Cantidades termodinámicas

tu
u
de sustancias seleccionadas
a 298.15 K (25 °C)
■ui
Cu
C

AH°f AG J S° ah; AG J S°
Sustancia (kj/m ol) (kj/ m ol) (J/m ol-K) Sustanda (kj/ m ol) (kj/ m ol) (J/m ol-K )

Aluminio Carbono
Al(s) 0 0 28.32 c (g) 718.4 672.9 158.0
A1C13(s) -7 0 5 .6 -6 3 0 .0 109.3 C (s, diamante) 1.88 2.84 2.43
AI2Chis) -1 6 6 9 .8 -1 5 7 6 .5 51.00 C(s, grafito) 0 0 5.69

Azufre c e k (g ) -1 0 6 .7 -6 4 .0 309.4

S(s, rómbico) 0 0 31.88 C C k(l) -1 3 9 3 - 68.6 214.4

102.3 49.7 430.9 C F 4(g) -6 7 9 .9 -635.1 262.3
Ss(g)
-2 9 6 .9 -3 0 0 .4 248.5 CH» (g) —74.8 -5 0 .8 186.3
SÜ2(g)
S036) -3 9 5 .2 -3 7 0 .4 256.2 C 2H 2(g) 226.77 209.2 200.8
SO42_(flc) -9 0 9 .3 -7 4 4 .5 20.1 C 2H 4{g) 52.30 68.11 219.4
SOCl2(/) -2 4 5 .6 — — C í H<&) -8 4 .6 8 -3 2 .8 9 229.5
H2S(£) -2 0 .1 7 -3 3 .0 1 205.6 C 3H 8(g) -1 0 3 .8 5 -2 3 .4 7 269.9
H2S 0 4(«c) -9 0 9 .3 -7 4 4 .5 20.1 C 4H Mfe) -1 2 4 .7 3 -15.71 310.0
h 2s o 4(/) -8 1 4 .0 -6 8 9 .9 156.1 c 4h 10(0 -1 4 7 .6 -1 5 .0 231.0
CéH 6(g) 82.9 129.7 269.2
Bario
C ^ O 49.0 124.5 172.8
Ba(s) 0 0 63.2
CH3OH (g) - 201.2 -1 6 1 .9 237.6
BaCO^s) -1 2 1 6 .3 -1137.6 1 1 2 .1
CH3OH (/) -2 3 8 .6 -166.23 126.8
BaO(s) -5 5 3 .5 -5 2 5 .1 70.42
C 2HsOH (g) -2 3 5 .1 -1 6 8 .5 282.7
Berilio C 2HsOH(/) -2 7 7 .7 -174.76 160.7
Be(s) 0 0 9.44 C ¿ í n 0 6(s) -1273.02 -9 1 0 .4 2 12 .1
BeO(s) -6 0 8 .4 -5 7 9 .1 13.77 CO (g) -11 0.5 -1 3 7 .2 197.9
Be(OH)2(s) -9 0 5 .8 -8 1 7 .9 50.21 C 0 2 (g) -3 9 3 .5 -3 9 4 .4 213.6
CH3COOH(/) -4 8 7 .0 -3 9 2 .4 159.8
Bromo
Br(g) 111.8 82.38 174.9 Cesio
Br~(ac) -1 2 0 .9 - 102.8 80.71 C s (g) 76.50 49.53 175.6
Br2(g) 30.71 3.14 245.3 Cs(D 2.09 0.03 92.07

Br2(0 0 0 152.3 Cs(s) 0 0 85.15

HBr(g) -3 6 .2 3 -5 3 .2 2 198.49 CsCl(s) -4 4 2 .8 -4 1 4 .4 10 1.2

Caldo Cloro
Ca(g) 179.3 145.5 154.8 c i (g) 121.7 105.7 165.2
Ca(s) 0 0 41.4 cr(oc) -1 6 7 .2 -1 3 1 .2 56.5

