Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect Tense)

El Presente Perfecto en el idioma ingls es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a acciones que suceden en un pasado reciente y que guardan alguna relacin con el presente. Su equivalente en el idioma espaol es el Pretrito Perfecto: I have sent the letter. Yo he enviado la carta. (Indica que la accin acaba de suceder) Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Presente Perfecto debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo TO HAVE en Presente Simple y acompaado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares): I have bought a new dress. Yo he comprado un nuevo vestido. You have studied the lesson. He has broken the window. She has lost the keys. T has estudiado la leccin. l ha roto la ventana. Ella ha perdido las llaves.

Recuerden que a las 3 personas del singular deben colocar la "S" en el auxiliar ya que se trata del Presente Simple. En cambio, para formar una interrogacin deberemos colocar el auxiliar al comienzo de la oracin, luego el sujeto y posteriormente el verbo principal tambin en Pasado Participio: Have I bought a new dress? He comprado un nuevo vestido? Have you studied the lesson? Has he broken the window? Has she lost the keys? Has estudiado la leccin? Ha roto l la ventana? Ha perdido ella las llaves?

Por su parte, la forma negativa se forma poniendo la negacin NOT entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal, por ejemplo: I have not bought a new dress. Yo no he comprado un nuevo vestido. You have not studied the lesson. T no has estudiado la leccin.

He has not broken the window. She has not lost the keys.

l no ha roto la ventana. Ella no ha perdido la llave.

Tambin puede utilizarse la forma contrada de la negacin colocando HAVEN'T o HASN'T segn corresponda. Cabe destacar que cuando hablamos en Presente Perfecto no debemos mencionar el momento en que se ha producido la accin, ya que de hacerlo deberamos utilizar el Pasado Simple, por ejemplo: I have sold my car. Yo he vendido mi auto. (Presente Perfecto) I sold my car this morning. Yo vend mi auto esta maana. (Pasado Simple)

El presente perfecto en ingls se usa para acciones del pasado reciente que an tienen efecto en el presente.

El presente perfecto se forma con el auxiliar have y el participio pasado del verbo.

El negativos se hace con have/has+not.

El interrogativos se hace as:

Equivale a Pretrito Perfecto del Espaol.

She has eaten the orange. We have bought a car.

Se ha comido la naranja. Hemos comprado un coche.

Al contrario que con el pasado simple. No solemos mencionar el momento de la accin. Se supone que se acaba de realizar.

Yesterday he ate an orange.

Se comi la naranja ayer.

She has eaten the orange.

Se ha comido la naranja.

Pica aqu

Buy Eat Sleep

Bought Ate Slept

Bought Eaten Slept

Comprar Comer Dormir

En los verbos regulares se le aade

ed

como en los pasados.

Talk Paint Cook

Talked Painted Cooked

Talked Painted Cooked

Hablar Pintar cocinar

La respuesta corta se hace con el pronombre y el auxiliar have o has para la afirmativa y haven't o hasn't para el negativo.

Yes,I have. Have you played? No, I haven't

Recuerda que en las respuestas cortas hay que usar los pronombres y nunca los nombres.

Yes,she has. Has Mary played? No, she hasn't.

Structure To form the Present Perfect Tense we use has or have with the past participle form of the verb. Most past participles

Examples 1. My sister-in-law has been a teacher since 2000. 2. David has worked in Spain since 1996. 3. He hasn't smoked for three years. 4. We have

We use the Present Perfect Tense: to express an action that began in the past and continues in the present (often with since and for).

end in -ed (worked, studied, etc.). Irregular verbs have special past participles that must be memorized. (went,spoken, seen, etc.) Affirmative form I you we they have worked

lived here for fifteen years. 1. They have never been abroa d. 2. Jane has already received h er birthday presents. with adverbs such 3. The as ever , already,never, recently, lately, yet, alwa child has never asked me ys , etc. such questions before. 4. She has never expected suc h a change for the worse. 5. My coleague has been very busy recently. 1. They have watched this film. 2. She has lost her keys. 3. The children have washed the dishes. 4. I have read this book. 5. We have moved into a new house. 6. Diana has changed her job.

he/she/it has worked /-s/ watch - watched /-ed/ play - played /-ed/ study - studied /-ed/ ! Remember: to be - been to do - did to have - had Negative form I you we they

to express an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past (the exact time when it happened is not important)

