INTEGRAL INDEFINIDA
Pg. 36-44
Calcular las siguientes integrales indefinidas inmediatas:
55. Calcular la integral:
g (x)
g(x )2 dx
Sea:
u = g(x)
du = g(x)dx
du u2=
Entonces:
u2+1 u1
=
2+ 1 1
du
=
u2
60. Calcular la integral:
1 1
=
+k
u g ( x)
=-
g ( x ) . g ( x)
1+ g 2 x
Sea:
u = 1+g2(x)
du = 2g(x) g(x)dx
du
=g ( x ) g ( x ) dx
u
Entonces:
du
2.u
1
= u
1
2
2
1 1 /2
2
2u + k= u+k = 1+ g ( x)
2
1
2
Sea:
u = lnx
+k
65. Calcular la integral:
+1
1 u2
1 u2
du=
+k =
+k
2 1
2 1
+1
2
2
ln ( 2 x ) + ln x dx 1
dx
2
= ( ln ( 2 )+ lnx +ln x )
3x
3
x
du =
1
dx
x
Entonces:
1 (
1
u u
ln 2+u+u2 ) du= uln2+ + +C
3
3
2 3
uln 2 u2 u3 1
1
1
+ + = ln2. lnx+ ln 2 x + lnx
3
6 9 3
6
9
e x Sen ( 4 e x +2 ) dx
70. Calcular la integral:
Sea:
u = 4ex + 2
du = 4ex dx
du
4
= e x dx
Entonces:
cos ( u ) +C
1
Sen ( u ) du=
4
du 1
Sen ( u ) =
4 4
cos( 4 e +2)
1
x
+C=
cos ( 4 e + 2 ) +C
4
4
90. Calcular la integral:
dx
x 49 ln 2 x
Completando cuadrados al denominador:
2 Sen2 x 3 Senx +
+1
3
Senx
4
2
Entonces:
( ) )+ 94
3
2
Cosx dx
2
1
3
senx
2
2
() (
=arc Sen
1
2
( )
tg3 ( xx ) Sec 2( x3 ) dx
138. Calcular la integral:
tg ( 3x ). tg2 ( x3 ) . sec2 ( 3x ) dx
( 3x )
x 1
du = Sec ( ). dx
3 3
x
3du = Sec ( ) dx
3
x
x
Entonces: tg ( ) . tg ( ) . 3 du=3 u . u .du=3 u du
3
3
u
3
x
= 3 +C= tg ( )+C
4
4
3
Sea:
u = tan
143. Calcular la integral:
cos ( Sex } ( x ) Cosx dx
Sea:
u = Senx
du = Cosxdx
Tenemos:
+C
2 Senx 3
2
arc Sen
+ C=arc Sen ( 2 Senx3 ) +C
1
2
Tenemos:
3
2
( )
Senx
Cosudu=Senu+C=Sen ( Sen ( x ) ) +C
151. Calcular la integral:
dx
4 +5 cos2 x
Dividir por Cos2x en el numerador y denominador:
dx
cos 2 x
=
4+5 cos 2 x
cos 2 x
Sec 2 xdx
4
+5
cos 2 x
2
Sec xdx
Sec xdx
=
2
2
4 Sec x+ 5
4 tg x +9
Sea:
u = tgx
du = Sec2x dx
Entonces:
du
du
1
2du
=
=
2
2
2
4 u +9
(2u) +(3) 2 (2u)2 +(3)2 , decimos: a = 3
u=u
1 1
2tgx
1
2tgx
arctg
+C= arctg
2 3
3
6
3
+C
Pag. 89-90
INTEGRALES TRIGONOMETRICAS
Calcular las siguientes integrales:
Ctg3 2 xdx
Ctg 2 x . Ctg2 2 xdx= Ctg 2 x (cos 2 2 x1) dx
14. Calcular la integral:
Sea:
Sec2x = 1 + tg2x
Csc2x = 1 + Ctg2x
Cos2x 1 = Ctg2x
=
( Ctg 2 x Csc 2 2 xCtg 2 x ) dx = Ctg 2 x .Csc 2 2 x . dx Ctg 2 x . dx
Decimos:
u = Ctg2x
du = -Cosc22x.2dx
du
2
=Cosc 2 xdx
2
Entonces:
u du
2
1 u2
2 2
ln|sen 2 x|
2
ln|sen 2 x|
ctg 2 2 x ln|sen 2 x|
+C=
2
4
2
+C
Sen3 x dx
24. Calcular la integral:
3
cos2 x cosx
Sea:
1cos
( 2 x) dx
= Senx
2
1 /3
cos x . Cosx
Senx Senx dx
cos 2 x 3 cosx
(SenxSenx cos x )dx
cos 2 x .Cosx 1/ 3
Senx dx
Senx cos x
dx
2
1 /3
2
1 /3
cos x . Cosx
Co s x . Cosx
cos2 x . cos1 /3 xdx cos 1/ 3 dx= Senx . cos1/ 3 xdx Senx . cos1/ 3 xdx
Senx
Tenemos:
=
Senx
u = Cosx
du = -Senx dx
-du= Senxdx
Entonces:
1 /3
du
1
3
du u du = u7 /3 du+ u1 /3 du
7
+1
3
1
+1
3
4
3
2
3
u
u
u
u
3 4/ 3 3 2/ 3
+
=
+ = u + u +C
7
1
4
2 4
2
+1
+1
3
3
3
3
3 4 /3 3 2 /3
3
3
u + u +C= cos4 /3 x+ cos2 /3 x+C
4
2
4
2
38. Calcular la integral:
Sec 4 x Ctg3 x dx
Sea:
Sec 4 x . Ctg 3 x dx=
1
cos4 x
Cosx 3
1
cos3 /2 x
dx=
.
