INGLS

ACCESO CFGS

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CFGS Ingls

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0
Introduccin

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CFGS Ingls

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El examen de acceso (ingls)

Elementos del examen
El examen de Ingls de Acceso a Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior tiene una duracin
de 45 minutos y consta de los siguientes apartados:

Texto

Preguntas sobre el texto, donde tendrs que encontrar las soluciones, pero que, en
general, no podrs copiarlas sino expresar la respuesta con tus propias palabras.
Han de ser respuestas completas (0.50 puntos).

Escoger cul es la mejor respuesta de entre las que propone el texto (0.30 puntos).

Decir si las afirmaciones o negaciones propuestas son verdaderas o falsas (0.20

puntos).

Redaccin sobre un tema de dos propuestos, con una longitud entre 60 a 80 pala bras (1 punto).
El fin de este libro es que te familiarices con el examen. Para ello te vamos a proponer un
conjunto de pruebas, algunas de ellas que ya han salido en aos anteriores, y te vamos a dar
consejos provechosos para que tengas xito con el examen. Aunque slo vale dos puntos, recuerda que te pueden ser muy tiles y que te pueden ayudar a conseguir tus propsitos.

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CFGS Ingls

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1
Redaccin

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1. Cmo hacer una redaccin en ingls

La redaccin consta de tres partes: introduccin, cuerpo y desenlace.

1. Introduccin
Podremos enfocar la introduccin desde varias perspectivas: sorpresa, confirmacin,
contradiccin y suspenso. La perspectiva elegida depender del tema propuesto.
Las siguientes partes conformarn la introduccin, que no debera extenderse ms all de
un prrafo: Primero, una breve introduccin general al tema y, seguidamente, la tesis, la cual
indicar la interpretacin de las implicaciones de la pregunta.
Por ejemplo, supongamos que nos proponen el siguiente tema: WOULD YOU GO TO A
REMOTE LAND AND STAY THERE? SAY WHY (60 80 words). Tendramos que optar por una
perspectiva, por ejemplo la confirmacin:
Nothing could interest me more than going to a remote land and staying there. Its an
opportunity for a new life.

2. Cuerpo
En el cuerpo de la redaccin se desarrolla el enfoque adoptado en la introduccin. La orga nizacin de lo que decimos depender de la perspectiva adoptada.
Dependiendo del propsito, se puede optar por alguna de las estrategias argumentativas
siguientes: anlisis, comparacin y contraste, definicin, clasificacin y causa y efecto.
Si optamos en nuestro ejemplo por comparacin y contraste:
Living always in the same place doesnt offer you the unique opportunity of creating
something completely new. However, going to a remote place may give you the chance of
living in a different way, of mixing with new people and sharing their world.

3. Conclusin
En la conclusin se recogen las ideas expuestas anteriormente, y se termina con una frase
que refleje bien el enfoque de la redaccin.
En nuestro ejemplo:
So, yes, please. Take me there and Ill find a new life.

Composition
Nothing could interest me more than going to a remote land and staying there. Its an
opportunity for a new life.
Living always in the same place doesnt offer you the unique opportunity of creating
something completely new. However, going to a remote place may give you the chance of
living in a different way, of mixing with new people and sharing their world.
So, yes, please. Take me there and Ill find a new life.

2. Introductores y conectores
El idioma ingls es muy rico y variado. Desde aqu te aconsejamos que leas en ingls continuamente: es un esfuerzo que pronto dejar de serlo y que rinde unos frutos extraordinarios.
Mientras tanto, te ofrecemos un resumen de expresiones que te pueden ayudar mucho a elaborar
tus redacciones.

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A) OPINION ESSAY
1. Introduction. Stating the problem
It is a well known fact that
Todo el mundo sabe que / Es un hecho conocido por todos que
It is a truth universally acknowledged that
Es mundialmente reconocido que
It is common knowledge that
Todo el mundo sabe que
It is a well attested fact that the overwhelming majority of people
Es un hecho probado que la gran mayora de la gente
It is a commonly held belief among people the fact that
Es una creencia / opinin muy generalizada / extendida entre la gente que
A controversial question facing our society is
Una cuestin polmica en nuestra sociedad es
One of the most widely debated subject of the moment
Uno de los temas ms controvertidos en estos momentos
A problem that is often debated nowadays is that of
Un problema que se discute a menudo hoy en da es el tema de
It is hard to open a newspaper nowadays without being faced with
Es difcil abrir un peridico hoy da sin encontrar noticias de
We live in a world in which
Vivimos en un mundo en que
What we are mainly concerned with here is
El tema principal que nos ocupa en esta ocasin es
By way of introduction, let me give a brief review of the background of this question
A modo de introduccin, dar un repaso a los antecedentes de este problema
It can be seen that
Se puede ver que
It seems that
Parece que
It is said that / It can be said that
Se dice que / Se puede decir que
We are constantly being told that
Constantemente se nos dice que
It is no good thinking
No es buena idea
The current thinking on
Las ideas actuales / El pensamiento actual sobre
The government thinking on this issue
La lnea del gobierno sobre este problema
It implies that It could also have the implication that Now the suggestion is
that, so that when
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Esto quiere decir Esto tambin podra implicar Ahora la sugerencia es, as que
cuando
The key point is certainly not just whether but whether
El punto clave no es ciertamente si sino si
It is extraordinary to think that
Es extraordinario / inslito / increble pensar que
As a result of
Como consecuencia de
The crucial problem for verb + ing is
El problema crucial de es
I understand perfectly well that and that one is sometimes on dangerous ground if
one says that
Comprendo perfectamente que y que uno a veces pisa terreno peligroso si dice que
It can be criticised for verb + ing; but at the same time we can see that
Se le puede criticar de; pero al mismo tiempo vemos que
2. My personal opinion
In my opinion
En mi opinin
I imagine
Me imagino / figuro
I guess
Supongo / Creo
I hold the view
Opino que
My views on
Mi opinin de
Judging from / by
A juzgar por
In my view
En mi opinin / A mi modo de ver
I suppose
Supongo / Me imagino
I cant deny that
No puedo negar que
According to
Segn (la opinin de)
I am of the opinion that
Opino que
What I think about
Lo que pienso de
I take the view that
Opino que / Mi criterio es que
My views on / about
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Mi opinin de / sobre
I express the view that
Opino que
My opinion is that
Mi criterio es que
As I said before
Como ya dije antes
To my (way of) thinking
A mi modo de ver / En mi opinin
I strongly believe that
Tengo la certeza / la plena conviccin de que
I feel strongly that
Estoy totalmente / profundamente convencido de que
As far as I am concerned
En lo que a m respecta / Por m
I am strongly in favour of
Estoy totalmente a favor de que
I accept the fact that
Reconozco / Acepto (el hecho de) que
I am biased against
Estoy predispuesto en contra de / Tengo prejuicio en contra de
I am biased towards
Estoy predispuesto a favor de
The way / As I see it
A mi modo de ver / Tal como yo lo veo / A mi entender
I see nothing wrong with / in
No encuentro nada de malo en / No me parece mal que
It strikes me (that)
Me da la impresin de que / Se me ocurre que
I am absolutely convinced that
Estoy totalmente convencido de que
No time must be wasted on
No se debe perder tiempo en
It is important to remember
Es importante recordar
I dont see any point in verb + ing
No veo qu sentido tiene
I appreciate (that)
Entiendo / Comprendo / Me hago cargo de que
From my point of view
Desde mi punto de vista
As far as I know / see
Por lo que yo s / veo
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I tend to think that

Tiendo / Me inclino a pensar que
It is no use
De nada sirve / No se consigue nada con
I strongly disagree
Estoy totalmente en desacuerdo
I am inclined to think that
Me inclino a pensar que
It doesnt seem right to me
A m no me parece bien
On balance, Id say that
A fin de cuentas / Dira
We must bear in mind
Tenemos que tener presente / en cuenta que
There is no doubt that
No hay ni la menor duda de que
I am surprised (that)
Me sorprende / Me extraa
What is the point of?
Qu sentido tiene? / Para qu?
I am (completely) for
Estoy a favor de
I am (completely) against
Estoy en contra de
It sickens me to see how
Me da rabia / Me asquea / Me asquea ver cmo
I knew at the back of my mind that
En el fondo yo saba
I regard it as vital that
Considero fundamental que
I dont / quite agree with
No estoy / Estoy bastante de acuerdo con
It is important to notice that
Es importante resaltar que
Considering that
Si tenemos en consideracin / cuenta que
I feel very strongly that
Estoy totalmente / profundamente convencido de que
It seems / appears to me that
Tengo la impresin de que / Me parece que
What I havent taken into account is
Lo que no he tenido en cuenta es
I am convinced in my own mind that
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Estoy plenamente convencido de que

takes no account of the fact that
no toma / tiene en cuenta el hecho de que
It is my considered opinion that
Lo he pensado mucho y considero / opino que
I personally think / believe / feel that
Personalmente creo / pienso / siento que
It is sickening to see and hear that
Me da rabia / Me asquea / Me enferma ver y or que
You must take into account / take account of
Debes tomar / tener en cuenta
I would like to point out a couple of things
Me gustara sealar un par de cosas
You should bear / keep in mind that
Se debera tener en cuenta / tener presente que
It seems to me that has a point here, but
Me parece que tiene algo de razn, pero
Well, personally, I believe / feel / think that
Bueno, personalmente creo / siento / pienso que
I am totally / strongly opposed to / in favour of
Estoy totalmente en contra / a favor de
The truth / fact must remain that
La verdad / El hecho debe ser que / Debe seguir siendo cierto que
I am not claiming that What I mean is that
No estoy afirmando que Lo que quiero decir es
I have a growing discontent in my heart as regard
Tengo un descontento cada vez mayor en relacin con
I am (not) against What I complain about is
(No) Estoy en contra de De lo que me quejo / protesto es
I strongly / absolutely agree / disagree with / to / about / that
Estoy totalmente de acuerdo / en desacuerdo con / en / que
I agree with you to a certain extent but there are still a lot of points I disagree on
Estoy de acuerdo contigo hasta cierto punto, pero todava hay muchos puntos con los que
estoy en desacuerdo
I am personally ashamed of But, to tell you the truth, I am far more ashamed of
Estoy personalmente avergonzado / apenado / Se me cae la cara de vergenza de
Pero, a decir verdad, estoy mucho ms avergonzado de
Being a, I may be slightly biased when trying to analyse the reasons
Siendo, podra estar predispuesto al analizar las razones
I really dont see why
En verdad no veo el por qu
I regard it as my duty to
Considero (que es) mi deber
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I am of the view / opinion that

Mi opinin es que
I would like
Me gustara
What I am criticising is
Lo que critico es
There is no point in
No sirve de nada
I take your point that
Acepto que
I cant stand
No puedo soportar
I am astonished
Me asombra
I am interested in
Me interesa
I am amazed by
Me asombra
I would suggest that
Sugerira que
To my mind
En mi opinin
The point is that
El hecho es que
I dont mind
No me importa
I detest
Detesto / Odio / Aborrezco
Personally
Personalmente
I dislike
No me gusta
3. The reason for it
Introduction
First(ly),
Primero
First of all
En primer lugar / Antes que nada
To begin with
Para empezar
To start with
Para empezar
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For a start
Para empezar
In the first place
En primer lugar
The first step / stage is
El primer paso
First and last
Por encima de todo
First and foremost
En primer lugar y ante todo
Whether we like it or not
Nos guste o no
Most important(ly),
Lo que es ms importante
Important(ly) of all,
Lo ms importante de todo
I want to begin by saying
Quiero empezar diciendo
As regards
En lo que se refiere a / En lo que atae a / En cuanto a
With regard to
(Con) respecto a , Con / En relacin a / con
As a general rule,
Por regla general / Generalmente
It is obvious / certain that
Es obvio que / Est claro que
For one thing...
En primer lugar, / Para empezar,
One reason is...
Un motivo / razn es
First and most important(ly),
En primer lugar y con ms importancia,
Continuity
Secondly,
En segundo lugar,
Next,
Luego,
Then,
Luego,
Subsequently,
Posteriormente,
Later,
Despus, / Posteriormente,
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In the second place,

En segundo lugar,
After this,
Despus de esto,
Apart from that,
Aparte de eso,
More important,
Lo que es ms importante,
(Far) More importantly,
Lo que es (mucho) ms importante,
There is still another thing
Hay todava otra cosa
The next / following stage / step is
El prximo paso / fase / etapa es
In the next stage,
En la siguiente fase / etapa,
What is more,
Lo que es ms,
Moreover,
Adems, / Por otra parte,
Furthermore,
Adems,
Besides,
Adems,
and for another (thing)
y por otro lado
the other reason is
la otra razn / motivo es
In addition,
Adems,
Another key aspect to be considered can be
Otro aspecto clave / fundamental que considerar puede ser

