a centric axial PROBLEM 2.67 load which causes a normal stress 0. Knowing that before toa is seribed on the plate, determine the slope ofthe line when o = SOLUTION The sdope after deformation is fan O= 20x60) +B. Ss 13s 10% a 7 &. : * a7 Soe 1.6892 x/0" adi+e,) Ey = ~ VE, = - (033K 1.6892 x10") = 0.5574 x 10% 2C1 = 0,0008574) Alin 9,00085TH) . |. = ine, tan ® 1+ 0.001342 44561 12.68 A 600 Ib tensile load is applied to test coupon made from zn. at steel plate Leer (E29 « 10*psi, v= 0.30). Determine the reuting change () inthe 2.0-in, gage length, (6) in the width of portion AB of the test coupon, (c) in the thickness of portion SOLUTION AB, (din he cross-sectional area of portion 4B. : pm} ANE) = 0.03125 in a = 600g e ; * Brasiag 7 17-2 "10 poi ya. ZL Maxie € Et EAH = 662.0710 Ka) Se = Le, = (RO [Link]) F 1.324 x10 ig. — £yt£,7- Ve, > ~(0.20\(662.07KIS") = - 198.62 «10° A 6) Seam * Wok, 7 EYE 8.CaHi0") = - 99.3 10° in, KC) Sstans* Coby © (EM - 198.2 = = 1H HIS in. (a) A= wh = woCi+ey)t, (+e, ) = Wot, (i+ ty + fz + E22) AA = A-A, = wots (fy +& + Gee) = EVR) C 198.6 1)" = 498,021 + neds F = RH 10 in®ao ieee 269 A Lin. square is sribed onthe side of a large sec! pressure vessel. After eee eee pressurization the biaxial stress condition a the squares as shown, Knowing that E anki =20 10 psi and 1030, determine the change in length of (a) side AB, (side BC, 1 {6) diagonal AC. rss SOLUTION Un o,= 12h \ 1 | = Bam BGG) > Gaia [lari0* ~(0.20 end Y] fh ul = 3S1.72 «107% iy by > RG OG) Fag [Gri -CotoKiae?)] = 82.76 *10"* (A Syq = (ABE = e000 857,72 10%) = 351.7 ¥IO™ ine « (oY See =(BE Jey = (1.00 8276%/0% ) = B2.8%10 in = (ey) GE )= fides (Bee =e, + 5, +e, sy)" efdi+ 3520iot) + (14 828 10°)" = L4N4S% dee eeaaet (= RE -Ac),. = 307x106 in. - or use calevlus as FodPous: B Lable sides using a,b, and c as shown c p cts a+b PT Obtain diterenticl 2ede + Zadat 2bde From ehich de = Sda + bade But a= fdoin, bs ltoin, c= Fa iv dar Sig = B5n72«(0% in, Ob = See t 828%10° in ’ Ser Ae = WE (asia «1o" Vs $82 [Link] 104) = 307 K107* in, ~2.69 A L-in, square is sorbed on the side ofa large stel pressure vessel, Aer ‘pressurization the biaxial sres condition atthe square i as shown, Knowing that 2 2910" psi and »= 0.30, determine the change in length of(@ side AB, (8) side BC, a= 6a (© diagonal Ac. _alfttit PROBLEM 2.70 2.70 For the square of Prob. 2.69, determine the percent change in the slope of ‘diagonal DB due to the pressurization ofthe vessel n= 12k SOLUTION TTT" J—1 5} b The slope is oe & The chenat iw in adops \s pace codevdete Ser enti cade tis ~ adh -bda 4s _ Qadb-bda _ dh_ & eo coset Oe ett a mane n tet aia To change in stope = #8 x 100% 4a = Be EB = 2G) ete fawn’ - (0.296 «1089 = 351.72 *10°* db. + Ey vo) > sie | extct - (o21Kiax108D] = 82.76 «10° 3 5 351.72«10" = 82 76K10 = 268.96 10" Te change in shpe = 268.76 x10" ~ 0,0269 % - PUTT B Label? sider 0 ane b as shown.2.71 A fabric used in ir-inflatedstructuresis subjected tou biaxial loading that results PROBLEM 2.71 in normal stresses o; = 120 MPs and a, 160 MPa, Knowing thatthe properties of the fabric can be approximated as E~ #7 GPa and v=0.34, detemnine the change in length of (2) side 4B, (8) side BC, () diagonal AC. as ~S SOLUTION S SG = Rowlot Pa, G= 0, & = 1koml0* Pa. Bt P(E - YG - vs) > tiga | Rorbet ~ (.2¥YicoxIo*)] = 754,02 x j0~* & = B(-26, -VO+G)e Freer] -sMi20n08) + 160 «0% | = 13701 wo* (a) Sy = (AB YE, = G00 mn (754.0216) = 0.0754 mm ~ (b) See ¥ CBE) Ex = (Sm L1-B701H 10 = 0.1028 mam - (cy AS 76 baked sides of right triangle ABC ac a,b, ale b cts ata bt Obtain differentials by cadevdus 2c de = 2ada+ 2b db de= Sda+ kab But A= 100 mm, b= 100mm C= Y100% 76") = 125 mm da = Sig * 0.0754 mm Ab = Sg. = 0.1370 mm a = 122. 1S. (0.1028) = Se = dle = 48% (o.0754)4 ag” (01028) = 0.1220 mm me2.72. The brass rod AD is fied witha jacket that is used to apply an hydrostatic pressure of 48 MPa tothe 250-mm portion BC ofthe rod. Knowing that E= 105 GPa, and y= 0.33, determine (a) the change inthe total length AD, () the change in diameter of portion BC ofthe rod. SOLUTION PROBLEM 2.72 6 > Gz -p = +4108 Pa, Gyo B= EUG - vey - V6) = Teal 48x)o° - ©.33\(0)-(0.83 48 /0°)] F = 306.29 ¥10* By = (vey + - ve) as\¥8rid8) + @ - (0.88\-43 uct) ] 1 a aezes | = = $01.71 x 10% (0) Change in Jength: — Onk; portion BE is stvained. b= 240 mun Shey = (Q40 K-30l.7/«jO*) = - 0.0724 mm - (2 Change in diameter? d= SO mm Se B= de = (SOX: 306.29 10%) ~~ 0.0/5! mm = 2.73 The homogeneous plate ABCD is subjected to a biaxial loading as shown. It is known that ¢,= 0, and that the change in length of the plate in the x direction must be zero thats, & = 0. Denoting by £ the modulus of elasticity and by vPoisson’s ratio, determine (a) the required magnitude of ¢, (6) he ratio o/ 62S, Gto, & FO Bee BCG - VG - ve.) = (6, -26.) PROBLEM 2.73, (a) 6, = V6 = ae 26, ~26y +6,)= E(-v*-0+6,)= & *%eee im J 2.74 For a member under axial loading, express the normal strain ¢ in a direction biocdeaeicelecti forming an angle of 45° with the axis of the load in terms ofthe axial strain 4, by (a) ‘comparing the hypothenuses of the tiangles shown in Fig. 2.54, which represent respectively an element before and after deformation, (b) using the values of the corresponding stresses o‘and c, shown in Fig. 140, and the generalized Hooke’ law. AKS ° force caveied is £P. 7 | The shearing stress is e Pod ae aia +42 Se ee F From whreh Ps 2At The shearing strain is T= BP fom wich $+ hY Effective spring cothent k= Be 2Az Noting tht te Gr, k= Ee. r{[Link] Moose 7.8/0") Pee 617x108 kN/m =e2.79 The plastic block shown is bonded toa fixed base and toa horizontal rigid plate eae towhich force Ps applied. Knowing that forte plastic used @= 55 ks, determine the deflection ofthe plate when P = 9 ips, 4s iF < Consider the Ay ess al ‘The shearing ore? cavrled is Pe Geo db. The aea is Az (3.5)(5.5)= 14.35 iw Shearing stress Z> t + Tee. 467.52 psi VARS Shearing stein Y= $= ses > 0,0085006 Bot Y= - = S= hY= (22 Wo.008S006) = 0.0187 in. -_ 2.80 A vibration isolation unit consists of two blocks of hard rubber bonded to plate AB and to rigid supports as shown. For the type and grade of rubber used fy = 220 psiand G= 1800 psi, Knowing that a centric vertical force of magnitude P'= 3.2 kips ‘must cause a 0.1 in. vertical deflection of the plate 42, determine the smallest allowable dimensions a and B ofthe biock. souwrioy Consider the wobher block on the right. It carries a Shearing force equal te 4P- The shearing stress is T= 42 ’ or vequived A = Bs QRXlO 2 a. 2727 int Bot A =Gorb Henee b = 2.42 in, ~~ Vse be 242in and ZF 220 psi Shearing strain Y= € = BE = 0.12222 i t** Bt r= % re Hence ars 2b = ogibin,(seed [ese ni u ( 7 | PROBLEM 2.81 2.81 An elastomeric bearing (G = 0.9 MPa) is used to support a bridge girder as shown to provide flexibility during earthquakes. ‘The beam must not displace more than 10 mm when a22 KN lateral load isapplied as shown. Determine (a) the smallest allowable dimension 6, (8) the smallest required thicknessaifthe maximum allowable shearing stress is 420 kPa. SOLUTION Shearing force PF 22xI0*N Shearing stress T > 420 v/0* Pa tw: g Cre ACe & + pare’ 2 52. 