Duke: Waleome'to "Local Athletes." Today's quest is Joe Norse, a secondary school student who has helped his football team win tha city championship for the last three years. I myself have seen Joe play, and let me tell you, he has really mastered the game of football. Joe, your school, Jefferson High, has been attended by some of the greatest football players ever. Hank "The Tank" Perry and Dick Verall both graduated from Jefferson. How does it feel to be playing on the same field as those great players? Joe: Well, Duke, it motivates me, for sure. Our school has always had a grest history of procucing famous athletes. Duke: Your coach, Fraser Washington, always says: “A team that is motivated is a team that wins.” Do you saree? Joe: Yes, 1d0. It's a fact that even a team with lots of great players can lose if there is no motivation to win. Duke: Joe, 1 understand you've already been invited to visit several colleges that are interested in you. Have you accepted any offers yet? Joe: No, not yet, Duke. Right now I'm thinking mostly about passing my exams and getting my diploma, Duke: Well, you've made an intelligent decision. Good luck, 30e. Joe: Thanks, Duke. Description Name a host on a sports program Duke | 2 nigh ea stein | the student who is interviewed on the radio Joe Norse a famous graduate Hank "The Tank" Perry | dees coach FrserWantington |ceaeken, re Just near rae ene at 20e nore ne ocmat EPS) 1a you iow thas heed stom SE) re coy EERSSATEN tor eve se thor yee? He si tht coming fom te sae shea a ome of he (FES ret ayer (SEER) i. te ato aid at even Fa tam he get pivers they won win nse they hove SES sig now i thinking mostly about geting is oma = So yb you shoul lo hn rere stew posing ———yourexama ight now, and worry abut fot ne. Hope to see you soon. Ray The opposite of win is lose”. The opposite of worst is greatest” If anathlete is femous” _, he is known by everybody. To __master¥ something is to learn how to do something well. You get 2 diploma” when you pass your school or college exams. An _ intelligent” dacision is a smart decision.College for Kids? by Henry Nelson re-school education is changing. Once, elementary schoo! was the place to laarn 1-2-3 and A-B-C. But today, highly motivated parents have begun teaching these basics to their chilcran before they start school. Kindergarten fies now become a mini-college, viher= geography, history, and even mathematics are taught. Small children are even given homework assignments. Professor David Shift, who is the Director of Early Childhood Education at the Univarsity of Highville, says, "We must simply accept the fact that children today know mora than children did years ago. Eleanor Idle, of the New School Institute, doesn't ecree. “Children need to be children. They leam as they play. They don't need formal education this early. It just isn't normal. Soon they'll be given entrance exams for kindergarten. Very young children shouldn't spend their time worrying about grades and diplomas! r. Idle balieves that if there is already so much compstition in kinéergartan, there is no limit to how much there wil be in high school. "We don’t need to make it any harder on students than it already is,” she says, “Alter al, there were still many college graduates when playing was all children did in kindergarten.” Many people who agree with Idle say that early childhood programs should offer subjects that children enjoy and co well in naturally, ike art, music, science, and gym. After all, learning should be child's play.Professor Shift Fleanor Tdle Formal education can Formal education at an begin in pre-school early age isn't normal. Pre-school children can be Competition in pre-school given homework. is bad. Children today are Children should be playing different from children in games at pre-school. the past. Pre-school children should Competition in pre-school not have to worry about is good. their grades. > 0 06 tinetagien c —<> 6G Gana St ase - How did you do on that math test yesterday? "That was the hardest test I've ever taken. = Yeah. I wonder if Mr. Pascal has graded them yet. - I'm sure he has. ~ How can you be so sure? - I saw him this morning, and he wasn't happy at all. - No, Ehaven't. But Ve been a race driver in Europe for ten years. = Wall, good luck to you!i z i iSee Explanation PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE: ENUNCIADOS, Py R uso: ‘Se utiliza para hablar sobre acciones 0 estados que comenzaron en el pasado y de alguna forma se ‘conectan al prasante. El presente perfecto a menudo so utiliza con exprasiones que comienzan con FOR, Yy SINCE para hablar de accionas 0 estados que comenzaron en el pasado y siguen vigentas an el presente. También se utliza con los adverbios JUST, ALREADY y YET. Fl presente perfecto tambvén se Utiiza para hablar sobre acciones o heches recientes (“naticias"). FORMA: El presente partacta esta compusste por HAVE/HAS y el participio