B) FOR AND AGAINST

1. General statement of the problem / Current situation
A controversial question facing our society is
Una cuestin polmica en nuestra sociedad es
One of the most widely debated subject of the moment
Uno de los temas ms controvertidos en estos momentos
...It implies that It could also have the implication that Now the suggestion is
that , so that when
Esto quiere decir Esto tambin podra implicar que Ahora la sugerencia es que ,
as que cuando
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The key point is certainly not just whether, but whether

El punto clave no es ciertamente si, sino si
This is a complex subject and there are many points to be said for and against. First
of all, I would like to look at this subject from the viewpoint of, and then consider the
more arguments.
Es un tema complejo y hay muchos puntos que se pueden decir a favor y en contra. En
primer lugar, me gustara tratar este tema desde el punto de vista de y luego considerar los ar gumentos ms
It is certainly true that , but it is also true that
Es cierto que pero tambin es verdad que
Yet provokes controversy.
Sin embargo provoca polmica.
There are two sides to every question.
Toda cuestin tiene dos aspectos / caras.
There is another side of the question, however.
Sin embargo, hay otro aspecto de la cuestin.
In this essay I intend to examine the arguments for and against
En esta redaccin intento estudiar los argumentos a favor y en contra
The disadvantages / cons outweigh the advantages / pros.
Las desventajas son mayores / pesan ms que las ventajas (Hay ms contras que pros)
The pros and cons of
Las ventajas y desventajas de
To weigh up the pros and cons of
Para sopesar los pros y contras de
A problem that is often debated nowadays is that of
Un problema que se discute a menudo hoy en da es el tema de
We are often faced in daily life with the choice between and
En la vida real nos vemos muchas veces ante la necesidad de escoger entre y
Many people argue that
Mucha gente argumenta que
It can (of course) be argued that
Se puede argumentar que (por supuesto)
It seems that
Parece que
It seems absolutely obvious that
Parece absolutamente obvio que
It is said that
Se dice que
It can (truly) be said that
Se puede decir (con toda justicia) que
It can be seen that
Se puede ver que
Its extraordinary to think that
Es inslito / increble pensar que
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It is no good thinking
No es buena idea
We are constantly being told that
Constantemente se nos dice que
It is a well known fact that
Todo el mundo sabe que / Es un hecho conocido por todos que
It is a truth universally acknowledged that
Es mundialmente reconocido que
It is common knowledge that
Todo el mundo sabe que
It is a well attested fact that the overwhelming majority of people
Es un hecho probado que la gran mayora de la gente
It is a commonly held belief among people the fact that
Es una creencia / opinin muy generalizada / extendida entre la gente que
The current thinking on
Las ideas actuales / El pensamiento actual sobre
The government thinking on this issue
La lnea del gobierno sobre este problema
I understand perfectly well that and that one is sometimes on dangerous ground if
one says that
Comprendo perfectamente que y que uno a veces pisa terreno peligroso si dice que
The crucial problem for verb + ing is
El problema crucial de es
It can be criticised for verb + ing ; but at the same time we can see that
Se le puede criticar de ; pero al mismo tiempo vemos que
2. Points for / pros / advantages
There is another side to the picture.
Hay otro aspecto del panorama.
One advantage of is that Moreover, However, In addition, At the same
time, Consequently,
Una ventaja de es que Adems, Sin embargo, Adems, Al mismo tiempo,
Consecuentemente,
One of the strongest arguments in favour of is that Another advantage is that
It would also be good thing for Lastly,
Uno de los argumentos / razones ms fuertes a favor de es que Otra ventaja es que
Sera tambin una buena cosa para Por ltimo,
Undoubtedly, if there would be, on the one hand, and, on the other, Besides,
Sin duda, si habra, por otro lado, y, por otro lado, Adems
The advantages are of kinds: not only , but they also
Las ventajas son de tipos; no slo , sino tambin
has / have the advantage of verb + ing / that
Tiene(n) la ventaja de / de que
As advantages
Como ventajas
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There are certain well-defined arguments in favour of

Hay ciertos argumentos bien definidos a favor de
Certain arguments can be advanced in favour of
Se puede proponer ciertos argumentos a favor de
He is pro verb + ing
Est a favor de
An argument in support of this approach is that
En apoyo de este enfoque se puede decir que
It is interesting to consider
Sera interesante considerar
The second reason for
La segunda razn de
3. Points against / cons / disadvantages
does undoubtedly have its bad side. Whilst have yet to be proved, few could
deny that
sin duda tiene su aspecto negativo. Mientras tiene an que probarse, pocos podran
negar que
The issue of could be approached from another angle.
El tema de podra enfocarse desde otro ngulo.
On the other hand, there are several arguments against To begin with, What is
more, Finally,
Por otro lado, hay varios argumentos en contra de Para empezar Adems Finalmente
Furthermore, even when , it is not a really good thing for to + verb
Adems, incluso cuando , no es realmente bueno para
It would seem that too much is to blame.
Parece ser que demasiado es el culpable.
One of the main difficulties in is
Una de las principales dificultades en es
I dont think Firstly, Secondly, Finally,
No creo que En primer lugar En segundo lugar Finalmente
And, finally, when , surely it is the time to draw the line.
Y finalmente, cuando , seguramente es el momento de decir basta.
One of the main reasons is The second reason is probably And, last but not
least, is
Una de las principales razones es La segunda razn probablemente es Y, la ltima
pero no menos importante, es
One of the basic arguments against in favour of is that
Una de las razones bsicas en contra de a favor de es que
As disadvantages
Como desventaja
4. Conclusion / Weighing up the points outlined and coming to some decision
To conclude,
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Para terminar, / concluir,

To sum up,
Resumiendo, / En resumen, / Para recapitular,
Briefly,
En suma, / En sntesis, / En resumen, / En pocas palabras,
In brief,
En suma, / En sntesis, / En resumen,
In all,
En total,
In short,
En resumen, / Resumiendo,
In conclusion,
Para concluir, / Como conclusin,
In summary,
En resumen,
To cut a long story short,
En pocas palabras,
Lastly,
Por ltimo,
I will sum up by saying
Resumir diciendo
I shall / will / can conclude by saying
Concluyo diciendo
All this suggests that
Todo esto indica
Therefore,
Por lo tanto, / Por consiguiente,
Finally,
Por ltimo, / Para finalizar,
And last but not least,
Por ltimo pero no por ello menos importante,
The conclusion to be drawn from this is that
La conclusin que se saca de esto es que
We should all work elbow to elbow in this respect
Deberamos todos trabajar codo con codo en cuanto a esto / en lo que a esto se refiere /
en este sentido
Weighing up the pros and cons, / To weigh up the pros and cons,
Sopesando los pros y los contras,
All things considered, I think that
Bien considerado / mirado, creo que
On balance, I am in favour of the idea of provided that
A fin de cuentas, estoy a favor de la idea de siempre y cuando

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2
Modelos de
exmenes propuestos

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Modelos de exmenes propuestos

1. Benidorm
Duracin: 45 minutos
Benidorm
Benidorm was founded on May 8, 1325 when Bernart de Sarri, lord of the Barony of Polop, deigned to grant
it a Carta de Poblamiento, or town charter. But it was in the 1960s when this cheerful Alicante town became worldfamous. More and more Spaniards from the centre of the country began to head out to the beaches, lured by all the
attractions of progress. The beach of Benidorm along with those of the Costa del Sol became the coastal
destination par excellence, the typical summer postcard location, and a kind of flagship resort for tourism.
Naturally, this world of delights was not without its own pop music festival, similar to San Remos, which had
been held ever since 1959. It was here that the eras much celebrated suecas, or Swedish girls, met up with the its
equally famous large Spanish families arriving in tiny Seat 600s on the national highway. People were drawn in
droves to the beach, and Benidorm, with hotels springing up left, right and centre, would end up as one of the
Mediterraneans major tourist resorts. Back then, everything smelled of suntan oil, of sangria and paella.
Memba, Javier. (2006). Benidorm Discovered, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What did the beach of Benidorm become?
b. How did Benidorm end up?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Spaniards began going to Benidorm because...
a. they wanted to meet Swedish girls.
b. there were many hotels.
c. they were attracted by the fascination of progress.
2. Benidorm...
a. is in the Barony of Polop.
b. became a Mecca for tourism.
c. has scarcely any hotels.
3. Swedish girls...
a. smelled of suntan oil.
b. met up with large Spanish families.
c. were drawn in droves to the beach.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Benidorm pop music festival didnt begin in 1959.
b. In the 1960s, Benidorm smelled of paella.
c. Spaniards came to Benidorm attracted by progress.
d. Since it was founded, Benidorm has always been a resort for tourism.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Is sun-and-beach tourism good? Give reasons.
b. Describe your ideal type of fashionable resort.
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2. e-Piracy
Duracin: 45 minutos
e-Piracy
The music industry has announced an intensification of its campaign against illegal downloads and filesharing. They say that we should buy music online legitimately, instead of risking the legal consequences of an illegal
action. There are now more than 100 legal online music sites in Europe offering more than one million songs.
The objective of this campaign is the users of eMule / EDonkey, Gnutella or KaZaA. This is a warning that
illegal uploaders are not immune from legal action, whichever service they are using. If you upload music with
copyright on the Internet without permission, you can be fined and charged with acting illegally. This is against the law
in Europe and internationally and maybe you have to pay a compensation of several thousand euros.
Illegal file-sharing has contributed to the decline in global music sales all over the world. In the USA the sales
went down in more than six billion dollars in the last five years. For this reason the campaigns around the world
included media advertising, university and school projects and instant messages sent directly to people using
unauthorised services.
The fight against online music piracy has become the subject of daily debate in the media, in the government
and in ordinary households.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does the music industry advise us to do?
b. How important is the decline in global music sales?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. The music industry has announced...
a. that downloads are permitted.
b. an intensification of illegal downloads.
c. a major campaign to fight illegal downloads.
2. Illegal file-sharing...
a. has ruined the global music sales.
b. is immune to legal action.
c. is not against the law internationally.
3. Uploading music with copyright
a. is illegal.
b. is not illegal if you have permission.
c. is legal.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. The aim of the campaign is to warn illegal uploaders.
b. Music industry encourages us to share our music.
c. Everybody gets messages from the music industry.
d. Music piracy has become a subject even in family discussions.
4. Write a composition. (60-80 words) Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.
b. Is the music you buy yours?
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 24

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3. Mussels
Duracin: 45 minutos
Mussels
Rich in high-quality proteins and minerals like iron, zinc, potassium and phosphorus, mussels are a luxury rich
in nutrition. They feed us, of course, but they also support many people: It is calculated that in Galicia around 18,000
people make their living from the millions of orange bivalves that grow by the millions in the 3,200 cages staked
throughout the regions rias, or saltwater inlets.
Egg-laying takes place in March and in early summer. Three months later, the tiny larvae that havent been
eaten by predators affix themselves to rocks on the coast. There workers begin collecting the mussels one by one.
The next step is the cage: the bivalves are attached to cords with a kind of biodegradable sling and then submerged
under a platform. Within a year, the mussels weight will have increased by a factor of ten. They then select the
largest ones and return them to the cord where they continue to mature for at least another year.
In the factory, the culinary process is short and simple. The bivalves are steamed and then shelled, and quickfried to get rid of all remaining body water. From there they go to a tin to swim in brine and await their unquestioned
moment of glory, the cocktail hour.
Gmez, Ernesto. (2006). Mussels. The tasting, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why are mussels so nutritious?
b. What process do mussels undergo to be canned?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Many people in Galicia...
a. support mussels.
b. live thanks to mussels.
c. make a collection of mussels.
2. Mussels lay their eggs
a. and many of them are eaten by predators.
b. in midsummer.
c. by the millions.
3. The culinary process...
a. consists of four steps.
b. is quick.
c. takes place in the cocktail hour.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Millions of people make their living from mussels in Galicia.
b. Rocks with larvae are taken to cages to mature for a year.
c. In a year, mussels increase ten times their weight.
d. In three years, the mussels are sent to a tin.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. What do you think of fish farms?
b. Compare craft work with factory work.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 25

