COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
GRAMMAR FOCUS:
Module 1
Zero Conditional
Simple Future
First Conditional
Module 2
to be used to + ing
used to
Module 3
Pats
Pats
Pats
Pats
Progressive
Progressive
Progressive
Progressive
tense - short answers
- specific time in the past
- parallel actions
- interrupted actions
Module 4
Imperatives to give instructions and directions
Phrasal verbs
Modal verbs for polite request
Zero Conditional
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
Este tipo de condicional se utiliza cuando la condicin y el resultado siempre es
verdad, como por ejemplo los hechos cientficos o las verdades generales.
La estructura:
If
Condicin
Resultado
If
Present simple
Present simple
Se puede invertir la estructura de los frases sin cambiar el significado.
If
Resultado
Condicin
If
Present simple
Present simple
If you freeze water, it turns into ice. - Si congelas el agua, se convierte en
hielo.
If I run too fast, I quickly get tired. - Si corro demasiado rapido, me canso en
seguida.
If I have time, I go for a walk. - Si tengo tiempo, doy un paseo.
If she eats fish, she suffers an allergy attack. - Si ella come pescado, le da
alergia.
If they phone, tell them to meet me at the cinema. - Si llaman, digales que
quedamos en el cine.
Ask Mary, if you're not sure what to do. - Pregunta a Mara, si no ests seguro
de qu hacer.
When
Tambin, en general con este tipo de condicional, podemos sustituir "if" por "when"
sin cambiar el significado.
When they come to visit the children, they always bring a present. - Cuando
vienen a visitar a los nios, siempre traen un regalo.
When you leave, turn off the lights. - Cuando salgas, apaga las luces.
Simple Future
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
El "simple future" se refiere a un tiempo posterior al actual y expresa hechos o
certezas. En este caso, no hay lugar para la actitud.
El "simple future" se emplea:
Para
predecir
It will rain tomorrow.
un
Con
"I"
o
"we",
para
expresar
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
Para expresar voluntad o disposicin de hacer algo: I'll do the washing-up.
He'll carry your bag for you.
En forma negativa, para expresar rechazo o falta de disposicin para hacer
algo:
The
baby won't
eat his
soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
En forma interrogativa con "shall" y "I", para formular un ofrecimiento:
Shall I open the window?
En forma interrogativa con "shall" y "we", para formular una sugerencia:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
En forma interrogativa con "shall" y "I", para solicitar consejo o instrucciones:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
Con
"you",
You will do exactly as I say.
En forma interrogativa con
Will
you
come to
Will you marry me?
para
evento
una
futuro:
decisin
dar
"you", para formular
the
dance
espontnea:
rdenes:
una invitacin:
with
me?
Nota:en el ingls actual, will tiene un uso preferente frente a shall. "Shall" se utiliza
fundamentalmente con las primeras personas, I y we, para ofrecer o sugerir algo, o
para pedir consejo (ver los ejemplos anteriores). Con el resto de las personas (you,
he, she, they) "shall" se emplea nicamente en construcciones poticas o literarias,
e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her toes, She shall have music wherever
she goes."
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
First Conditional
Utilizamos el condicional 1 para hablar de una posibilidad real en el
futuro; es decir, de una accin que es posible que ocurra en el futuro
siempre y cuando se cumpla la condicin.
Ejemplo con explicacin:
Pensemos en que una amiga me pedio el favor de ayudarla a estudiar para
un examen que se realizar maana; yo no s si pueda ayudarla porque
no s si tengo que trabajar maana, entonces yo le digo:
If I have time tomorrow, I will help you. (Si tengo tiempo maana, te
ayudar)
Estructura:
Este condicional tiene dos partes: la condicin y el resultado.
Observa los siguientes ejemplos:
-If you come to the party, you will meet my sister. (Si vienes a la fiesta,
conocers a mi hermana)
-If she gets home late, I will be very angry. (Si ella llega a la casa tarde,
estar muy enejado)
La condicin:
If you come to the party, (Si vienes a la fiesta,)
If she gets home late, (Si ella llega a la casa tarde,)
El tiempo verbal que utilizamos para la oracin condicional es el presente
simple -you come y she gets- (Para mayor informacin sobre este
tiempo verbal puedes ir a la leccin sobre elpresente simple en ingls)
El resultado:
You will meet my sister. (Conocers a mi hermana)
I will be very angry. (Estar muy enfadado)
Estas frases utilizan el futuro con WILL acompaando de la FORMA BASE
DEL VERBO -will meet y will be-. (Puedes ir a la leccin sobre el futuro
con WILL)
Recuerda:
Podemos cambiar el orden de la oracin sin alterar el significado:
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
I will help you if I have time. (Te ayudar si tengo tiempo)
Podemos usar los verbos modales CAN o MAY en lugar de WILL;
ejemplos:
-If I dont have to work on Saturday, we can go to the cinema. (Si no tengo
que trabajar el sbado, podemos ver una pelcula)
-If she studies hard for the exam, she may get a good grade. (Si
ella estudia dura para el examen, puede que obtenga una buena
calificacin)
to be used to + ing
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
used to
El verbo use significa usar o utilizar. Sin embargo, cuando utilizamos este
verbo en el pasado simple, ms la preposicin to, como verbo modal, el significado
cambia. Adems, se puede utilizar used to como adjetivo. A continuacin tienes
una explicacin de los diferentes usos.