381 X10 m™ F 52.381 (0° mm A = 00 mm Vb? b= Ae = SABBIMO e262 sag - re E + Ane | 406.07 10% Bt 7222 as & - (om = U4 men = aie 282 For the casomerc beng in Prob, 281 with b= 220 mm anda = 30 mm, i _ oO i : determine the shearing modulus G and the shear stress rfor a maximum lateral load P= 19KN and a maximum displacement 5= 12 mm, SOLUTION Sheaving force P= 19 xI0° N Area A = (200 mm )(220 mn) = 44X10" tant 44 1078 m™ FG - 2G - vo): & & 28,7 -ve, = -v& e+ &+e+ bee HG, -ve,-ve,) » EPS Volume Ue AL = (380.13 wnt (200mm Y= 76.026 108 ment Av= Ve 4 @) steed: © {O-4)G21-o1 v/o% 2. gua xo AV = (76.026 «10% (242 «10° = 18.40 mm® le) afminum? oe Co3)(iat.o1 nto) a. AU = (76.086 vto* M5110 ) = 394 mm? S19Kior® AbdouDetermine the change in volume ofthe 2-in. gage length segment 4B in Prob. eee Zao iy computing te ttn ofthe rata (by subtracting the original ‘volume of portion 4B from its final volume. From PROBLEM 2.68 201 fiiekness 2 © in : poy tee SE une am a v= 0,30 fin. SOLUTION (a) A eae 0.03125 in® Nodume ® = Abe = (0.08125)(2.00) = 0.0625 in® GF be + Ame psi Gy = G20 7 19.2107 = = ECG - 16, - ve, ) = Ges BH. ce2.07 10° & = Ez = - Vey = ~ (0.B00(662.07%10% ) = - 198.62 «10% et Ex +E +E = 264.88 xjo* AY = Ure =(0,0625 264.83 lo) = 16.55 «10% in? = (b) From the sofution te PROBLEM 2.68 Be = 1 B24xIO* in, Sy = = 99.31% im S, = - 12 HI IOS in The dimensions when under a 600 fh femrite toad avet dength ob Lot S. 7 241.3240 = 2.001324 in. width we WotSy= - 993K10% = — 0.4999007 in, thickness b= GotSe= B-1241xlo® = 0.06248754 in volume Vs lLwt= 0.062516539 in? AV = U- Uz = 0.062516539 - 0.0625 = 16.544 /0 jn wet"2.85 A 6-in, diameter solid stel sphere is lowered into the ovean to a point where PROBLEM 2.85 the prsture i 71k (about 3 miles below the surface). Koowing that £229 10% Paiand v=0.30, detemine (a) the dereaein diameter of the sphere, (8) the decease fae jn volume ofthe sphere, c) the perent increase inthe density ofthe sphere For a sofid sphere %=$d> > FE (6.00)* = 113.097 inf Oye & = & = -p = -21 «10% pai a> EC-V -Y6) + G-ze)p LOH Wate) «147.48 vio" Za x[O* Likewise & = £, = ~ 47.93 »/0°° Oe Ext & +8, = - 293.79 110° (a) -Ad =-do &, = -(6,000( 97.93 10°) = 588 #107* in, ~« (ey -A *-UWe = -(118.047)(-293. 74% 10S) = 33.2%/0°% ind = @) het m= mass of sphere m = constaate me PV, = pV = pU.(i+e) = (l-ese*-e74- yet = -e4e* e742. %-e = 298. 79x10°% Pak 00% = (293.7910 )GJ00%) = 0.0294 % = Po(b) '*2.86 (a) For the axial loading shown, determine the change in height andthe change jn volume of the brass cylinder shown. (b) Solve part a assuming thatthe loading is hydrostatic with a,» o,= 0; = - 70 MPa. soLUTION ha= 135 mm + 0.135 m Bor Bat = Easy = 5.6745 11% mm = STS 1S wi Vat Ache? 766.06% 10" rma = 766.06 *10S m® (a) 6,= 0 , G+-S8¥I Pa, GL =O &* FMS +B -wG= g “ = SBUSS + - 562.38 K10°% Ah = bey = (135 mm C~ 552.38 x10) B= 0.0746 mm -_ 2 logy . = eke 8 2 (0.34)653 x18) e+ 1826, 46 6) = CRI ~ ([Link] HISD =~ 187.81 «10° AV = Vye = (166.06K10* mnt C18 7.8110) = - 148.9 mm? met = = G = -70x10* Par 6 + 6 + 62 = - 210%10° Pa Bye Ele, + Gy - ve, ) = LG (0.34\7ox10) gee ep xj0"* JoS *|o% Dh = hy ky = (185 mm IC226.67K10"%) = - 0.0806 mn = e@ = LBM (e+ 6y+ 6) = GANEaleWIO) . - comet AV = Use = (166.06 x10? mm? (- 680n10% ) = - S21 mm? =PROBLEM 2.87 2.87 A vibration isolation support consists of aod A of radius R, = 2 and atube 2B of inner radius R, = 1 in. bonded to 4 3-in.-long hollow rubber cylinder with a modulus of rigidity G= 1.8 ksi, Determine the largest allowable foree P which may be applied to rod 4 ifits deflection is not to exceed 0.1 in. SOLUTION let v be o radiad coordinate. Over the hodfow vubber cytinder Ri < VER, e Shearing stress T aching la on a cyPindnicad surface | of tadsucr is eee ee ne x ty *aneh i The sheawing strain ie ped = Pe © * Rehr Shearing dleFormetion over vediad Jonsth de 2 ase Var s poe Total dePormetion s+ (as oir (it % 7 Ry _ a Pp - : mene = peglih Pa - tn ®) =P Ba = 27GhS “ew ow Pe A Detet ReFin = OBIT | Br hou, he Zo in G P 1840 psi, 8 = OL! in “1o* 5. a 2 Gm\tr8¥10* C30). _ [Link] xs Me 246 kis B(1.0/ 0.875 )PROBLEM 2.88 ne Re R 12.88 A vibration isolation support consists ofa rod A of radius R, end a tube B of inner radius fy bonded to 2 3-in-long hollow rubber cylinder with a modulus of rigidity G= 1.6 ksi, Determine the required value ofthe ratio Ry, if ia 2-kip force is tocause a 0.12+in. deflection of rod 4. SOLUTION Let v be o radial coordinate. Over the hodfow Vubher cytinder Ri VER, Pe Shearing stress T achug ay on a eyPindrical surface Cc oF radsuse is rT -2 2 h hn v > 7 inek a The sheasing strain is pera Y "6 * arene Shearing deformation over radlat fonsth dv ag. a tt ay : . ae 482 Tae: che a Total dePormetion : = (%y5 --P (7 de oi Sas “amGh i, if s im Pio. amay er |e = apap Re oR) eee R ” 206h fo BR . neh = Am IBx1o* W392) soag 2rto> = ep (1.8076) = G.I =*2.89 A composite cube with 40-mm sides and the properties shown is made with FROBLEM 2.9 ‘lass polymer fibers aligned in the x direction. The cube is constrained against ‘deformations in the y and z directions and is subjected toa tensile load of 65 KN in the + direction. Determine (a) the change in the length ofthe cube in the x direction, (8) the stresses, 0, and 2) Y= 0254 v= 0354 y= 008, SOLUTION Stwess~ to - strain equations ave The constraint conditions ave 6 =O add G20 Dsing (2) end (2) with the eonstracnt conch tans gives BS ee 2 wee, Ex “EQ1EG: BG ® . S354 6, on Gy - 0.9286, = 0.077216 6% - Gy + ta 6, = QB Oy or - 0.4286, + 6 = 0.077016 6, Selving simodtaneousdy Gy = Oy > 0.134993 6% Using CY) ant © Vin O) &E - BG - BE, ek I b= Gay Yo.134993) - (0. a4 Co. 34993) | S 0.93142 Gy A = (40)(40) = 1600 mm = 1600 x10" m* . 