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4. Martin Luther King

Duracin: 45 minutos
Martin Luther King
Each year, Americans celebrate Martin Luther King's birthday by honouring him and remembering his life and
involvement in the civil rights movement.
To millions of black Americans, King was the prophet who gave eloquent voice to their struggle for racial
equality. He was their voice of anguish, their battle cry for human dignity, the man who forged for them a powerful
new weapon non-violent protest as a tactic in fighting segregation. 'Non-violent protest is the most effective
weapon of an oppressed people' was a King maxim in the face of every provocation.
To millions of white Americans, he was one of a group of leaders who preserved the bridge of communication
between races when racial warfare threatened the United States in the mid 1960s.
King won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for 'consistently asserting the principle of non-violence'. He was the
third black, the 12th American, and the youngest man ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
In accepting the award at Oslo, Norway, King said he did so on behalf of millions of American blacks striving
to end the long night of racial injustice.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why do Americans celebrate Martin Luther King's birthday?
b. Which was Martin Luther King's attitude towards violence?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. What does the text say about King's birthday?
a. King's birthday is not celebrated in the USA.
b. Americans celebrate King's birthday every two years.
c. Americans celebrate King's birthday every year.
2. Who was Martin Luther King?
a. He was a white leader who preserved the bridge of communication between races.
b. He was a black leader who preserved the bridge of communication between races.
c. He was a leader who defended violence.
3. In the mid 1960s
a. King won an important award.
b. King favoured racial warfare.
c. King was the 12th black American to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Luther King was a fervent supporter of non-violence.
b. Martin Luther King thought non-violent protest was the most useful means to fight for
discriminated people.
c. King was the twelfth American to get the Nobel Prize.
d. Martin Luther King built a bridge between white and black Americans.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Civil rights in Spain.
b. Immigration and civil rights.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 26

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5. London
Duracin: 45 minutos
London
London is located in the south of England and on the River Thames, which crosses the city from the
southwest to the east. It has a population of over 14 million inhabitants and is the largest urban zone in the European
Union.
London, whose ancient name was Londinium, is a beautiful city full of gardens and parks, where you can not
only walk but also lie on the green grass and relax. It is famous for its pubs, where drinks and meals are served.
Samuel Johnson* said when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. There is such variety of places, it is
not easy to choose: from the best museums in the world and smart churches, to markets and shops, without forgetting
libraries, art galleries, concerts, plays, films and live shows
In spite of Londons winters, chilly and rainy, autumns are mild and summers are glorious. However, the best
of London is the diverse range of peoples and languages, whose cultures are not only respected, but also fostered *,
making London the leading global city and also the worlds largest financial city.
*

Samuel Johnson: an 18th century English author who wrote the Dictionary of the English Language.

foster: help, promote, support.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why is London considered the leading global city?
b. What does when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life mean?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. In English pubs you can
a. drink, but not eat.
b. eat and have beer, wine or spirits.
c. drink and eat.
2. In London parks and gardens
a. you cant walk on the grass.
b. you have to walk along the paths.
c. you can walk and lie on the grass.
3. London weather is
a. cold in winter, but rainy in autumn.
b. cold and wet in winter, but fine in other seasons.
c. fine in spring, but chilly and rainy in winter.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. The River Thames flows through London.
b. There are more than 14 million people in London.
c. London used to be called Londinium.
d. London museums are not the best ones in the world.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Describe your hometown.
b. Describe a city, a town or a village you have visited.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 27

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6. Drinking while pregnant makes child like alcohol

Duracin: 45 minutos
Drinking while pregnant makes child like alcohol
Drinking while pregnant can produce children who will find alcohol attractive, a study suggests.
The researchers said teenagers found the smell of alcohol more appealing if their mothers had drunk while
they were in the womb, and this could increase their chances of suffering a drink problem in later life.
The study, carried out in pregnant rats, showed that by the time offspring hit adolescence they responded
more strongly to the smell of alcohol on others if they had been exposed to it before they were born. This happens to
all mammals, including humans, they believe, because it is evolutionary important for a child to like foods eaten by its
parents.
By contrast, rats whose mothers were not given alcohol while pregnant were not as attracted to the smell.
Guidelines announced last year warned women that they should not drink alcohol at all while pregnant,
despite no evidence that having an occasional glass of wine was harmful.
On the other hand, a new research indicated that increasing the tax on alcohol could reduce problem drinking
as a higher cost led to people drinking less.
From The Daily Telegraph. January 2009.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What have the researchers demonstrated in their study?
b. How could alcohol drinking be reduced?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. If mothers drink alcohol during their pregnancy
a. they will have a drinking problem later.
b. their sons and daughters will find alcohol more attractive.
c. theyll get drunk.
2. The smell of alcohol
a. attracts the pregnant rats.
b. attracts adolescent rats.
c. attracts young rats whose mothers drunk alcohol while pregnant.
3. Having an occasional glass of wine
a. is dangerous for the offspring.
b. is not harmful to pregnant women.
c. is something no woman should do.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Drinking while pregnant will produce children who will find alcohol attractive.
b. Drinking mothers could increase their offsprings chances of having drink problems.
c. There is evidence that having a cup of wine is healthy.
d. More expensive alcohol would make people drink less.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Young people drinking alcohol in Spain.
b. More expensive alcohol leads to drinking less.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 28

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7. Dreams
Duracin: 45 minutos
Dreams
We all dream, even those who deny it. We do it every night, as routinely as we eat or walk during the day.
And yet we hardly know anything about dreams. For the average mortal, forgetfulness quickly transforms them into
hazy second-hand anecdotes. For researchers, they are so inaccessible that they defy definition.
For the now renowned Sigmund Freud, born in Vienna on the 6th of May, 1856, dreams were the disguised
expression of a repressed desire. The psychologist Calvin Hall, on the other hand, defined them as pictorial
metaphors of real life whose purpose is to clarify, rather than to obscure, thoughts.
It goes without saying that inquiries into this state in which we spend some 58,444 hours throughout our lives
(2 per night on average) are not plentiful. But some American researchers have gone through the trouble of
translating the world of dreams into percentages. One of the pioneers in the field, the aforementioned Calvin Hall,
carried out a study thanks to which nowadays we know some very important aspects of our other life. Like, for
example, that the number of people that appear in the majority of dreams is three (85 %). The most common setting is
the home (30 %) and the most usual feelings (in decreasing order) are: fear, anxiety, happiness, excitement, and
sadness.
Nieto, Silvia. (2006). 150 years since Freuds birth, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does forgetfulness do to our dreams?
b. What important research did Calvin Hall carry out?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Dreams...
a. are easily defined.
b. are mere anecdotes.
c. are very hard to explain.
2. According to Freud...
a. our dreams were repressed.
b. dreams are an expression of our desires.
c. dreams are meaningless.
3. When we are dreaming...
a. home hardly appears.
b. there usually are a lot of people.
c. the most common feeling is fear.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Some people say they dont dream, but everybody does.
b. According to Mr Hall, dreams are images that make our lives easier to understand.
c. Many researches on dreams have been made.
d. The most usual feeling when dreaming is feeling at home.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Tell a nightmare. Try to interpret it.
b. What do you think dreams tell us about?
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 29

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8. Muzak
Duracin: 45 minutos
Muzak
One moment, please. As your telephone call is put on hold, music suddenly swells through the receiver.
Muzak, the background music so familiar to us today in public places as well as on the telephone, was invented by
General George Squier in 1922. It was originally designed to increase productivity in the workplace but it has also had
other purposes; for example, in the 1920s, Muzak was introduced into the lifts of skyscrapers to calm the passengers.
But, can background music control behaviour as well as feelings? Psychology Professor Adrian North
conducted a study to discover if this music could influence customers choices. His team arranged for a supermarket
to play French accordion and German brass-band music at different times to see if this affected the sale of wines from
these countries. The wines were clearly labelled and identified by country name and flag to avoid confusion, and the
prices of the wines were comparable.
After two weeks, the results were clear. When the German music was broadcast, 73% of the wine sold was
German. Conversely, when the French music was aired, 77% of the wine sold was French. Most of the customers
interviewed after doing their shopping insisted that they had no preference for either countrys wine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why was background music originally designed?
b. What did Professor Adrian North want to discover?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Muzak...
a. was already quite familiar in the 1920s.
b. is the music that you hear while you are in a concert.
c. was invented to boost productivity.
2. A study shows that...
a. if music is sounded in a supermarket, the sales increase.
b. when French accordion was heard, the sale of French wine raised.
c. wines must be clearly labelled and identified.
3. Adrian North discovered that...
a. his team liked accordion and brass-band music.
b. the prices of the French and German wines were comparable.
c. music influenced the type of wine sold.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Muzak was introduced into the lifts of skyscrapers to make people work harder.
b. Background music can control our feelings.
c. The 73 % of the time, German wine was sold.
d. Customers had previous preference for French wines.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Are we really free to make our choices?
b. Write about your plans for next summer.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 30

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9. Marats death
Duracin: 45 minutos
Marats death
The French Revolution of 1789 gave way to the bloody Reign of Terror, in which thousands of French citizens
were beheaded. In particular, it was the Jacobin journalist and political extremist Jean Paul Marat who, from the
pages of his newspaper called The Friend of the People, most fervently encouraged the use of violence against
opponents of the new regime. Marats daily columns were read with dread, since every name that appeared ended up
as fodder for the guillotine.
This terrible sense of unease provoked a young woman named Charlotte de Corday -a sympathizer of the
Girondists, a moderate faction of the Assembly of the French Convention- who tried to single-handedly stop the rage,
words and bloody writings of the revolutionary leader. Under the pretext of providing him with a list of traitors, the
young lady arrived at his house on July 13, 1793 and stabbed him several times, eventually killing him.
Charlotte de Corday was arrested and executed four days later. Her last words were: I killed him so that my
country could finally live in peace. Unfortunately, this objective was unattainable for her.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What happened during the Reign of Terror?
b. Why was Marat so feared?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Jean Paul Marat...
a. killed many people.
b. supported violence as a political weapon.
c. was against the new regime.
2. Charlotte de Corday...
a. led a conspiracy to kill Marat.
b. was a radical supporter of the French Revolution.
c. killed Marat with a knife.
3. Charlotte de Cordays last words...
a. reflected the successfulness of her objectives.
b. showed she had failed.
c. justified her crime.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. A period of unease followed the early days of French Revolution.
b. Charlotte de Corday was a member of the Assembly of the French Convention.
c. Marat called The Friend of the People to encourage violence.
d. Charlotte de Corday achieved her political aims, but was executed four days later.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Is the influence of the French Revolution alive nowadays?
b. Violence and society.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 31

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10. Steps to nationhood

Duracin: 45 minutos
Steps to nationhood
Australia's first settlers were the Aboriginals, hunters and food gatherers who are believed to have migrated from Asia
4,000 years ago. They lived undisturbed for many centuries, during which the only other visitors to Australia may have been
Indonesian traders who sailed to the continent's north-west coast. Australia however remained a mystery to the rest of the world
until less than 400 years ago.
Although a "Terra Australis" -a Great South Land- was shown on maps as early as the second century AD, its actual
existence was not confirmed until the 17th century as a result of Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch mercantile expansion into Asia.
The first Englishman to visit the continent was the buccaneer William Dampier, who landed on the north-west coast of
what is now the State of Western Australia in 1688. In 1770 Captain James Cook of the British Navy sighted the east of the
continent, charted it, and after travelling up the coast landed at Botany Bay.
The first European settlement of the continent occurred on 26 January 1788, when Captain Arthur Phillips landed at
Sydney Cove (now Port Jackson) near Botany Bay and established a penal settlement. He took possession of the whole of the
eastern part of the continent which he named New South Wales.
The first white settlers were convicts and their soldier guards and some tradesmen sent to help establish the new penal
colony. Although at first struggling in a harsh, alien land and dependent on supplies from Britain, the colony began to reach inland
from what is now Sydney. The hinterland was explored, farms were developed, and eventually the colony became self-sufficient in
most foods.
Geoffrey Bolton. The Courier. December 1988.

