MACMITLAN MASTER SERIES

ROBERT CLARKE

wtcMILIN

Buenos das. 2Cmo est usted?

fdentification: introductions and goodbyes

2A qu hora l|egamos?

Dialogues

Diatogue
Tmmiorqtinn

Robert and Joan Robinson arrive in Spain and pass through Customs and

Po|ica: Buenos das' Su pasaporte, por favor. Robert: Aqu tiene usted. Po|ica: Usted es ingls, ;verdad?
BUENOS DIAS. 1COMO ESTA USTED?
I

Vamos a Espaa

Robert. Eso es. Polica: Y, ;quin eS esta seora? Robert: Esta es mi mujer, Joan Robinson. Polica: iY sus hijos? Robert: No estn con nosotros. Estn en Inglaterra. Po|ica. Muy bien. ;Cunto tiempo van ustedes a estar Robert; Tres semanas. Po|ica; Muy bien. Gracias. Adis. Robert: Adis.

en Espaa?

Diatogue 2
The Robinsons arrive at their hotel and check in at reception.

Robert. Buenos das. Soy el seor Robinson. ;Tiene usted una habitacin
Recepcionista: ;Robinson? (Jn momento. ;Cmo se escribe su nombre? Robert: R-o-b-i-n-s-o-n. Robinson. Recepcionista: Ah, s. Aqu est' El seor Robinson de York en Inglaterra' Robert: Eso es. Recepcionista: Una habitacin con bao por cinco das, iverdad? Robert: S, eso es. Recepcionista: La habitacin nmero doce en el primer piso. Aqu tiene usted
reservada en mi nombre?

Robert. Muchasgraclas. Recepcionista: A usted,

la llave.

seor.

Diatogue 3
In the evening the Robinsons go to meet some friends in a caf. Mr Robinson knows them but Mrs Robinson does not.

Juan Lpez: Buenas tardes, Roberto. 4Qu hay? Robert: Hola, Juan. Esta es mi mujer, Joan _ Juana en espaol. Juan Lpez: Mucho gusto' seora Robinson.

MASTERING SPINIS/1

Joan: El

gusto es mo, seor Lpez. Juan Lpez: 4Puedo presentarle a mi mujer? Mara, sta es Juana Robinson, la

Mara Lpez; Mucho gusto) Juana. .)oan Encantada, Mara. Juan Lpez. Bueno. Sintense. ;Qu van a tomar?

mujer de Roberto.

Vocabulary
e| da

l:ueno/a/os/as buenos das

good good day, good morning your. his. her. their passport
please here has, have day

su/sus e pasaporte

por favor aqu tiene

usted
es
i

you (polite speech)

is, are
true? is that right? isn't it?

n g| s / e s a / es es,/es a s

English

2verdad? eso eso es

2quin? mi/mis

este/a |a seora la mu.1er el hl..1o los hl..1os estn estamos

that that's it. that's rioht and who? this lady, Mrs my wife, woman son

no

children, sons no, not

are (they are) are (we are,
us, we

con nosolros

with

bien muy 2cunto? el tiempo van

ustedes Espaa
eSIar tres

Inglaterra

well very how much? time

to be three

England

go, are going (they) you (plural, polite speech)

Spain

ta semana

las vacaciones

week holidays

BUENos DiAs' C()Mo ESTA UsrED.)

gractas
adis

thank you goodbye

soy |a habitacin

Iam

room

reservado/a el nombre el momento

2cmo? escribir se escribe
si

reserved

name

moment

how? to write one writes, it is written

yes

e| bao e| nmero

bath, bathroom

por

for number
twelve first

ooce primero/a/os/as
el piso la llave
la tarde

floor (of building)' flat

buenas tardes

key afternoon, evening good afternoon, evening

what?

2qu? nay 2qu hay? hola

espa o|/a,/es,/as

there is, there are how are things, how are You?

mucho el gusto mucho gusto mo/a/os/as el gusto es mio puedo

presentar sintense

hello Spanish a lot, much mine

pleasure pleased to meet you

the pleasure's mine I can

tomar

to introduce sit down (addressing more than one person) to have (food and drink)

For supplementaty ttocabulaty lists see

p. 285

Explanations
a
The grammar summat))) to uhich the grammar re;ferences refer, begins on p. 342

(a) Meeting people andfortns of address

Spaniards shake hands when they meet people for the first time and at subseq,rent meetings. They also shake hands when leaving other people, and getting away from a large group of Spaniards can be quite complicated!

MASTERING SPINISI

.seor' $7hen meeting strangers for the first time, you address them as .seora' (Mrs) or .seorita' (Miss) and their Surname. If the meeting (Mr), takes place in the morning, the fuli greeting would be: Buenos das, seor Gc:nz|ez. Buenos das, seora Morales. Buenos das, seorita Agudo.

Good morning, Mr GonzIez. Good morning, Mrs Morales. Good morning, Miss Agudo.

The afternoon and evening are referred to by the same phrase, probably because the Spaniards consider the time between lunch (1 2 por) and dinner
(9-10 pm) as being a single part of the day. Thus the greetingbecomes:
Buenas tardes' seor

Gonz|ez'

Good afternoon/evening, Mr Gonzlez.

The form 'buenas noches' (good night) is usually used when it is night-time and can be used to greet people as well as to say 'good night'.
Adis, buenas noches

Goodbye, good night

When you know people fairly well, it is possible to greet them using 'don' or .doa' with their first name, but the greeting remains fairly formal. Buenas tardes, don Paco. Buenos das, doa Maria.

Good afternoon, Paco. Good morning, Maria. Hello, Isabel.

!7ith friends, the irst name is used.

Hola, lsabel.

(b) Polite andfarniliqr in socisl relationships

Polite forms are used to address strangers, people older than yourself, anyone in an official position such as policemen and Customs officials, and familiar forms are used to address friends, children and animals. (The previous rather rigid system is breaking down and some groups of people for example, students - regularly address each other in the familiar form whether they know each other or not. To avoid embarrassment it is better to start off in the polite form and wait for the Spaniard to invite vou to address him or her in the familiar form.)

(c) The polite forrn - grsr?xntar ref 7(i)

If you meet a bishop in England, you have to address him as follows:

How

zs

your Grace this morning?

and polite speech in Spanish has the same pattern with 'usted', a shortened form of 'vuestra merced' (your Grace) taking, as in English, the third person
singular of the verb.

Usted es ingls.

You're English.

BUENos oas. |cl,lo EST USTED?

Without the pronoun 'usted', the sentence has a quite different meaning.
Es ing|s.

He's English. You're English. They're English.

If you are talking to more than one person the plural form 'ustedes' is used:

Ustedes son ingleses. Son ingleses.

'Usted' can also be written 'Vd.' or 'Ud.', and 'ustedes' as 'Vds.' or 'Uds.'

(d)

The

farniliarJortn

This form, used to address friends, children and animals, is simpiy the second person of the verb in the singular form to address one person and the plural to
address more than one: Eres espao|, 2verdad? Sois ingleses, 2verdad?
The absence
o;f

You're Spanish, aren't you? You're English, aren't you?

subject pronouns is ex!>lained below.

(e) Expressing possessioz. - gra?rrvvtar ref 2(io)

To say 'my' in Spanish, use the word 'mi' with any singular noun:
staes mi mu.;er
b,ste es mr nuo.

*...

This is my wife. This is my son.

The plural form is 'mis':

Mis hr.;os estn en lnglaterra. Mis |laves estn aqu. 2Tiene usted su pasaporte? Su habitacin est aqu'

My children are in England My keys are here'

Do you have your passport? Your room is here. Your children are in England. Your keys are here.

To say 'your', use the word 'su'with any singular noun:

The plural form is 'sus':

Sus ht.'1os estn en IngIaterra Sus |laves estn aqu.

(fl Expressing identity - grarnrnar ref

yo
IU
|

7(i)

Subject pronouns I, you, he, she, we, you, they as follows:

T
I

- do

exist in Spanish and are

you (familiar form, sing.)

he
she

you (polite form, sing.)

ella usteo

6 [Link]

we

you {familiar [orm, pl.) you (polite form,

they

pl.)

nosotros,/as vosotros,/as ellos,/as

ustedes

However, they are rarely used, and it is the form of the verb, and particularly the ending, which tells you who or what is the subject of the verb:
Soy ingls. Eres francs Es aIemn'
Es alemana.

I'm English. You're French (sing.). He's German. She's German.

The only subject pronouns regularly used are 'usted' and 'ustedes' which refer to 'you' in the singular and the plural:
Usted es ing|s' Ustedes son ingleses. You're E,nglish (sing.). You're English (pl.).

The adjectives of nationality agree with the person described and change from the masculine form to the feminine if the Derson described is female:
Soy ing|s' Soy inglesa. Soy de York

I'm English (man speaking). I'm English (woman speaking). ['m from York.