6, £ = etes = yo.625xloS PaProblem 284 comhnued iL ey = OMB MyeeeT HF) a56 ae 10% \- 50 K/o7 U @) Set Lye = (Yo mm X 756.7815) = 0.0303 mm = [ ) 6, = 40.625¥J0°Pa = 4o.6 MPa =< 7] Sy = Sy = 0.134993 )G4o.625K10%) > 5.48 10° Pa ju = S.48 MPa = 0 | PROBLEM 290 2.90 The compost cube of Prob. 2.89 is contained against deformation inthe = 4irection and elongated in the x direction by 0.035 ma due to a tensile load inthe x icection., Determine (a) the stresses o,, cand 0, (b) the change in the dimension in the y direction, Fyn HGP 0254 Hy= 1520P v= 0254 Ey 152CR v= 0408 ecole teensy 10 SOLUTION @) mis mks =f mh 6 @) ke als Constraiwt condition Load cone tion From equation (8) 0 + - BEG E& = Bebe = (0.25)05.2 = 0. S ES (o.28\Cs.2) -O7721G SyProblem 2.99 coinved From equation (1) with 6y =O Bt EG - GE Be ts °E Tey- o.2s¢6, | = ELI- @.asy)o. 077216)] 6x = 02938089 & Paes = eee Sx = Grgg087 Bt & = = ba 0,085 mm = B75 410° 0.98034 a) “ te, -4 From (2) &* Bo +E 8, Bo 50 KIO" TS.2¥107% = — 323.73 x10 St ee ho min (= 323.78 41°) =~ 0. 0129 mm (a) Gz = LSO*1OT NBS HITS) 2 4H. G25 *1O* Po = 4 MPa. Gy = (0.077216 (u¥casxto*) = 3.446 ¥10" Pa = 3.45 MPa SH)C44625x10°) 4 & Co4AB) (3-446 * 109) = 4 APROBLEM 2.91 SOLUTION Hee S * Fay oe +291 Show that for any given materi the ratio G/E ofthe modulus of rigdity over the modulus of asiciy i always les than + but mare than + [Hint Refer to Eq (248) and o See. 2.13] = 2Ci+v) Assume 220 for atmost afl matenats and v Foun ON? From Fig 2.64 b Re 210 Mun = tod © USXGO) © 750 mm = 750 x10 mn ke. 2 AninSrae - (750x108 (40 mio) _ eee ate ilo Se (b) Without vaised sectio K= |.00 P > Ania Sane ® (75015 Lito x10") = 10S¥1O* = 10s kN To change = (LEGS) x100% = 110% = 2,100 cot ral fice i plod oe sel ur shown, Knowing ta PROBLEM 2.100, 135 MPa, determine the maximum allowable load P. oe co SOLUTION At the hole? = Timm d= FO-1B= 7mm Ge 0.125 From Fig 26¢a K= 2.65 ug 2 Tob © (US YIAIE 1,08 x10% mm = LOB IC™ me ke Sra Ad pe Aut Saxe - QoBneNIBEHC) «55 uio"N + 55 Ab the Filet Ds 120 mm, A= 90 mm, DB . 1,283 Ve 10mm > go = OM — From Fig 264b Kz 2.02 Raw 2 Bd = USM 40) = [Link]%ICT we = 1.35 /07* m™ Cue? se p= As Ge . 2S x1o* 138 x10") = 9o¥ldN * 90 kW Smaller value for P controds P= SS kN —_2.101 The 30-mim square bar AB has a length L=7.2m; itis made ofa mild stel PROBLEM 2.101 'm; itis made ofa mild steel that is assumed to be clastoplastc with E = 200 GPa and oy = 345 MPa. A force P is ‘pplied to the bar until end 4 has moved down by an amount d,. Determine the 5 ‘munximum value of the force P and the permanent set ofthe bar after the force has ‘been removed, knowing that (a) = 4.5 mm, (b) 4,= 8 mm, SOLUTION i A = (8oX(80) © Qv0 wm’ = WOH/O ER” Sy = her = bee BA NEBISIONY 58.7950 10° = 3.195 mm ‘i IF Sm > Sy Pm = AG, + (400 210* X345yi0) = 810.510 P Uebodding S's Fale. Sloe gs, 2 4.745 nm S + $.-S' @) Sn 4S nn > Sy P,,* 8/0.5¥10°N = 310.5 kN -_ Spon = 45mm = B.79S mm % 0.705 mm -_= b) Sa Ban > Sy Pat 810.5xION = 810.5 ku ~ Sp = Bum = BS. 79S am ROS mm =~ PROBLEM 2.102 2.102 The 30+mm square bar AB has a length L = 2.5 m; itis made of mild steet that {a assumed to be elastopleatic with £ = 200 GPa and ay = 345 MPa, A force P is, ‘pplied tothe bar and then removed to give it « permanent set determine the ‘maximum value of the force P and the maximum amount d, by which the ber should be stretched ifthe desired value of ds (a) 3.5 mm, (6) 6.5 mm, SOLUTION A = Go)(30) + 900 mn* = 900x107* m* Sy = hey = LSe Gslavewie 2 4 sacricln = 4.2125 mm When Su exceeds Sy, Hus producing a permanent Stretch of Sp, the maximum Force “rs Pa = ASy = (900 10" BHSHIO') © [Link] = Bios kN —e Sp= Sa-S' = Sy~ Sy Sat Spe Sy @) Spt 3.5 mam Sm? SS mm 4 4312S mn © LBP mm (b) Sp > 6.5 mm Smt [Link] $3IRS mn = 10-81 min 4 oPROBLEM 2.103, ao 2.403 Rod 4B is made of a mild stel that is assumed o be elastoplastic with £= 29 % 10" ksi and , = 36 ksi. After the rod has been attached toa rigid lever CD, itis found that end Cis 3 in. too high, A vertical force Q is then applied at C until this point has moved to position C’. Determine the required magnitude of Q and the deflection 6, ifthe lever is to snap back toa hoizontal position after Q is removed. SOLUTION Since the ‘red AB is to be stretched permanently, the peak foe inthe rod is P= Py, whera Py = AG) = FG) (6) = 3.976 Kips Referring the free beady aliagnan of fever CD IM= 0 %Q-RP=z0 Qz Bp- Byes s 265 hips =e During vntoading , the springheck at B is Sex lag = bar = Cooled) - 0.0748 in From the defovmation diag van, Shpg O= Gos fee 2 BS.- ON7 ne PROBLEM 2.104 2.103 Rod 4B is made ofa mild steel that is assumed tobe elastoplastic with E=29 10F ksi and ay = 36 ksi After the rod has been attached to a rigid lever CD, itis found that end Cis $-in, too high. A vertical force @ is then applied at C until this point has moved to potition C", Determine the requited magnitude of Q and the deflection 4, ifthe lever i fo snap back to horizontal position after Q is removed. 2.104 Solve Prob. 2.103, assuming that the yield point ofthe mild stet used is 50 ki SOLUTION Since the vod AB is to be stretched permanently, the peak Force in the vod is Pe PB, when R= AGP ® FGYG0) = 5.522 Kips. Referring to the Free body chingron of Aven cr ZM,=o 883Q-22P +0 a: Bp - BS. acekys Dering unfoading, the speing back at Bis a = Lye By = base. (eorsoud) . 0.1084 in. From the deFormehion diagram Slope 0+ SB= Bx S.= Bsex O.1552in —ePROBLEM 2.105 2.108 Rods AB and BC are made ofa mild ste! that is assumed to be elastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and a, = 345 MPa, The rods ae stretched until end has moved down 9 mm, Neglecting stress concentrations, determine (a) the maximum value of the force P (9) the permanent sel measured at pons and Baer the force has been Ir removed, SOLUTION ue eee Brg * Flo. ossl = 962.10 Ans Blaousy = 1.st0¥is's @\ Prase = Ama Sy = (ecatvs*Kavento" ) = 821.93 %/0"N = 332 kN — sin |p seramm (6) Spring beck s'= Slee s +Fe E(oa+ Be) a Ps 331.98 11 /__ OB ) R00 © 10% Fez.) x1Or* THe = 2638 KIe em = 268m At point A Sp= Sy S'* Imm- 263mm = 6.37 mn = At post Bi No yielding in BC; hence =Spe Oo —_ PROBLEM 2.106 2.108 Rods AB and BC are made of «mild ste hat is assumed to be cestoplastc ‘with B= 200 GPa end a, = 345 MPa, The rods are stretched until end has moved down 9 mm. Neglecting stress concentrations, determine (a) the maximum value of the force P, (6) the permanent sot measured at points 4 and B after the foree has been removed, 2.106 Solve Prob. 2.105, assuming that the yield point of the mild steel used is 250, i. SOLUTION Aaa ® F (0.085) = ILI, Age = [Link]) * 1.5404 IO wt (OY Prax = Anin OF = (462-1 #10 (250% 10%) = 240.53 N = 241 KN = (b) Spring heck $= Eh 2 eR = P(e bee) = 240.5310? a 20OK[OF A nao ro vo, = 1.908 x (0% m = 1-408 mm, At point A Sp2 Sy-S' = Amma FOB mm = 7.04 men = At point 1B, no yielking in BOs hence Sp =O =PROBLEM 2.107 22107 Each ofthe three 6mn-lametr steel cables fs made ofan elstoplastic ‘terial for