Glossary
food gatherer: recolector de alimentos
AD: (Anno Domini), DC (despus de Cristo)
to sight: divisar
to chart: trazar el mapa
harsh: dura, rigurosa
hinterland: tierra adentro

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Where are the first settlers supposed to have come from and what was their life like?
b. How did the first European people settle in Australia?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. The Aboriginals...
a. reached Australia 400 years ago.
b. lived in Australia for centuries.
c. lived in Australias north-west coast.
2. Australia...
a. became a colony 4,000 years ago.
b. was discovered by Dampier.
c. was known as early as the 2nd century AD.
3. The first white settlement was...
a. in 1668.
b. in 1770.
c. in 1788.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. William Dampier established a settlement in 1668.
b. Sydney Cove was a settlement established in 1788.
c. The first settlers were traders, convicts and soldier guards.
d. The existence of Australia was confirmed in the 1700s.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Would you go to a remote land and stay there? Say why.
b. Clash of cultures.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 32

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11. Terrorism and tourism

Duracin: 45 minutos
Terrorism and tourism
The immediate effect of a terrorist attack is likely to be cancellation of bookings to the location where the
event took place and a reduction of new reservations.
The effect may well extend beyond the specific location in which the event occurred because as in the case of
the Gulf War, which had global implications, the situation may be extended to a larger area in the minds of potential
visitors.
For those who still persist in visiting the area, there may be bargains, cheap flights, reduced accommodation
rates and lack of crowding.
However, there may also be changes in the quality of their experience, as they are exposed to searches,
delays and increased military presence.
Luggage charges usually go up as security measures are strengthened.
Despite all this, a survey conducted over American citizens found that less than half of them would be enticed
to travel overseas by airline promotions after a terrorist attack.
Moreover, in order to counteract the unfavourable image created by terrorism, a larger amount of money must
be spent on public relations, advertising and promotion campaigns.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What are the negative effects of a terrorist attack? (Name two at least).
b. What are the advantages of travelling to a destination where a terrorist attack has taken
place? (Name two at least).
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. After a terrorist attack...
a. books are likely to be cancelled.
b. new reservations decrease.
c. people dont travel.
2. Tourists who still persist on travelling after a terrorist attack...
a. would find cheaper opportunities.
b. will travel faster because the lack of crowding.
c. will have a quality experience.
3. American citizens...
a. would travel overseas after a terrorist attack.
b. conducted a survey on terrorism.
c. are offered airline promotions after a terrorist attack.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. The effect of a terrorist attack may affect other countries in the area.
b. The majority of American citizens like to travel after a terrorist attack.
c. Military presence is quite unusual in countries affected by terrorism.
d. Tourist companies don't have to spend a lot of money on promotion campaigns.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Imagine a friend invites you to spend a week in a dangerous destination.
b. Victims of terrorism.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 33

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12. The digital divide

Duracin: 45 minutos
The digital divide
A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet
access has risen. These people, who are known as 'net refuseniks', make up 44% of UK households, or 11.2 million
people in total.
The research also showed that more than 70 percent of these people said that they were not interested in
getting connected to the internet. This number has risen from just over 50% in 2005, with most giving lack of
computer skills as a reason for not getting internet access, though some also said it was because of the cost.
More and more people are getting broadband and high speed net is available almost everywhere in the UK,
but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to take the first step.
The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see the main challenge
to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would encourage them to get connected before they
are left too far behind. The gap between those who have access to and use the internet is the digital divide, and if the
gap continues to widen, those without access will get left behind and miss out on many opportunities, especially in
their careers.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What has a recent survey in the United Kingdom shown?
b. Why has the number of people not interested in getting connected to the internet risen?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. 'Net refuseniks'...
a. do not want internet access.
b. are a majority in the United Kingdom.
c. have led a recent survey.
2. They refuse to getting connected to the internet...
a. mainly because of the cost.
b. because they are afraid of it.
c. mainly because they do not know to use new technologies.
3. The digital divide will continue to widen...
a. if the cost of getting online goes down and interned speed increases.
b. if 'net refuseniks' do not see the relevance of the internet.
c. if people refuse to take the first step.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. The majority of people in the UK are 'net refuseniks'.
b. There are more and more British who do not use the internet.
c. The main causes of the digital divide are the cost and the internet speed.
d. The digital divide is widening because some people do not understand the importance of the
internet.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. The world without the internet.
b. New technologies.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 34

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13. The kiwi savers

Duracin: 45 minutos
The kiwi savers
New Zealand is the home of the kiwi. This unique bird is the international symbol and you will see it
everywhere: on keyrings and T-shirts. In fact, youll see it everywhere except where it should be: in the wild.
Experts estimate that there were once more than 20 million kiwis across New Zealand. Today, numbers of
this noisy nocturnal bird have decreased to just 70,000.
Kiwis dont fly, like the ostrich and emu. They explore the forest floor with their long beaks in search of worms,
which are their favourite food. They use their powerful feet to keep their attackers away.
However, nothing could protect kiwis from the settlers *, who devastated New Zealands native habitat, and
from predators, like the cats, dogs and rats the Europeans introduced in the country. Operation Nest Egg is a
programme to save the kiwis by restoring and protecting native habitats.
The project has received enormous public support and will help the kiwi population take off once again.
Adapted from Speak Up magazine. N. 294.
*

settlers: people who go to live in a new country.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why is the kiwi and endangered species?
b. How is the rescue programme helping the kiwi?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Kiwis...
a. are New Zealands pets .
b. arrived to New Zealand flying.
c. use their feet to defence themselves.
2. Operation Nest Egg...
a. has achieved to raise kiwiss numbers rise to more than 20 million.
b. tries to bring back kiwiss native habitat.
c. has achieved New Zealands population take off again.
3. The Europeans...
a. introduced new species in New Zealand.
b. brought predators to destroy kiwis because it was noisy.
c. liked to eat kiwis.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. The kiwis live in most New Zealand forests.
b. The population of kiwis has increased to 20 million.
c. The kiwis couldnt fight cats and dogs.
d. Operation Nest Egg is a very popular programme.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Endangered species in your country.
b. What can you do to protect nature?
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 35

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14. Underwear
Duracin: 45 minutos
Underwear
The history of underwear is full of curiosities. Brassieres, for example, were already in use among Roman
ladies. They were called strophium and consisted of strips of cloth that wrapped around and held the breast. It is also
known that, much earlier, women on Crete used a kind of corset that served the same purpose. But it wasnt until the
end of the nineteenth century that they first designed bras like those we use today. The cleverest of all was Mary
Phelps Jacob, from the U.S.A. She got her model patented in 1914. A short while later, she sold her idea to the
Warner Brothers Corset Company for $15,000. I have no idea whether they were related to the ones who worked in
the movie industry. Or were they the very same ones? I think I just got the link between Daffy Duck and underwear.
In the case of men, the earliest loincloths, known as fundoshi in Japan and still worn by Sumo wrestlers, were
a fairly scanty affair. Gradually, as a result of the contact between Romans and the Gallic tribes, more and more cloth
was required until it reached its apogee of bodily coverage in the 19th century as the typical long johns you see in
westerns. The first mens briefs werent patented until 1934.
Josep Toms Torres (2006). Sex guide, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What was the strophium like?
b. Why was Mrs Jacob clever?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Womens underwear has been used...
a. since the beginning of the 20th century.
b. since the end of the 19th century.
c. since the times of the Greeks.
2. Corsets worn by women in Crete...
a. had a similar use to older brassieres.
b. were like modern brassieres.
c. were copied by Mary Phelps Jacob and sold to Warner Brothers Corset Co.
3. Mens underwear...
a. requires more and more cloth.
b. was scarce long time ago.
c. wasnt used until the 20th century.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. The bra is a recent invention.
b. The use of heavy underwear reached its zenith in the 19th century.
c. Long johns were used as a result of the contact between Romans and Gauls.
d. Fundoshis are heavy loincloths.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Well-dressed or comfortable? Are both compatible?
b. Clothes and personality.
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15. Web careers

Duracin: 45 minutos
Web careers
Nowadays there are plenty of jobs connected with the Internet on the market. Here are two people who
already work on the net.
Jacqui Richards is a writer at worldpop.com, a new global music website which started two years ago. She
researches stories by surfing the Net and calling contacts. 'I've decided to write for the Internet because it's where I
was going to find the latest information on bands. I was already addicted to surfing and looking at all the interview and
music clips you don't get in regular magazines. I love the speed and pace of writing for the web. I can research a story
in the morning and see it on the web in the afternoon, which is really fantastic. Newspapers will have the same story
the next day and some magazines up to six weeks later. Getting in there first is really stimulating, and so is the fact
that your stories are being read around the world, and what's important, before your rivals.'
Logan Fisher, meanwhile, is creative director at Plug 1, a company that develops websites for clients. His job
is to create pages that are visually exciting and informative. 'My job is 90% creative and 10% software knowledge.
There are a lot of people entering web design who have the technical knowledge but no creative background. You
need to be trained in graphic design (...) to know basic colour theories, sound and animation (...) and also make it
easy to navigate. All in all is a lot of work.'

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does Jacqui Richards love best of her job?
b. What does a website developer do?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Jacqui
a. has got important rivals.
b. enjoys working fast.
c. has to do surfing in the summer.
2. Logan
a. thinks his job is hard work.
b. has to write books about Internet.
c. has a very technical job.
3. worldpop.com
a. gets its stories after appearing in the newspapers.
b. is a website on music that has been working for two years.
c. is really fantastic.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. There are magazines that publish the stories up to six weeks later.
b. Plug 1 is a firm that creates websites on demand.
c. It is not easy to create a visually exciting and informative website.
d. Logan Fisher creates pages for worldpop.com.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. What is Logan's job and what does he think about his job?
b. Do you think the Internet is important?
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16. What is BookCrossing?

Duracin: 45 minutos
What is BookCrossing?
Do you like reading but cant afford to buy books? If so, you may be interested in the worldwide book club that
aims to make the whole world a library. Ron Hornbaker founded the BookCrossing website (www.bookcrossing.com)
so that people can share the books they have enjoyed reading with other people.
All you have to do is follow these three simple steps. First of all you have to read a good book. Next you
register the book on the website with your comments and youll be given a BookCrossing identification number which
you write inside the book. Finally you release the book for someone else to find. You can give the book to a friend,
leave it on a park bench, or even forget to take it with you when you leave a coffee shop. Now you just have to wait!
When another person picks up the book, he or she will see the BookCrossing information and ID number inside the
book and go to the website and say that the book has been found. The process can then be repeated!
BookCrossing operates all over the world. In Spain, Barcelona and Madrid are the cities which have the most
books registered. Perhaps one day you will be lucky enough to find an interesting book on the metro in Madrid or in a
cinema in Barcelona. If you do, remember to record it on the website, read it and release it and the whole process can
continue!

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does BookCrossing intend to do?
b. What should you write in the book before you release it?
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. The objective of this book club is
a. to get rid of the books you dont like.
b. to share interesting books with other people.
c. to buy cheap books.
d. to read books on the Internet.
2. You can find these released books
a. in most countries around the world.
b. in Spain and Great Britain.
c. in Madrid and Barcelona.
d. in the USA.
3. If you find one of the books
a. you take to the library.
b. you read it and liberate it again.
c. you read it and give it back to its owner.
d. you send it to BookCrossing.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. Ron Hornbaker created BookCrossing so that people could read cheaply.
b. The city you live in must be registered to take part in BookCrossing.
c. Once you have read the book, you keep it.
d. Sharing is the idea on which BookCrossing is based.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Write a description of the last book, comic or poem that you read.
b. Write about an exciting experience, event or trip in your life.

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17. The European Green Capital Award

Duracin: 45 minutos
The European Green Capital Award
Following Stockholm in 2010 and Hamburg in 2011, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) and Nantes (France) will be The European
Green Capitals for 2012 and 2013.
The award of European Green Capital is given each year to a European city that has made exceptional efforts to protect
the environment and to achieve sustainable development. The judges decision is based on eleven environmental criteria such as:
local transport, green urban areas, quality of air, noise, waste production and management and water consumption.
Inhabitants of the city centre of Vitoria-Gasteiz do not live more than 300 metres away from a green space. The city has
also made an enormous effort to reduce its water consumption, and aims to bring it down to less than 100 litres a day per person.
Nantes, the winner of 2013, has an ambitious transport policy. It was the first French town to reintroduce electric trams,
and it now has a desirable air quality and expects to reduce CO2 emissions by a quarter by 2020.
Europe is now an essentially urban society, with four out of five Europeans living in towns and cities. Our well-being is
closely linked to the quality of our urban environment. The aim of the Green Capital Award is to make winning cities models and
inspire other European cities to improve the quality of life of their citizens.
(Adapted from European Commission News: http://ec.europa.eu/news/environment/101022_1_en.htm)

Vocabulary:
award: prize or money given to the winner of a contest or competition.
to achieve: to complete something successfully or get good results.

waste: not wanted material or substances after use.

aim: objective, goal.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering (Total score: 10 points)
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (1.0 points each = 2.0 points)
a. What must a European city do to win the European Green Capital Award?
b. What has the 2012 winner city achieved?
2. Underline the best option. (0.5 points each = 1.50 points)
a. The European Green Capital Award
1. has already been given to 4 cities.
2. is given to a different European city every year.
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct.
b. Nantes
1. has improved its air quality.
2. will increase its CO2 emissions by a quarter by 2020.
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct.
c. The aim of the award is
1. have more parks in European cities.
2. offer examples of good practice to European cities.
3. reintroduce electric trams in European cities.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.5 points each = 1.50 points)
a. 80% of Europeans live in urban areas.
b. Vitoria-Gasteiz has a lot of water consumption.
c. The winner of the award is selected by European cities.
4. Choose one of the following topics and write a text 60-80 words long (5 points)
a. What can you do in your daily life to protect the environment?
b. What would you do to improve the quality of life in your town or city?

