POTENCIAL DE POZO INFINITO
Fsica Moderna
Daniel Parra Ospina
[email protected]Universidad Tecnolgica de Pereira
Ingeniera Fsica
Pereira
Pozo de Potencial Infinito
1. Energas
En y funciones de onda n
Las soluciones admisibles dentro de la caja son:
( x )=
Asin ( kx )(1)
Bcos ( kx ) (2)
Solucin para (1):
( 0 )= ( a )=0 k n a=n k n=
n
; n=1, 2,3, 4,
a
2 mE ( n )
2 2 2
k n = 2 = 2 E n=
n ; n=1,2, 3, 4,
a
2m a2
2
Condicin de normalizacin para (1):
a
A 2 sin2 (k n x)dx=
A2
A2
1
1cos
(
2k
x
)
dx
=
x+
sin ( 2 k n x) a
[
]
n
2 0
2
2 kn
0
A 2 sin2 (k n x)dx=
A2
1
2n
1
2n
a+
sin
a
sin
0
2
2kn
a
2 kn
a
)]
A2
2
A sin (k n x)dx= a=1 A=
2
a
2
Funcin de onda normalizada:
n ( x )=
2
n
sin
x ;0x a
a
a
0 ; Cualquier otro caso
( )
2. Funcin de onda n ( p )
a
1
2
n
n( p) =
sin
x e
a
2 0 a
[
a
1
e
n( p) =
a 0
( )
n
x
a
e
2i
n
x
a
ipx
dx
ipx
dx
1
1 a i n xipx i n x ipx
a
n( p)=
e a e a dx
2i
0
1
1
a
n( p)=
2i
[(
[(
( na p /)ix
( na + p / )ix
e
e
a
+
0
n
n
i
p/ i
+ p/
a
a
) (
1
n
( + p / ) ia
1
(na p/ )ia
a
e
1 e a
1
n( p)=
+
2i
n
n
i
p /
i
+ p/
a
a
n( p)=
[(
(e na p / ) ia2
n
p /
a
) (
()
(e na p / )ia2 e( na p /) ia2
2i
( na + p/ )ia/ 2 e( na + p/ )ia/ 2e( na + p/ )ia/ 2
e
i
n
+ p /
a
()
2i
a
e
4
n
n
n
( + p/ ) ia/ 2
p /
+ p/
a
1
a
e
a
n( p)=
sin
a
sin
a
a
2
2
n
n
i
p /
i
+ p /
a
a
n( p)=
n( p)=
(e na p / ) ia2
n
n
ia
p /
a ( a p / ) 2
a
e
sin
a
2
2
( na p/ ) a2
( na + p/ )ia/ 2
3. Representacin grfica de
n
n
+ p/
a ( a + p /) ia /2
a
e
sin
a
2
2
( na + p/ ) a2
}]
}] [
n
n
+ p /
n
ia
p /
p/ )
(
a
a
2
Sa
a e a
Sa
a
2
2
| n ( p )|
para n=1n=2
n
n
n
n
+ p /
n
ia
p/
n
+ p/
n
( + p / ) ia /2
p / )
+ p / ) ia/ 2
( p /
(
(
a
a
a
a
a
a
2
a
a
(
)
p
=
e
Sa
a
e
Sa
a
e
Sa
a
e
| n | 4
2
2
2
2
[( { })
n
+ p/
2
a
a
(
p
)
=
S
a
a
| n | 4
2
in
in
+ e =2 (1 )
n+1
[(
}( {
}) ]
2
; n=1,2, 3, 4,
2
| n ( p )| = 4 a Sa n 2 + pa/2
[ {
})
n=1; bosquejo de| 1 ( p )|
} {
}( {
n +1
2 (1 ) Sa n + pa/2 Sa n pa/2 + Sa n pa/ 2
2
2
2
| n ( p )| = 2h Sa n 2 + pa/2 (1 )n +1 Sa n 2 pa /2
2
} {
n
n
n
+ p /
p/
p /
a
a
a
( ein +e in ) Sa
a Sa
a + Sa
a
2
2
2
}]
}) ]
2
n=2; bosquejo de| 2 ( p )|
4. Bosquejo de
| n ( p )|
para n grande
5. Usar n ( p )
para calcular p
p = p| n ( p )| dp ;| n ( p )| Funcin Par en regin simtrica.
p = p| n ( p )| dp=0
6. Usar n ( p )
p = p | n ( p )| dp=
2
p2
para calcular
[ {
p 2a
Sa n + pa/2 (1 )n+ 1 Sa n pa/2
2h
2
2
[ {
p2
usando n ( x )
p = a p 2 Sa n + pa /2 (1 )n+1 Sa n pa/2
2 h
2
2
2
7. Calcular
}] dp
d2 n ( x )
p = n ( x )
dx
d x2
0
2
d n ( x ) n
=
dx
a
( )
( ) 2a sin ( na x)
d n ( x )
2
n
n
cos
x
=
2
a
a
a
dx
}] dp
2 a
( ) [
p2= 1
n
a a
n
a
1cos
)]
( ) [ x 2 an sin ( 2 na x)] a0
2
2 n
1 n
x dx=
a
a a
( )
p2=
8. Principio de incertidumbre
a
)]
x = 2 x sin2 n x dx= 1 xxcos 2n x dx
a0
a
a 0
a
( )
u=x du=dx ; dv=cos
x = 1
a
x =
x dx
0
( 2an x) dx v= 2an sin ( 2 na x )
)]
1 x 2 ax
2n
a 2
2 n
sin
x
cos
x a
a 2 2 n
a
2 n
a
0
)( ) (
2
2
x = 1 a a sin ( 2 n ) a
a 2
x =
ax
2 n a
a
2n
sin
x +
sin
x dx
2 n
a
0 0 2 n
a
( 2n )
2 n
cos ( 2n )+
( )]
a
2 n
a
2
a
x = 2 x2 sin2 n x dx= 1
a 0
a
a
2
( )
u=x 2 du=2 xdx ; dv =cos
dx x 2 cos
( 2na x) dx ]
( 2 na x ) dx v= 2an sin ( 2 na x )
x = 2 x2 sin2 n x dx= 1 x a x sin 2 n x + a xsin 2 n x dx
a 0
a
a 3 2 n
a
n 0
a
2
( )
3
2
x = 1 x a x sin 2 n x + a xsin 2 n x dx
a 3 2 n
a
n 0
a
2
u=x du=dx ; dv=sin
( 2na x) dx v = 2an cos( 2 na x )
x3 a x2
2 n
1 a
sin
x
a 3 2 n
a
2 n
x2 = 1
[ ((
3
x2 = 1
x2 = a
x=
) (
) ( ) xcos( 2 na x )] a0
1 a 2 1
1
=
a2
2
2 n
3 2 ( n )
( ) (
x x =
2
x=a
1
1
a2
2
3 2 ( n )2
4
1
1
a ( n )
=
2
2
12 2 ( n ) 2n
3
p =0
n
a
( )
p2=
p=
p p =
p=
n
a
n
a
n
a
2
( n )2
a
( n )
p x=
2=
2
2 n
3
2
3
Para n=1
2
p x=
2 0,5678
2 3
Para n=2
2 a
) ( )
x
1 a
ax
2 n
1 a
+
sin
x
a 3 4 n
2 n
a
2 n
) ( ) cos ( 2na x) dx ]
2n
1 a
x +
a
2 n
xcos
p x=
4 2
2 1,6703
2 3