which oy ~ 345 MPa and ~ 200 GPa. “A foree P is applied to the rigid bar ABC until the bar has moved downward a distance 8= 2 mm. Knowing that wee intally taut, determine (a) the maximum value of () the maxintun stress that ocurin cable AD, (¢) the final displacement ofthe bar afer the load fs removed. (Hin: In parc, cable BE is not taut) SOLUTION For each cabte A= F(0.006) = 28.274«10% in® Strain ed initiod yielding, & B45 10% ee: Zi qeovisy = Lrasxio? Stain in cables AD and CFE Ey = Bay ® S 2 hee sj asyjot the ~ 1600 nm Strain in coble BES fgg & = Be = aso no Since Si< Ey, Sry = F bag © (200107 [Link]®) = 2SO*IO% Pa Since Ee > Ey, See = 6, = SUSx1O° Pa Forces? Pao = Per = A Ske = (28.274«10°°)( aS0x10*) = 7.0685 “Ic? N Pee = AGse = (28.274 x10 (345% )0%) = 9.7845"10° N For equidibrion of bax ABC Poot Pec+ PR. -P 20 @) P= Part Peet Par = (7.06854 4.7545 + 7.0685) x 10° W = 23.9 «loo N = 43.9 WN =e (0) Gap = @50Klo* Pa = 250 MPa ~« After unboading P=o Cable BE is not tut Pee =O By symmetry Pho = Pee Fur equidibnom Poo= Re = O ©) Fina disphacened $ is comtroPled by the Fina? Lengths oF cobbles AD and CE. Since thésecables were never permanenthy deformed, the Final displacement is S= Swe = Sp tO ~2.107 Each ofthe three 6-mm-diameter steel cabies is made of an elastoplastic material for which = 345 MPa and ~200 GPa. force Pi applied tothe rigid ‘bar ABC until the bar has moved downward a distance 6-2 mm. Knowing thet cables were initially tut, determine (a) the maximum value of P, Oierecnum ‘Stross thet occur in cable AD, (c) the final displacement ofthe bar after the load is removed, (Hint: In part c, cable BE is not tut.) PROBLEM 2.108 2.108 Solve Prob. 2.107, assuming that the cabies are replaced by rods ofthe same ‘ross-sectional area and material. Further assume thatthe rods are braced so that SOLUTION For each rod At F(0.006)* = 28.274 x10* m* Strain af initial yielding By = Se- GSA? - 1.725 x 10* 200x1o% Strain in vods AD and CF! fo = Ee = B= “an = 12s xe? ts © ieeonn Strain in vod BE! fee ep = Bete + 250 x10” Since Eo < &, Sar = E€m = (ZO0xI0"M(I.25x15*) = 250 x10" Pa Since Ege > Ey, See = Sy = 34S * 10° Po Forces: Pro = Per * AGso = (28.2410 )(250x10%) = 7.0685 x15 N = AGar = (28. 274 110 (34S HOS) = 9.7545 %10°N For equidibriom of bar ABC Prot Pee + Re - P= (0) P= Pot Pct Pr = (Z0ces+ 9.7545 + 7.068S)x107M = 23.9kM me () Gy = 250x104 Pa = 250 MPa - Lat S' = change tn diaplacement during oe Pao? =A $': = (20010282) 5. 5 sey nine 5! = Py 1600 * to-* -o i= (ao0x10r an zI4Hie) 5 Ys! = poees x Jo% $' For fags P's Po + Pac + Pee © 14.137 «10% §' Bt P-Pi=o0 Pile Ps 23.8900" MN Sir 23.89%10° 2 | can xjo"? m 14.137 * [0% Permanent displacement oF ba Sein = Sma S'F 2x10" - |.640%15* = 0.810 x16? m = 0.810 mm =oa ao 290mm 190 mm (a) &) © 2.109 Rod AB consists of two cylindrical portions AC and BC, each with a cross- eee sectional rea of 1750 mm*, Portion ACis made of a mild steel with B= 200 GPa and = 250 MPa, and portion a is made ofa high-strength steel with £ = 200 GPa and 2% = 345 MPa, A load P is applied at C as shown, Assuming both steels to be clastoplasti, determine (a) the maximum deflection of Cif P is gradually increased from zero t0 975 KN and then reduced back to zero (6) the maximum stress in each Portion ofthe rod, (c) the permanent deflection of C, SOLUTION Displacement ob C fe cause yielding of AC = ee ~ O.\90\asono%) os B Ser bicker = outs = CAAENESeHe = 0.2975 x15" m Corresponding Force Fae = A 6yae = (I750x15* )Qso x 108) = 487.5 4108 N a SAS a = BOOMIO* X1750x10°)(0.239S IS) «ys evict N 28 0.196 Tron equidibrion of element at 0 Fis CRgtRI2O Re AL-Fg= 875 x10°N Since opetiod Sood Pe YSKION > 875%/FW, portion yiebalee Fig = Fie - P= 497,5u10*-975 x 10IN-= - $37.5 *108 N . - She Leo, (637.5xj0)(D.190) | a & E *Goanet iso tos) 2 OR 79 MITT m = 0.292 mm = Mayvimum stresses Gre > Syae = 250 MPa « 2 < Sac ® a +> GRLEHO! = - 07. MIO" Pe -307 HP DeFlection and Forces for unfoading fy 4 . a . Si= Age file Bee Re P= 97Sxiot = Pl~ Py = 2PE Pac = 487.5 410" N s'= 487.5 x108 10.190) so.264cHx Jo? m (200 «10° (178 x107F 7 Spt Sn ~ 8! * 0.2977 MOS = 0.26GmIS? = 0.02715 %10"m = 8.027 mm —=2.109 Rod AB consists of two cylindrical portions AC and BC, each with a cross- PROBLEM 2.110 sectional area of 1750 mm. Portion ACiis made of a mild stee! with £= 200 GPa and = 250 MPa, and portion B¢ is made ofa high-strength steel with E200 GPa and % = 345 MPa. A load P is applied at Cas shown. Assuming both stecis to be staple denne (9 he naman defcton fCRP epee ir fom 00 9751N an hen ede back oss Oe erase 190 mm Portion of the rod, (c) the permanent deflection of C, 2.110 For the composite rod of Prob. 2.109, if P is gradually incressed from zero nfl the deflection of point C reaches @ maximum value of 4, = 0.3% and then decreased back to 2ero, determine, (a) the maximum value of P, (6) the maximum stress in each portion ofthe rod, (c) the permanent deflection of C after the load is i removed SOLUTION 190mm Displacement af C is Sm= 0.30mm. The coveespo: ing, strane arg = Sn 2 0.30 |. se Fre = Te = 140mm 7 18789 x10 = Bn. _ 0.30mm _ ies fa ~ GARE = - 1.578910 Strains ot intiad yieRling Ryn > Skt = BOM. asics? (yielin E = oon tot * =- Soe ._ B4Snto* .. no : Eyes + Soe = SALUOS eh 12s (efastic ) lad Forces : = AG, = (1750 wo" Kasoxio*) = 437.0x10% wv Fg = EAS = (200x107)(1780 «(0% - 5789410" )= 552.6 xo* For equibibvion oF eDement at C Fie- Fig- P= 0 Pe F- Fen = 487.5 x10" 552.6% 10? = 990.1 10°N= 990 KN =e {b) Stresses? AC Cu Sore = 250 MPa = cB eas Fats - SERCH tensor (2) DeFection and Forces for unfousling 1, Pelli, Poles . ple pile _ | ste Fee Ages 2 Pls Re Pls Pe Pe = APL ta. NM ~ Ple uasosmio® N 1, 4ISesK1o*) (0,190) ee t * (oo xeN(7soxjo™) = 0 M87 wlo 0.268274 men 7316 MPa = Sp = Sm-S! = 0,80 mm - 0.26874 mm * 0.08) mm -_2.111 Two tempered-stoel bars, each 7 -in. thick, are bonded to a 4 -in, mild-steel ‘bar, This composite bar is subjected as shown to a centric axial Load of magnitude P. Both steels are elastoplastic with £ = 29 x 10 psi and with yield strengths equal to 100 ‘ksi and 50 ksi, respectively, for the tempered and mild steel. The load P is gradually increased from zero until the deformation of the bar reaches a maximum value 4, = (0,04 in, and then decreased back to zero. Determine (a) the maximum value of P, (b) i ‘the maximum stress in the tempered-stecl bars, (c) the permanent set after the load is in, removed, PROBLEM 2.111 SOLUTION For the mld steed A, = &¥2) © 1.00 in? 2 Sy = He . Meresonior) = 0.024188 in, For the tempered stee# A, >= 2(8)(2) = 0.78 int = bGre . WG00%18) _ Sr = AGre - WG00110) - 0. 