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18. Finland: first in class

Duracin: 45 minutos
Finland: first in class
Finland is recognised worldwide for its top ranking education model. Foreign delegations frequently visit the
country to try and discover the secret of its success. Euronews spent a day at a school in the capital Helsinki to find
out more about the philosophy behind the Finnish system.
Finland has the shortest formal teaching hours in Europe and the best educational results. Finnish children
stay with the same class and the same teacher for at least six years which makes school like an extension of home.
In Finland, competition to become a teacher is so fierce that all teachers have a Masters degree.
Helj Misukka, the Secretary of State for Education, told Euronews: What is also maybe quite special in
Finland is that teachers are quite autonomous in what they do, so they can, for example, choose the materials they
like or the pedagogy they use. They have a lot of freedom in their work.
The accent is on music, sport and the arts. Children learn by playing and experimenting in groups, like the
science class. Playtime is an important part of learning. There are a lot of breaks and even in winter children are
encouraged to play outdoors. The children are trusted.
However, Charles Leadbeater, a global education analyst told us: We shouldnt think that it is the only model
that we should follow; its one very effective model in teaching, learning and schooling, but its not necessarily the
only, or in some cases the best, model to improve education.
(Adapted from www.euronews.net/learningworld 5/11/10)

Vocabulary:
Finnish: from Finland

Secretary of State: in Finland, highest official under each minister of the Government

fierce: intense

schooling: education given at school

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering (Total score: 10 points)
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (1.0 points each = 2.0 points)
a. Why is school considered in Finland an extension of home?
b. What are two characteristics of the Finnish Education system?
2. Underline the best option. (0.5 points each = 1.0 points)
a. In Finland, becoming a teacher is
1. easy.
2. demanding.
3. autonomous.
b. In Finland, teachers have
1. the same students for a minimum of six years.
2. autonomy in their professional activity.
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.5 points each = 1.0 points)
a. Subjects like music, sport and arts are a priority in the Finnish education system.
b. According to Charles Leadbeater, the Finnish education system is the best model to improve education in other
countries.
4. Find a word in the text which means (0.5 points each = 1.0 points)
a. to get better:
b. internationally:
5. Choose one of the following topics and write a text 60-80 words long (5.0 points)
a. Write about your school days.
b. What are, in your opinion, positive and negative aspects about the Spanish education system?

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19. Brazil prepares for tourist boom

Duracin: 45 minutos
Brazil prepares for tourist boom
Brazil is preparing for major tourist invasion as two of the worlds biggest sporting events will be organized in
the country in the coming years: the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Summer Games in Rio de
Janeiro.
Brazil is expecting twice the number of visitors that it has in normal years. In 2010, about 5 million visitors
came to the country. That is a very low number compared to France which has almost 80 million visitors a year and
the US with 60 million.
There are two main reasons why Brazil has not been a popular tourist destination. First, it is far away from
Europe and flight costs make it an expensive place to go to. Secondly, the countrys crime rate has discouraged many
potential tourists.
Brazils economy is successful and the money that it is generating is being invested in infrastructure and
projects for the future. Airports are being improved, roads are being built and public transportation expanded. New
hotels are being constructed and more and more people are being employed in tourism-related jobs.
The Brazilian government hopes that these sporting events will give the country a great tourism expansion.
Once tourists are in the country, they should not only concentrate on the sporting events but also on the spectacular
attractions that Brazil has to offer, like the Iguau Falls in the south, or the Amazon rainforest in the north and central
parts of the country. During the two big events police forces supported by army units will be patrolling the streets to
give visitors the feeling of safety.
(Adapted article from http://www.english-online.at)

Vocabulary:
rate: amount, percentage

falls: movement of water to a lower position

patrolling: guarding, protecting

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering (Total score: 10 points)
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (1 point each = 2 points)
a. Why is Brazil expecting an important tourism expansion in the coming years?
b. What are the two examples of the countrys development to prepare for that tourism expansion?
2. Underline the best option. (0.5 points each = 1 point)
a. Compared to Brazil, France has
1. a higher number of tourists.
2. a lower number of tourists.
3. twice the number of tourists.
b. Visitors coming to Brazils sporting events should also
1. be employed in tourism-related jobs.
2. enjoy the countrys tourist attractions.
3. patrol the streets to feel safe.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.5 points each = 1 point)
a. Brazil has been considered a safe country for tourists.
b. Brazil is an expensive country to live in.
4. Find a synonym in the text for these words (0.5 points each = 1 point)
a. distant:
b. security:
5. Choose one of the following topics and write a text 60-80 words long (5 points)
a. Write about your best holiday experience.
b. Do you think Valencia/Spain is a popular tourist destination? Why?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 41

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CFGS Ingls Pg.: 42

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3
Solucionario

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Solucionario
1. Benidorm
Duracin: 45 minutos
Benidorm
Benidorm was founded on May 8, 1325 when Bernart de Sarri, lord of the Barony of
Polop, deigned to grant it a Carta de Poblamiento, or town charter. But it was in the 1960s when
this cheerful Alicante town became world-famous. More and more Spaniards from the centre of
the country began to head out to the beaches, lured by all the attractions of progress. The beach
of Benidorm along with those of the Costa del Sol became the coastal destination par
excellence, the typical summer postcard location, and a kind of flagship resort for tourism.
Naturally, this world of delights was not without its own pop music festival, similar to San
Remos, which had been held ever since 1959. It was here that the eras much celebrated suecas,
or Swedish girls, met up with the its equally famous large Spanish families arriving in tiny Seat
600s on the national highway. People were drawn in droves to the beach, and Benidorm, with
hotels springing up left, right and centre, would end up as one of the Mediterraneans major tourist
resorts. Back then, everything smelled of suntan oil, of sangria and paella.
Memba, Javier. (2006). Benidorm Discovered, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What did the beach of Benidorm become? It became one of the main attractions in the coast
for tourists.
b. How did Benidorm end up? It ended up as a one of the best tourist resorts of the
Mediterranean.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Spaniards began going to Benidorm because...
a. they wanted to meet Swedish girls.
b. there were many hotels.
c. they were attracted by the fascination of progress.
2. Benidorm...
a. is in the Barony of Polop.
b. became a Mecca for tourism.
c. has scarcely any hotels.
3. Swedish girls...
a. smelled of suntan oil.
b. met up with large Spanish families.
c. were drawn in droves to the beach.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Benidorm pop music festival didnt begin in 1959. F
b. In the 1960s, Benidorm smelled of paella. T
c. Spaniards came to Benidorm attracted by progress. T
d. Since it was founded, Benidorm has always been a resort for tourism. F
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Is sun-and-beach tourism good? Give reasons.
b. Describe your ideal type of fashionable resort.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 45

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2. e-Piracy
Duracin: 45 minutos
e-Piracy
The music industry has announced an intensification of its campaign against illegal
downloads and file-sharing. They say that we should buy music online legitimately, instead of
risking the legal consequences of an illegal action. There are now more than 100 legal online
music sites in Europe offering more than one million songs.
The objective of this campaign is the users of eMule / EDonkey, Gnutella or KaZaA. This is
a warning that illegal uploaders are not immune from legal action, whichever service they are
using. If you upload music with copyright on the Internet without permission, you can be fined and
charged with acting illegally. This is against the law in Europe and internationally and maybe you
have to pay a compensation of several thousand euros.
Illegal file-sharing has contributed to the decline in global music sales all over the world. In
the USA the sales went down in more than six billion dollars in the last five years. For this reason
the campaigns around the world included media advertising, university and school projects and
instant messages sent directly to people using unauthorised services.
The fight against online music piracy has become the subject of daily debate in the media,
in the government and in ordinary households.
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does the music industry advise us to do? They advise us to buy music online legally.
b. How important is the decline in global music sales? Only in the USA, the sales have
decreased dramatically, more than six billion dollars.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. The music industry has announced...
a. that downloads are permitted.
b. an intensification of illegal downloads.
c. a major campaign to fight illegal downloads.
2. Illegal file-sharing...
a. has ruined the global music sales.
b. is immune to legal action.
c. is not against the law internationally.
3. Uploading music with copyright
a. is illegal.
b. is not illegal if you have permission.
c. is legal.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. The aim of the campaign is to warn illegal uploaders. T
b. Music industry encourages us to share our music. F
c. Everybody gets messages from the music industry. F
d. Music piracy has become a subject even in family discussions. T
4. Write a composition. (60-80 words) Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.
b. Is the music you buy yours?

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3. Mussels
Duracin: 45 minutos
Mussels
Rich in high-quality proteins and minerals like iron, zinc, potassium and phosphorus,
mussels are a luxury rich in nutrition. They feed us, of course, but they also support many people:
It is calculated that in Galicia around 18,000 people make their living from the millions of orange
bivalves that grow by the millions in the 3,200 cages staked throughout the regions rias, or
saltwater inlets.
Egg-laying takes place in March and in early summer. Three months later, the tiny larvae
that havent been eaten by predators affix themselves to rocks on the coast. There workers begin
collecting the mussels one by one. The next step is the cage: the bivalves are attached to cords
with a kind of biodegradable sling and then submerged under a platform. Within a year, the
mussels weight will have increased by a factor of ten. They then select the largest ones and
return them to the cord where they continue to mature for at least another year.
In the factory, the culinary process is short and simple. The bivalves are steamed and then
shelled, and quick-fried to get rid of all remaining body water. From there they go to a tin to swim
in brine and await their unquestioned moment of glory, the cocktail hour.
Gmez, Ernesto. (2006). Mussels. The tasting, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why are mussels so nutritious? Because they are very rich in proteins and minerals.
b. What process do mussels undergo to be canned? First the mussels are steamed and
shelled, then quick fried and tinned to swim in brine.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Many people in Galicia...
a. support mussels.
b. live thanks to mussels.
c. make a collection of mussels.
2. Mussels lay their eggs
a. and many of them are eaten by predators.
b. in midsummer.
c. by the millions.
3. The culinary process...
a. consists of four steps.
b. is quick.
c. takes place in the cocktail hour.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Millions of people make their living from mussels in Galicia. F.
b. Rocks with larvae are taken to cages to mature for a year. F.
c. In a year, mussels increase ten times their weight. T.
d. In three years, the mussels are sent to a tin. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. What do you think of fish farms?
b. Compare craft work with factory work.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 49

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4. Martin Luther King

Duracin: 45 minutos
Martin Luther King
Each year, Americans celebrate Martin Luther King's birthday by honouring him and
remembering his life and involvement in the civil rights movement.
To millions of black Americans, King was the prophet who gave eloquent voice to their
struggle for racial equality. He was their voice of anguish, their battle cry for human dignity, the
man who forged for them a powerful new weapon non-violent protest as a tactic in fighting
segregation. 'Non-violent protest is the most effective weapon of an oppressed people' was a King
maxim in the face of every provocation.
To millions of white Americans, he was one of a group of leaders who preserved the bridge
of communication between races when racial warfare threatened the United States in the mid
1960s.
King won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for 'consistently asserting the principle of nonviolence'. He was the third black, the 12th American, and the youngest man ever to win the Nobel
Peace Prize.
In accepting the award at Oslo, Norway, King said he did so on behalf of millions of
American blacks striving to end the long night of racial injustice.
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why do Americans celebrate Martin Luther King's birthday? Americans celebrate Martin
Luther King's birthday because of his fight to achieve civil rights to black Americans.
b. Which was Martin Luther King's attitude towards violence? He defended non-violent protest
as an effective weapon to fighting segregation.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. What does the text say about King's birthday?
a. King's birthday is not celebrated in the USA.
b. Americans celebrate King's birthday every two years.
c. Americans celebrate King's birthday every year.
2. Who was Martin Luther King?
a. He was a white leader who preserved the bridge of communication between races.
b. He was a black leader who preserved the bridge of communication between races.
c. He was a leader who defended violence.
3. In the mid 1960s
a. King won an important award.
b. King favoured racial warfare.
c. King was the 12th black American to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Luther King was a fervent supporter of non-violence. T.
b. Martin Luther King thought non-violent protest was the most useful means to fight for
discriminated people. T.
c. King was the twelfth American to get the Nobel Prize. F.
d. Martin Luther King built a bridge between white and black Americans. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Civil rights in Spain.
b. Immigration and civil rights.