To express where you are from, use the following:

(g) Ashing questions

You will have noticed that a question in Spanish starts with a question mark upside down and ends with one the right way up. This is because it is often impossible to invert the verb and subject as we do in Engiish:
He is English
In Spanish this becomes:
Es ingls. 2Es ing|s?
Is he English?

In speech, the question is recognised from the tone of voice and in writing from the question mark upside down which shows a question has started. If the verb has a subject, it is possible to form the question as in English.

Su h1o est aqu. 2Est su hi1o aqu?

Usted es francs' 2Es usted francs7

You're French. Are you French? Your son is here. Is your son here?

Another simple way to form a question is to use the word'2verdad?', which literally means 'truth?' and turns any sentence into a question.
e| seor Gmez, 2verdad? Esta mu.1er es espaola, 2verdad?

Usted es

You're Mr Gmez, aren't you? This woman is Spanish, isn't she?

7

BUENos DAS. C)MO EST USTED?

Other questions can be formed using question words:

2ouin? 2ouin es usted? 2Cunto? 2Cunto vale7

2Cmo?

Who?

$ho are you? How much? How much does it cost?

How?

2Cmo se escribe7

How is it written?
What?

2ou7 2ou es7

What is it?

(h)

[Link] ushere sornething

To say where something is, use Aqu est. 2Dnde estn sus h1os7 Estn en Madrid.
2(zt)
2Dnde est e| bar7

.est'

is'gratnrnar ref 8
or .estn' if more than one tlring is meant:

Where is the bar? Here it is. Where are your children? They're in Madrid.

(i) Indicating sornething or so?neone using 'this' - gratnrnar ref

Esta mujer es francesa. Este hombre es ingls.

This woman is French. This man is English. This is my Son. This is my wife.

To say 'this' or 'this one', simply leave out the noun.

stees mi sta es mi

hr-1o. mu.;er.

(j) Nurnbers 1-20 - gra??Lrnar ref 3

Several numbers occur in the dialogues, and here are the numbers 1 20:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 L4 15 B

uno [un hombre, una dos

tres

mu.;er)

cuatro cinco
seis

siete

ocho nueve diez once doce

trece

catorce quince

MASTERING S'PINIS/

16 17 18 l9 20 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

diecisis diecisiete

dieciocho diecinueve veinte primero/a (el primer piso' |a primera habitacin) segundo/a tercero/a (el tercer piso, |a tercera habitacin) cuarto quinto
1

One ordinal number occurs, and here are the ordinals lst to 5th:

(k) Singular and plural - grarrtrnar ref

Mi h|o est aqu'

If a noun ends in a vowel, the plural is formed by adding an '-s':

Mis [Link] estn aqu. La ||ave est en la mesa. Las llaves estn en |a mesa.

The key is on the table. The keys are on the table.

My son is here. My sons (children) are here.

If a noun ends in a consonant, the plural is formed by adding '-es': La habitacin e5 muy bonita. The room is very nice. Las habitaciones son muy bonitas. The rooms are very nice.

Therefore, you not only see but also hear all plurals in Spanish.

Exercises
a
The keg to these exercises begins on p. 292

r4
( ) \

oFo r students
Exercise

who wish to acquire a basic knowledge of Spanish.

t Arriving in Spain
favor.

Piay the part of Mr Robinson in the following dialogue. The clues in English will help you to remember the Spanish.

Po|ica: Usted

Polica. Buenos das. Su pasaporte' por Usted; (Sa1t here you are.)
es ingls, iverdad? (Say that's right.)

Polica: Y' iquin es esta

Usted:

Usted:

(Say this

is

your wife, Joan Robinson.)

seora?

aUENo.s DiAs' iCoMO EsT U\TED?

Po|ica: 4Cunto tiempo van ustedes

Usted: Usted:

a estar en Espaa?

Po|ica: Muy bien. Gracias. Adis.

(Say goodbye.)

(Salt three weeks.)

( \

Exercise 2 At the hotel

Play yourself in the following dialogue; greet the receptionist, identifii yourself and spell your name.

ReceDCionista: Buenosdas. Usted: (Sa1 good norning. You

are

Mr/Mrs/Miss... Ask

i;f

she has a room reserued

Recepcionista: ;Cmo

in your name.)

Usted.

Recepcionista: Una habitacin con bao por cinco das, ;verdad?

se escribe su nombre? (SPell your name.)

Usted: (Sayyes, Usted:

Recepcionista: La habitacin nmero doce en el primer piso. Aqu tiene usted

ReceDCionista: Austed.
la llave. (Sa1 nrur4t thanks.)

that's right.)

Exercise

Greeting peoPle

Play yourself in the following dialogue; exchange greetings with various people. (The words in brackets are to be used by female students.)
E| E|

Usted:

seor

Lpez: Mucho
(Say
the

gusto) seor (seora, seorita).

Usted;

seor Lpez: staes mi mujer, Mara.

(Say Pleased to meet you.)

Pleasure is yours.)

Exercise

Talking about yourself

Answer the following questions. (The words in brackets are to be used by

female students.)

1 2 3 4 5

2Es usted ing|s (ing|esa)?

2auin es usted7 1Cmo se escribe sU nombre? 2Cunto tiempo Va Usted a estar en Espaa7 (Four weeks) Usted es francs (francesa)' 1verdad?

( ) \

Exercise

5 Asking

questions

Convert the following into questions using the word '2verdad?'Example: Usted es espao|' Usted es espao|' 2verdad?

1 2 iO

Usted es ing|s.
sta e5 sU muJer.

MASTERING SPINIS'I

3
t+

stosson sus h1os. Usted est de vacaciones. Su nombre es Juan en espao|

( ) \

Exercise

Possessions

Ask if something belongs to someone. Example: Pasaporte. 2Es ste sU pasaporte7

1 2 3 4 5
o

Habitacin'
Llave.
Hi1o.
Mu.;er.

Nombre.

For students who uish

to progress beyond

a basic knouledge.

Exercise

Denying that something is true

($7ords in brackets to be used by female students.) Example: iEs usted espaol? No' no soy espao|'

l 2 3 4 5

2Es usted ir|ands (ir|andesaJ7

zEs usted e| seor Brown [|a seora Brown)7 2Es usted arquitectoT 2Es Usted espao| (espao|a)?

2Es usted

de

Yorl<7

Exercise 8 |ntroducing PeoP|e to each othe

Example: Mu-;er. iPuedo presentarle a mi mu-;er7

1 2 3 4 5

Hr.1o.

Amigo. seor Brown. La seora Loez' Marido.

E|

( \

Exercise

Number Practice

Say aloud the complete sum. Example: 2 * 2 = 4. Dos y dos son cuatro

| 3+3 = 6 2 5 +6 = 11 3 4+9 =13 4 7 +8 = 15 5 l0+2 =12

6 7 8 9 10

9+7 8+6 9+8 l0+8

10+10 =

= = = =

16

L4 L7 18

20

BUENos nas. ptwo EST UTED? l i

( \

Exercise

IO

Asking where things and people are

Example: El bar 2Dnde est e| bar?

l 2 3 4 5

La habitacin' La llave. Su muJer. Su hr.1o.

El taxi.

2Comprende usted e| espao| habla do?

(Listening exercises)

;Crno se escribe?
Listen to the tape and write down how these Spaniards spell their names. Then check your answers on page 294.

Listen to the tape again and write down the names of famous Spaniards as they
are spelled out for you.

Listen to the tape. Write down as figures the numbers you hear. For example, you hear 'once' you will write I 1.

if

The last of the listening exercises in every chapter consists of authentic listening material - that is, unscripted conversations between native speakers who are speaking at their normal speed. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions in English. It is not necessary to understand every word to be able to understand the message and answer the questions successfully. You may need to use your dictionary to understand key words. The following procedure may help:

I 2 3 4 |2

Listen to the conversation again, and pause the tape when you feel you are
able to answer the irst question. Continue until you have answered all the questions. Listen again, correct your answers if necessary, and then check your answers with those found at the back of the book.

Listen to the conversation and study the quesrions.

MASTERING sPlN1.l

En el hotel
Listen to the tape, and answer the questions in English.

1 2 3 4

\7hat type of

room does the man want? Is there a room free, and where is it? For how long does he need the room? Which document does the receptionist ask for?

.comprende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)

r4
$hat are the customers asking for? \7rite down what they want and for how long in each of the sentences below.
1

2
3

E
l 2 3 4

Una Una Una Una

habitacin individua| con bao por siete das habitacin doble con ducha por nueve das. habitacin con bao por dos semanas. habitac|n individua| Con bao por tres dias.

Which room? !rite down the number and floor of the room in each of the sentences below.

La La La La

habitacin habitacin habitacin habitacin

nmero nmero nmero nmero

trece en e| segundo piso. diecisis en e| tercer piso. Veinte en e| Cuarto piso.

tres en e| primer piso.

