Introduccion al Problema
de Estabilidad de Sistemas de Potencia
(8 Transparencias)
Preparadas por: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Instituto de Energia Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingenieria
Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Argentina
e-mail:
[email protected]
Av. Lib, San Martin (Oeste) 1109
5400 San Juan
Republica Argentina
Tel.: +54 264 422 6444
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power system stability and control,
McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Contenido:
2.1. Conceptos basicos y definiciones
2.1.1 Estabilidad de Angulo del rotor
2.1.2 Estabilidad de tension y colapso de tension
2.1.3 Estabilidad de mediano plazo y estabilidad de largo plazo
2.2 Clasificacién de la estabilidad
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power system stability and
control, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Introduccién al problema de estabilidad
de sistemas de potencia 2.1 Conceptos basicos y definiciones
Estabilidad, operacién sincrénica, inestabilidad, perturbacion
transitoria, respuesta del sistema.
2.1.1 Estabilidad de angulo del rotor
Caracteristicas de la maquina sincronica
Relacién entre potencia y angulo
Machine 1 Machine 2
Line
@—+— +++) (@ Single-tine diagram
(b) Idealized model
(©) Phasor diagram
Figure 2.1 Power transfer characteristic of
a two-machine system
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power system stability and | Introducci6én al problema de estabilidad
control, McGraw-Hill, 1994. de sistemas de potencia El fendmeno de estabilidad transitoria
Pérdida de sincronismo, momento de giro electromagnético y sus componentes
sincronizante y de amortiguamiento.
AT, = T,A8+T, Ao (2.2)
(a) Estabilidad de pequefia sefial
Modos de oscilacién: local, entre areas, asociados a medios de regulacién,
torsionales
Stable
© Positive T;
* Positive Ty
Non-oscillatory
Instability AT.R-----] AT,
* Negative 7,
* Positive T,
t
Stable
* Positive 7;
* Positive Ty
Oscillatory
Instability
* Positive 7;
* Negative 7,
() With excitation control
Figure 2.2 Nature of small-disturbance response
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power system stability and | Introduccién al problema de estabilidad | Pag. 2-2
control. McGraw-Hill, 1994. de sistemas de potencia (b) Estabilidad transitoria
Rotor angle 8
1.0 1s 7 7 3.0
Time in seconds
Figure 2.3 Rotor angle response to a transient disturbance
Caso 1: Caso estable
Caso 2: Inestabilidad de primera oscilacién, el Angulo del rotor crece
constantemente
Caso 3: La inestabilidad se presenta después de la primera oscilacion
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power system stability and
control. McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Introduccién al problema de estabilidad
de sistemas de potencia 2.1.2 Estabilidad de tension y colapso de tensi6n
Zyyl8 Ve
+ t | Prti@e
Zpldo
Figure 2.4 A simple radial system for illustration
of voltage stability phenomenon
The expression for current / in Figure 2.4 is
where I and E, are phasors, and
‘The magnitude of the current is given by
Zay'
This may be expressed as
r-LE
Fly
;
Fe (2) (lesen
Zu, LN,
The magnitude of the receiving end voltage is given by
The power supplied to the load is
-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Kundur, P.: Power System Stability and | Introduccién al problema de estabilidad | Pag. 2-4
Control, McGraw-t de sistemas de potencia 2.1.2 Estabilidad de tensién y colapso de tensi6n (continuacién)
Critical value
Zyl2p
3
1
Figure 2.5 Receiving end voltage, current and power as a function
of load demand for the system of Figure 2.4
,,=Es/Z,ys C0s=0.95 lag; tan6=10.0)
0.0 PIP,
0.0 02 04 06 08 1.0 ao
Figure 2.6 Power-voltage characteristics of
the system of Figure 2.4
(cosd =0.95 lag; tan® = 10.0)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power System Stability and
Control, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Introduccién al problema de estabilidad
de sistemas de potencia 2.1.2 Estabilidad de tensién y colapso de tensién (continuacién)
0.9 lag 0.95 lag 1.0 0.95 lead 0.9 lead power factor
Locus of critical points
Note: Pyysy is the maximum power
transfer at unity power factor
PrlPruax
.0
0 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16
figure 2.7 Vq-P, characteristics of the system of
Figure 2.4 with different load-power factors
Note: Pax is the maximum power
transfer at unity power factor
Locus of critical points
02 04 06 O08 10 12 14
Figure 2.8 Vg-Qp characteristics of the system of
Figure 2.4 with different P,/Pyygy Tatio
(a) Estabilidad de tension ante pequefias perturbaciones
(b) Estabilidad de tensién ante grandes prturbaciones
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power System Stability and | Introducci6n al problema de estabilidad
Control, McGraw-Hill, 1994. de sistemas de potencia 2.1.3 Estabilidad de mediano plazo y estabilidad de largo plazo
Corto plazo (transitoria):
Mediano plazo:
Largo plazo:
0a 10 segundos
10 seundos a algunos minutos
de unos pocos minutos a decenas de minutos
2.2 Clasificacién de la estabilidad
Power System Stability
T
~ Ability to remain in operating equilibrium
- Equilibrium between opposing forces
a ce |
Angle Stability Voltage Stability
> Ability to maintain
synchronism
= Torque balance of
synchronous machines
= Ability to maintain
steady acceptable
voltage
~ Reactive power
balance
1 c= 1+ i
Mid-term Large-
Stability Disturbance
Voltage
Stability
Large
disturbance
Switching events
Transient
Stability
Long-term
Stability
~ Large disturbance - Severe upsets; large voltage
~ First-swing and frequency excursions
aperiodic drift - Fast and slow - Uniform system
= Study period dynamics frequency
up to 10s = Study period Slow dynamics
to several min, - Study period
to tens of min,
Small-Signal
Stability
co —
Non-oscillatory
Instability
Oscillatory
Instability
~ Insufficient
synchronizing
torque
~ Insufficient
damping torque
= Unstable control action
Stability
~ Steady-state
P/Q Vrelations
* With availability of improved analytical techniques providing unified approach for analysis
of fast an
become less significant.
slow dynamics, distinction between mid-term and long-term stability has
Figure 2.9 Classification of power system stability
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Washington H. Peralta
Ref.: Kundur, P.: Power System Stability and
Control, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Introduccién al problema de estabilidad
de sistemas de potencia
