Materiales para La Envoltura Globo Aerostatico
Materiales para La Envoltura Globo Aerostatico
Critical safety measures include ensuring the bucha is properly sized and not overloaded with paraffin, as excessive paraffin can drip when heated, posing a fire hazard. The preparation requires careful heating of paraffin and complete immersion of the paper towel bucha, with excess paraffin squeezed out. The diameter of the mouth and the height of the araña should be within specified proportions to prevent paper from ripping or catching fire. Additionally, using a gala and avoiding volatile materials like gasoline or excessive paraffin amounts is essential for safe flight. Testing the heat of the balloon by placing a hand on its exterior before launch and adjusting the bucha size if necessary is also crucial .
The size of the globo directly influences the choice and dimensions of materials like the bucha, aro, and araña. A larger globo requires a proportionally bigger mouth to allow for sufficient air flow and heat, which can necessitate adjustments in the construction of the supporting structures. For example, the diameter of the mouth must be large enough to maintain a safe distance between the heat source and the balloon paper, usually around 10% of the gajo's length. Similarly, the thickness of the galvanized wire for the aro must be chosen to provide stability without adding unnecessary weight, with 1.2 mm being optimal for smaller balloons. Additionally, the bucha size must be managed to provide adequate heat without compromising safety or causing damage to the balloon .
Using overly thick wire for the aro can introduce several disadvantages. It adds unnecessary weight to the balloon, reducing its ascent efficiency and total flight time. The increased weight might also compromise the structural flexibility needed for shaping the aro, possibly leading to deformation of the balloon’s mouth. A heavy aro could also affect the balance and stability during flight, increasing the likelihood of tilt or tip-overs. Furthermore, handling thicker wire complicates assembly efforts and can lead to wear and tear on the balloon’s paper, enhancing the risk of rips and tears .
Paraffin is preferred for its non-explosive nature and prolonged burning time, which enhances the duration and safety of the flight. It's a solid derivative of petroleum that melts safely without vaporizing quickly. The preparation involves melting paraffin at an optimal temperature until a slight bubbling indicates it's ready. The paper towel bucha is then submerged to absorb the paraffin. It’s crucial to avoid excess paraffin to ensure the bucha is lightweight and does not drip flaming paraffin during flight. Excessive paraffin can lead to safety hazards, including fire risks and burns during handling .
Galvanized wire is used in the construction of hot air balloons primarily due to its adaptability, durability, and cost-effectiveness. It provides a stable framework for the balloon’s structure, particularly for creating the aro that supports the araña carrying the bucha. In practice, wire of 1.2 mm thickness is suitable for balloons constructed with 16 sheets of paper. The construction involves shaping the wire into a ring that matches the size of the balloon’s mouth and securing it with tape or a plastic tube. This ensures seamless attachment to the balloon without deformations or gaps .
The construction of the mouth of a hot air balloon requires careful planning and execution. Key components include the bucha, which should be safely positioned within the balloon and protected by the araña and aro. The diameter of the mouth should be approximately 10% of the length of the gajo of the balloon, ensuring easy access for lighting the bucha. It is also crucial to maintain the proportions of the bucha to avoid risk of fire hazard. The height of the araña must be 50% of the mouth’s diameter, avoiding instability that could lead to the balloon overturning during flight. To prevent the paper from reaching near the fire, feedback about its heat condition before launch should be gathered strategically .
The construction technique of the gajos, including precise cutting and joining, significantly affects the balloon's structural integrity and aerodynamic performance. Gajos must be cut diagonally and uniformly to form symmetrical top and bottom pyramids, ensuring balanced weight distribution and preventing unwanted tippages. Proper joining with uniform dobladillos and careful alignment fosters a smooth aerodynamics, reducing surface irregularities and preventing drag. Incorrect construction can cause air leaks, degradation in performance, and increased risk of structural failure during flight. Consistent design promotes lift efficiency and stability .
An experimental framework should involve constructing multiple hot air balloons of the same size, but utilizing different wire thicknesses for the aro, such as 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.5 mm galvanized wires. The experiment would be conducted in a controlled environment replicating typical launch conditions. Each balloon would be fitted with identical bucha sizes and observe the ascent rate, total flight duration, and stability during flight and landing. Parameters like wind condition, air temperature, and launch timing should be standardized. Observations should focus on deformation, load-bearing performance, and safety measures post-flight. Data would be collected for comparisons .
To test the durability of different paper materials, an experiment involving controlled conditions to emulate environmental stressors such as heat, wind, and mechanical stress should be designed. Samples of each material, cut to standard gajo dimensions, would be prepared and subjected to controlled heating to simulate proximity to the bucha flame, applying gradual air pressure to test resistance to wind, and repetitive tension tests to assess joint strength. Tracking deformation, combustion, and tear resistance would provide insight. Additionally, flight tests using balloons made from each material under identical conditions would assess practical durability .
The arrangement and positioning of the bucha are crucial as they directly impact combustion quality, flight duration, and safety. Placing the bucha centrally within a secured araña attached to the aro allows the fire to be evenly distributed while preventing contact with the surrounding balloon paper. An arrangement with multiple buchas in cross formation optimizes area coverage, minimizes weight, and provides sustained flight time by allowing sequential lighting. Incorrect positioning can lead to uneven heating, increased risk of fire contact with the balloon paper, and potential hazards if burning paraffin drips. Proper setup ensures optimal buoyancy and stability .