CaCC^s, calata) -1207.1 -1 1 28.76 92.88 c i2(g) 0 0 222.96

-7 9 5 .8 -7 4 8 .1 104.6 HCl (fle) -1 6 7 .2 -1 3 1 .2 56.5
CaCl2(s)
-1 2 1 9 .6 -1 1 6 7 .3 68.87 HCl(g) -9 2 .3 0 -9 5 .2 7 186.69
CaF2(s)
CaO(s) -6 3 5 .5 -6 0 4 .1 7 39.75 Cobalto
Ca(OH)2(s) -9 8 6 .2 -8 9 8 .5 83.4 Co(g) 439 393 179
CaSO 4(s) -1 4 3 4 .0 -1 3 2 1 .8 106.7 Co(s) 0 0 28.4

1112
 A P É N D IC E C C a n tid a d e s te rm o d in á m ica s de s u sta n cias sele c c io n a d a s a 29 8.15 K (25 °C ) 1113

AH j A GJ S° AH°f AG j S°
Sustancia (kj/mol) (kj/mol) (J/mol-K) Sustancia (kj/mol) (kj/mol) (J/mo

Cobre FeCl3(s) -4 0 0 -3 3 4 142.3

Cu (g) 338.4 298.6 166.3 FeO(s) -2 7 1 .9 -2 5 5 .2 60.75
Cu(s) 0 0 33.30 F e^ s) -8 2 2 .1 6 -7 4 0 .9 8 89.96
CuCl2(s) -2 0 5 .9 -1 6 1 .7 108.1 Fe30 4(s) -1117.1 -1 0 1 4 .2 146.4
CuO(s) -1 5 6 .1 -1 2 8 .3 42.59 FeS2(s) -1 7 1 .5 -1 6 0 .1 52.92
CU2 0 (S) -1 7 0 .7 -1 4 7 .9 92.36
litio
Cromo Li(g) 159.3 126.6 138.8
Cr(g) 397.5 352.6 174.2 Li(s) 0 0 29.09
Cr(s) 0 0 23.6 L iV ) -2 7 8 .5 -2 7 3 .4 12.2
Cr20 3(s) -1 1 3 9 .7 -1058.1 81.2 L i+(g) 685.7 648.5 133.0
LiCl(s) -4 0 8 .3 -3 8 4 .0 59.30
Escandio
Se (g) 377.8 336.1 174.7 Magnesio
Sc(s) 0 0 34.6 Mg (g) 147.1 112.5 148.6
Mg(s) 0 0 32.51
Estroncio
MgCl2(s) -6 4 1 .6 -5 9 2 .1 89.6
SrO(s) -5 9 2 .0 561.9 54.9
MgO(s) -6 0 1 .8 -5 6 9 .6 26.8
Sr(g) 164.4 110.0 164.6
Mg(OH)2(s) -9 2 4 .7 -8 3 3 .7 63.24
Flúor
Manganeso
F(g) 80.0 61.9 158.7
M n (g) 280.7 238.5 173.6
F”((zc) -3 3 2 .6 -2 7 8 .8 -1 3 .8
Mn(s) 0 0 32.0
F2(g) 0 0 202.7
MnO(s) -3 8 5 .2 -3 6 2 .9 59.7
HF(g) -268.61 -2 7 0 .7 0 173.51
M nO jís) -5 1 9 .6 -4 6 4 .8 53.14
Fósforo M n 0 4“(ac) -5 4 1 .4 -4 4 7 .2 191.2
P(g) 316.4 280.0 163.2
Mercurio
P2(g) 144.3 103.7 218.1
Hg (g) 60.83 31.76 174.89
P4(g) 58.9 24.4 280
H g(0 0 0 77.40
P4(s, rojo) -1 7 .4 6 -1 2 .0 3 22.85
HgCl2(s) -2 3 0 .1 -1 8 4 .0 144.5
P4(s, blanco) 0 0 41.08
Hg2Cl2(s) -2 6 4 .9 -2 1 0 .5 192.5
PCI3(g) -2 8 8 .0 7 -2 6 9 .6 311.7
PCl3(¡) -3 1 9 .6 -2 7 2 .4 217 Níquel
PF5(g) -1 5 9 4 .4 -1 5 2 0 .7 300.8 Ni (g) 429.7 384.5 182.1
PH 3(g) 5.4 13.4 210.2 Ni(s) 0 0 29.9
P 40 6(s) -1640.1 — — NiCl2(s) -3 0 5 .3 -2 5 9 .0 97.65
P4O10(s) -2940.1 -2 6 7 5 .2 228.9 NiO(s) -2 3 9 .7 -2 1 1 .7 37.99
POCl3(g) -5 4 2 .2 -5 0 2 .5 325
Nitrógeno
p o c i 3(o -5 9 7 .0 -5 2 0 .9 222
N (g) 472.7 455.5 153.3
H3P 0 4(ac) -1 2 8 8 .3 -1142.6 158.2
N2(g) 0 0 191.50
Hidrógeno NH3(ac) -8 0 .2 9 -2 6 .5 0 111.3
H(g) 217.94 203.26 114.60 NH 3(g) -4 6 .1 9 -1 6 .6 6 192.5
h V ) 0 0 0 NH 4+(ac) -1 3 2 .5 -7 9 .3 1 113.4
H +(g) 1536.2 1517.0 108.9 N2H 4(g) 95.40 159.4 238.5
H 2(g) 0 0 130.58 NH4CN(s) 0.0 — —