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

td
Sopa de nrneros (Nuntber soup)
Unscramble the mixed-up numbers and write them out correctly together with
the figure.

Example: noec = o|'lC = l l.

I 2

oacurt
tiese

BUENos oas. puo EST USTED? l3

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

acoterc
crete

evinet ceinqu envue occin

steeediici

izde

tEt t-t
Serpiente de letras (Letter snake)
Start with the letter set in bold and, moving from letter to letter in any direction you choose, find the question and answer.

OROMA BALLL E MC E R A 05 TUMOM OS T E

L E

D?

14 MASTERING SPIN/SI

Tiene usted familia?

ldentification: descriptions of oneself and family

q
*

tr

:,':.

$
* 'r:,

La familia en el jardin

Dialogues

Dialogue
their order.

The Robinsons and the Lpezes are sitting in a Madrid caf. The waiter brtngs

Camarero: Vamos
seora.

Un caf con leche para el seor Lpez, un caf solo para |a seora Lpez, una cerveza para este seory un vino blanco para la
a ver'

.TIENE USTED FAMILIA? I5

:'s

nP. r'i

:'x

-Wffi #,-'*'
$rr$ ,;

En

Ia

terraza

-J.

Allan Cash

Loez: Gracias. Lpez: ;E,s usted Joan Robinson: S, soy

Juan
Maria

Mara Lpez,: Y, Joan Robinson: Pues, es bastante grande. Tiene unos cien mil habitantes. Mara Lpez: 1Qu interesante! ;Tiene usted hijos? Joan Robinson: S, tengo dos, un hijo y una hija. Mara Lpez: iCmo se llaman? Joan Robinson: El hijo se llama David. Tiene veintin aos y es estudiante en la universidad de Manchester. La hija se llama Barbara, tiene veinticinco aos y est casada. Su marido es mdico en el hospita1 de York. Mara Lpez: Entonces usted es abuela, ;verdad? Joan Robinson: No, todava no. Mi hija no tiene hijos. Mara Lpez. 4Trabaja usted, o es ama de casa? Joan Rob|nson: S, trabajo. Soy profesora de matemticas en un instituto de York. Mara Lpez: 1Matemticas! Las matemticas son muy difciles' ino? Joan Robinson: ;Qu va! Son muy fciles'

de York, Juana? de York. ;cmo es la ciudad de York?

I6 MASTERING SPINISI

Kl

Diatogue 2
Robert Robinson and Juan Lpez are business associates and Juan Lpez needs to take down some details about Mr Robinson to be able to contact him in England and in Madrid. Juan

Lpez: ;Cul es su direccin en York, Roberto? Robert: Sesenta y cuatro Bootham - B-o-o-t-h-a-m - Bootham Road, York,
Inglaterra.

Juan Lpez: Y sta es su oficina, .verdad? Robert: S, eso es. Juan Lpez: ;Tiene telfono? Robert: S; el nmero de telfono es 0l904 389256. Juan Lpez: Gracias. ;Y su telfono aqu en Madrid?' Robert' IJn momento. Estoy en el Hotel Bristol. El telfono es 22..43:79' y habitacin es el nmero doce. [Link] Lpez: Muchas gracias.

|a

Vocabulary
vamos a ver
e| caf
e| caf con |eche

let's

see

caf' coffee white coffee

e| caf solo

para la cerveza
el vino

black coffee for

beer wine white

blanco/a/os/as la ciudad
pues bastante

weli, then quite, rather, enough

city big

grande/s unos/unas cien

hundred

some, about thousand

mil el habitante

inhabitant

iqu + adjective!

interesante/s la [Link] llamarse se llaman se llama veintiuno (veintin)

e|

el,/la estudiante

ao

how * adjective! interesting daughter to be called they are called he/she is called (his/her name is) twenty-one year student

la universidad

universiry

.TIENE USTED FAMILIA? I1

veinticinco casado/a/os/as el marido e| mdico el hospital entonces la abuela todava todava no

traba-1ar

twenty-five married husband

doctor hospital

then grandmother yet not yet do you work? housewife

I work to work

2trabala usted? el ama de casa trabaJo el profesor/la profesora Ias matemtiCas el instituto difci|/es
;qu va|
f

teacher mathematics secondary school

difficult not at all!

easy address
qi

sesenta y cuatro estoy

la oficina el telfono

|a direccin

ci|/es

vtrr-fnr r r

office

Iam

telephone

tD For supplententary [Link] lists see p. 285.

Explanations
.
The

gralnlar su?nma|y)

to which the

gramnar

re;t'erences

refer, begins on p. 342.

(a) Indicating that sornething is destinedfor sorneone

'Para' is used to show that somethins is destined for someone. Un caf Con |eche para Usted Tengo un recado para usted.

A whire coflee for you.

I've got a message for you.

(b) Describing things or people - gratntttar ref 2 Adjectives in Spanish agree with the noun they describe - that
follows:

is, if the noun is feminine the adjective will have a feminine ending, and if the noun is plural the adjective will have a plural ending. The way these endings are formed is as

(i) Adjectives which end in 'o'

Un vino blanco Una habitacin b|anca

A white wine (masc. and sing.) A white room (fem. and sing.)

IB

MASTERING sPlN1s1

Zapatos blancos Faldas blancas

\X/hite shoes (masc. and pl.)

White skirts (fem. and pl.) end in anything else

(ii) Adfectives which

Un hombre grande Una ciudad grande Hombres grandes Habitaciones grandes

A big man (masc. and sing.) A big city (fem. and sing.)
Big men (masc. and pl.) Big rooms (fem. and pl.)

Adjectives which end in '-o' are seen to have four forms, and others have only two. You will also note that adjectives are usually placed after the noun.

(iii) Adiectives

of nationality

If these end in '-o' they behave as the examples listed above:

Este hombre es italiano.

Esta seora es rusa.

Los hombres son argentinos. Las mujeres son chilenas. Este hombre es a|emn' Esta mujer es alemana. Estos hombres son franceses. Estas seoras son portugUesas.

This man is Itaiian. This lady is Russian. The men are Argentinian. The women are Chilean. This man is German. This woman is German. These men are French.

However, if they end in a consonant they still have four forms:

These ladies are Portuguese.

(c) Nurnbers 21-100 -

gra??x??xar ref 3

In Chapter I you learned the numbers 1 20. Flere are the numbers 2l-100:

2I 22 23 24 25 30 34 40 42 50 59 60 66 7O

Veintiuno(.veintin'before
masc. noun) veintids veintitrs
26 27 28 29 30

veintisis

veinticuatro veinticinco

veintisiete veintiocho veintinueve

trernta

The numbers l-29 are written as one word, but numbers greater than 30 are
written as lhree words. treinta treinta y cuatro

7\
80 83 90 95 100

cuarenta cuarenta y dos cincuenta cincuenta y nueve

sesenta sesenta y seis setenta

ll6

ocnenta ocnenta y tres noventa noventa y cinco ciento (but 'cien'when exactly 100 is referred to: cien hombres = 100 men) ciento diecisis

setenta uno

TIENE USTED FAMILIA?

19

Telephone numbers in Spanish are usually given as patrs: treinta y [Link] Y [Link] seis:ochenta Y nueve
If you are not sure exactly how many you wish to refer to, you can render number imprecise by placing 'unos' or 'unas' before it: Tiene Veinte aos. T|ene unos Ve|nte aos. El hotel tiene treinta habitaciones. El hotel tiene unas treinta
a

Ie's twenty years old.

habitaciones.

FIe's about twenty years old. The hotel has got thirty rooms' The hotel has got around thirty

rooms'

(d) Indicating possession refs 7(ii), (iz:)

Tengo dos ht.1os. Juan tiene tres huas. Mara no tiene su ||ave.

z;,:ith the

aerb 'tener' - grQtttrrtar

This irreguiar verb is used to express possession:

I've got two children. John has three daughters. Mary has not got her keY.

lt is also used to express

age:

Tengo Cuarenta y dos aos. Juan tiene cincuenta aos' Maria tiene veinticinco aos.

John is fifty years old. Mary is twenty-ive years old'

I'm forty-two years old.

(e) Gir:ing your na7vle zt:ith the oerb 'llsntQrse' - gra?nnlqr re 7 (iii)
You have already learned how to give your name) using 'soy' verb, you express 'I'm called . . .'
2Cmo se |lama usted7 IJhat's your name? (How do you call yourselP)
+ name'

With this

Me ||amo Paco Gonz|ez' My name's Paco Gonzlez. (I call myself Paco Gonzlez') 2Cmo se ||ama su h1jo? $7hat's your son's name? (How is your son called?) 5e llama David. His name is David. (He's called David.)