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5. London
Duracin: 45 minutos
London
London is located in the south of England and on the River Thames, which crosses the city
from the southwest to the east. It has a population of over 14 million inhabitants and is the largest
urban zone in the European Union.
London, whose ancient name was Londinium, is a beautiful city full of gardens and parks,
where you can not only walk but also lie on the green grass and relax. It is famous for its pubs,
where drinks and meals are served.
Samuel Johnson* said when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. There is such
variety of places, it is not easy to choose: from the best museums in the world and smart
churches, to markets and shops, without forgetting libraries, art galleries, concerts, plays, films
and live shows
In spite of Londons winters, chilly and rainy, autumns are mild and summers are glorious.
However, the best of London is the diverse range of peoples and languages, whose cultures are
not only respected, but also fostered *, making London the leading global city and also the worlds
largest financial city.
*

Samuel Johnson: an 18th century English author who wrote the Dictionary of the English Language.

foster: help, promote, support.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why is London considered the leading global city? It is because the wide range of cultures
the city respects and fosters.
b. What does when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life mean? It is so much London
offers you that if you are not attracted by any of its variety of places or activities, you must be
tired of life.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. In English pubs you can
a. drink, but not eat.
b. eat and have beer, wine or spirits.
c. drink and eat.
2. In London parks and gardens
a. you cant walk on the grass.
b. you have to walk along the paths.
c. you can walk and lie on the grass.
3. London weather is
a. cold in winter, but rainy in autumn.
b. cold and wet in winter, but fine in other seasons.
c. fine in spring, but chilly and rainy in winter.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 52

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. The River Thames flows through London. T
b. There are more than 14 million people in London. T
c. London used to be called Londinium. T
d. London museums are not the best ones in the world. F
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Describe your hometown.
b. Describe a city, a town or a village you have visited.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 53

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6. Drinking while pregnant makes child like alcohol

Duracin: 45 minutos
Drinking while pregnant makes child like alcohol
Drinking while pregnant can produce children who will find alcohol attractive, a study
suggests.
The researchers said teenagers found the smell of alcohol more appealing if their mothers
had drunk while they were in the womb, and this could increase their chances of suffering a drink
problem in later life.
The study, carried out in pregnant rats, showed that by the time offspring hit adolescence
they responded more strongly to the smell of alcohol on others if they had been exposed to it
before they were born. This happens to all mammals, including humans, they believe, because it
is evolutionary important for a child to like foods eaten by its parents.
By contrast, rats whose mothers were not given alcohol while pregnant were not as
attracted to the smell.
Guidelines announced last year warned women that they should not drink alcohol at all
while pregnant, despite no evidence that having an occasional glass of wine was harmful.
On the other hand, a new research indicated that increasing the tax on alcohol could
reduce problem drinking as a higher cost led to people drinking less.
From The Daily Telegraph. January 2009.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What have the researchers demonstrated in their study? The researchers demonstrated that
the smell of alcohol was more appealing to teenagers whose mothers had drunk alcohol
when pregnant.
b. How could alcohol drinking be reduced? It could be reduced by increasing the tax on
alcohol.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. If mothers drink alcohol during their pregnancy
a. they will have a drinking problem later.
b. their sons and daughters will find alcohol more attractive.
c. theyll get drunk.
2. The smell of alcohol
a. attracts the pregnant rats.
b. attracts adolescent rats.
c. attracts young rats whose mothers drunk alcohol while pregnant.
3. Having an occasional glass of wine
a. is dangerous for the offspring.
b. is not harmful to pregnant women.
c. is something no woman should do.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 54

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Drinking while pregnant will produce children who will find alcohol attractive. F.
b. Drinking mothers could increase their offsprings chances of having drink problems. T.
c. There is evidence that having a cup of wine is healthy. F.
d. More expensive alcohol would make people drink less. T.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Young people drinking alcohol in Spain.
b. More expensive alcohol leads to drinking less.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 55

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7. Dreams
Duracin: 45 minutos
Dreams
We all dream, even those who deny it. We do it every night, as routinely as we eat or walk
during the day. And yet we hardly know anything about dreams. For the average mortal,
forgetfulness quickly transforms them into hazy second-hand anecdotes. For researchers, they
are so inaccessible that they defy definition.
For the now renowned Sigmund Freud, born in Vienna on the 6th of May, 1856, dreams
were the disguised expression of a repressed desire. The psychologist Calvin Hall, on the other
hand, defined them as pictorial metaphors of real life whose purpose is to clarify, rather than to
obscure, thoughts.
It goes without saying that inquiries into this state in which we spend some 58,444 hours
throughout our lives (2 per night on average) are not plentiful. But some American researchers
have gone through the trouble of translating the world of dreams into percentages. One of the
pioneers in the field, the aforementioned Calvin Hall, carried out a study thanks to which
nowadays we know some very important aspects of our other life. Like, for example, that the
number of people that appear in the majority of dreams is three (85 %). The most common setting
is the home (30 %) and the most usual feelings (in decreasing order) are: fear, anxiety,
happiness, excitement, and sadness.
Nieto, Silvia. (2006). 150 years since Freuds birth, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does forgetfulness do to our dreams? It changes them into anecdotes.
b. What important research did Calvin Hall carry out? He pointed out many important aspects of
dreams, expressed in percentages.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Dreams...
a. are easily defined.
b. are mere anecdotes.
c. are very hard to explain.
2. According to Freud...
a. our dreams were repressed.
b. dreams are an expression of our desires.
c. dreams are meaningless.
3. When we are dreaming...
a. home hardly appears.
b. there usually are a lot of people.
c. the most common feeling is fear.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Some people say they dont dream, but everybody does. T.
b. According to Mr Hall, dreams are images that make our lives easier to understand. T.
c. Many researches on dreams have been made. F.
d. The most usual feeling when dreaming is feeling at home. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Tell a nightmare. Try to interpret it.
b. What do you think dreams tell us about?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 57

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8. Muzak
Duracin: 45 minutos
Muzak
One moment, please. As your telephone call is put on hold, music suddenly swells
through the receiver. Muzak, the background music so familiar to us today in public places as
well as on the telephone, was invented by General George Squier in 1922. It was originally
designed to increase productivity in the workplace but it has also had other purposes; for
example, in the 1920s, Muzak was introduced into the lifts of skyscrapers to calm the passengers.
But, can background music control behaviour as well as feelings? Psychology Professor
Adrian North conducted a study to discover if this music could influence customers choices. His
team arranged for a supermarket to play French accordion and German brass-band music at
different times to see if this affected the sale of wines from these countries. The wines were
clearly labelled and identified by country name and flag to avoid confusion, and the prices of the
wines were comparable.
After two weeks, the results were clear. When the German music was broadcast, 73% of
the wine sold was German. Conversely, when the French music was aired, 77% of the wine sold
was French. Most of the customers interviewed after doing their shopping insisted that they had
no preference for either countrys wine.
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why was background music originally designed? It was designed to increase productivity in
the workplace.
b. What did Professor Adrian North want to discover? He wanted to know if Muzak could
influence customers choices.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Muzak...
a. was already quite familiar in the 1920s.
b. is the music that you hear while you are in a concert.
c. was invented to boost productivity.
2. A study shows that...
a. if music is sounded in a supermarket, the sales increase.
b. when French accordion was heard, the sale of French wine raised.
c. wines must be clearly labelled and identified.
3. Adrian North discovered that...
a. his team liked accordion and brass-band music.
b. the prices of the French and German wines were comparable.
c. music influenced the type of wine sold.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Muzak was introduced into the lifts of skyscrapers to make people work harder. F.
b. Background music can control our feelings. T.
c. The 73 % of the time, German wine was sold. F.
d. Customers had previous preference for French wines. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Are we really free to make our choices?
b. Write about your plans for next summer.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 59

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9. Marats death
Duracin: 45 minutos
Marats death
The French Revolution of 1789 gave way to the bloody Reign of Terror, in which thousands
of French citizens were beheaded. In particular, it was the Jacobin journalist and political
extremist Jean Paul Marat who, from the pages of his newspaper called The Friend of the
People, most fervently encouraged the use of violence against opponents of the new regime.
Marats daily columns were read with dread, since every name that appeared ended up as fodder
for the guillotine.
This terrible sense of unease provoked a young woman named Charlotte de Corday -a
sympathizer of the Girondists, a moderate faction of the Assembly of the French Convention- who
tried to single-handedly stop the rage, words and bloody writings of the revolutionary leader. Under the pretext of providing him with a list of traitors, the young lady arrived at his house on July
13, 1793 and stabbed him several times, eventually killing him.
Charlotte de Corday was arrested and executed four days later. Her last words were: I
killed him so that my country could finally live in peace. Unfortunately, this objective was
unattainable for her.
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What happened during the Reign of Terror? Many French citizens were executed.
b. Why was Marat so feared? Because when he mentioned a name in his column, he or she
ended up executed in the guillotine.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Jean Paul Marat...
a. killed many people.
b. supported violence as a political weapon.
c. was against the new regime.
2. Charlotte de Corday...
a. led a conspiracy to kill Marat.
b. was a radical supporter of the French Revolution.
c. killed Marat with a knife.
3. Charlotte de Cordays last words...
a. reflected the successfulness of her objectives.
b. showed she had failed.
c. justified her crime.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. A period of unease followed the early days of French Revolution. T.
b. Charlotte de Corday was a member of the Assembly of the French Convention. F.
c. Marat called The Friend of the People to encourage violence. F.
d. Charlotte de Corday achieved her political aims, but was executed four days later. F.
4. Composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Is the influence of the French Revolution alive nowadays?
b. Violence and society.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 61

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10. Steps to nationhood

Duracin: 45 minutos
Steps to nationhood
Australia's first settlers were the Aboriginals, hunters and food gatherers who are believed
to have migrated from Asia 4,000 years ago. They lived undisturbed for many centuries, during
which the only other visitors to Australia may have been Indonesian traders who sailed to the
continent's north-west coast. Australia however remained a mystery to the rest of the world until
less than 400 years ago.
Although a "Terra Australis" -a Great South Land- was shown on maps as early as the
second century AD, its actual existence was not confirmed until the 17th century as a result of
Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch mercantile expansion into Asia.
The first Englishman to visit the continent was the buccaneer William Dampier, who landed
on the north-west coast of what is now the State of Western Australia in 1688. In 1770 Captain
James Cook of the British Navy sighted the east of the continent, charted it, and after travelling up
the coast landed at Botany Bay.
The first European settlement of the continent occurred on 26 January 1788, when Captain
Arthur Phillips landed at Sydney Cove (now Port Jackson) near Botany Bay and established a
penal settlement. He took possession of the whole of the eastern part of the continent which he
named New South Wales.
The first white settlers were convicts and their soldier guards and some tradesmen sent to
help establish the new penal colony. Although at first struggling in a harsh, alien land and
dependent on supplies from Britain, the colony began to reach inland from what is now Sydney.
The hinterland was explored, farms were developed, and eventually the colony became selfsufficient in most foods.
Geoffrey Bolton. The Courier. December 1988.

Glossary
food gatherer: recolector de alimentos
AD: (Anno Domini), DC (despus de Cristo)
to sight: divisar
to chart: trazar el mapa
harsh: dura, rigurosa
hinterland: tierra adentro

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Where are the first settlers supposed to have come from and what was their life like? The
first settlers are supposed to have come from Asia. They led a quiet life.
b. How did the first European people settle in Australia? They settled in a penal colony
established in 1788. The first settlers were convicts and their soldier guards and some
tradesmen.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. The Aboriginals...
a. reached Australia 400 years ago.
b. lived in Australia for centuries.
c. lived in Australias north-west coast.
2. Australia...
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a. became a colony 4,000 years ago.

b. was discovered by Dampier.
c. was known as early as the 2nd century AD.
3. The first white settlement was...
a. in 1668.
b. in 1770.
c. in 1788.
3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)
a. William Dampier established a settlement in 1668. F.
b. Sydney Cove was a settlement established in 1788. T.
c. The first settlers were traders, convicts and soldier guards. F.
d. The existence of Australia was confirmed in the 1700s. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Would you go to a remote land and stay there? Say why.
b. Clash of cultures.