NH4C1(s) -3 1 4 .4 -2 0 3 .0 94.6
Hierro
415.5 369.8 180.5 NH4N0 3 (s) -3 6 5 .6 -1 8 4 .0 151
Fe(g)
Fe(s) 0 0 27.15 NO (g) 90.37 86.71 210.62
-8 7 .8 6 -8 4 .9 3 113.4 N O j (g) 33.84 51.84 240.45
Fe2+(oc)
-4 7 .6 9 -1 0 .5 4 293.3 N2 0 (g) 81.6 103.59 220.0
Fe3+(oc)
FeCl2(s) -3 4 1 .8 -3 0 2 .3 117.9 N20 4(g) 9.66 98.28 304.3
1114 A P É N D IC E C C a n tid a d e s te rm o d in á m ica s d e s u s ta n c ia s sele ccio n a d a s a 2 98.15 K (25 °C)

AHJ AG J S° ah; a g; S°
Sustancia (kj/mol) (kj/mol) (J/mol-K) Sustancia (kj/mol) (kj/mol) (J/mol-K)

Nitrógeno (cont.) Selenio

NOCI (g) 52.6 66.3 264 H2Se(g) 29.7 15.9 219.0
HNO 3(ac) -2 0 6 .6 -1 1 0 .5 146
n
HNO 3(g) -1 3 4 .3 -7 3 .9 4 266.4
Si (g) 368.2 323.9 167.8
Oxígeno Si (s) 0 0 18.7
O (g) 247.5 230.1 161.0 SiC(s) -7 3 .2 2 -7 0 .8 5 16.61
O 2(g) 0 0 205.0 Sici4(0 -6 4 0 .1 -5 7 2 .8 239.3
o 3(g) 142.3 163.4 237.6 SiO ^s, cuarzo) -9 1 0 .9 -8 5 6 .5 41.84
OH-(oc) -2 3 0 .0 -1 5 7 .3 -1 0 .7
Sodio
H20(g ) -2 4 1 .8 2 -2 2 8 .5 7 188.83 107.7 77.3 153.7
N a(g)
H20 ( í ) -2 8 5 .8 3 -2 3 7 .1 3 69.91 Na (s) 0 0 51.45
H A ® -1 3 6 .1 0 -1 0 5 .4 8 232.9 Na+(í?c) -2 4 0 .1 -2 6 1 .9 59.0
H202(g) -1 8 7 .8 -1 2 0 .4 109.6 Na+(g) 609.3 574.3 148.0