04ga7¢ Total area: Az AHA, = 17S ine Sa < Se < Sr The mld steed yields. Tempered steel is elashc, (@) Forces P= A, Sy = (i.00)(Somic*) = So x10 Ab. Plt EA Em (29 #108 (0.75 (0-04) = 62.14 vio* Db A 4 P= P+ B= N2Mxjo* MH = 12.1 kips « We) Stresses 6 = Bs Gy = Sow)" pi > SO ksi Gt a = $2. ne = 82867108 5: = 8286 ksi met i . : - PL | Ciawno*)(4) | : UnPoadi ng Si Ea Gay > 0.08094 in (©) Permanent set Spt = 0.04 - 0.03044 = 0.009706 in, —e2.111 Two tempered-steel bars, cach 7 -in thick, are bonded to a + -in, mild-stcel PROBLEM 2.112 bar. This composite bar is subjected as shown toa cent axial load of magnitude P. oth steels are elastoplastie with £= 29 = 10% psi and with yield stengths equal to 100 si and 50 ksi, respectively, forthe tempered and mild stcel, 2.112 For the composite bar of Prob, 2.111, ifP is gradually increased from zero to 98 kips and then decreased back to ero, determine (a) the maximum deformation of in the bar, (6) the maximum stress inthe teupered-steel bars, (c) the permanent set after the load is removed. SOLUTION Areas? Mild stee® A, = GYR) = 1.00 in® Tempevecl steed Ax= 2(4 2) = 0.75 in® Toteht AEA SAL = LIS int Total force to yiekd the medd steel 6, = r = P= AG) + (75 (Some) = 27.50 x07 2. P> Py, therebre mild steel yiedds. het Pi= force carted by mitd steel P= Forme cavnved by tempered steet P= AG = U00)(soxio*) = Soxio® Jb, P.+P =P, P= PHR= 98m somic® = 43x107 A, gio?) Ca) _ : tal 24 /0%)(0-75) 0.03090 in : ABI = GHxlo pei = 6H bet ~ EB +. PL. Gexor G4) _ Voleting 5 = ERT Ganioe)Cn ae) = O:22708 in ©) & = S,- §' = 0.03070 - 0.02708 = 0.00387 in ~2.113 Bar AB has a cross-sectional area of 1200 mm? and is made of a steel that is ee assumed to be elastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and a= 250 MPa. Knowing thatthe force F increases from 0 to $20 KN and then decreases to zero, determine (a) the M4 aI permanent deftection of point C, (6) the residual stress in the ba. SOLUTION cee om —_ A ® 1200 mm = 1200%10° m™ Force te yield portion AC + Pye = AGY = (200x105 )Gs0 x10°) ae Ry = 300 x/079N <{ =F For equilibnun Ft Pog - Pe te Ry = Peo Fs 300K 520x107 ~ 220 xlo* N Ree bes _ (220 xJ0*) (0.440 - 0,120) 0. ss i : 293838 ¥1d Se EA (220 110 i200 w10F) * i eleeen tects Tey eee * 6g = z ® foene 183. 333 “10° Pa Unfoading i 1 ") fe Pele 2. Pale « (Fr Pe dles Be a EA EA + fle yb EL bey Lee) 2 Flee Fre (ER + EG EA acs = — (S20 wo? Wowie 200120) _ 378 ag 040" N ac thee - Prd F = 378. 182x(0*-S2oxlo® = ~141. 818 xio" N x(o* - 2 27 Ree = 315.152 10% Pa = LHL BIB KIO = Lig ig2x)o% Pa © "7209 xto* ' 182 Coo) 89091 x] m Se Gooxoiao0n10) = O:! @) Sep = Sor SI = 0.298383 KIT? = 0,1 BFON HIS? = 0-142 x10 m = O.1042mm at (bY Ghgen = Sy - Gt 250 xlo* - B1S.1S2 *1O* = -E5S,2 x10" Py Geares * Gee ~ Seg = ~133,233610%+ 118,182 xtO*2.113 Bar AB has a cross-sectional area of 1200 mm and is made of a steel that is aoe a assumed to be elastoplatic with E= 200 GPa and cy =250 MPa. Knowing that the force F increases froin 0 to 520 kN and then decreases to 2era, determine (a) the a SOLUTION B= 1200 mm™ = [200% 107% wm Force to yield portion AC? Phe = AG, = liz00x10"* Caso x 108) = 300 10> N P. For equilibrium = F + Pag - Pac = . a “SF be Pea = Pe F = 300 x10" S20 10? = - 220 (07 N — Pag beg _ (220 *109(0.440 - 0.180) EA (200 x10*)C1200 KI) = Ee 2 __2R0xjo* . | 6 6, = @- rere = - 183,383 X10 Pa Un foal ing te Patlee Pale . (F-Padles , "(Ley bea 2 Eb sis Fpge se = Eee. (ag) Be = cB xto® (0,440 - 0,180! Pre = eo - Gronteh (ute -0.182} = 307.273 K10" W = 0. 238333%/07* m Peg = Pa-F = 302.273xl0°- S20» jo® = -212. 7271 N gl + 4807-223 10° \Co. a Qoomuo*)\Ci200 = 0.280455 ¥10* mn +, Pal , 307.273 K/07% | < Ge = “R= goo ee 7 456.061 wI0% Pa +. Be. -212.7a7«10* | oP ab SATIS” 5 ~ 177.278 r10 0.00788 110% Wn = 0.00788 mm =e C) Sip = S.- S.' = 0.238388 x/5*- 0,73045Sx10" (oY Gren = Sa Gil = 250 x10*= 256.061 J0* = - 6.06 x10 Pa = -606 MPo oe Gira > Seg- Sig = ~19% B88 ulo' + 177.973 KIDS = = 6.06 IO Pa - 6.06 MPa = 7 (com)2111 Two tompered-stel bars, each in. hick, are bonded toa in, mildsteel betaine bar. This composite bar is subjected as shown to a centiic axial load of magnitude P, Both steels areclasoplasic with £= 29 10"psi and with yield stenglh eal o 100 ks and 50 si, respectively, forthe tempered and mild steel ¥2.115 For the composite bar of Prob. 2.111, determine the residual stresses inthe tempered-st tel bars if Pis gradually increase from zero to 98 kips and then decreased zm beck 1 ze. SOLUTION Areas ? Midd steed A, = (2) = 1.00 Tempered steed Ag = (X%X2) = 0.75 y* Tetadt A= AQHA, = 178 int Totes force to yiebd the mitt steed Sy = & + Pt AGH = (u7sX Sone) = 87.50 x10" Db P> Pes theredore midd steed yiefels het Pot farce camled by mibl steef FL > Rece Carried ty tempered stee? P= ALS, = C00 Se 108) = somto® db, Pere P, Be P-Pe aaxit-Sorjo® = 48xic* Mh = 64X10" psi . "PL axto* _ iota UnJoading SF AAT OT Se ulot pss Residuad stresses mitd steeP Sins = O- O's SOx - 56x10" = -6 x10" ps 2-6 ke tempered cteel S, = 6y- 6) = 64 KI0*~ Sex 1O* . > HIT psi 2 g kst -_2.111 Two empered-stel bars, each in. thick, ore bonded to a $ in, mild-stel ter, This compost ber subjected as shown oe cent axial loa of magrideP Both steels are elastoptastic with £= 29 * 10° psi and with yield strengths equal to 100 kan 90 sh respectively, forte tempered and mil tel 2,116 For the composite bar in Prob. 2.111, determine the residual stresses in the tempered-steel bars i P is gradually increased from zero until the deformation of the ia, _barreaches a maximum value , = 0.04 in, and is then decreased back to zero, PROBLEM 2.116 ai SOLUTION For the meéd steed A, = (4X2) = 1-00 in® gy, = Ee = (4 sox0%) A eee see 2a 10F = For the tempered steed A, = 2039) = 0.75 i> ~ L&e . Cy)Goorto%) _ TAREE ea 2a 10) a Totad area: A= A\+ Ay = 175 in® Sn < Sa< Sr The mid steeD yields. Tempered steel is elastic. Forces P, = AG, =C.0oXSoxJ0) = SOxi0” tb P, = EAS. . (21x10°\(O75\0.04) ~ G62. 