(fl Giaing

your job uith the rserb ,ser, . gra77x?rar ref 7(a)

+ name of your iob. The word 'a' or 'an' is

To give your job simply use 'soy'

Soy profesor. Soy emPleado de oficina.

missed out in the Spanish sentence.

I'm a teacher. I'm an office-worker.

20 MASTERING SPINISI

Soy mecnico. Mi marido es dentista

Mi

mu.1er es

Mis hr.;os son estudiantes.

ama de casa.

I'm a mechanic. My husband's a dentist. My wife is a housewife. My children are students.

gra?tlt?Lar ref 7(i)

@) GiainS your plsce of uoork uoith the aerb 'trsbajar' -

This regular '-ar' verb can serve as a model for all such verbs and, in iearning this one verb, you will have learned how to handle literally thousands of
Spanish verbs. 1Dnde trabaJa Usted? [Link] en una oficina. 1Trabala su muJerT 5, traba.1a en Un instituto.
$7here do you work? I work in an office.

Does your wife work? Yes, she works in a school.

The first person (I = yo) ends in '-o' and the third person (he/she = ellella) ends in '-a'. The third person is also used with the pronoun 'usted' to refer to
'you', and thus the pattern so far
Traba-1o is:

I work

Traba1a

He/she works

Usted trabaJa

You work

(h) GioinS your cioil ststus ztsith the aerb 'estar' - grqtnntar ref 8
You saw in Chapter 1 that .est' and .estn' are used to say where Something is. The verb is also used to express being married: iEst usted casado?
Si. estoy casado.

Mi

ht.1a

no est casada.

Are you married? A man is speaking Yes, I'm married. My daughter is not married.

Exercises
a The key
to these exercises begins on

p. 295.

tE
t ') \
Exercise

Talking about yourself

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue.

Mara Lpez: ;Es usted de York, Juana? Usted: (Say yes, you are from York.) Mara Lpez: Y, icmo es la ciudad de York?
:IIENE USTED

FAMILIA?

21

Usted: (Say well ir's fairly big. It has about 100 000 inhabitants.) Mara Lpez: 1Qu interesante! iTiene usted hijos? Usted: (Say ltou have tuo, a sttn and a daughter.) Mara Lpez' iCmo se llaman? Usted: (Say the son is called Datid. He is 21 ltears old and is a

studettt at

the Uniz;ersity of Manchester. The daughter is called Barbara, is 25 years old and is ntarried. Her husband is a doctor i'L York Hospital.) Mara Lpez: Entonces usted es abuela, 4verdad? Usted: (Scry no, not yet. Your daughter doesn't haae turyt children.)

Mara Lpez: 4Trabaja usted? Usted: (Say;les, you work. Yoy're

a teacher

o.f

rnathenrutics in a school in York.)

Now repeat the exercise but giving genuine answers rather than playing the part of Joan Robinson.

( ) \

Exercise

2 Giving

information about youself

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue.

Juan Lpez: ;Cul es su direccin en York, Roberto? Usted: (Say 64 Bootham Road. Spell it. Add Yorle, England.) Juan Lpez: Y sta eS Su oficina, 4verdad? Juan Lpez: .Tiene telfono? Usted: (Gite ltottr phone number 0901 389255.) Juan Lpez: Gracias. 4Y su telfono aqu en Madrid? Usted: (Say one n1o?nent. You are at the Bristol Hotel. The phone nuntber Juan Lpez; Muchas gracias.
[Link], and the room nunber is 12.)

Usted:

(Sayye.s, that's right.)

is

Now repeat the exercise but giving genuine answers rather than playing the part of Robert Robinson.

Exercise

True or false?

Read or listen to the dialogues again and then mark each of these statements
true or false.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 22

E| caf so|o es

Joan Robinson es de York. York es una ciudad bastante grande. Yorl< tiene clncuenta mil habltantes. La seora Robinson tiene tres huos. Su hljo se |lama David y es mdico. Su h|ja se ||ama Barbara y est Casada. La seora Robinson no trabaia.

La Cerveza es para |a seora Lpez. E| vino bIanco es para Ia seora Robinson.

para el seor LpeZ.

MASTERING SPINISH

11 |2 13 |4 15

seor Robinson tiene una oficina en Bootham en Yor|<. No tiene te|fono en su oficina. E| seor Robinson est en e| Hotel Cristina en Madrid. Est en |a habitacin nmero doce. El nmero de te|fono es veintids, Cuarenta y tres, setenta y nueve
E|

t ) \

Exercise

Describing things

[Link]: E| vino es b|anco. 2Y |a habitacin? Es b|anca

1 2 3 4 5

La habitacin es grande. 2Y |a ciudad? E| espaol es fci|. iY e| ing|s? La gramtica es difci|. 2Y e| vocabulario? York es interesante. 2Y Madrid? La habitacin es blanca. 2Y |a fa|da?

e)

Exercise
Example:

5
EI

Giving people3 nationality

mu.1er7 Es ingIesa.

seor es ingls. 2Y su

1 2 3 4 5

E|

seor es a|emn. 2Y su h1a7 Soy portugus' iY mi mu.1er7 El hombre es italiano. 2Y su h1o7 La seora es inglesa. 2Y su marido? E| hombre es espao|. 2Y su abue|a7

t', \

Exercise

Number Practice

Say aloud the complete sum. Example: 23 + 34 = 57. Veintitrs y treinta y cuatro son cincuenta y siete

I 2 3 4 5

L7+29=46 2I+12=33
64+31=95 37+12=49 52+17=69

6 7

25+27=52 45+37=82 57+63=120 45+55=100

7)+ J= lJ

8
9

10

t' \

Exercise

Possessions
h1jos.

Answer all five questions positively. Example: iTiene usted dos ht.,1os7 S' tengo dos

I 2 3

2Tiene usted tres htiasT

2Tiene usted te|fono en 5U casa?

2Tiene usted una casaT

.TIENE USTED FAMILIA? 23

4
5

Zcuntas habitaciones tiene su casa? 2Tiene usted cuarenta aos?

Now repeat the exercise, but give genuine answers' Example: 2Tiene usted dos h1jos? S' tengo dos h1jos. No, no tengo dos hi.l'os, tengo un ht.1o.

Exercise

Ta|king about youse|f

+ name'

Answer the following questions genuinely. Example: 2Cmo se llama usted7 Me l|amo

1 2Cmo se l|ama Usted? 2 2Cuntos aos tiene usted7 3 tDe dnde es usted? 4 iEs usted empleado (empleada) 5 2Trabala usted en una oficina? iTiene Usted htjos? 7 2Cmo se |laman? 8 1ou son sus ht'ios7 9 2Trabala su mu.;er? l0 4Dnde trabaJa su mu-1er?

de oficinaT

4Comprende usted e| espaol hablado?

(Listening exercises)

Mi Fanilia
Listen to the tape and write down details of the speakers' families. (You may need to use the supplementary vocabulary list on page 285.)

lTiene usted hijos?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

I 2 3 4 24

Does the woman have any children? \shat are they? How old are they? Where are they studying?

MASTERING SPINIS/

One of thern is studying languages (lenguas) and the other is studying law (derecho). But which one is studying which subiect? Choose their names from the three given: The son: (a) Gonzalo (b) Jorge (c) Juanito. The daughter: (a) Pilar (b) Piedad (c) Pepita. S7hat does the man think about these names? Select what he says from these
Spanish phrases:

(a) (b) (c)

Me parecen unos nombres muy . muy bonitos. Me parecen unos nombres muy . . muy interesantes. Me parecen unos nombres muy . . ' muy espao|es'

2Gomprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)

r4

Una

farnilia bastante rars.

Look at the pictures below and the descriptions of the members of this family at the top of the next page. !rite down the number and the corresponding letter
for each member of the familv.

+ t
l',t,

(f)

aa
I

al

ffi

._i(J
,

TIENE USTED

FAMILIA?

25

z
3

Tiene unos veinte aos. Es alto, gordo y muy feo' Tiene e| pelo muy Corto. Es muy alto y delgado. Es muy viejo. Es el abuelo de la familia. Tiene unos treinta y cinco aos. Es de estatura media. Tiene e| pelo muy

4
5

Tiene unos Cuarenta aos. Es muy bajo y muy gordo' Es vie.1a. Tiene unos setenta aos. Es bajay bastante gorda' Es1oven' Tiene unos quince aos. Es a|ta, de|gada y guapa'

targo.

tEl

Uno carta de un arnigo espaol

Read the following letter and then answer the questions in English.