1. I have written many HAVE NOT /haven't/ letters since I moved to Canada. WORKED 2. We have had five tests so to talk about a repeated action in the past far this semester. with unspecified time of completion (with so 3. He has been in New far, many times, since, for the last year, for he/she/it HAS NOT York many times . hours, for a week,several times, etc.) /hasn't / WORKED 4. I have played tennis every 1. They haven't been to New sunday morning for the last two years. York yet. 2. She hasn't seen him so far. Interrogative form HAVE ? I you we they 1. Emma has just washed her hair. 2. We have just finished our lunch.

to talk about a very recently completed action

WORKED 1. This is one of the most beautiful country she has ever visited. 2. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.

we often use Present Perfect after a superlatives

1. This is the first time I've ever visited your website and I think it is we also use Present Perfect with the awesome. expressions "This is the first time...","It's the 2. It's the first first time...", etc. time I've ever eaten Chinese food. HAS he/she/it WORKED? 1. You can go out as soon sometimes Present Perfect is used to as you have finished your emphasize on the completion of the act in the 1. Have you ever worked fro homework. time clause (with time words such as m home? 2. I will go to bed after I have when , until , after , before, as soon as) 2. Has he ever been to Italy? written my report.

Present Perfect Tense I have sung The present perfect tense is a rather important tense in English, but it gives speakers of some languages a difficult time. That is because it uses concepts or ideas that do not exist in those languages. In fact, the structure of the present perfect tense is very simple. The problems come with the use of the tense. In addition, there are some differences in usage between British and American English. In this lesson we look at the structure and use of the present perfect, followed by a quiz to check your understanding: Structure: how to make the present perfect tense Use: when and why to use the present perfect tense For and Since with the present perfect tense. What's the difference? Present Perfect Quiz The present perfect tense is really a very interesting tense, and a very useful one. Try not to translate the present perfect tense into your language. Just try to accept the concepts of this tense and learn to "think" present perfect! You will soon learn to like the present perfect tense! How do we make the Present Perfect Tense? The structure of the present perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb + main verb have past participle Here are some examples of the present perfect tense: subject + + ? I You She We Have auxiliary verb have have has have you not not main verb seen eaten been played finished? ET. mine. to Rome. football.

Have

they

done

it?

Contractions with the present perfect tense When we use the present perfect tense in speaking, we usually contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this when we write. I have You have He has She has It has John has The car has We have They have I've You've He's She's It's John's The car's We've They've

Here are some examples: I've finished my work. John's seen ET. They've gone home. He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have and be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean: It has eaten. [present perfect tense, active voice] It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice] It is usually clear from the context. How do we use the Present Perfect Tense? This tense is called the present perfect tense. There is always a connection with the past and with thepresent. There are basically three uses for the present perfect tense: 1. experience 2. change 3. continuing situation 1. Present perfect tense for experience We often use the present perfect tense to talk about experience from the past. We are not interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it: I have seen ET. He has lived in Bangkok. Have you been there? We have never eaten caviar. past present !!! future

The action or state was in the past.

In my head, I have a memory now.

Connection with past: the event was in the past. Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it. 2. Present perfect tense for change We also use the present perfect tense to talk about a change or new information: I have bought a car. past Last week I didn't have a car. present + Now I have a car. future

John has broken his leg. past + Yesterday John had a good leg. present Now he has a bad leg. future

Has the price gone up? past + Was the price $1.50 yesterday? present Is the price $1.70 today? future

The police have arrested the killer. past Yesterday the killer was free. present + Now he is in prison. future

Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present. Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past. Americans do not use the present perfect tense so much as British speakers. Americans often use the past tense instead. An American might say "Did you have lunch?", where a British person would say "Have you had lunch?" 3. Present perfect tense for continuing situation We often use the present perfect tense to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future). This is astate (not an action). We usually use for or since with this structure. I have worked here since June. He has been ill for 2 days. How long have you known Tara? past present future

The situation started in the past.

It continues up to now.

(It will probably continue into the future.)

Connection with past: the situation started in the past. Connection with present: the situation continues in the present. For & Since with Present Perfect Tense We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday. for since a point in past time x------------

a period of time

20 minutes three days 6 months 4 years

6.15pm Monday January 1994

2 centuries a long time ever etc Here are some examples:

1800 I left school the beginning of time etc

I have been here for 20 minutes. I have been here since 9 o'clock. John hasn't called for 6 months. John hasn't called since February. He has worked in New York for a long time. He has worked in New York since he left school.

For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.