dx
Senx
cos4 x Sen3 /2 x
cos3 /2 x . 1
cos 4 x . Sen3 /2 x dx= cos 3/ 2 x .cos 4 x . Sen13 /2 x dx
cos5/ 2 x Sen3 /2 dx= Sen3/ 2 . cos 5/ 2 dx
Entonces:
Identidad:
2
Sen x +cos x
dx
Sen
3/2
5 /2
x +cos x
=
Sen2 x
cos 2 x
dx+
Sen3/ 2 x +cos 5/ 2 x dx
3 /2
5 /2
Sen x+ cos x
Sen x
cos x
dx+
dx
5 /2
3 /2
cos x
Sen x
1 /2
1/ 2
Decimos:
=
Sen1 /2 x
1
cos1 /2 x
1
.
dx
+
.
dx
1 /2
2
1 /2
cos x cos x
Sen x Sen2 x
( tgx )1/ 2 ( Sec 2 x ) dx + ( Ctgx )1 /2 ( Cosec 2 x ) dx
Entonces:
u = Ctgx
du = -Cosec2xdx
=
( tgx )1/ 2 ( Sec 2 x ) dx + (Ctgx )1 /2 (Cosec 2 x ) dx
( tgx )3/ 2
3
2
( ctgx )1/ 2
+1
2
2
tg3 x+ ctgx
43. Calcular la integral:
Sen 2 ( x ) dx
cos 6 (x )
Tenemos:
Sen2 ( x )
cos2 (x) . cos 21(x ) . cos 21(x ) dx= tg2 ( x ) . Sec 2 ( x ) . Sec 2 ( x ) . dx
Decimos:
Sec 2 ( x )=tg 2 ( x ) +1
tg2 ( x ) [ tg2 ( x ) ] . Sec 2 ( x ) . dx
Entonces:
Sea:
u = tg ( x )
du = Sec 2 ( x ) . dx
du = Sec 2 (x )dx
du
=Sec 2 (x)dx
Entonces:
2
u ( u + 1)
du 1
1
2 2
4
2
=
u ( u +1 ) du= ( u +u ) du
1 u5 u3
1 tg (x) tg (x)
+ +C=
+
5 3
5
3
+C
Pg. 123-127
INTEGRALES POR PARTES
Calcular las siguientes integrales:
18. Calcular la integral:
Sea:
u = x2
x 2 ex dx
dv = e-x
v = -ex
du = 2xdx
Entonces:
2
x e e 2 x dx
=
x e + 2 xe dx
Tenemos:
u = x
du= dx
Entonces:
dv= e-x
v= -e-x
x e + 2 (x e e dx )
2 x
2 x
x
x
2 x
x
x
x e + 2 ( x e + (e ) )=x e 2 x e 2 e +C
- ex ( x2 +2 x+ 2 ) +C
36. Calcular la integral:
arctgx x dx
Sea:
u = arctg
du =
dv =
1
1
.