14 wo? Ab C 1 0.024138 in O.O48276 in Stresses 6, = = Gy = Soxlo* pat Ar © = & : Sia! = 82.8610" psi : 1. PL law, rc Undead ing Ciel ag asain 64.08 rlo” psi Residual stresses wares = 6, - 61> Soxjo>-64.08r10° = - 14.0810" psi = 14.08 Ksi Sires = Oy Os 82. Bb Ie COBO = 18.78 10° prt 12.78 ksi =e weine eee 7 2.117 A uniform steel rod of cross-sectional area A is attached to rigid supports and PROBLEM 2.17 ‘is unstressed at a temperature of 8°C. The steel is assumed to be elastoplastic with += 250 MPa and G=200 GPa. Knowing that a™ 11.7 x 10°/°C, determine the stress in te bar (a) when the temperature is raised to 165°C, (6) after the temperature has retumed t0 8°C. Seen SOLUTION Determine temperature change to cause yieMthing S= -RE +talat) = - SF + Lad = 0 aoe 250 x10% es ° Deo Bet CeouoN 710%) ~ 106-8880 Bot AT = 165-8 = 167°C @) Yielding oceurs = © =-6y = - 250 MPa = Cooking (AT)! = 187°C sis 5, +Sp2 -FL siaury = o 6's £ = ~ Ea(ar)’ = = (200 0107 11.7 «1° ) C187) = - 367,38 x/0* Pa (b) Brg F ~ Sy = 6! = - a50mIOS + 307.38 %10S = 117.38 «10% Pa = 174 MPa =2118 A narrow bar of aluminum is bonded to the side ofa thik tel plate as PROBLEM 2.118, Shown. Inially at T,=20°C, all senses ae zero. Kaowing tha the femperature wil be slowly rised to T and then reduced to T, determine (2) the highest temperature 7; tht does nor result in residual steses, (2) the temperature T; that ‘will elt na residual stress in the aluminum equal to 100 MPa "Assume a 23.6 the aluminum is asopastie, wih £=70 GPa and <= 100 MPa. (Hn Neglect ‘the smal stresses inthe plate.) SOLUTION Determine tempenture change te cause yielding Be + Lary = Las(AT)y Be © = [email protected] 06) (ATH = -6 : & 100 *. . 1) = Sy _ = . o OTN Feaay = Cano Waser ei (ay Tay = T,+AT)y= 20 + 120.64 = 140.0%° 6 = After yielding s= Shs Laan) = La (aT) FE + Laat) = La (ary’ The vesrdoal stress is Ge = SE = by Ela) (AT) Set Ge = - 6, “6 = 6) - Elda- 4 MAT) 26 oe @\woxl0e) ce . AT = cana) > Como lGar ii yioy = 290-1 ¢ &) Tr = T+ AT = 20+ ahor = 260,1°° - Tf Ty > 26004°C , He afeminum bar widl most Akety yietd “in compression. x 10°/°C forthe aluminum and a,= 11.7 104°C forthe steel. Further assume thatfan ed eed Lt oO oa 2.119 The steel rod ABC is attached to rigid supports and is unstressed at a PROBLEM 2.119 temperate of 38°. The sl is armed cats, wth = 36 ksh and E29 x 10° psi, ‘Tho temperature of both portions of the rod is then raised to 250 *P. A=0.10in® — A= L0in? Knowing that a = 6.5 x 10°/°F, determine (a) the stress in portion AC, (6) the deflection of point C. j SOLUTION ne btinch—tin—| Sem = Seue + Sear = 0 Coonstraint) Determne AT to cause yielding iw AC. e P ~ Ele - Phes Lye MCAT) = 0 fF EAL ~ Ean * bw ot Lac L (on = eal & + 4) At yielding Pe Any 7), = An Se fbi Lee) _ (0.70 36x10°) 7 (AM. = Ta (4 +42) Gere (s+ = 182.785 °F Actuel AT © 250 ~ 38 = 212°F > (AT), 3 yield: at Te occurs, Cpe =~ Sy = ~ 36 ksi = P= 6 Age = (86x10°M 0.70) = 25.2 »10° Lh Se= - Seq 7 Bit ~ Lee atar) _ &saxe%)(9) © GapaoeYC-0) = O.0IZI7G - 0.019242 =-O.007IIE in = (14 )(6.5*10°% (212) $2 O.007/2ine= =2119 The steel rod ABC is attached to rigid supports and is unsiressed at a ‘temperature of 38°F. eee ine assumed elastoplastic, with a = 36 ksiand E= 29 | x 10 psi, Tho temperature of both portions of the rod is then raised to 250 “F. Knowing that a= 6.5 * 10°F, determine (a) the stress in portion AC, (b) the deflection of point C. 12120 Sone Pob 2.119, suing that he epee of herd rane to 250 °F and then returned to 38 r brahim gonumon J: : San = Sanje * Soar =O (constraint) a iy {| je Determine AT te cause yiedehing mm AC. : = Pla — Phos if ] "FR Bk + Las (AT) = Ui P (4 + bes) = (S i Tra Bot \ Ae” Aca) CAAA es YEE KIO) \5278 Po rl = 6.0629x)5° P At yiedbing Pee Sr Ae = (36 xJ0* \(o.7)= 25.210" Db | IAT )y = (6.0627 10" Kas. 2010") = 152.785 °F Acted AT = 250-38 = 212°F > (AT), = yielding occurs, ; Ge = - Sy = - 86 110" psi Se= - Sere = EiSt - Lecellar)= =(NG.5 18 AID) = 0.012176 - 0.019292 = - [Link] in 4 ° AT i IR Coo ding AT'> 212 °F P= came OcMaNO® = “Coeaa lO Peart aa : Pls Cocmmot = Cocaqvios 7 SH.967¥I0 Mb, (a) Resiruad stress in AC Girne +E + ~ 30nd + B88? 13.96 w10" psi | : = 18.95 ksi = i a 2-84 +- Et + Laat) =- ener Lu), U4 G.sx15* QR) L = = 0.016881 + 0.019292 = 0.00241! in Sup = Se + S.. = -0,0071¢ + 0.00241] = ~ 0.00471 in i 0.0047} in <<2.121 The rigid bar ABC is supported by two links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5%6- ‘mm rectangular cross section and made of a mild steel thet is assumed to be clastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and cy = 250 MPa. The magnitude of the force Q applied at 8 is gradually increased from z2r0 to 260 KN. Knowing that a= 0.640 m, determine (a) the value of the normal stess in each link, (6) the maximum deflection ‘of point 2. PROBLEM 2.121 SOLUTION Statics? FM,=20 0,640(Q-Rek 2.64 Ry =O Deformation? $,422.640, Sg=Q0= 0.640 0 . ] Efastic Anal, ° ft i A = (37.5)(€) = 205 mm™ = 225x10° m* = = Boo x10 (225 x10") € Pro = GA 5, = Bosnian Manswers 26.47 «10 5, ‘a = (2647109 (2.64 8) = 69.88xl0* 6 Sm = H+ 10.6 x10" 8 5 as © 922510") < Pee = GAs, = apeHorGIsnO" ls, = 45x10" Sy = (45)0% )(0.640 6) = 28.80 x/0° @ See = ce = 128x107 6 From Stebies Q= Peet Et Pro = Pet 4195 Po = [23.30 10% + 4.125 )(69.8808)]8 = 317.06 10% O Q at yielding of Bink AD Gas > Sy = 250¥IO = $10.6 107 O Q, = 804.89 vio ~® Qy = (317.06 x10* )(204.89%10"") = 255.2 10% N Sine @= 260410 > Qy, Dink AD yiehds. Gyo = 250 MPa =e Prot ASy = (225x108 asowto) = 56.2510" Feom Stuties Pee? Q= 4.125 Pro = 260 x10 -Uh.1as VCs6.25¥/0") Pee 247x108 e Pag = 27.97 10° N = Ses BAI = 124.3410" Pq a Gee> RY > Fasx10" ee oa ietn pare ae Se Peeler (22.97x10* (1.0) = 622.63 «/0% ER“ (200 #10 )Gas*io“* ) = 0.622 mm =2121 The rigid bar ABC is supported by two links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5x6- ‘mm rectangular cross section and made of @ mild stoel that is assumed to be clastoplastic with B = 200 GPs and a, = 250 MPa, ‘The magnitude ofthe force Q applied at 3 is gradually increased from zero to 260 KN, Knowing that a= 0.640 th, determine (a) the value of the normal stress in each link, (0) the maximum deflection of point 2. 2.122 Solve Prob. 2.121, imowing that a= 1.76 m and tha the magnitude ofthe force Q applied at Bis gradually increased from zero to 135 KN. SOLUTION Stehes! ZMe=0 1.76(Q= Ryl-2.c4Py =o Po Poe AG, Aiea TT? Deformehion B= 2040, Ser h.7a 6 te Edashic Analy sis 8 A = (87.56) = 225 mm = Za5¢107% mt saa Pye 5, «(oomton(a2s 12°) 5 «ac rant 5 =(2C.47x10* (2.640) = 67.88 xl0¢ Gio = Be = 310.6 x0" 6 Tae = FAs, = Goowonlaaswo") 5. uswiot 5, = (uso NU. 168) Lee = 79.2*10% 6 See = ie = 352%/0"@ From Statics Q= Past PER, = Por + 1.500, Pro = [73.8 x10t +500 Yorasxiot)]@ = 178.c2«)0% 6 Oy ot yielding oF Dink BE Gag = Sy = 250 ¥I0* = 352+)0" 6, Oy = 710.2% 107% Qy = (178.6210* VT10.938“10") = 126,86 ¥107 NN Since Q* ISSx1ON > Qy, fink BE yields Gg_>.6,= 250 MP, =< Bes = AG, + (225x10)(250xJ0%) = 56.25 x10° N From Statics Pro = ea (Q- Ped= 52.5xlo% Nn Soo = Bye SRSHIC 2 298.3 xiof > 289 MPa me From elastic ancy sis of AD © = ee = 751. 