Plata NaBr (ac) -3 6 0 .6 -3 6 4 .7 141.00

NaBr(s) -3 6 1 .4 -3 4 9 .3 86.82
Ag(s) 0 0 42.55
Na2C0 3 (s) -1130.9 -1 0 4 7 .7 136.0
Ag+(«c) 105.90 77.11 73.93
NaCl(flc) -4 0 7 .1 -3 9 3 .0 115.5
AgCl(s) -1 2 7 .0 -1 0 9 .7 0 96.11
NaCl(g) -1 8 1 .4 -2 0 1 .3 229.8
AgjO ís) -3 1 .0 5 -1 1 .2 0 121.3
NaCl(s) -4 1 0 .9 -3 8 4 .0 72.33
AgNOsís) -1 2 4 .4 -3 3 .4 1 140.9
N a H C 0 3(s) -9 4 7 .7 -8 5 1 .8 102.1
Plomo N a N 0 3(flc) -4 4 6 .2 -3 7 2 .4 207
Pb(s) 0 0 68.85 N a N 0 3(s) -4 6 7 .9 -3 6 7 .0 116.5
PbBr2(s) -2 7 7 .4 -2 6 0 .7 161 NaOH(flc) -4 6 9 .6 -4 1 9 .2 49.8
PbCOj(s) -6 9 9 .1 -6 2 5 .5 131.0 NaOH(s) -4 2 5 .6 -3 7 9 .5 64.46
Pb(N0 3 )2(«c) -4 2 1 .3 -2 4 6 .9 303.3 Na2OH4(s) -1387.1 -1 2 7 0 .2 149.6
Pb(N0 3 )2(s) -4 5 1 .9 — —
Titanio
PbO(s) -2 1 7 .3 -1 8 7 .9 68.70 468 422 180.3
Ti(g)
Potasio Ti(s) 0 0 30.76
89.99 61.17 160.2 T iC k(g) -7 6 3 .2 -7 2 6 .8 354.9
K(g)
K(s) 0 0 64.67 riCi4(/) -8 0 4 .2 -728.1 221.9
KCl(s) -4 3 5 .9 -4 0 8 .3 82.7 Tl0 2 (s) -9 4 4 .7 -8 8 9 .4 50.29

KClOsís) -3 9 1 .2 -2 8 9 .9 143.0 Vanadio

KClO^flC) -3 4 9 .5 -2 8 4 .9 265.7 V(g) 514.2 453.1 182.2
K 2C 03(s) -1150.18 -1 0 64.58 155.44 V(s) 0 0 28.9
KNO^s) -4 9 2 .7 0 -3 9 3 .1 3 132.9
Yodo
K20(S) -3 6 3 .2 -3 2 2 .1 94.14
%) 106.60 70.16 180.66
KOjís) -2 8 4 .5 -2 4 0 .6 122.5
n « :) -5 5 .1 9 -5 1 .5 7 111.3
K 202(s) -4 9 5 .8 -4 2 9 .8 113.0
h (g ) 62.25 19.37 260.57
KOH(s) -4 2 4 .7 -3 7 8 .9 78.91
I2(s) 0 0 116.73
KOH(flc) -4 8 2 .4 -4 4 0 .5 91.6
HI(g) 25.94 1.30 206.3
Rubidio Zinc
Rb(g) 85.8 55.8 170.0 Z n (g) 130.7 95.2 160.9
Rb(s) 0 0 76.78 Zn(s) 0 0 41.63
RbCl(s) -4 3 0 .5 -4 1 2 .0 92 ZnCl2(s) -4 1 5 .1 -3 6 9 .4 111.5
RbC103(s) -3 9 2 .4 -2 9 2 .0 152 ZnO(s) -3 4 8 .0 -3 1 8 .2 43.9
U
Constantes de equilibrio
en disoluciones acuosas
•«
CU
<