x +1 2 x
v=2
Entonces:
=
g2
x arctg x
2 x dx
dx
=2 x arctg x
( x+1
x+1
) 2 x
x arctg xln|x +1| + C
41. Calcular la integral:
x 3 Senx dx
Si:
u = x3
dv = Senx dx
du = 3x2dx
v = - Cosx
Entonces:
3
x Cosx Cosx . 3 x =x Cosx+ cos 3 x dx
Tenemos:
u = 3x2
du = 6x
dv= Cosxdx
v= Senx
Entonces:
x 3 Cosx+ Senx . 3 x 2 Senx 6 x dx
Ahora:
u = 6x
dv = 6dx
du = 6dx
v = -Cosx
Entonces:
=
x Cosx+ Senx . 3 x (Cosx 6 x Cosx .6 xdx )
x Cosx+ Senx . 3 x +Cosx 6 x + Cosx 6 dx
x Cosx+3 x Senx+ 6 x CosxSenx .6+C
x 3 Cosx+3 x 2 Senx+ 6 x Cosx6 Senx+C
arcSen ( 2 x ) dx
60. Calcular la integral:
Sea:
u = arcSen(2x)
du =
dv = 1
1
.2 dx
14 x 2
v=x
udv=uv vdu=xarcSen ( 2 x )
Entonces:
=
xarcSen ( 2 x )2
xarcSen ( 2 x )
xdx
14 x
= xarcSen2 x2
2
2x
dx
14 x 2
14 x 2
4
+C
14 x 2
+C
2
Pg. 169
Calcular las siguientes integrales indefinidas:
6
3 x 9 x + 4 dx
x 2 xx 5+5
3
x +4 x
16. Calcular la integral:
Tenemos:
6
x 2 x +3 x 9 x + 4
- x 6+ 5 x 4 4 x2
4
x 5 x + 4 x
x
+3 x +3 x 13 x + 4
4
13 x + 4 dx
xdx + 3 x +3x5x5
x3 + 4
Entonces:
3x
+ 3 x 313 x 2 +4 dx
x 55 x3 + 4
3 x 4+ 3 x 313 x 2 +4 dx
3 x 4 +3 x 313 x 2+ 4
=
x ( x 1 )( x +1 )( x +2 ) ( x2)
x 55 x3 + 4
Tenemos:
X(x-1) (x+1) (x-2) (x+2) Tenemos cinco factores lineales diferentes
3 x + 3 x 13 x +4
x ( x1 )( x +1 ) ( x+2 ) (x 2)
A
B
C
D
E
+
+
+
+
x x1 x +1 x+ 2 x2
Luego:
3x4 + 3x3 13x2 + 4 = A(x-1)(x+1) (x+2)(x-2) + B x(x+1)(x+2)(x-2) +
Cx(x-1)(x+2)(x-2)+Dx(x-1)(x+1)(x-2) + Ex(x-1)(x+1)(x+2)
Decimos:
Si x = 0 =>
4 = 4A + B (0) + C(0) + D(0) + E(0)
4 = 4A A = 1
Si x = 1 =>
-3 = A(0) - 6B + C(0) + D(0) + E(0)
-3 = 6B B = 1/2
Si x = -1 =>
-9 = A(0) + B (0) - 6C + D(0) + E(0)
-9 = -6C C = 3/2
Si x = 2 =>
24 = A(0) + B (0) + C(0) + D(0) + 24E
24 = 24E E = 1
Si x = -2 =>
-24 = A(0) + B (0) + C(0) + 24D + E(0)
-24 = 24D D = -1
Entonces:
4
x + 4 dx
xdx + 3 x +3x 5x512
3
x +4
1
1
3
1
1
dx+
dx +
dx +
dx+
dx
x
2(x1)
2(x +1)
(x +2)
( x2)
x2
+
2
x2
1
3
+ lnx+ ln |x1|+ ln|x1|ln|x +2|+ ln| x2|+C
2
2
2
2
x (x2) x1 (x +1)3
x
ln
2
x +2
+C
20.