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11. Terrorism and tourism

Duracin: 45 minutos
Terrorism and tourism
The immediate effect of a terrorist attack is likely to be cancellation of bookings to the
location where the event took place and a reduction of new reservations.
The effect may well extend beyond the specific location in which the event occurred
because as in the case of the Gulf War, which had global implications, the situation may be
extended to a larger area in the minds of potential visitors.
For those who still persist in visiting the area, there may be bargains, cheap flights, reduced
accommodation rates and lack of crowding.
However, there may also be changes in the quality of their experience, as they are exposed
to searches, delays and increased military presence.
Luggage charges usually go up as security measures are strengthened.
Despite all this, a survey conducted over American citizens found that less than half of
them would be enticed to travel overseas by airline promotions after a terrorist attack.
Moreover, in order to counteract the unfavourable image created by terrorism, a larger
amount of money must be spent on public relations, advertising and promotion campaigns.
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What are the negative effects of a terrorist attack? (Name two at least). They can be
cancellation of bookings to the location where the event took place and a reduction of new
reservations.
b. What are the advantages of travelling to a destination where a terrorist attack has taken place? (Name two at least). There may be bargains, cheap flights, reduced accommodation rates and lack of crowding.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. After a terrorist attack...
a. books are likely to be cancelled.
b. new reservations decrease.
c. people dont travel.
2. Tourists who still persist on travelling after a terrorist attack...
a. would find cheaper opportunities.
b. will travel faster because the lack of crowding.
c. will have a quality experience.
3. American citizens...
a. would travel overseas after a terrorist attack.
b. conducted a survey on terrorism.
c. are offered airline promotions after a terrorist attack.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. The effect of a terrorist attack may affect other countries in the area. T.
b. The majority of American citizens like to travel after a terrorist attack. F.
c. Military presence is quite unusual in countries affected by terrorism. F.
d. Tourist companies don't have to spend a lot of money on promotion campaigns. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Imagine a friend invites you to spend a week in a dangerous destination.
b. Victims of terrorism.

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12. The digital divide

Duracin: 45 minutos
The digital divide
A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not
intend to get internet access has risen. These people, who are known as 'net refuseniks', make up
44% of UK households, or 11.2 million people in total.
The research also showed that more than 70 percent of these people said that they were
not interested in getting connected to the internet. This number has risen from just over 50% in
2005, with most giving lack of computer skills as a reason for not getting internet access, though
some also said it was because of the cost.
More and more people are getting broadband and high speed net is available almost
everywhere in the UK, but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to take the first
step.
The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see
the main challenge to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would
encourage them to get connected before they are left too far behind. The gap between those who
have access to and use the internet is the digital divide, and if the gap continues to widen, those
without access will get left behind and miss out on many opportunities, especially in their careers.
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What has a recent survey in the United Kingdom shown? It has shown that the number of
people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet access has risen.
b. Why has the number of people not interested in getting connected to the internet risen?
Because they say they do not have computer skills for getting internet access, though some
also said it was because of the cost.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. 'Net refuseniks'...
a. do not want internet access.
b. are a majority in the United Kingdom.
c. have led a recent survey.
2. They refuse to getting connected to the internet...
a. mainly because of the cost.
b. because they are afraid of it.
c. mainly because they do not know to use new technologies.
3. The digital divide will continue to widen...
a. if the cost of getting online goes down and interned speed increases.
b. if 'net refuseniks' do not see the relevance of the internet.
c. if people refuse to take the first step.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. The majority of people in the UK are 'net refuseniks'. F.
b. There are more and more British who do not use the internet. T.
c. The main causes of the digital divide are the cost and the internet speed. F.
d. The digital divide is widening because some people do not understand the importance of the
internet. T.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. The world without the internet.
b. New technologies.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 67

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13. The kiwi savers

Duracin: 45 minutos
The kiwi savers
New Zealand is the home of the kiwi. This unique bird is the international symbol and you
will see it everywhere: on keyrings and T-shirts. In fact, youll see it everywhere except where it
should be: in the wild.
Experts estimate that there were once more than 20 million kiwis across New Zealand.
Today, numbers of this noisy nocturnal bird have decreased to just 70,000.
Kiwis dont fly, like the ostrich and emu. They explore the forest floor with their long beaks
in search of worms, which are their favourite food. They use their powerful feet to keep their
attackers away.
However, nothing could protect kiwis from the settlers *, who devastated New Zealands
native habitat, and from predators, like the cats, dogs and rats the Europeans introduced in the
country. Operation Nest Egg is a programme to save the kiwis by restoring and protecting native
habitats.
The project has received enormous public support and will help the kiwi population take off
once again.
Adapted from Speak Up magazine. N. 294.
*

settlers: people who go to live in a new country.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. Why is the kiwi an endangered species? Because its population, once above 20 millions,
has been reduced to just 70,000.
b. How is the rescue programme helping the kiwi? By restoring and protecting its native habitat,
thanks to Operation Nest Egg.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Kiwis...
a. are New Zealands pets .
b. arrived to New Zealand flying.
c. use their feet to defence themselves.
2. Operation Nest Egg...
a. has achieved to raise kiwiss numbers rise to more than 20 million.
b. tries to bring back kiwiss native habitat.
c. has achieved New Zealands population take off again.
3. The Europeans...
a. introduced new species in New Zealand.
b. brought predators to destroy kiwis because it was noisy.
c. liked to eat kiwis.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. The kiwis live in most New Zealand forests. F.
b. The population of kiwis has increased to 20 million. F.
c. The kiwis couldnt fight cats and dogs. T.
d. Operation Nest Egg is a very popular programme. T.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Endangered species in your country.
b. What can you do to protect nature?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 69

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14. Underwear
Duracin: 45 minutos
Underwear
The history of underwear is full of curiosities. Brassieres, for example, were already in use
among Roman ladies. They were called strophium and consisted of strips of cloth that wrapped
around and held the breast. It is also known that, much earlier, women on Crete used a kind of
corset that served the same purpose. But it wasnt until the end of the nineteenth century that they
first designed bras like those we use today. The cleverest of all was Mary Phelps Jacob, from the
U.S.A. She got her model patented in 1914. A short while later, she sold her idea to the Warner
Brothers Corset Company for $15,000. I have no idea whether they were related to the ones who
worked in the movie industry. Or were they the very same ones? I think I just got the link between
Daffy Duck and underwear.
In the case of men, the earliest loincloths, known as fundoshi in Japan and still worn by
Sumo wrestlers, were a fairly scanty affair. Gradually, as a result of the contact between Romans
and the Gallic tribes, more and more cloth was required until it reached its apogee of bodily
coverage in the 19th century as the typical long johns you see in westerns. The first mens briefs
werent patented until 1934.
Josep Toms Torres (2006). Sex guide, The English Magazine.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.

1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What was the strophium like? It consisted of strips of cloth that wrapped around and held the
breast.
b. Why was Mrs Jacob clever? She got her model patented and, a short while later, she sold
her idea to the Warner Brothers Corset Company for $15,000.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Womens underwear has been used...
a. since the beginning of the 20th century.
b. since the end of the 19th century.
c. since the times of the Greeks.
2. Corsets worn by women in Crete...
a. had a similar use to older brassieres.
b. were like modern brassieres.
c. were copied by Mary Phelps Jacob and sold to Warner Brothers Corset Co.
3. Mens underwear...
a. requires more and more cloth.
b. was scarce long time ago.
c. wasnt used until the 20th century.

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. The bra is a recent invention. F.
b. The use of heavy underwear reached its zenith in the 19th century. T.
c. Long johns were used as a result of the contact between Romans and Gauls. T.
d. Fundoshis are heavy loincloths. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Well-dressed or comfortable? Are both compatible?
b. Clothes and personality.

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15. Web careers

Duracin: 45 minutos
Web careers
Nowadays there are plenty of jobs connected with the Internet on the market. Here are two
people who already work on the net.
Jacqui Richards is a writer at worldpop.com, a new global music website which started two
years ago. She researches stories by surfing the Net and calling contacts. 'I've decided to write for
the Internet because it's where I was going to find the latest information on bands. I was already
addicted to surfing and looking at all the interview and music clips you don't get in regular
magazines. I love the speed and pace of writing for the web. I can research a story in the morning
and see it on the web in the afternoon, which is really fantastic. Newspapers will have the same
story the next day and some magazines up to six weeks later. Getting in there first is really
stimulating, and so is the fact that your stories are being read around the world, and what's
important, before your rivals.'
Logan Fisher, meanwhile, is creative director at Plug 1, a company that develops websites
for clients. His job is to create pages that are visually exciting and informative. 'My job is 90%
creative and 10% software knowledge. There are a lot of people entering web design who have
the technical knowledge but no creative background. You need to be trained in graphic design (...)
to know basic colour theories, sound and animation (...) and also make it easy to navigate. All in
all is a lot of work.'
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does Jacqui Richards love best of her job? She loves the speed and pace of writing
for the web.
b. What does a website developer do? He creates pages that are visually exciting and
informative.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. Jacqui
a. has got important rivals.
b. enjoys working fast.
c. has to do surfing in the summer.
2. Logan
a. thinks his job is hard work.
b. has to write books about Internet.
c. has a very technical job.
3. worldpop.com
a. gets its stories after appearing in the newspapers.
b. is a website on music that has been working for two years.
c. is really fantastic.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 72

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. There are magazines that publish the stories up to six weeks later. T.
b. Plug 1 is a firm that creates websites on demand. T.
c. It is not easy to create a visually exciting and informative website. T.
d. Logan Fisher creates pages for worldpop.com. F.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. What is Logan's job and what does he think about his job?
b. Do you think the Internet is important?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 73

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16. What is BookCrossing?

Duracin: 45 minutos
What is BookCrossing?
Do you like reading but cant afford to buy books? If so, you may be interested in the worldwide book club that aims to make the whole world a library. Ron Hornbaker founded the BookCrossing website (www.bookcrossing.com) so that people can share the books they have enjoyed
reading with other people.
All you have to do is follow these three simple steps. First of all you have to read a good
book. Next you register the book on the website with your comments and youll be given a
BookCrossing identification number which you write inside the book. Finally you release the book
for someone else to find. You can give the book to a friend, leave it on a park bench, or even
forget to take it with you when you leave a coffee shop. Now you just have to wait! When another
person picks up the book, he or she will see the BookCrossing information and ID number inside
the book and go to the website and say that the book has been found. The process can then be
repeated!
BookCrossing operates all over the world. In Spain, Barcelona and Madrid are the cities
which have the most books registered. Perhaps one day you will be lucky enough to find an
interesting book on the metro in Madrid or in a cinema in Barcelona. If you do, remember to
record it on the website, read it and release it and the whole process can continue!
Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering.
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (0.50)
a. What does BookCrossing intend to do? It aims to make the whole world a library.
b. What should you write in the book before you release it? You should write a BookCrossing
identification number.
2. Choose the best option. (0.30)
1. The objective of this book club is
a. to get rid of the books you dont like.
b. to share interesting books with other people.
c. to buy cheap books.
d. to read books on the internet.
2. You can find these released books
a. in most countries around the world.
b. in Spain and Great Britain.
c. in Madrid and Barcelona.
d. in the USA.
3. If you find one of the books
a. you take to the library.
b. you read it and liberate it again.
c. you read it and give it back to its owner.
d. you send it to BookCrossing.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 74

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.20)

a. Ron Hornbaker created BookCrossing so that people could read cheaply. F.
b. The city you live in must be registered to take part in BookCrossing. F.
c. Once you have read the book, you keep it. F.
d. Sharing is the idea on which BookCrossing is based. T.
4. Write a composition (60-80 words). Choose one of the following topics. (1)
a. Write a description of the last book, comic or poem that you read.
b. Write about an exciting experience, event or trip in your life.

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 75

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17. The European Green Capital Award

Duracin: 45 minutos
The European Green Capital Award
Following Stockholm in 2010 and Hamburg in 2011, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) and Nantes
(France) will be The European Green Capitals for 2012 and 2013.
The award of European Green Capital is given each year to a European city that has made
exceptional efforts to protect the environment and to achieve sustainable development. The
judges decision is based on eleven environmental criteria such as: local transport, green urban
areas, quality of air, noise, waste production and management and water consumption.
Inhabitants of the city centre of Vitoria-Gasteiz do not live more than 300 metres away from
a green space. The city has also made an enormous effort to reduce its water consumption, and
aims to bring it down to less than 100 litres a day per person.
Nantes, the winner of 2013, has an ambitious transport policy. It was the first French town
to reintroduce electric trams, and it now has a desirable air quality and expects to reduce CO 2
emissions by a quarter by 2020.
Europe is now an essentially urban society, with four out of five Europeans living in towns
and cities. Our well-being is closely linked to the quality of our urban environment. The aim of the
Green Capital Award is to make winning cities models and inspire other European cities to
improve the quality of life of their citizens.
(Adapted from European Commission News: http://ec.europa.eu/news/environment/101022_1_en.htm)
Vocabulary:
award: prize or money given to the winner of a contest or competition.
to achieve: to complete something successfully or get good results.

waste: not wanted material or substances after use.

aim: objective, goal.