QueriJo amlo:

Modrid

,3

d.e

*y"

n'to p,mera carta , k vo,1 a &cic cmo s,1 .-kny 1,e;,h 1res arros . Sry kslqnle al*a \ [Link] ,1 mis am-gqs dlc.n 1r,a-soy in+"y'g."*e. Sy dz |1a&;J' 1vivme( baslaqk' qwry \ ila^b; '. [Link] &'"h L"pftot cercq az1o ?nrLa dt! o?'. No estoyJcagdq. espoiola,91',n1o e? peb ruio ,t losiios qzobs. M sov .|,"u^ Irpi,o*,te e" la o1icirla,ao ,no,,o-ftafu L inyorlaaY1e.,rhc;or, en

ttu

Ar",o?,,.

fsc,ik* 7^h ,. rrxnchre crna 1oto. I)g ab'.zo, 'J'"Io Josodq,.

I How old is Lola? 2 Vhat is she like? 3 Where does she live in Madrid? 4 Is she married? 5 What colour are her hair and eyes? Where does she work?

26 MASTERINGSPINIS1

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

t4

Look at the Wordsquare and try to find twelve words to do with the family. You may need to use the supplementary vocabulary list on page 285.

NM AA TT BR PI OM DO ON NI

TE IX AL CL FF IZ IN A TI MO HE
ULr

TZ
trT

to

INHC.) OUP I S OL T E R OZPADREB I K DE L MF A MI L I A P BKNORNER UPRIMAPE EJSTAUVW LBCEDPOD R B P OMNJ RTEIERSE RMANOBIK

O
R

1Quin es?
$ho is being defined here? Write down the Spanish word and the English
equivalent.

1 2 3 4 5

El padre de mi padre es mi . . EI hermano de mi padre es mi . . Mi madre y mi padre son mis . . La hija de mi madre es mi . . E| ht.;o de mi to es mi . .
. . . .

TIENE USTED FAMILIA? 27

2cmo es su ciudad?
Describing places and things

El note

{^ 1:l"r:;ffi'"sEBAsrhN ..-=-^),-1'
'7 \.'

SANTANDER
'-^

C -, )'^'3f -'\ ,,

\^{y\ ot '"
uo'ao, [Link]

BARCLONA

Eloeste

- r)
) -^natoZ .,.uooNo, q

.\

.MADRID 'roLEDo

ttesteSY\ 'lsewos/ xx .u^r-'*.^ ,".uJ t'!.--lt^r

(.
MENoRC

[Link],o; \\ cRlpTAN^
/* {

'I
GRANADA
nlt ..-^ lvv \u

_/

urcasrr

._.

n o o

. 4millones..:1']::::": o:,:*'::"t"' '^

:
a

*"

AGA ,
El

ooo'noonunt"t 'oo oo0 hat]itantes .nn )Uv."-

"n"'

t
t

aqn o00 habitantes

sur

iI L>'""-] "tn

habitantes

(q O0O habitantes

Un mapa de Espaa

28 MASTERING

SPINIS-1

Dialogues
Dialogue
1

Mr Robinson has an appointment with Juan Lpez and goes to his office'

Robert: Buenos das. Soy el seor Robinson'

;Est?

|sabe|: Buenos das' seor Robinson. 4Cmo est usted? Robert: Muy bien, gracias. Tengo una cita con el seor Lpez a las diez. |sabe|: S, est, pero est ocupado. Est con un cliente. iQuiere Sentarse un
momento?

Robert: Gracias. lsabel: Usted es de York, lverdad? Robert: Eso es.

|sabe|: ;Dnde est York? ;Est cerca de Londres? Robert: No. E'st muy lejos de Londres en e1 norte de Inglaterra. |sabe|: Y, ;cmo es York? Es una ciudad pequea, ;verdad? Robert: No, es bastante grande y muy antigua. |sabe|: ;Qu negocio tiene usted en York, seor Robinson? Robert: Tengo tres tiendas de recuerdos. Una est en e1 centro de York; otra est en Harrogate, una ciudad a unos cuarenta ki1metros al norte de York; y la tcrcera est en la costa, en una ciudad que Se llama Scarborough. |sabe|: iQu bienl Y su hotel aqu en Madrid, .est bien?

En la oficina de objetos Perdidos

puo Es sU CIUDAD?

29

aqu. Tiene una cita con usted a las diez. Juan Lpez: Buenos das, Roberto. iCmo est? Pase. Pase.

Robert: Est muy bien, gracias' La habitacin es muy grande y muy bontta. lsabel. ;Y las comidas? Robert; Las comidas son cxcelentcs y los camarros S()n muy simpticos. |sabe|: ;Ah! El seor Lpez est libre [Link] Juanl E1 seor Robinson est

Dialogue 2
On her irst shopping trip in Madrid Mrs Robinson has unfortunately left her handbag in a taxi. She goes to the taxi drivers' lost property office la oficina de ob.;etos Perdidos.

Joan.

Empleado: Vamos Emp|eado: 4Cmo Emp|eado: Y,

Eso
es.

a ver.

Un bolso, lverdad?

)oan:

Pues, cs bastante grande. 4de qu es? ;De piel o de plstico? Joan: Es de piel. Emp|eado: 4De qu color es? Joan: Marrn y negro. Emo|eado: Un bolso bastante grande marrn y negro y de piel. iE.s ste su bolso? Joan: S, creo que s' Gracias. Emp|eado: lJn momento' por favor, seora. 4Qu hay en el bolso? Joan: Hay mi pasaporte' un pasaporte ing1s a nombre <le Robinson' unos

es el bolso, grande o pequec.r?

Emp|eado. 4De qu banco son los cheques? Joan: Del Banco Midland. Despus hay un pauelo, perfume Emp|eado: 1Algo ms?

cheques de viajero'

'

)oan:

Emp|eado: 4De qu color son los guantes? Joan: Songrises. . . YdePiel. Emp|eado' [Link], ste es su bolso, seora.

S, hay unos guantes.

Joan:

Joan:

Empleado: De nada, seora. Adis.

Adis.

Muchas gracias.

Vocabulary
ren9o
I have

la cita

ocupado/a/os/as el cliente

appointment, date busy, occupied customer

3o MA'TERING

sPlN1s1

2quiere

sentarse

verb?

(ie)

will you + verb? to sit down

where? near to far from the north

2dnde? cerca oe [Link] de el norte pequeo/a/os/as antiguo/a/os/as el negocio la tienda el recuerdo la tienda de recuerdos
Ia fbrica

small, little
shop

business

old, ancient
souvenir, memory souvenir shop factory workshop the centre another kilometre

el taller el centro la costa

otro/a el |<i|metro que f:onito/a/os/as la comida

excelente,/s simptiCo/a /os/as
libre,/s

which

coast

el camarero pase el bolso la piel

nice, pleasant (of things) meal, food excellent waiter nice, pleasant (of people) come in handbag leather (of gloves, handbags, garments, etc.) made of leather
free, unoccupied

de piel el p|stico de p|stico el color 1de qu co|or7 negro/a/os/as creo creo que s nay el cheque el cheque de [Link] el banco
el perfume 2a|go ms? los 9uantes gris/es
e| paue|o

plastic colour

made of plastic what colour?

marrn,/ones

brown black I think, believe I think so

there is, are cheque traveller's cheque

bank handkerchief

perfume anything else?

de nada

gloves grey not at all, don't mention it

285.

For supplementary) vocabulary lists

see p.

1COMOESSUCIUDAD? 3l

Explanations
o
The gra,nnlar sumlaly' to which the grammar references refer, begins on p. 312.

(o) The
Soy Soy

tuso

aerbs 'to be' - 'ser' and 'estar' - grarrtrttar ref 8

I'm a teacher. I'm Engiish.

'Ser' is used to express permanent conditions:

profesor. ing|s. Es mecnico. Es grande.

He's a mechanic. He's big.

'Estar' is used for one ofthree reasons:

To express position

2Dnde est Madrid? Madrid est en Espaa.

\here is Madrid? Madrid is in Spain'

Iow are you?

To express tenpoary conditions

; C mn e<r t t<rer1? Fctnrr hipn nrariz<

Mi padre est enfermo.

I am well, thank you. My father is ill.

To describe a state which results frorn an action My sister is married. (She got Mi hermana est casada.

E|

banco est cerrado

married = the action. She is marricd = the state which results from the action.) The bank is closed. (The bank closed = action. The bank is closed = the state which results.)

(b) Expressing

ztshere

sornething is - gratnntar ref 8

In, ort $7here is London?

The verb 'estar' will be used with one of several prepositions: En ;Dncle esr | ondres7
F<t: en' "'Y''''-"'" lnnlsterra
cie

It's in England.
I{ear to

La ||ave est en |a mesa. To|edo est Cerca de Madrid.

Lejos de F| |-lanro est |eios de| hote|. Cerca

The key is on the table. Toledo is near to Madrid. Far fron The bank is far iom the hotel. In the centre of Madrid is in the centre of Spain.

En el centro de Madrid est en el Centro de

Espaa.