290007* mad Ser 1.760 = 1.322 Klos m = BRL mm ~« fl |2.21 The rigid bar ABCis supported by two links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5*6- PROBLEM 2.123 py rectangular eross section and made of a mild steel that is assumed to be clastoplasic with £= 200 GPa and oy = 250 MPa. ‘The magnitude ofthe force Q applied at B is gradually increased from zero to 260 KN. Knowing that a = 0.640 m, 10- - 524.82 «1o* IC. 71 X(O* = 0.0967 mn — (be) Sap * Sa- SePROBLEM 2.124 28 hips 25 ips 2.124 The aluminum rod ABC E = 10.1 10psi), which consists of two cylindrical Portions 4B and BC, isto be replaced witha cylindrical steel rod DE (E = 29 » 10" ai) ofthe same overall length. Determine the minimum required diameter dof the see rod if ts vertical deformation isnot o exceed the deformation of the aluminum rod unde the same load and ifthe allowable stess in the steel rod isnot o exceed 24 ksi. SOLUTION Deformation oF aluminum vad = Phe Plo Las , Lee Se Ree” Rae -E(S ion is Gis) = 28x17 (12. 18 ee ' giet (12 + git) = couse Steed vod S = 0.031376 in = PL . (gz«10*)(20) i sah A= ES * Q7wi0*yo.03g7%) ~ 272317 im * PL 28 ita! OB & > Saeiot = 11667 in Required area is te Pavger value A= 11667 in a= fh . [Ole -SS.6 MPa ‘n, With one cover screwed on tight, a solid brass rod (E = 105 tao damekr upd he the scm correo, Since thal sigh Inger than he vaste a ever ST] cei el eee a a ee con iy 7 ise."Beemine (the merge noma sess nh ue sd tee te = WW) Spobe = (8. BBIS IK 27.B0BHIS) = 242.5%10%m = 0.24 mn Spat = ~C4,B505 & 17 )(27, 808 K IO™ ) =~ 18. Sx1O° m=-O.1325 mn2.125 A.250-mm-long aluminum tube (E = 70 GPa) of 36-mm outer diameter and 28- PROBLEM 2.126 tum inner diameter may be closed a both ends by means of single tread exewon covers of .5-mm pitch. With one cover screved on tight a slid bre tod (E10 eae (GPs) of 25-mm diameters placed inside the tube and the second cover is crewed on Since the rod i slighty longer than the tube, its observed thatthe cover must be forced agains the rod by roiatng it one-quarter of a tum before it canbe tightly closed, Determine (a the average aormal sess inthe tbe and inthe rou, yt deformations ofthe tube and of te od. 25 hm LP ssomn———] 212610 P00. 2125, tein the average normal stein the tbe and the rod, sscuming atthe emperitire was 15" Cente mls were sgl ited ond nate final temperature is $$° C. (For aluminum, «= 23.6 « 10°C; for brass, a = 20.9 x soLuTIoN ro'rey Aine = % (AS -aA?) > E(36*- 28°) = 402.12 man = 402.12 ¥]0" mt Ret = Bolt = E(asy = 490.87 met = 490.82010 AT ® 55-15 » 4ore PL = P (0.250) State ® Erna? LOhu (AT) = Goxio* Gor. 8,8BIS ~Jo"" P + 236 %107¢ + ©,260(23.6 15° )(4o) _ PL --__P (0.280) 2seVia0.9 165" )C40) Sve Ea, + LailAr) Goswior tao aa) * 2800.4 16" )C ~4.8505 «10 P+ 2oqv lot Se Ftv LS mm = O.87F mm = BIS HIO™ m Stove = Sut + Sf B. BBIS x10" P + 236 IS = - 4.8605%18"P 4 207 r1S* 4 375 nJO™* < 13,.732%10"° P= 34¢xlo" P= 25.342 ION = LB. 25.342 x107 Site Bite YOR 10% =p BU 5 28320 6 Biaaeate Shot Rea Ga sT Soe = TSI IO” Pa 3.6 MPa. =< = 63.0 10° fF = 63.0 MPa —_ ~~fees eee PROBLEM 2.127 ¥= 0.38, Knowing that ¢,=~ 5,20 gr0 e+ (6) - ve = 0 ©) 6y + ¥Ox = (0.85 K-20 x 10%) - -?¥IO pst = -Tksi me (Yee = BOG Ge - LCG) = 42 0 x Pal a 3 HT ¥1o® = 14838 «Jo -¢ = rRemie® - (0.35 X-7 410%) &,> £(6,-v6,) = fees. = - 2,7 xjo? Ag BA = Lyi ey Cee = byl Cl4ee + Oe + Gey) Bt Ase Lele AA= Lyla Ce. +f, + BEL) = C0 M10) (1.459384 10°= 2.715 + small tem) F498 IO int = = 0.00498 int = ©) Shee Ly is constant AV = Ly (AA )= (1.375-)(- 498e10°) = ~6.85¢10 i? = 0.00685 int ew2.128 The uniform rods AB and BC are made of steel and are loaded as shown. PROBLEM 2.128 Knowing that £ = 29 x 10° psi, determine the magnitude and direction of the : oR — SOLUTION Tt nota Por 7 Peas 6 = (25:1 cos 22" = 23.18 210% Mb, s = Fel = (231BKIOS YS) _ ' Soe ee * Gana® Wop 0: C449 in LONK B Page Pain @ =(28*10" sin QQ = 9.365018 Dh o.00075 Pag lua _ (9.365 x10* (as) : Br Se She = eRe * Gaara IA) ~ 0-0 0673 in 00673 ° ten 9 Biowuag 7 ONT | Pt BSIT any $s =f 0, 04496 *+ 0.00678* = 0.0455 in, -_ 2.129 Knowing that = 29 » 10" ps, determine (a) the value of for which the ae deflesion of point Bis down and to the leftalonga line forming an angle of 36° with one the horizontal, (8) the corresponding magnitude ofthe deflection of . iB SOLUTION 25s i. See = 8 cos 36° p, = EAscSn . 22410 )(0.8) $ cos 36° fe Cee 4S = 417.04xJ0* § 417,09 1? S Sra? S sin 36° Pe 2 EA See (Qa*10°)U.2)$ sin 36° bed Tae a5 ne W BIB, 20x10" S tan > 282017 § 2 gers 63.0 17.04% (07 5 P= 25x10> ={Gi7049 «lo S)* +818, MOS) = 48.3810 S $= 25x10 413.28 x10" BrB.20x1o S = 0,0272 ine om2.130 The uniform wire ABC, of unstretched length 2, is attached to the supports ee shown end a vertical load P is applied atthe midpoint 8. Denoting by 4 the eross- sectional area of the wire and by E the modulus of elasticity, show that, for B<< 1, he Fo =| —I1—} ‘deflection at the midpoint 2 is s Ne 6 SOLUTION Pra a Use approximation sin @ @ tm O # i Pp Steties ZF +o 2Pre sin - P= Coe. P. Pox gine * Fe Seip guininip ys Elongation Sua = Rab . BL Deflection From the wight triangle (P+ Se = P+ St Sy Si = A+ 20S + Sac 22 Brg (14 St) 20 Spe 3 ” ARS eae 1 Ae * 8" 2 VRE taal ey " st RPROBLEM 2.131 2.131 The steel bars BE and AD each have a 6%18-mam cross section. Knowing that E200 GPs, determine the deflections of points 4, B, and C of the rigid bar ABC, SOLUTION Dse vigid bar ABC os a Free body i. D=SMe=O (1S) Pye ~(S009(3.2) = © Pao = 12.8 ku . To - Par +824 PR, zo ~ Poe = 16 kN u Del ormations As (6XIB) © 108 me = 108 x10 wo Prolse . (U2.8x10? Y4o0xlo*) ! ~ &* Si" ERY = Goon lopme) = 237.04 x10%m © 0.237 mmo -_ mi ul a & Sot Sep = Faelse = (16 x10*)(Yoo x10) Paden eA Caeo IP (108 * JO") ( Se = 296.30%/0"%m = 0.296 mm ee 5 Q= Sa+Se _ (237.04. + 296.20 10%) ui be 75 *1o-$ | | = Wile xjo* Se $= Sat Lec & = 296.30 «10 (300 x10 Y(7. 112x107) = 24297 x10 m= 23 mm =2.191 The tel bars Band AD each have «61-1 cos section, Knowing at PROBLEM 2332 £2200 GP, determine the deleotons of ois rand C of seb tbe 52 ky 2132 In Prob, 2.131, the 3.2-4N force caused point Cto deflect tothe right. Using ‘11.7 « 107°C, determine the (a) the overall change in temperature that causes point Cito rotur it original position, () te comesponding iota deflection of points an soLuTion Dse rigid ABC as a free body DEMg=o ws Po~ Go0Y(3.2) = Oo Pro = 12:8 kN HERO Pee t B24 Po zo Pez = I6 kN Deformations: 0.375 © “Ge gusts. 