TABLA D-1 ■ Constantes de disociación de ácidos a 25 °C

Nombre Fórmula *02 K b

Acético CH3COOH (0 HC2H302) 1.8 X IO-5

Arsénico H3A s 0 4 5.6 X 10" 3 1.0 X 10" 7 3.0 X 10" 12
Arsenoso H3ASO3 5.1 X IO-10
Ascòrbico H 2C J W 6 8.0 X 10" 5 1.6 X 10" 12
Benzoico Q H 5COOH (0 HC7H502) 6.3 X 10" 5
Bórico H3B0 3 5.8 X IO" 10
Butanoico C3H7COOH (0 H C 4HyO^ 1.5 X 10-5
Carbónico H2C 03 4 3 X 10" 7 5.6 X 10" 11
Cianhídrico HCN 4 9 X 10" 10
Ciánico HCNO 3.5 X 10" 4
Cítrico HOOCC(OH)(CH2COOH)2 (0 H3C6H507) 7.4 X 10" 4 1.7 X 10" 5 4 0 X 10-7
Cloroacético CH2ClCOOH (0 HC2H202C1) 1.4 X 10" 3
Cloroso h c io 2 1.1 X 10" 2
Fenol C6H5OH (0 H Q H sO ) 1.3 X IO-10
Fluorhídrico HF 6.8 X 10-4
Fórmico HCOOH (0 H C H 0 2) 1.8 X 10-4
Fosfórico H3PO4 7.5 X 10" 3 6.2 X 10" 8 4 2 X 10" 13
Hidrazoico hn3 1.9 X 10" 5
Hidrogenocromato, ion H C r0 4" 3.0 X 10" 7
Hidrogenoseleniato, ion H S e 0 4~ 2 2 X 10-2
Hipobromoso HBrO 2.5 X 10” 9
Hipocloroso HCIO 3.0 X 10" 8
Hipoyodoso HIO 2 3 X 10" 11
Láctico CH3CH(OH)COOH (0 HC3H5O3) 1.4 X 10" 4
Malónico CH2(COOH)2 (0 H2C3H204) 1.5 X 10-3 2.0 X 10" 6
Nitroso HN O 2 4 5 X 10" 4
Oxálico (C O O H k (0 H2C2Q4) 5.9 X 10" 2 6.4 X 10" 5
Paraperyódico h 5i o 6 2 8 X 10" 2 5.3 X 10-9
Peróxido de hidrógeno H202 2 4 X 10" 12
Piro fosfórico H4P20 7 3.0 X 10" 2 4.4 X 10" 3 2 1 X 10" 7
Propiónico Q H 5COOH (0 HC3HSQ2) 1.3 X 10" 5
Selenioso H2Se0 3 2 3 X 10" 3 5.3 X 10-9
Sulfhídrico H2S 9.5 X 10" 8 1 X 10" 19
Sulfúrico h 2s o 4 Áddo fuerte 1.2 X 10" 2
Sulfuroso H2S03 1.7 X 10" 2 6.4 X 10” 8
Tartárico HOOC(CHOH)2CC)OH (0 H2C4H 406) 1.0 X 10" 3 4.6 X 10" 5
Yódico h i c >3 1.7 X 10" 1

1115
1116 A P É N D IC E D C o n s ta n te s de e q u ilib rio e n d iso lu cio n es a c u o s a s

I TABLA D-2 ■ Constantes de disociadón de bases a 25 °C I

Nombre Fórmula Kb

Amoniaco nh3 1.8 X IO“5

Anilina Q jH sNH j 4.3 X IO"10
Dimetilamina (C H & N H 5.4 X IO-4
Etilamina C2H5NH2 6.4 X IO-4
Hidradna H2NNH2 1.3 X 10"*
Hidroxilamina honh2 1.1 X 10“*
Meti lamina CH3NH2 4.4 X IO“4
Piridina C5H5N 1.7 X IO-9
Trimetilamina (CHsbN 6.4 X IO"5

TABLA D-3 ■ Constantes del producto de solubilidad de com puestos a 25 °C

Nombre Fórmula K ps N om bre Fórmula

Bromato de plata A g B r0 3 5.5 X IO" 5 Hidróxido de calcio Ca(OH)2 6.5 X IO-6

Bromuro de cobre(I) CuBr 5.3 X IO“ 9 Hidróxido de cobalto(U) Co(OH)2 1.3 X IO“ 15