32 MASTERING S'PINISH

Geographical position can be expressed as follows:

In the north. In the south. In the east. In the west. En el oeste. Santander is in the north of Santander est en e| norte de Spain. Espaa. Seville is in the south of Spain. Sevi||a est en e| sur de Espaa Valencia est en e| este de Espaa. Valencia is in the east of Spaln. Caceres is in the west of Spain. Cceres est en e| oeste de Espaa. En el norte.

En el sur. En el este.

Distances can be expressed as follows: Toledo est a setenta ki|metros de Madrid. Segovia est a noventa |<i|metros a| norte de Madrid.

Toledo is seventy kilometres from Madrid. Segovia is ninety kilometres to the north of Madrid.

(c) Words uthich contrqct

A
+

to

el

al: Est a| norte de

=

Madrid.

forrn near u)ords

It is to the north of Madrid.
It is a lons wav from the hotel.

De + el

del: Est

|e.]os

de| hote|

(d) Detailed descriPtions

2Cmo es el bo|so7 2De qu es e| bo|so7 4De qu Co|or es e| bo|so7
$7hat is the handbag like? $7hat is the handbag made o What colour is the handbae?

(e) Modifying adjectirses - gra?w7lsr ref 2(iii)

To modify an adjective, one of several words can be used:
Es grande. Es bastante grande. Es muy grande.

It is big. It is quite big. It is very big.

() ,There is' qnd ,there are' _ gravvnnar ref 10

Both these verbal phrases are expressed by the single worid 'hay': Hay un bolso en la mesa Hay muchos turistas en Sevilla. The word also occurs in the greeting: There is a handbas on the table. There are a lot of tourists in Seville.
F{ow are things?

2ou hay7

iCOMO ES SU CIUDAD? 33

Exercises
o
The key to these exercises begins on p. 297.

Exercise
Usted: Usted:

Intoducing yourse|f
Mr Robinson.)

Play the part of Mr Robinson in the following dialogue.

est usted? (Say you are fine, and [Link] an appointment with Mr Lpez at 10. Ask if he is in.) lsabel: S, est, pero eSt ocupado' Est con un cliente. 4Quiere sentarse un

|sabel: Buenos das, seor Robinson. iCmo

(Say good morning. Identifu yourself as

Usted:

momento? (Say thank you.)

Exercise
lsabel: Usted: lsabel: Usted:

Talking about your town

Play the part of Mr Robinson in the following dialogue.

Usted es de York, lverdad?

iDnde est York? 1Est cerca de Londres?

(Say that's right.)

|sabe|: Y, 1cmo es York? Es una ciudad pequea, iverdad? Used: (Say no. It's fairlg big and uery old.)

(Say no. It's a long way from London in the north of England.)

Now repeat the exercise, but give genuine answers about your own town, substituting the name for York.

Exercise
handbag.

Rec|aiming lost PoPety

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue and reclaim your Empleado: Vamos

Usted: (Sa3t that's right.) Empleado: ;Cmo es el bolso, grande Usted: (Sag well, it's airly big.) Usted. Usted.
Emp|eado: 4De qu color
bolso?
(Sa1" ir's made of leather.) es?

a ver. {Jn bolso, lverdad?

o pequeo?

Emp|eado: Y, ;de qu es? 1De piel o de plstico?

(Say ir's broun and black.)

Emp|eado: Un bolso bastante grande marrn y negro y de piel. iEs ste su

Usted:

(Sa1t 3lou

think

is, and thank him.)

34 MASTERING SPINISH

Exercise

Describing the Gontents of you handbag

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue and describe the contents ofthe handbag.

Empleado: iQu hay en el bolso? Usted: (Say there is a passport, an English

traz;

passport in the name of Robinson, some

Empleado: 4De qu banco son los cheques? Usted; (Sag they're from the Midtand Bank. Add that
EmpIeado: 1Algo ms?
perfume...)

eller's cheque s.)

there is

a handerchief,

Usted: (Sayyes, Ihere are some gloaes.) Empleado: 1De qu color son los guantes? Usted: (Say thejt are grq) and made of leather') Usted: Usted;
Emp|eado: De nada, seora. Adis.
(Say soodbye.)

Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso' seora.

(Thank him aery much.)

Exercise

Describing Permanent conditions

Give genuine answers to the following questions.

1 2 3 4 5

2Es Usted in9|s {inglesa)?

ZEs excelente la comida en su casa?

2Es usted profesor (Profesora)? 2Es sU casa grande o pequea7 2Es su ciudad antigua o modernaT

(_) \

Exercise

Saying where things are

Give genuine answers to the following questtons.

1 2 3 4 5

iEst su casa cerca de| Centro de |a ciudad? 2Est su oficina (ta||er' fbrica) Cerca de su casa7 LEst su ciudad cerca o |e';os de Londres? LEs,r" su ciudad en e| norte? ZEst su ciudad en |a costa?

( ) \

Exercise

Describing temPoary [Link]

Give genuine answers to the following questtons.

1 2 3 1 5

2Cmo est usted? 2Est usted ocupado (ocupada)7 2Est usted enfermo (enferma)7 2Est Usted Casado (casada)? iEst cerrada su oficina7

1COMO ES SU

CIUDAD? 3s

Exercise

Forming questions

The following are the answers. $7hat were the questions?

I 2 3 4 5 b 7 8 9 l0

Mi casa est |[Link] de aqu. Es de Piel. Es bastante granes, hay muchos turistas en Sevi||a.
Son grtses. Estoy blen, gracias. s, mi h1o est casado' No' e| banco no est cerrado. S, mi h1a es secretar|a. S, ste {sta) es mi marido {mu.;er).

t ) \

Exercise
questions.

Reclaiming |ost ProPety

Reclaim a smail, black, plastic handbag from the employee by answering his

Empleado: IJn bo1so, lverdad? Usted: (Say that's right.) Emp|eado: iCmo es? Usted: (Say ir's small.) Emp|eado: iDe qu color es? Usted: (Say ir's black.) Emp|eado: ;De qu es? Usted: (Say ir's rnade of Plastic.) Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso, Usted: (Say thank 1tou.)

4verdad?

(, Exercise I O Modifying adjectives \

simpticos.

Answer the questions with modified adjectives as suggested'

Example: 2Son simpticos |os camareros7 (Fairly) s' son bastante

1 2 3 '1 5

2Es simptico e|.1efe? (Very)

2Es

interesante su traba,.1o? (Fairly) 2Es grande su ciudadT (VerY) 2Est bien e| hote|? (Fairly)

2Est |e.1os e| banco? (Fairly)

36 MASTERING

S'PIN'1SH

2comprende usted e| espaol hab|a do?

(Listening exercises)

1Qu es?
Look at the map on page 28 and listen to the tape. $rite down the name of the town or geographical feature referred to. (Not all the features on the mao are
mentioned.)

Look at the photograph on page 29. Listen to the tape and decide which object is being reclaimed from a Lost Property Office.

E
1 2 3 4 5

eQu ciudod?
Which is Manolo's favourite citv? Where is it? Why is it his favourite? Select what he says from these Spanish phrases: (a) Porque es muy bonita con muchas fuentes y calles para pasear. (b) Porque es muy antigua con muchos museos muy interesantes. (c) Porque es muy grande con muchas plazas muy bonitas Which is the woman's favourite city? Can you give one or two reascns why she likes it?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

2Comprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises) Read the excerpt on the next page from a tourist pamphlet, and then answer the questions in English.

1COMO ES SU CIUDAD? 37

TOLEDO
ToIedo est situada a unos setenta ki|metros aI suroeste de Madrid. Tiene unos cincuenta v ocho miI habitantes, y es |a antigua capitaI de Espaa. De inters turstico hav |a Catedra|, |a Casa de| Greco y Ia Sinagoga de Santa Mara Ia BIanca. La Catedra| es de| siglo trece y est en e| centro |a ciudad. Est abierta desde |as diez V media de |a maana hasta |a una de |a tarde, v desde |as tres y media hasta las siete de la tarde. La entrada vale trescientas pesetas.

de

La Casa del Greco, artista famoso del siglo diecisis, est cerca de Ia CatedraI en |a parte

antigua de Ia ciudad. La Sinagoga de Santa Mara |a B|anca es de| sig|o trece y est bastante cerca de la Casa del Greco.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

How far is it from Madrid to Toledo? How many inhabitants has Toledo? Is it the present capital of Spain? What is there of tourist interest in the city? What are the opening hours of the Cathedrai? How much does it cost to go in? Who was El Greco? $7here is the Synagogue of Santa Mara la Blanca?

trompecabEtsl
(Puzzles)

t4
I 2 3 4 5 6

lVerda d

rnentira? (True

or

false)

Look at the map on page 28, and mark these statements as being true or false.
Madrid tiene cuatro millones de haLlitantes. Madrid est en el norte de Esoaa' M|aga est en la costa sur de Espaa. M|aga tiene un mil|n de habitantes' Barce|ona est en e| oeste de Esoaa. Barcelona tiene tres millones de habitantes.