pasado (Js tercera forma del verbo ivan. AFIRMATIVO [SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + (just/already) + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]... (for/since...)] EJEMPLOS: "Ve lived here for two years "Youive already last one key. T can't believe you can't find the second." ‘whose package is thi? here since p.m." AFIRMATIVO [SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + (just/already) + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]... (for/since...)] BIENPLOS: “ve lived here fortwo years." ‘ona key. I can't believe you can't find the second.” route already lost, “Whose package sti? eg bean here ce’ # i." “we've aready met them, “Theyre nok hungry. They Ve Just eaten ther dinner” NOTA: En racine afrmativae, JUST y ALREADY por lo ganeral van inmediatamenta antes dal Dartlpo pasado, Las frases con FOR y SINCE vanal nel ce cade cracon,NEGATIVO [SUIETO + HAVE NOT/HAVEN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]..] HAS NOT/HASN'T EXEMPLOS: 5 ar = 1 torain " lunch " ‘a word for 2 hours.” 4 their breakfast. NOTA: En oraciones negativas, ALREADY y YET y Frases con FOR y SINCE por lo general Van al final da la oracién. PREGUNTAS SI/NO. [HAVE/HAS + SUJETO +...PAST PARTICIPLE [V3I] ENEMPLOS: ‘your work?" painting the room’ PREGUNTAS - WH PREGUNTAS -WH ACERCA DEL SUJETO [PALABRA-WH-+ HAVE/HAS +, .PAST PARTICIPLE (V2}} EJEMPLO: the candy?" PREGUNTAS - WH ACERCA DEL RESTO DE LA ORACION [PALABRA-WH + HAVE/HAS + SUJETO +...PAST PARTICIPLE (V3)]I EXEWPLOS: coat?" ‘with the money?" NOTA: En preguntas, 1UST y ALREADY por lo general van antes del participio pasado [V3]; YET Y las Frases con FOR y SINCE por lo general van al final de la oracién. CONTRASTE CON OTROS TIEMPOS: uso: Utilizamos al presente perfecto para hablar sobre accionas o hechos que ocurrieron durante un parfodo de alguna forma incluye ol prasente 0 va conectado a este, cuando no se sabe el momento axacto.JEMPLO: ‘Peter Parker has written five books." El "periodo" de esta oracion es la vida de Parker. Al utlizar el presente perfecto se sefiala que aun esta vivo y sigue escribiendo libros. PERO - “Jahn Craig wrote five books. EI "perfodo" ha finalizado, probablemente porque Craig murié, También utiizamos el pretérito perfecto para hablar sobre acciones o hechos recientes que son "nuevos" para el ayente, 2 menudo con los adverbias JUST y ALREADY y YET en craciones negativas y proguntas. EJEMPLOS: "The results have just come in; and here they are. “don't want fo go to that movie: Seen i" “Have you typed that lator yet?" NOTA: 6n inglés americana Se liza con frecuencia al pretérito simple: "The election results just came in: here they are. "dent want to go to that mova; already a0 "Did you type that letter yat?" Utiizamos el presente perfecto con ciertas expresiones: FOR SINCE Podemos utlizar FOR © SINCE al comianze de Ia exprasion da tiempo. i decimas custo dura Ia 2ccién Ove ectada utlizamos FOR: "for ten minutes.", "...for twenty years." for two centuries", *...for a vary long time." etc. ‘Si decimos cudndo comenzé la accién o estado, utilizamos SINCE, seguido del tiempo o alguna otra ‘expresién qua indique el tiempo: ‘since I was a baby." atc. How LONG Para saber la duracién de una actividad o estado comenzamos una pregunta con HOW LONG: EJEMPLOS: ‘that ewoator?" “About six months. " ‘an actor?" "Since I left school." EVER ‘Si queremos seber si algo ha ocurrido, pero no cuando, a menudo colocames el adverbio EVER antes el verto an Ia pregunta. EXAMPLES: 5 eon “Yes, have." “ jn an accident?" "No, T haven't." JUST, ALREADY o YET UST (=hace poco tiempo), ALREADY (=antes de ahora) ¥ YET (antes/ hasta ahora) sa utlizan con oraciones en presenta perfecto que hablan sobre acciones 0 echos recientes ("noticias"), JUST y ALREADY por lo general van inmediatamente antes da la tercera forma del verbo y YET 3 menude 2 Utliza al final de una oracicn nagativa 0 una pregunta. EIEMPLOS: as movie, Lat’s stay ham: aa pe are athe ogy 500 with Mike Rhodes, sce, TSE “No, [havent But Even 2 race driver in Europe for ten years. "Well, Good Luck to you!" : an Indy race?"== Abe€ > 0 06 tinetagiin si ase Just: Let me help you with that. Yavor: Oh thanks. Justin: So where ara you from? Yavor: I'm from Bulgaria. Justin: Ahh. What brought you to the States? Yavor: Twas working in the European office. I had been there five years, so I asked for a transfer and here Iam. justin: Sounds like a great opportunity. What kind af work are you doing hera? Yavor: For now I'm still in training. But in a couple of weeks I'l be joining the finance department, Justin: How do you like living here so far? Yavor: It’s great. Everyone is s0 friendly. People call each other by their first names. Where I come from things are much more formal. Justin: That's interesting. 