Bromuro de plata AgBr 5.0 X IO“ 13 Hidróxido de cobre(H) Cu(OH)2 4.8 X IO“20

Carbonato de bario BaCOs 5.0 X IO“ 9 Hidróxido de cromo(III) Cr(OH)3 1.6 X IO“30

Carbonato de cadmio CdCOs 1.8 X IO“ 14 Hidróxido de hierro(ü) Fe(OH)2 7.9 X IO“ 16

Carbonato de calcio (calcita) CaCOj 4 5 X IO“ 9 Hidróxido de magnesio M g(OH )2 1.8 X 10“ 11

Carbonato de cobalto(U) C0CO3 1.0 X IO“ 10 Hidróxido de manganeso(II) Mn(OH)2 1.6 X 10" 13

Carbonato de cobre(II) CuCOs 2 3 X IO“ 10 Hidróxido de níquel(ü) Ni(OH)2 6.0 X 10“ 16

Carbonato de estroncio SrCOs 9.3 X IO“ 10 Hidróxido de zinc Zn(OH)2 3.0 X IO“ 16

Carbonato de hierro(II) FeCOs Z I X IO“ 11 Oxalato de bario BaC20 4 1.6 X IO"6

Carbonato de magnesio M gC 03 3.5 X IO“ 8 Oxalato de magnesio MgC20 4 8.6 X IO“5

Carbonato de manganeso(H) M nC 03 5.0 X IO“ 10 Oxalato de zinc ZnC20 4 2.7 X IO“8

Carbonato de níquel(II) NÌCO3 1.3 X IO“ 7 Sulfato de bario B aS04 1.1 X IO“ 10

Carbonato de plata Ag2C 0 3 8.1 X IO“ 12 Sulfato de calcio CaS04 2.4 X IO"5

Carbonato de plomo(U) P bC O j 7.4 X IO“ 14 Sulfato de plata Ag2S 0 4 1.5 X IO“5

Carbonato de zinc ZnC03 1.0 X IO“ 10 Sulfato de plomo(II) P bS04 6.3 X IO“7

Cloruro de mercurio(I) Hg2Cl2 1.2 X IO“ 18 Sulfuro de cadmio* CdS 8 X IO“ 28

Cloruro de plata AgCl 1.8 X IO“ 10 Sulfuro de cobalto(II)* CoS 5 X IO“ 22

Cloruro de plomo(II) PbCl2 1.7 X IO“ 5 Sulfuro de cobre(II)* CuS 6 X IO“ 37

Cromato de bario BaCr0 4 Z I X IO“ 10 Sulfuro de estaño(ü)* SnS 1 X IO“ 26

Cromato de calcio C aC r04 7.1 X IO“ 4 Sulfuro de manganeso(II)* MnS 2 X IO“ 53

Cromato de plata Ag2Cr0 4 1.2 X IO“ 12 Sulfuro de mercurio(II)* HgS 2 X IO“ 53

Cromato de plomo(II) P b C r0 4 1 8 X IO“ 13 Sulfuro de níquel(II)* NiS 3 X IO“ 20

Fluoruro de bario BaF2 1.7 X IO“ 6 Sulfuro de plata* Ag2S 6 X IO“ 51

Fluoruro de calcio CaF2 3.9 X IO“ 11 Sulfuro de plomo(II)* PbS 3 X IO“ 28

Fluoruro de lantano u f3 2 X IO“ 19 Sulfuro de zinc* ZnS 2 X IO“ 25

Fluoruro de plomo(ll) PbF2 3.6 X IO“ 8 Yodato de lantano U(IC>3)3 6.1 X IO“ 12

Fosfato de calcio Ca3(P0 4)2 Z0 X IO“ 29 Yoduro de mercurio(I) Hg2I2 1.1 X IO“28

Hidróxido de cadmio Cd(O H )2 Z5 X IO“ 14 Yoduro de plata Agl 8.3 X IO" 17

•Para un equilibrio de solubilidad del tipo MS<$) + H2 CXO ;= = ; M2+(ac) + HS~(ac) + OH-(ac).
U
Potenciales estándar
de reducción a 25 °C
■Ul
Cu
<