To used to
(Soler)
El verbo modal used to se emplea para indicar algo que ocurra o sucedera en el
pasado de manera habitual. Tambin, se utiliza para algo que antes era verdad pero
ya no lo es. Como con los otros verbos modales, used to est seguido por la forma
base del verbo (el infinitivo sin to).
Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Sujeto + used to + verbo
Ejemplos:
We used to go to the beach every summer when I was young. (Cuando era joven
solamos ir a la playa cada verano.)
He used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, but he quit last year. (Sola fumar un
paquete de cigarrillos al da, pero lo dej el ao pasado.)
I used to like mushrooms, but not anymore. (Me solan gustar las setas, pero ya no.)
There used to be a great restaurant here, but it closed a few years ago. (Haba un
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
gran restaurante aqu, pero cerr hace unos aos.)
2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Sujeto + didnt + use to + verbo
Ejemplos:
I didnt use to like mushrooms, but now I do. (No me solan gustar las setas, pero
ahora si.)
Food didnt use to be so expensive. (La comida no sola ser tan cara.)
We didnt use to go away on holiday very often when I was young. (No solamos ir
de vacaciones a menudo cuando era joven.)
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Did + sujeto + use to + verbo?
Ejemplos:
Didnt he use to smoke a lot? (l sola fumar mucho, no?)
Did you use to live here? (Vivas aqu antes?)
Did they use to go to the beach in the summers? (Solan ir a la playa durante los
veranos?)
Nota: No utilizamos used to para acciones habituales en el presente. En vez de
este verbo modal, se usa un adverbio como usually o normally por ejemplo.
Ejemplos:
We usually go to the beach every summer. (Solemos ir a la playa cada verano.)
He normally smokes a pack of cigarettes every day. (Normalmente l fuma un paquete de cigarrillos
cada da.)
They usually play football on the weekends. (Suelen jugar a ftbol los fines de semana.)
Nota: Tambin se puede utilizar el verbo modal would para eventos o acciones
repetidas en el pasado. Pero ten en cuenta que slo se puede usar con acciones, no
con estados o hbitos. Tampoco se puede utilizar would en el negativo. Para
informacin de los otros usos de would ver las lecciones de frases condicionales y
los verbos modales.
Pats Progressive tense - short answers
We use the Past Continuous Tense to say that something was going on around a
particular time in the past.
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
Forming present continuous
subject + am/is/are + V ing.
I am studying.
Tom is working.
The children are playing.
Forming past continuous tense
subject + was/were +V -ing.
I was studying.
Tom was working.
The children were playing.
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
Subjec
t
I
He
She
It
We
You
They
Past
Tense of
Be
was
were
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Base Form of
Past Tense of Base Form of
Subject
Verb +Ing
Be + Not
Verb +Ing
working.
I
He
She
It
was not
(wasn't)
working.
working.
We
You
They
were not
(weren't)
working.
Yes / No Questions
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Past
Tense of
Be
Was
Subject
I
he
she
Base For of
Verb + Ing
Short Answers
Affirmative
Short Answers
Negative
working?
Yes. I
he
she
No. I
he
she
was
was not
(wasn't)
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
Were
it
it
it
we
you
they
we
wer
you
e
they
we
you
the
y
working?
were not
(weren't)
Example Sentences
I was studying chemistry last night.
In 1992 we were living in Cuba.
Today shes wearing a blue dress, but yesterday she was wearing a black one.
Jimmy wasnt working very hard.
The players were not playing well.
When the phone rang I was cleaning the windows.
I fell asleep while I was reading a book.
He was driving fast when the accident happened.
Were you watching television when I called you?
No, I wasnt. I was listening to music.
Was it raining when you left the house?
No, it wasnt. It was sleeting when I left the house.
Pats Progressive - specific time in the past
Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)
Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > riding
For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
For a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is
stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin >
beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)
The past progressive tense is difficult for many non-native speakers to master because many
languages dont have an equivalent.
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
The past progressive describes an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past. It can
be used:
To describe an action that started in the past and was interrupted by another action:
1. He was writing an e-mail when the phone rang.
2. When the phone rang, he was writing an e-mail.
3. While he was writing an e-mail, the phone rang
To describe two actions that were in progress at the same time in the past:
1. I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs.
2. While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner
Note: The word order in the sentence can be switched around as in the examples above,
however, it is important to remember that we use the time expression while before the past
progressive and the word when before the past simple part of the sentence. Use only one of
these time expressions in each sentence.
The past progressive is formed using was or were and the ing (present participle) form of the
verb.
Subject
a form of be + verbing
rest of sentence
I / He / She / It
was finishing
the exam when the bell rang
You / We / They
were paying
the bill while I was waiting to be seated
Negatives in the Past Progressive (Continuous)
Spelling Tip
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 6 IXCAQUIXTLA
Alumno: Lisandro Barragn Zarate
When shortening the 1st & 3rd person (I, he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add
an apostrophe ()
was not > wasnt
were not > werent
The negative in the past progressive tense is created using was not or were not + the ing
(present participle) form of the verb.
Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: wasnt, werent. Save the long forms for
when you want to create emphasis.
Subject
a form of be + verbing
rest of sentence
I /He / She / It
wasnt crying
when you came home
You / We / They
werent hiking
there when the earthquake hit
1. I wasnt sleeping when you came home last night.
2. When Ms. Foster came in, the girls werent studying.
3. Sam wasnt lying when he said he loved you.
Pats Progressive - parallel actions