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering (Total score: 10 points)
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (1.0 points each = 2.0 points)
a. What must a European city do to win the European Green Capital Award ? It has to make
exceptional efforts to protect the environment and to achieve sustainable development.
b. What has the 2012 winner city achieved? Its inhabitants do not live more than 300 metres
away from a green space. Besides, Vitoria-Gasteiz has also made an enormous effort to
reduce its water consumption.
2. Underline the best option. (0.5 points each = 1.50 points)
a. The European Green Capital Award
1. has already been given to 4 cities.
2. is given to a different European city every year.
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct.
b. Nantes
1. has improved its air quality.
2. will increase its CO2 emissions by a quarter by 2020.
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct.
c. The aim of the award is
1. have more parks in European cities.
2. offer examples of good practice to European cities.
3. reintroduce electric trams in European cities.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 76

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.5 points each = 1.50 points)
a. 80% of Europeans live in urban areas. T.
b. Vitoria-Gasteiz has a lot of water consumption. F.
c. The winner of the award is selected by European cities. F.
4. Choose one of the following topics and write a text 60-80 words long (5 points)
a. What can you do in your daily life to protect the environment?
b. What would you do to improve the quality of life in your town or city?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 77

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18. Finland: first in class

Duracin: 45 minutos
Finland: first in class
Finland is recognised worldwide for its top ranking education model. Foreign delegations
frequently visit the country to try and discover the secret of its success. Euronews spent a day at a
school in the capital Helsinki to find out more about the philosophy behind the Finnish system.
Finland has the shortest formal teaching hours in Europe and the best educational results.
Finnish children stay with the same class and the same teacher for at least six years which
makes school like an extension of home.
In Finland, competition to become a teacher is so fierce that all teachers have a Masters
degree.
Helj Misukka, the Secretary of State for Education, told Euronews: What is also maybe
quite special in Finland is that teachers are quite autonomous in what they do, so they can, for
example, choose the materials they like or the pedagogy they use. They have a lot of freedom in
their work.
The accent is on music, sport and the arts. Children learn by playing and experimenting in
groups, like the science class. Playtime is an important part of learning. There are a lot of breaks
and even in winter children are encouraged to play outdoors. The children are trusted.
However, Charles Leadbeater, a global education analyst told us: We shouldnt think that it
is the only model that we should follow; its one very effective model in teaching, learning and
schooling, but its not necessarily the only, or in some cases the best, model to improve
education.
(Adapted from www.euronews.net/learningworld 5/11/10)

Finnish: from Finland

fierce: intense

Vocabulary:
Secretary of State: In Finland, highest official under each minister of the Government
schooling: education given at school

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering (Total score: 10 points)
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (1.0 points each = 2.0 points)
a. Why is school considered in Finland an extension of home? Because children stay with the
same class and the same teacher for at least six years.
b. What are two characteristics of the Finnish Education system? Teachers are quite
autonomous and the accent is on music, sports and the arts.
2. Underline the best option. (0.5 points each = 1.0 points)
a. In Finland, becoming a teacher is
1. easy.
2. demanding.
3. autonomous.
b. In Finland, teachers have
1. the same students for a minimum of six years.
2. autonomy in their professional activity.
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 78

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.5 points each = 1.0 points)
a. Subjects like music, sport and arts are a priority in the Finnish education system. T.
b. According to Charles Leadbeater, the Finnish education system is the best model to improve
education in other countries. F.
4. Find a word in the text which means (0.5 points each = 1.0 points)
a. to get better: improve
b. internationally: worldwide
5. Choose one of the following topics and write a text 60-80 words long (5.0 points)
a. Write about your school days.
b. What are, in your opinion, positive and negative aspects about the Spanish education
system?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 79

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19. Brazil prepares for tourist boom

Duracin: 45 minutos
Brazil prepares for tourist boom
Brazil is preparing for major tourist invasion as two of the worlds biggest sporting events
will be organized in the country in the coming years: the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016
Olympic Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Brazil is expecting twice the number of visitors that it has in normal years. In 2010, about 5
million visitors came to the country. That is a very low number compared to France which has
almost 80 million visitors a year and the US with 60 million.
There are two main reasons why Brazil has not been a popular tourist destination. First, it is
far away from Europe and flight costs make it an expensive place to go to. Secondly, the countrys
crime rate has discouraged many potential tourists.
Brazils economy is successful and the money that it is generating is being invested in
infrastructure and projects for the future. Airports are being improved, roads are being built and
public transportation expanded. New hotels are being constructed and more and more people are
being employed in tourism-related jobs.
The Brazilian government hopes that these sporting events will give the country a great
tourism expansion. Once tourists are in the country, they should not only concentrate on the
sporting events but also on the spectacular attractions that Brazil has to offer, like the Iguau Falls
in the south, or the Amazon rainforest in the north and central parts of the country. During the two
big events police forces supported by army units will be patrolling the streets to give visitors the
feeling of safety.
(Adapted article from http://www.english-online.at)
Vocabulary:
rate: amount, percentage

falls: movement of water to a lower position

patrolling: guarding, protecting

Read the instructions to each question carefully before answering (Total score: 10 points)
1. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (1 point each = 2 points)
a. Why is Brazil expecting an important tourism expansion in the coming years? Brazil is
expecting an important tourism expansion in the coming years because the 2014 Football
World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Summer Games will be organized in the country.
b. What are the two examples of the countrys development to prepare for that tourism
expansion? Two of the following: airports are being improved / roads are being built / public
transportation is being expanded / new hotels are being built / more people are being
employed (in tourism-related jobs).
2. Underline the best option. (0.5 points each = 1 point)
a. Compared to Brazil, France has
1. a higher number of tourists.
2. a lower number of tourists.
3. twice the number of tourists.
b. Visitors coming to Brazils sporting events should also
1. be employed in tourism-related jobs.
2. enjoy the countrys tourist attractions.
3. patrol the streets to feel safe.
CFGS Ingls Pg.: 80

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3. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? (0.5 points each = 1 point)
a. Brazil has been considered a safe country for tourists. F.
b. Brazil is an expensive country to live in. F.
4. Find a synonym in the text for these words (0.5 points each = 1 point)
a. distant: far / far away
b. security: safety
5. Choose one of the following topics and write a text 60-80 words long (5 points)
a. Write about your best holiday experience.
b. Do you think Valencia/Spain is a popular tourist destination? Why?

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 81

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CFGS Ingls Pg.: 82

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Anexo
Verbos irregulares ingleses

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 83

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CFGS Ingls Pg.: 84

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Verbos irregulares ingleses

be, was (//) / were (//), been (//)

ser, estar

//, //
broadcast, broadcast, broadcast
cast, cast, cast

radiar
arrojar

//, //
deal, dealt, dealt
feel, felt, felt
kneel, knelt, knelt

//, //
dream, dreamt, dreamt

//, //
sit, sat, sat
spit, spat, spat

sentarse
escupir

//, //
have, had, had

haber, tener

begin, began, begun

drink. drank, drunk
ring, rang, rung
run, ran, run
shrink, shrank, shrunk
sing, sang, sung
sink, sank, sunk
spring, sprang, sprung
stink, stank/stunk, stunk
swim, swam, swum

empezar
beber
llamar
correr
encogerse
cantar
hundir
saltar
apestar
nadar

doblar
prestar
enviar
oler
deletrear

//, //
dejar

//, //
bet, bet, bet
let, let, let
read, read, read
set, set, set
spread, spread, spread
sweat, sweat, sweat
wet, wet, wet

apostar
permitir
leer
poner(se)
extender
sudar
mojar

go (goes), went, gone

undergo, underwent, undergone

ir
sufrir

//, //
fall, fell, fallen

caer

//, //

//, //
bleed, bled, bled
breed, bred, bred
meet, met, met
flee, fled, fled
feed, fed, fed
hold, held, held
lead, led, led
speed, sped, sped

apoyarse
significar
gastar

//, //

//, //
bend, bent, bent
lend, lent, lent
send, sent, sent
smell, smelt, smelt
spell, spelt, spelt

soar

//, //
lean, leant, leant
mean, meant, meant
spend, spent, spent

leave, left, left

//, //

tratar
sentir
arrodillarse

sangrar
criar
encontrar
huir
alimentar
agarrar, celebrar
conducir
acelerar

swell, swelled, swollen

hinchar

//, //
beat, beat, beaten

golpear

//, //
build, built, built
spill, spilt, spilt

edificar
derramar

//, //
creep, crept, crept
keep, kept, kept
leap, leapt, leapt
sleep, slept, slept
sweep, swept, swept
weep, wept, wept

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 85

arrastrarse
conservar
brincar
dormir
barrer
llorar

//, //
bite, bit, bitten
hide, hid, hidden

morder
ocultar

//, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //

//, //
bid, bid, bid
hit, hit, hit
knit, knit, knit
slit, slit, slit
split, split, split

//, //
pujar
golpear
hacer punto
hender, rajar
partir, rajar

forsake, forsook, forsaken

mistake, mistook, mistaken
shake, shook, shaken
take, took, taken
undertake, undertook, undertaken

encender
resbalar

blow, blew, blown

draw, drew, drawn
fly, flew, flown
grow, grew, grown
know, knew, known
mow, mowed, mown
saw, sawed, sawn
sew, sewed, sewn
withdraw, withdrew, withdrawn

//, //
light, lit, lit
slide, slid, slid

//, //

//, //
do (does), did, done

hacer

//, //
cost, cost, cost

costar

olvidar
obtener

perder

disparar

//, //
see, saw, seen

ver

//, //
bear, bore, borne / born
shear, shore, shorn
tear, tore, torn
swear, swore, sworn
wear, wore, worn

soportar, dar a luz

esquilar
rasgar
jurar
llevar puesto

//, //
bring, brought, brought
buy, bought, bought
catch, caught, caught
fight, fought, fought
seek, sought, sought
teach, taught, taught
think, thought, thought

quemar
aprender

hear, heard, heard

or

//, //

//, //
shoot, shot, shot

burn, burnt, burnt

learn, learnt, learnt

//, //

//, //
lose, lost, lost

soplar
dibujar
volar
crecer
saber, conocer
cortar, segar
serrar
coser
retirarse

//, //

//, //
forget, forgot, forgotten
get, got, got / gotten

abandonar
equivocar
sacudir
coger
emprender

traer, llevar
comprar
coger
luchar
buscar
ensear
pensar

burst, burst, burst

hurt, hurt, hurt

reventar
herir

//, //
cling, clung, clung
dig, dug, dug
hang, hung, hung
sling, slung, slung
spin, spun, spun
stick, stuck, stuck
sting, stung, stung
strike, struck, struck
swing, swung, swung
wring, wrung, wrung

agarrarse
cavar
colgar
lanzar, arrojar
hilar
pegar, engomar
picar
golpear
columpiarse
torcer

//, //
cut, cut, cut
shut, shut, shut
thrust, thrust, thrust

cortar
cerrar
introducir

//, //
win, won, won

ganar

//, //
put, put, put

poner

//, //
stand, stood, stood
understand, understood, understood

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 86

estar en pie
entender

//, //
bind, bound. bound
find, found, found
grind, ground, ground
wind, wound, wound

atar, encuadernar
encontrar
moler
enrollar

//, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //

//, //
eat, ate (//, //), eaten

comer

//, //
forbid, forbade, forbidden
forgive, forgave, forgiven
give, gave, given

prohibir
perdonar
dar

//, //
become, became, become
come, came, come
overcome. overcame, overcome

llegar a ser
venir
vencer

//, //
lay, laid, laid
pay, paid, paid
say, said, said

poner
pagar
decir

//, //
lie, lay, lain

echarse

hacer

CFGS Ingls Pg.: 87

//, //
show, showed, shown
sow, sowed, sown
throw, threw, thrown

mostrar
sembrar
arrojar tirar

//, //
sell, sold, sold
tell, told, told

vender
decir

shine, shone, shone

brillar

//, //

//, //
arise, arose, arisen
drive, drove, driven
ride, rode, ridden
rise, rose, risen
stride, strode, stridden
write, wrote, written

despertarse
romper
elegir
helar
hablar
robar
pisar, hollar
despertarse
tejer

//, //

//, //
make, made, made

//, //
awake, awoke, awoken
break, broke, broken
choose, chose, chosen
freeze, froze, frozen
speak, spoke, spoken
steal, stole, stolen
tread, trod (//), trodden (//)
wake, woke, woken
weave, wove, woven

surgir, levantarse
conducir
montar
levantarse
dar zancadas
escribir

spoil, spoilt, spoilt

estropear

//, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //, //

CFGS

Ingls

Pgina 88