1-Propanol
Nombre IUPAC
Propan-1-ol
General
Otros nombres 1-Propanol
alcohol propílico
propanol
n-propanol
Fórmula CH3CH2CH2OH
semidesarrollada
Fórmula estructural
Fórmula molecular C3H8O
Identificadores
Número CAS 71-23-81
Número RTECS UH8225000
ChEBI 28831
ChemSpider 1004
DrugBank 03175
PubChem 1031
Propiedades físicas
Apariencia Incoloro
Densidad 790 kg/m3; 0,79 g/cm3
Masa molar 60,09 g/mol
Punto de fusión 146,7 K (-126 °C)
Punto de ebullición 370,3 K (97 °C)
Viscosidad 2,26 cP a ? °C (? K)
Propiedades químicas
Acidez ~16 pKa
Solubilidad en agua Miscible
Momento dipolar 1,68 D
Peligrosidad
Punto de inflamabilidad 288 K (15 °C)
NFPA 704
3
1
0
Temperatura de 623 K (350 °C)
autoignición
Riesgos
Ingestión Dolor de garganta, náusea,
vómitos, vértigo, somnolencia.
Inhalación Dolor de garganta, tos, dolor de
cabeza, náusea, vómitos, vértigo.
Piel Enrojecimiento.
Ojos Dolor, enrojecimiento, visión
borrosa.
Compuestos relacionados
Alcoholesrelacionados Etanol,
Propan-2-ol,
Butan-1-ol
Otros compuestos Propanal,
relacionados ácido propílico,
1-Cloropropano,
propilacetato
Valores en el SI y en condiciones estándar
(25 °C y 1 atm), salvo que se indique lo contrario.
[editar datos en Wikidata]
El compuesto químico propan-1-ol es un alcohol incoloro, muy miscible con el agua. Es
comúnmente llamado propanol, n-propanol o alcohol propílico.
Su fórmula química desarrollada es CH3-CH2-CH2OH.
Índice
[ocultar]
1Aplicación
2Manipulación
3Enlaces externos
4Referencias
Aplicación[editar]
En compuestos anticongelantes, solvente para gomas, lacas, hule, aceites
esenciales, creosota.
Componente en aceites y tintas de secado rápido.
En productos cosméticos como son lociones y productos refrescantes.
En la limpieza de aparatos electrónicos.
En la fabricación de acetona, glicerina, acetato de isopropilo.
En medicina como antiséptico.
Manipulación[editar]
Peligros físicos
El vapor se mezcla bien con el aire, se forman fácilmente mezclas explosivas.
Peligros químicos
Reacciona con oxidantes fuertes (percloratos, nitratos).
Límites de exposición
TLV(como TWA): 200 ppm; 492 mg/m3(piel) (ACGIH). TLV (como STEL): 250 ppm;
614 mg/m3 (piel) (ACGIH).
Vías de exposición
La sustancia se puede absorber por inhalación de su vapor, por inhalación del aerosol,
a través de la piel y por ingestión.
Riesgo de inhalación
En la evaporación de esta sustancia a 20 °C se puede alcanzar bastante lentamente
una concentración nociva en el aire.
Efectos de la exposición de corta duración
La sustancia irrita los ojos, la piel y el tracto respiratorio. La sustancia puede tener
efectos sobre el sistema nervioso central, dando lugar a depresión de su actividad. La
exposición muy por encima the OEL puede producir pérdida del conocimiento. Los
efectos pueden aparecer de forma no inmediata. Se recomienda vigilancia médica.
Efectos de la expo
Methanol is a colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE
and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of
methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.
from MeSH
Methyl Alcohol is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Component of deicing mixtures and preservatives. Toxic.
Pharmacology from NCIt
It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid
with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol . Methanolis
responsible for accidental, suicidal, and epidemic poisonings, resulting in death or
permanent sequelae. Toxicity is due to the metabolic products of alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase. (PMID: 15627163). The rapid and
accurate diagnosis of toxic alcohol poisoning due to methanol (methyl alcohol) is
paramount in preventing serious adverse outcomes. The quantitative measurement of
specific serum levels of methanol using gas chromatography is expensive, time
consuming and generally only available at major tertiary-care facilities.
(PMID: 15862085).
naturally in the anaerobic metabolism of many varieties of bacteria and is commonly present in
small amounts in the environment. As a result, the atmosphere contains a small amount of
methanol vapor. Atmospheric methanol is oxidized by air in sunlight to carbon dioxide and
water over the course of days.
Interstellar medium[edit]
Methanol is also found in abundant quantities in star-forming regions of space and is used in
astronomy as a marker for such regions. It is detected through its spectral emission lines.[15]
In 2006, astronomers using the MERLIN array of radio telescopes at Jodrell Bank
Observatory discovered a large cloud of methanol in space, 288 billion miles across.[16][17] In
2016, astronomers detected methyl alcohol in a planet-forming disc around the young star TW
Hydrae using ALMA radio telescope.[18]
Toxicity[edit]
Main article: Methanol toxicity
See also: List of methanol poisoning incidents
Methanol has low acute toxicity in humans but is dangerous because, together with ethanol, it
is occasionally ingested in large volumes. As little as 10 mL of pure methanol can cause
permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. 30 mL is potentially fatal.[19] The median
lethal dose is 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol[20]).
The reference dose for methanol is 2 mg/kg in a day.[21][22] Toxic effects begin hours after
ingestion, and antidotes can often prevent permanent damage.[19] Because of its similarities in
both appearance and odor to ethanol (the alcohol in beverages), it is difficult to differentiate
between the two (such is also the case with denatured alcohol, adulterated liquors or very low
quality alcoholic beverages). However, cases exist of methanol resistance, such as that
of Mike Malloy who was the victim of a failed murder attempt by methanol in the early 1930s.[23]
Methanol is toxic by two mechanisms. First, methanol can be fatal due to its CNS
depressant properties in the same manner as ethanol poisoning. Second, in a process
of toxication, it is metabolized to formic acid (which is present as the formate ion)
via formaldehyde in a process initiated by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in
the liver.[24] Methanol is converted to formaldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and
formaldehyde is converted to formic acid (formate) via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The
conversion to formate via ALDH proceeds completely, with no detectable formaldehyde
remaining.[25] Formate is toxic because it inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase,
causing hypoxia at the cellular level, and metabolic acidosis, among a variety of other
metabolic disturbances.[26]
Outbreaks of methanol poisoning have occurred due to contamination of drinking alcohol. This
is more common in the developing world.[27] In 2013 more than 1700 cases occurred in the
United States. Those affected are often adult males.[28] Outcomes may be good with early
treatment.[29] Toxicity to methanol was described as early as 1856.[30]
Because of its toxic properties, methanol is frequently used as a denaturant additive for ethanol
manufactured for industrial uses. This addition of methanol exempts industrial ethanol
(commonly known as "denatured alcohol" or "methylated spirit") from liquor excise taxation in
the US and some other countries.