1 never thought of it like that. Coworker: Hey Justin! How's it going? Justin: Great! Yavor: See what I mean.2 o Study Exchange by Pat miller Craighouse Schoo! in Glasgow has been sending children overseas to France on an excrange program since 1971. The students’ French improves a lot, and wien they come back they usually no longer need a French tutor to help them cutside of school. The childran who take part in the exchange procram have to be over the age of thirteen, Mrs. Bankes, whose daughtar is participating in this year's exchanga group, says, "I think it's 3 wonderful opportunity for kim. Although she has only been away for a month, [ nave already sterted to miss her. I've been making long-cistance calls to Paris about onc= a week since she left.” ‘Anyone who has seen Kim in Paris knows that she hasn't been missing anyone. Kim is very happy with the program. She says that her French has really improved, and hearing her French accent, iE was easy to believe ner. “haven't ben homesick even once,” Kim says. "I have made saversl new friends and I have 8 reat roommate, Chantal, who I will keep in touch with when I leave. I don’t even feal ike going home at all.” The exchange program also helos these young people meet again after the program has ended, and friends like Chantal and Kim will probably meet at Kim's home in Scotland next year. Of course, that's if Kim hasn't already decided to stay in France and become 2 French citizen! Parants who are interested in sencing thair children abroad on this program should contact the Craighouse School in Poliok, Giasaow.= Oh, yes. Very much. ~ How long have you been here? ~ only about two weeks, but 1'va alraady socn 3 lot. Have you started school yet? Not yet. Schoo! starts tomorrow. I'm really loaking forward to it.EXAMPLES: “you have nat (haven't) been working all week.” "He has not (hasn't) been living here very long.” NOTA: las expresiones FOR y SINCE se utilzan con el presente perfecto progresivo igual que con et presente perfecto simple. EJEMPLOS: “They have been studying French for three years." "She has been living here since 1967." ~ 1 don't know. Eve been watching him, too. I think he's strange.a age TELLTRREREGeHost: stella: Host: Gertrude: Host: Mike: Host: Penelope: Host: ‘Welcome, listeners, to today’s!"Call-Tn Line." I'm your host, Doug, and on today's chow I'd like to hear about your favorite celabration. Good morning, Caller Number One. You're on the ai Hi, Doug! This is Stella, my favorite celebration has always been Independence Day. Last year we had a fireworks display and our annual bake sale. I baked old-fashioned apple pie. can almost taste that apple pie. Thank you, Stella. Now we go to Gertrude, who's baon waiting on the line. Hello. This might sound unusual, but in England, where I was born, there is ‘a Spring Bank Holiday festival. 1t has always heen 2 tradition to celebrate it with a fair in a park. There is usuelly a parade, as well. That sounds very English, Gertrude. Now, are there any men out there celebrating anything? Hi, Doug. My name is Mike, and my favorita celebration is Thanksgiving. I _am a descendant of one of the first Englishman who came to America. 1 was born hera, and I consider it an honor ta be an American. ‘well, it's been an honor for us to have you on aur program, Mike! And now, our lest caller is ... Penelope. My favorite celebration was my 97th birthday. My whole family gathered for the event. Penelope, your favorita celebration really is unique. Well, that's all we have time for today. Have a spectacular day, listeners, and let's keap talking to each other.The First Thanksgiving Andrew and Kenii were sitting outsice Ken's house with nothing to do. Suddenly andrew stood up. "Let's go inside and watch the Thanksgiving Day Parade on TV,” he said. “What's Thanksgiving Day?" asked Kenji. "You don’t know what Thanksgiving Day is!” Andrew asked, surprised. “It's a holiday that ‘Americans celebrate in honor of everything thet this country offered to our ancestors. When the pilgrims first came to America 400 years ago, they worked hard building houses, planting, and fishing. They ware helped by the American Indians, who taught tham how to grow all kinds of new vegetables, such as corn and yams, or sweet potatoes. By harvest time, there was lots of food to eat and the future looked full of opportunity. Our ancestors made a feast to show their appraciation. So now, every year wa celebrate Thanksgiving Day. “What do you do on Thanksgiving?” asked Kenji. Well, t's traditional to eat a big meal together. We eat food that symbolizes the new food our ancestors ate. At our hous we usually eat turkey with sweat potatoes and corn bread. ‘And we have pumpkin pie for dessert.” said Andrew. "Te never had sweet potatoes or pumpkin pie. They sound interesting," Kenji said. "But What's the parade you want to sea?" “Oh, it's an annual event. Every Thanksciving, a giant narade is organized by one of thecaller Celebration wom iy ~ sera mee me ene - mm sitetold-fashioned on the line Definitions unique