38 [Link]/

E
1 2 3 4 5

Can you work out the anagrams to find the Spanish cities? (The map on page 28 will help you.)
2Es ste el tren para RABONECAL7 No. este tren va a LESIVAL. Este autobs va a CAVANELI.

Vivo en LBlBo'

Juan es de LAGAMA.

1CoMo 's sU CIUDAD? 39

2Dnde est su ciu dad?

Finding out where things are

rnercaY

I ${]ri

'$*'

2Por dnde se va al mercado?

Dialogues
Dialogue
chemist's.
1

In hot weather Mrs Robinson is prone to headaches. She goes out in search of a

Joan: Perdn, seor' 4Hay una farmacia en esta calle? Transente: No' seora. En esta cal1e no hay una farmacia, pero hay una en la Calle de T'olcdo.

40 jl{ls7ERING

SPII1SH

Joan: Y, ;por dnde

Se va a la Calle de Toledo? Transente: Mire usted, seora. Vaya usted por esta calle, tome la segunda calle a la derecha y luego la primera a la izquierda y est en la Ca1le de Toledo. Es una calie bastante ancha y 1a farmacia est a la derecha' al lado

de la Cafetera Sol.

Joan: Muchas gracias. 4Est lejos? Joan: Gracias' Adis. Transente: Adis.

Transente: No, seora, est bastante cerca.

Dialogue 2
Whilst Mrs Robinson is iooking for a chemist's, Mr Robinson is in search of bank to change some traveller's cheques. He stops a passer-by.
a

Transente: S, seor. Hay un banco al final de esta calle Robert' Y, 4est abierto ahora? Transente: 4Qu hora es?

Robert: Robert:

Perdn, seor. 4Hay un banco por aqu?

a la izquierda.

Son las diez.

iHay una farmacia por aqu? ;D()NDE E:jT.A:jU CILDAD?

41

Transente; Entonces, s, est abierto. Los bancos estn abiertos desde las
nueve hasta la una. Gracias, seor Robert Transente: De nada'

Dialogue 3 Mrs Robinson obtains pills for her

heaciache and returns to the hotel for a coffee. She chats to the waiter in the hotel coffee-shop'

Joan: Un caf con leche, por favor, y un vaso de agua. Camarero: En seguida, seora. Joan: Hace mucho calor hoY, iverdad? Camerero; S, siempre hace mucho calor en Madrid en verano'

seora. Pero

en Inglaterra hace mucho fro y llueve mucho, 1verdad? Joan: FIace mucho fro en invierno y llueve bastante, pero hay das en el verano cuando hace sol. iNo hace mal tiempo nunca en Madrid? Camarero: S, seora. En el invierno hace mucho fro, pero aqu no llueve

Joan:

mucho.

1Qu suertel

Diatogue 4
leaves the bank and realises he needs stamps to send postcards home. He asks the doorkeeper of the bank.

Mr Robinson

Robert' 4Dnde se venden los sellos, por favor? Portero: Los sellos se venden en ei estanco, seor. Robert: Y, ;hay un eslanco Por aqui? Portero: S, seor. Ah hay un estanco' enfrente de la panadera. Robert: Gracias. El tabaco se vende tambin en el estanco, verdad? Portero; E'so es, seor. Robert: [Link]. Portero. Adis'

Vocabula
perdn
la farmacia la calle 5e va

excuse me chemist's
street one goes

mire vaya

look (polite command, imperative) go (polite command, imperative)

42 MASTERING SPIN/SH

por tome a la derecha uego a la izquierda ancho/a/os/as al lado de por aqu al final de anora 2qu hora es7 desde
nasta el vaso
el agua

al:ierto/a/os/as

along take (polite command, imperative) on the right then on the left wide beside, at the side of around here at the end of open

now

what's the time?

from until
glass

en seguida hace calor noy

siempre e Verano hace fro

water today

immediately, straight away it's hot summer it's cold to raln winter it's sunny
it rains
always

llover

(ue)

llueve el invierno

hace sol hace mal tiempo nunca

;qu suerte| se venden el sello el estanco
el tabaco

the weather's bad never what good luck! are sold stamp opposite baker's tobacco

enfrente de

state tobacconist's

la panadera

Exolanations
ref 10

(a) Finding out if

place exists in the zsicinity - gra?n?rrar

IJse 'hay' + name of place + name of viciniry.

1Hay un banco por aqu? 2Hay un hotel en esta calle? 2Hay una oficina de turismo en esta ciudad?

Is there a bank around here? Is there a hotel in this street? Is there a tourist office in this

city?

lDONDE ESTA SU CIUDAD? 43

(b) Finding your u:ay there

lf you ask rhe simple question:
2Dnde est e| Hote| Car|os
TerceroT
a Spaniard will probably answer:

Where is the Charles III Hotel?

En la Calle Mayor.

In the Main Street.

You have asked him where the hotel is and he has told you. Since you did not ask him how to get there, he may well assume you know the town well. If you
want to know how to reach a certain place, use: 2Por dnde se va al Hotel Carlos TerceroT 2Por dnde se Va a |a oficina de turismoT

How does one get to the Charles III Hotel?

Remember that with feminine nouns the phrase will be:

How does one get to the tourist

office?

(c) Understanding polite conunsnds - gra?n?nar ref

11

In telling you how to reach a certain place, a Spaniard will use polite commands. The ones seen so far are as follows: Look! (Not literally, but merelY lMire usted! a way of getting your attention.) Go along the street. lVaya por la calle! Take the second street. lTome la segunda calle!
Sometimes the pronoun'uSted'is found and sometimes not. The tone of voice normally tells you that a polite command is being used.

(d) Knotaing uhere places are - grarnrnar ref 8

Several ways of saying where places are have now been introduced and are as follows:
Est Est Est Est

a la derecha' a |a izquierda' aI fina| de la cal|e. a| |ado de |a cafetera' Est enfrente del banco

on the right. on the left. at the end of the street. beside the cafeteria. It's opposite the bank. It's It's It's It's

(e) Knousing zthether the place is open or closed - grq??x?nor ref 8

E|

La tienda est cerrada.

banco est abierto

The bank is open.

The shop is closed

44

MASTERING SPIN/S1

(fl Telling the tirne

To ask the time, use the question:
1Ou hora
Es la

es?

.s'hat's

the time?

If the answer contains the number 'one' it will be:

una. dos. cinco.

It's

o'clock.

but all other times will have the plural form: Son las Son las It's 2 o'clock. It's 5 o'clock.
5.

For more on telling the time see Chapter

@) When is

the place open? - gra?tlrnar ref 3

It's open from 9 until I o'clock.

To give the opening hours of shops, banks, offices and so on use the following:
Est abierto desde |as nueve hasta la una.

'Hasta' is also used to express distance: Vaya hasta Ia

plaza.

Go as far as the square.

(h) Discussing the useather - gra?nrnar ref 12

To enquire about the weather, use the following:
2ou tiempo hace7 'Hace' is often found in the answer:
Hace Hace Hace Hace Hace buen tiempo.
mal tiempo. calor.
fro. sol.

$hat's the weather ]ike? The weather's fine. The weather's bad.
It's hot. It's cold. It's sunny.
a certain place or region, use the following:

To enquire about the weather in

ZOU tiempo hace ahora
SevillaT

en

$hat's the weather like now in

Seville?

Hace mucho sol It's very sunny. .mucho' is used with .ca|or'. .fro' and .Sol' because these are nouns Notice that and you are literally saying: Hace mucho

calor.

It's very hot. (It makes much heat.)

It rains a lot in England.

Other expressions of weather are simple verbs, such as 'llover' (to rain):
Llueve mucho en lnqlaterra

1nNnr EST SU CIUDAD? 45

to say you hazse a lot - granrnar ref 6 'MUCho' is used to express most ideas concerned with 'a lot' and 'much'. 'Mucho'is sometimes an adiectiae and then it agrees with the noun: I've got a lot of work. Tengo mucho trabaJo I've got a lot of friends. Tengo muchos amlgos. Many thanks. (Thanks a lot.) Muchas gractas.

(i) Hou;

Sometimes it is an adaerb and then it does not change: Llueve mucho. Trabajo mucho.
It rains a lot. I work a lot.

(j) Hozt: to be negatiae - grarnrnar ref

Soy ing|s.

As you have seen, the basic negative in Spanish is 'no':

No soy ing|s

I'm English. ['m not English.

'Nunca' is used to express 'never' and can be placed before the verb:

Nunca trabaJo
No
traba..1o

I never work.

of after the verb, with 'no' in front of the verb:

nunca.

I never work.