28 5.5 1.25 5 = (287.04 410+ 4.68 1S CAT) =(1.25 [296.30 m15* + 4.68 SUT) ] -10.S340°lar) = [Link] 10°... AT =-57.684 0 -57.7°C oe Sa = 237.04 107° = (4.68 15° 057.684.) = -82.92 KIO m Sp = 0.0821 mm — -_ Set 296.30r/0° = (4.6815. E2684) = 4 26.34% 107° m Sq * O-0263 mm —> =PROBLEM 2.133 SOLUTION Ab He Rilete | re De NZSwm Be a fe ro 2.133 A hole isto be drilled inthe plate at. The diameters of the bits available to rill the hole range from 9 to 27mm ind-mm increments. (2) Determine the diameter dof the largest bit that ean be used ifthe allowable toad atthe hole is not to exceed ‘that a the fillets (6) If the allowable stress in the plate is 145 MPs, what is the corresponding allowable load P? 128m Finn AE TS eam 25 1S Gees From Fig 2646 KK = 210 Race = (IS YURV © 900 mm* 2 900 ene = FOKIO wn Snax = KE = Cy At the holes Aw = (D- 2r)t, $= ste where Ds HZ K ic taken From Same > KEL = Hoke adian| | a Pap = Aa Gu Goo «10° Vs 108) = EQlelo® NF 6UIKN r men R= vadius of civete Lemme Fig 2.640 S Cys Pay = Ant Sate =D-%| vv K | Ane Pa mm | 4S mma] 103,Smm | 0.0485 2.87) 1292K15° we | G2.7¥IO7 N 15 mm | [Link]] [Link] | 0.077 | 2.25] Mond nm | GTI N Zi mm |[Link]] ASmm |O.S | 2.67 [10% m* | 54.6 wid? N Qimm | 13S mm] BSS mm | [Link] | 2.57 | 102GeId m™ | S79 «ION hargest hele wot Alouable fora \ Par > GRKU ig the Tan diameter hw: Puy = 62 KN =<[onal La @ O 2.134 (a) For P= 58 KN and d= 12 mm, determine the maximum stress in the plate PROBLEM 2.134 shown. (6) Solve part a, assuming thatthe hole at A isnot drilled, SOLUTION Maximum stress at hade Use Fig. 2.640 For vedues of K 6 c = - a tees 0.0597 , K= 2.80 Ryat = UAKURS= IRV 1206 mm = 1ROE #10 ® eee = so senio) _ ae Sur 7 KR 1206 10° fee oats Maximum stress at FiDets Use Fig. 2.64 b £2.25 Dy. 12.5 gt 70k, 2 A 7S F 1.80, Kr 2.10 min 7 URMIED + 900 met = FOO HID" m™ Sue KE = Blokssxto’) 2) 35. 390' Pe Brin Joo ¥ 10°" (Q) With bode and Fillets Smug = 134.7 MPa —= (b) Without hose Come = 135.3 MPa =2.135 The steel tensile specimen ABCD (E = 29 » 106 psi and «, ~ 50 ksi) is loaded in tension until the maximum tensile strain is € = 0.0025. (a) Neglecting the effect ofthe fillets on the change in length of the specimen, determine the resulting overall Tength AD ofthe specimen after the load is removed. (b) Following the removal of the load in par (2), a compressive load is applied until the maximum compressive ‘strain i € = 0.0020. Determine the resulting overall length 4D after the load is PROBLEM 2.135, removed. SOLUTION ~ & _ Sono _ @ = = Hee = 0.001724 Emax = 0.0025 > Ey Yielding oceurs im portion BC GSee= By = SOx10* psi Permanent strain in BC Ene = Emm Ey = 0.0025 - 0.001724 = 0.000776 See = bec Ee © (HY0,000776) = 0.00310 in. = In reversed Posing, Cet g =), 0, = (Ty )e Pm= AT, + ALT, PERMANENT DEFORNATIONS , RESIDUAL STRESSES SLOPE OF Fiest (ELASTIC) SEGMENT SLOPE = (A)E, + Ax Ee )/b Sp= 5m —(Pm/ store ) (oes = G — (Es Pm/ (a su0Pe)) (Teg? G7 (Pm [(L store )) PF iF Cy 0 ‘CONTINUEDPROBLEM 2.C4 CONTINUED PROGRAM _QUTPU Problem 2.11 000 16.387 32.775 49.162 65.550 81.938 98.325 314.723, 132/100, 1471487 1631875 180.262 136.650 213.037 228.425 245.812 262.200 278.887 294.975 3111362 327.750 3441137 360.525 376.912 393.300 08 By ks +000 60.375 120:750, 3e1!125 241.500 301.875 362.280 4221625 483.000 543.375 603.750 664.125 724.300 784.875 845,250 890.312 920.800 950.687 980.875 1011062, 1041-250 1041250, 1043-280 1043250 1041-250 STGM(1) Mea 900 171250 341500 51.750 69.000 86.250 103.500 120.750 138.000 155.250 172.500 189.750 207 224. 241.500 250.000 250.000 250.000 280.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 280.000 250.000 250.000 Problems 2.111 and 2.112 by io*e-3 in. 000 [Link] 41828 Tear 91655 121069 aalass 161897 13.310 aurea 241138 26.552 28.966 31.379 33.793 36.207 38.621 41.034 43.448 43.862 48.276 50.690 53.103 55.517 57.931, PM kips -000 8.750 17500 26.250 35.000 43.750 52.500 61.250 70.000 78.750 87.500 91.250 95.000 98.750 102.500 106.250 110.000 113.750 117.500 121.250 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000 SIGH (1) kes -000 51000 10:00 15,000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40:00 Stem (2 Mea +000 17.250 34.500 51.750 89.000 86.250 103.500 420.750 138.000 155.250, 472.500 189.750, 207.000 2241250 241.500 258.750 276.000 293.250 310.500 327.750 345.000 345.000 345.000 345.000 345.000 stom (2) ksi 2000 51000 10000, 15.000 20.000 28.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 35.000 60.000 65.000 70.000 75,000 80.000 85.000 90.000 95.000 100.000 100.000 100,000, 100000 100.000 ve yum +000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 1000 ‘000 1000 1000 £000 1000 41156 12.350 20.544 28.737 36.931 451125 61.512, 772300 94:287 210.675 ve 1o**=3 in. 000 ‘000 ‘00 ooo Tooo ‘000 ooo ‘000 To00 ‘000 ‘000 11379 2759 4.138 5.517 6.897 8.276 9.655 1.034 azlaia 331793 16.207 18.621, 211034 2alaae SIGR(1) SIGR(1) k Pa 000 ‘000 a -000 lon0 Too ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 To00 Too ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 -4 n101 “12 -15) a7) vig) fa -21) -21. -21! m21) n43 236 1429, 187 714 857 000 143 296 429 429 429 429 429 816 (2) Mea. +000 ‘000 S000 S000 ‘000 S000 S000 +000 ‘000 Tooa 000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘ooo ooo 4.375 13:00 21.625, 301250 38.875 47500 47.500 47.500 47.500 47,500 816 (2) ksi -000 ooo ‘000 000 ‘000 to00 000 ‘000 000 ‘000 1000 21857 5l714 a.s7i 111428 14.286 17/143 20.000 221057 25.714 28.571 20.571 20.571 23.571 [Link]PROBLEM 2.C5 2.05 The stress concentration factor for 2 Mlat bar with a centric hole under axial loading can be expressed as’ xe 109 31(2) = 3042) —19(2) Sales of + Ds the thickness of the bat. and the allowable stress oy oF the material. (b) Use this program 10 solve Prob. 2.95, SOLUTION ENTER r,t, 9, COMPUTE K Rv = 2.0 0/D K = 3.00 -3.19 RD + 3.66 RD'~1.53 RD’ COMPUTE AVERAGE STRESS Faye = Tou/K ALLOWABLE LOAD P= Saye (D- 2.07) t ou PROGRAM QUTPUT Problem 2.94 Hole at A: Ke 2.573) p= 1.773 Kips Hole at B: K= 2.159 5.559 KipsTe] oO ceed ieee. Oo ez fase RE ened Cede eee ene) Coen Deed rece see) = GHEE oO eae 2.06 A solid truncated cone is subjected 10 an axial force P as shown. Write a computer program that can be used to obtain an approxima tion ofthe elongation ofthe cone by replacing it by circular cylinders of cava thickness and of radius equal to the mean rads ofthe portion of cone they replace. Knowing that the exact value ofthe elongation of the cone is (PLy/2 228) and using for P. Le. and E values of your choice, determine the percentage error involved when the program is axed with () = 6,0) = 12.(0)n = 60, SOLUTION =1TO nt = (t +05) (L/n) r= 2e-c(bi/t) BREA: Ast; DISPLACEMENT : Ge oe PUL[n)/ ine) EXACT DISPLACEMENT: Cea = PL/(2.0me Ee) PERCENTAGE ERROR: PERCENT = 100( §~ Sesner)/ Geaner PROGRAM OUTPUT a Approximate Exact Percent. 6 0.15852 0.15915 40083 12 0115899 0115915 110100 60 0.15915 9715915 - 00405