M ed ia reacció n E °(V ) M edia reacció n E°(V )

A g+(«c) + e " ----- ►A g(s) + 0.799 2 H 20(/) + 2 e” ----- ►H2(g) + 2 0 H " (« c ) - 0 .8 3

A gBr(s) + e- ----- ►A g(s) + Br"(oc) + 0.095 H C V iflc) + H 20 (/) + 2 e " ----- ►3 0 H "( îzc) + 0 .8 8
A gCl(s) + e " ----- ►A g(s) + C l"(ac) + 0.222 H ¿ H a c ) + 2 H V ) + 2 e " ----- ►2 H20 (/) + 1.776
A g(C N )2"(ac) + e " ----- ♦ A g(s) + 2 C N "(ac) - 0 .3 1 H g 22V ) + 2 e " ----- > 2 H g (/) + 0.789
Ag2C r 0 4(s) + 2 e " ----- * 2 A g(s) + C r 0 42"(ac) + 0.446 2 H g 2+(«c) + 2 e " ----- ►H g22+(oc) + 0.920
A gl(s) + e” ----- ►A g(s) + r ( a c ) -0 .1 5 1 H g2V ) + 2 e " ----- ►H g (/) + 0.854
A g(S 2Q 3)23"(oc) + e " ----- ►A g(s) + 2 S£> 32~(ac) + 0.01 fc(s) + 2 e " ----- ►2 T(flc) + 0.536
A l3+(ac) + 3 e“ ----- ►A l(s) - 1 .6 6 2 I Q j" ( « 0 + 12 t r V ) + 10 e " ----- ►
H j A s O ^ ac) + 2 H > c ) + 2 e " ----- ► I 2(s) + 6 H 20 (/) + 1.195
H 3ASO 3(ac) + H £>(!) + 0.559 K+(ac) + e " ----- ►K(s) - 2 .9 2 5
Ba2V ) + 2 e“ ----- ►Ba(s) -2 9 0 U > c ) + e " ----- ►Li(s) - 3 .0 5
BiO +(flc) + 2 H+fac) + 3 e " ----- ►Bi(s) + H jO (/) + 0 .3 2 M g2V ) + 2 e " ----- ►M g(s) - 2 .3 7
Bi^(/) + 2 e ~ ----- » 2 B r“(flc) + 1.065 M n2+(«c) + 2 e " ----- ►M n(s) - 1 .1 8
2 Br 0 3 “(oc) + 12 H +(ac) + 10 e " ----- ► M n 0 2(s) + 4 H+(ac) + 2 e " ----- ►
Br2(/) + 6H 20(/ ) + 1 .5 2 M n2V ) + 2 + 1.23
2 C 02(g ) + 2 H +(oc) + 2 e " ----- - H ^ O 4(ac) - 0 .4 9 M n 0 4"(ac) + 8 H+(oc) + 5 e " ----- ►
Ca2+(ac) + 2 e ~ ----- ►Ca(s) -2 8 7 M n2V ) + 4 +1.51
C d 2+(«c) + 2 e " ----- ►Cd (s) - 0 .4 0 3 M nO 4~(ac) + 2 H jO (!) + 3 e " ----- ►
+ 1.61 M n 02(s) + 4 OH~(oc) + 0.59
C e4V ) + e " ----- > C e 3+(flc)
H N 0 2(ac) + H +(oc) + e " ----- - N O (g) + H ¡0(1) + 1 .0 0
C l2(g) + 2 e " ----- ►2 Cl"(fle) + 1.359
N 2(g) + 4 H 20 ( i) + 4 e " ----- ►4 O H "(«c) + N 2H 4(ac) - 1 .1 6
2 HClO(oc) + 2 H+(oc) + 2 e " ------►
C l2(g) + 2 H 2 0 (/ ) + 1.63 N 2(g) + 5 H V ) + 4 e " ----- > N 2H 5+(oc) - 0 .2 3