x +1
dx
2 x2 x2
5
+ x4
Calcular la integral:
Tenemos:
2x5 x4 = x4 (2x-1) Un factor lineal repetido 4 veces
Un factor lineal diferente
2 x 4 2 x +1 2 x 4 2 x +1 A B C D
E
= 4
= + 2+ 3 + 4+
5
4
2 x x
x (2 x1) x x x x 2 x 1
Luego:
2x4 2x + 1 = Ax3(2x-1) + Bx2(2x-1) + Cx(2x-1) + D(2x-1) + E x4
Decimos:
Si x = 0 =>
1 = A(0) + B(0) + C(0) D + E(0)
1 = -D ->
x=
Si
1
2
=>
D = -1
1
1
=A ( 0 ) + B ( 0 )+ C ( 0 ) + D ( 0 ) +5
8
16
( )
1 1
= E
8 16
->
E=2
Entonces:
4
2 x 2 x +1 1
2
= 4+
5
4
2
x1
2 x x
x
=
1
2
dx
dx +
dx= x4 dx +2
dx
4
2
x1
2
x1
x
x3
1
+ 2 ln|2 x1|+C= 3 +2 ln |2 x1|+C
3
3x
31. Calcular la integral:
( x+ 2) 2
x2 2 dx
=
dx
x1 x
x (x1)2
( )
Tenemos:
x(x-1)2
Un factor lineal repetido 2 veces
Un factor lineal diferente
x 2 +4 x+ 4
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
2
x (x1) (x 1) (x1) x
Luego:
x2 + 4x + 4 = A (x-1) (x) + B(x) + C(x-1)2
Decimos:
Si x = 1 =>
9 = A(0) + B + C(0)
9=B
Si x = 0 =>
4 = A(0) + B + C(0)
4=C
Falta
B=9
C=4
A Si x = -1
-1 = 2A B + 4C
-1 = 2A -9 + 16
A = -3
Entonces:
x 2 +4 x+ 4
3
9
4
=
+
+
2
2
x (x1) (x 1) (x1) x
9
4
+
2
x
( x1)
3
+
( x1)
9
3 ln |x1|
+4 lnx+ C
( x1 )
2
36. Calcular la integral:
x 2 x +3
dx
(x1)(x
3
2
4 x +3 x )
x 2 x +3
dx
(x1)(x
3
4 x 2+3 x )
Tenemos:
x(x-1)(x2-4x+3) = x(x-1)(x-1)(x-3) = (x-1)2 (x-3) (x)
Hay 2 fact. Lineal
diferentes
Hay 1 fact. Lineal
x 22 x +3
A
B
C
D
= +
+
+
2
2
x (x3)( x1) x ( x1) (x1) (x3)
Luego:
x2 2x + 3 = A(x-1)2 (x-3) + B(x-1)(x)(x-3) + C(x-3)(x) + D(x-1)2 (x)
Decimos:
Si x = 1
2 = A(0) + B(0) 2C + D(0)
2 = -2C
Si x = 0
C = -1
3 = -3A + B(0) + C + D(0)
3 = -3A
Si x = 3
A = -1
6 = A(0) + B(0) C(0) + 12D
Entonces:
6 = 12D
Falta! B
x=2
D=
3 = -A 2B 2C + 2D
3 = 1 2B +2 + 1
B = 1/2
x 2 x +3
1
1
1
1
= +
+
+
2
2
x 2( x1) ( x1) 2( x 3)
x ( x3)(x1)
Entones:
=
1
1
1
1
dx+
dx +
dx +
dx
2
x
2(x1)
2(
x3)
( x1)
dx 1
dx
dx
1
dx
+
+
+
2
x 2 x1
( x1 ) 2 x3
1
( x1 )
1
1
= ln| x|+ ln |x1|
+ ln|x 3|+C
2
1
2
1
1
1
+ ln|x3|+C
= ln| x|+ ln |x1|+
2
x1 2
= ln
x 3 x1
1
+
+C
x
x1
3
43. Calcular la integral:
x +11 x5
dx
x 6( x2)
4
Tenemos: (x-2)4 hay un factor que se repite 4 veces
Luego:
3
x 6 x +11 x5
A
B
C
D
=
+
+
+
4
2
3
x2
( x2)
(x2) (x2) (x2)4
X3 6x2 + 11x 5 = A(x-2)3 + B(x-2)2 + C(x-2) + D
Decimos:
Si x = 2
1 = A(0) + B(0) + C(0) + D
1=D
D=1
Entonces:
x3 + 6x2 + 11x 5 =
A(x3 6x2 + 12x + 8) + B(x2-4x+4) + C(x-2) + D
A(x3 6Ax2 + 12Ax + 8A + Bx2-4Bx+4B + Cx-2C + D
Ax3 6Ax2 + Bx2 + 12Ax - 4Bx+Cx + 8A + 4B -2C + D
A= 1
A= 1
6A + B = 6
B=0
12A 4B + C = 11
C = -1
8A + 4B +2C + D = 5
D = -1
Entonces:
3
x 6 x +11 x5
1
0
1
1
=
+
+
+
4
2
3
( x2) (x2) (x2) (x2)4
( x2)
1
1
+
3
( x2)
( x2)4
1
+
x2
(x2)3 (x2)4
ln |x2|1
1
1
ln |x2|+
+
+C
2
2( x2) 3( x2)3