C 1 0 ”(ac) + H 20(/) + 2 e " ----- ►Cl"(flc) + 2 0 H "(o c ) + 0.89 N C V iac) + 4 H +(ac) + 3 e " ----- - N O (g) + 2 HjO*/) + 0 .9 6

2 C 10 3 "(flc) + 12 H +(ac) + 10 e " ----- ► N a+(ac) + e " ----- *• Na(s) - 2 .7 1

C\2(g) + 6 H 2 0 (/ ) + 1 .4 7 N i2+(ac) + 2 e " ----- *• Ni(s) - 0 .2 8
C o2+(oc) + 2 e " ----- ►Co(s) - 0 .2 7 7 ( h l g ) + 4 H+(ac) + 4 e " ----- - 2 H 20 (/) + 1.23
C o3+(oc) + e " ----- > C o 2+(ac) + 1.842 02(g ) + 2 H iP (l) + 4 e " ----- *• 4 O H "(ac) + 0 .4 0
C t ^ ia c ) + 3 e " ----- ►Cr(s) - 0 .7 4 O 2(g) + 2 H+iac) + 2 e " ----- ►H2Ch(ac) + 0 .6 8
C r ^ i« :) + e " ----- ►C r2+(ac) - 0 .4 1 O 3(g) + 2 H+(ac) + 2 e " ----- ►C^fg) + H ^ i/ ) + 2 .0 7
Cr 0 7 2"(oc) + 14 H +{ac) + 6 e ~ ----- ► Pb2+(flc) + 2 e " ----- ►P b(s) - 0 .1 2 6
2 C r 3V ) + 7 H 20(/) + 1.33 PbC^is) + H S 0 4"(ac) + 3 H+iac) + 2 e " ----- ►
C r 0 42"(ac) + 4 H20(/) + 3 e " ----- ► PbSO 4(s) + 2H 20(/ ) + 1.685
Cr(O H )3(s) + 5 0 H " ( a c ) - 0 .1 3 P b S 0 4(s) + H+ îîïc) + 2 e " ----- ►Pb (s) + H S 0 4" (a :) - 0 .3 5 6
C u 2+(oc) + 2 e " ----- ►C u (s) + 0.337 P tC lj2! « : ) + 2 e " ----- ►P t (s) + 4 C l"(a c ) + 0.73
C u 2+(«c) + e " ----- ►C u +(oc) + 0.153 S(s) + 2 H +(ac) + 2 e " ----- ►H ^ (g ) +0.141
C u +(ac) + e " ----- * Cu(s) + 0.521 H ^ O 3(ac) + 4 H+(ac) + 4 e " ----- *• S(s) + 3 H £>(1) + 0 .4 5
C u l(s) + e " ----- ►Cu(s) + I~{ac) - 0 .1 8 5 H S 0 4"(flc) + 3 H + (ac) + 2 e " ----- ►
F2{g) + 2 e " ----- - 2 F~(ac) +287 H ^ O 3(ac) + H20 (I) + 0 .1 7
F e2+(oc) + 2 e " ----- * Fe(s) - 0 .4 4 0 Sn2+(ac) + 2 e " ----- ►Sn (s) - 0 .1 3 6
F e^ io c) + e” ----- ►Fe2+(oc) + 0.771 Sn4+(ac) + 2 e " ----- ►Sn2+(ac) + 0.154
Fe(CN)63-(flc) + e " ----- ►Fe(C N )64"(ac) + 0 .3 6 V 0 2+(flc) + 2 H+iac) + e " ----- ►VCï +(ac) + H ^0(1) +1.00
2 H > c ) + 2 e ~ ----- ►H 2(g) 0.000 Zn 2+(ac) + 2 e " ----- ►Zn(s) - 0 .7 6 3

1117