(h) Hout

to

find out u;here things ore sold - grarwnar ref 7(iii)

Use the form 'se vende' if the thing referred to is singular. 2Dnde se Vende e| tabaco7 Where is tobacco sold? (Literally, where does tobacco sell itselP)
and the form 'se venden' if the r,hing referred to is plural:

2Dnde se Venden los se||os? lihere are Stamps sold? (Literally, where do stamps sell themselves?)

Exercises
o The kelt
to these exercises begins on

p. 300.

Exercise

I Finding

out if a certain Place exasts

[Link]: A bar. 2Hay un bar por aqu7

46

MASTERING SPINIS'I

t, \

Exercise

Finding out how to get there

Example: The bar' 1Por dnde se va al bar?

I 2 3 4 5

The bank. The tourist office.

The chemist's. The tobacconist's. The hotel.

t-i \

Exercise

Finding out if you are nea the Place

|e.1os

E'xample: The bar. 2Est

e| bar?

1 2 3 4 5

The bank. The tourist office.

The chemist's. The tobacconist's. The hotei.

.DNDE EsT SU CIUDAD?

47

- ) \

Exercise

4 Following

instructions

Explain to your companion, who does not speak Spanish, what you have to do
to reach your destination. Example: Tome |a primera ca|le a |a derecha y la farmacia est al final de la calle. Take the first street on the risht and the chemist's is at the end of the street.

Vaya por la calle, tome la segunda calle a la izquierda y la oficina de

turismo est en esa caIle a la derecha. Tome |a Cuarta ca|le a |a izquierda, vaya hasta e| fina| y el hote| est a| lado de |a Cafetera Montesol' Vaya por esta calle, tome la tercera calle a la derecha y la oficina de turismo est enfrente de| Banco Centra|. Vaya por esta calle, tome la primera calle a la derecha y luego la segunda a |a izquierda. Pero no vaya ahora; |a farmacia est cerrada hasta las cuatro. El Hote| Prncipe est en |a Cal|e de Segovia. Mire usted; Vaya por esta calle, tome la tercera calle a la derecha y vaya hasta el final de la calle. El hote| est aI lado del Cine So|.

1.)

Exercise 5 Finding out if the place is open

Exarnple: The bar. ZEst abierto I The baker's 2 The souvenir shop.
e| bar?

3 4 5

The bank.

The chemist's. The tobacconist's.

Exercise

Tel|ing the time es?

Example: 2ou hora

es? i 2Oue hora es? 4 2au hora es? 5 iou hora es? 2Ou hora es?
2au hora

zou hora

es?
'

Son las nueve.

"^ Vm . mV 'vzm
. -

7
8 q

2aun.,"
ZoU hora

es? 'kpm l0 2ou hora es7 'oK/

48 MASTERING SPIN/SI

iouhoraes?

",, , ffi1w

m'\J/ \4m

x@

Exercise

Thlking about the weather

hace? (Fine) hace? (Cold)

E'xample: 2ou tiempo hace? (Sunny) Hace so|.

1 2ou tiempo 2 2au tiempo 3 2au tiempo 4 2ou tiempo 5 zou tiempo

hace7 (Bad) hace? (Very sunny) hace? (Very hot)

Exercise

8 Finding

out where things are sold

Example: Stamps. 2Dnde se venden |os sel|os7

I 2 3 4 5

Tobacco.
Handbags.

Gloves.
Coffee.
$7ine.

(I \

Exercise

Saying you have or do a lot

Answer the following questions, saying you have or do a lot. Example: 2Tiene usted mucho [Link]? S, tengo mucho trabaJo

I 2 3 4 5

2Tiene usted muchos amigosT 2Tiene usted muchos clientesT 2Tiene usted muchas amigas-l 2Hay muchas personas en su familia?
I 2Trabaja usted mucho?

Exercise

Saying it never happens

Answer the following questions, saying it never happens.

Example: 2Trabaja usted mucho? Nunca trabajo mucho

1 2 3 4 5

2Hace mucho so| en su regin7 2Llueve mucho en su ciudadT LEst usted enfermo (enferma)?

2Hay muchos turistas en su ciudadT

LEst usted ocupado (ocupada)7

;DONDE ESTA SU CIUDAD? 49

2Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

trl

1Adn de

zsa

usted?

Look at the town plan given below. Start from the hotel, listen to the instructons given on the tape and write down the name of the building you reach. You alwavs set off in the direction of the arrow.
UN PLANO DE LA CIUDAD

t--f;"--l
I

l--]
crNE
I

FLOR

E
F^.ol

IsQ!t __l

fr

O O

l o
o

@ r'l

-^ EA

nm

*l

El boletn rneteorolgico
Listen to the weather forecast on the tape and take notes so that you can tell friend, who does not understand Spanish, what the weather will be like.
a

50

MAST'ERING SPINISH

E
I 2 3 4 5 6

eQu tiernpo hoce?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. Mark the statements as 'true', 'false' or 'do not know'.
She is from Madrid. The summer in Madrid is very hot. It snows in winter in Madrid. They are both in Barcelona at the moment. The best thing about Madrid's weather is that it is usually dry. In Barcelona it is verv hot, but it is not humid.

ecomPende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Look at the roadsign on page 40, and write down which places you would reach
if you:

I 2 3

Turned right. Turned left.

I(ept straight on.

Look at the town plan on page 50. Read the following instructions left at your hotel reception desk and decide which of the three buildings marked l, 2 and 3 on the plan you are being directed to.

\/

Va3a us1ed pu esa cale j

1

I [Link]

|a

t cto,to'

,t calle

|a

iz.1uierda

tai cas^

*td qQ Tinal eb

esa cqlle

a lo

d",""ha

cDONDE ESTA SU

CIUDAD?

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

lAl
-_-l

Follow the line from the town to the weather sYmbol to ind out what the
weather is like.

\----;

v\l'\
Santiago

lVerdad

rnentira? (True orfalse)

Are the times given under the clocks true or faise?

'@
Son las cinco Son las once.

'@
Es la una.

'@
Son las diez.

Son las siete.

Son las dos.

52 MASTERING SPIN/SH

zEn qu trabaja usted?

Daily routine

'lt*; ,'. '. ''k* -' i;

ii:

&

&*'*

Voy de compras

,#'re

Dialogues

Diatosue
a caf.

Juan Lpez is chatting to Joan Robinson about her life in [Link]. They are in

Juan: Usted vive en York, sverdad, Juana? Joan: No. Vivo en un pueblo pequeo cerca Juan: Pero usted trabaja en York, lno? Joan: S, trabajo en un instituto en el centro

de York. de la ciudad'

lEN QUE TRABAJA USTE,D? s3

,luan:

Joan' No. Voy sola en mi coche. Tengo un coche pcqueo. Yt] empiczo mi
Juan: Joan: Juan: JOan: Hay
trabajo a
1as

E,ntonccs usted va al trabajo con Robertc-r' lverdad?

chiccts y chicas. Creo que hay unos cuatrocientos setenta chicos y unas cuatrocientas sescnta chicas. I.{ovecientos treinta en total. Juan. iCome usted cn casa o en un restaurante de 1a ciudad?

1Cmo es su instituto? ;E's grande? S, es bastante grande. Hay unos novecientos treinta alumnos. iSon todos chiccls, o ha1. chicas tambin?

nucve y Roberto empieza a las ocho y media'

-Joan: Como en e1 instituto con los alumnos. Juan: Y, lcomc ustcd bien o mal?

Joan: Pues bastante mal, pcro 1a comida es barata' Juan: 1A qu hora termina su trabajo? Joan: Termino a las cuatro menos cuarto. Salgo Juan: Ya
compras. E,ntonces voy a casa y hago la cena.

de1 instituto
5ra?

y voy

de

veo quc trabaja usted mucho, Juana' lNos vamos

lCamarerol

Camarero: Son seiscientas pe\etas. seor.

iQu le debo?

Dialogue 2 Mr Robinson

has gone to see Juan Lpez oni-v tcl find that he is out. Whilst he waits he chats to Isabel.

Robert: ;Vive usted aqu en Madrid,

|sabe|: S, tengo un
pisc.r

Isabel?

en la Calle de Velzquez.

:...'l'

W
co.1o et

metro

54

1uls7-R1NG s/,lAI/.sH

da. Salgo de casa a las ocho, cojo el metro y llego aqu a las nueve en punto casi todos los das. Robert: ;A qu hora sale usted de la orcina por la tarde? |sabe|: Todo depende del trabajo. Por 1o general salgo de aqu a eso de las cinco y media. Robert: Ya veo que es usted muy trabaiadora, Isabel. |sabe|: Ya est aqu el seor Lpez. Don Juan. Don Roberto le espera. Juan: lHola, Roberto! Siento llegar tarde.

Robert: iEst lejos de aqu? lsabel: S, est bastante lejos' Robert: ;Cmo viene usted a la oficina? 4Tiene coche? lsabel: No, no tengo coche. Es imposible aparcar un coche

en Madrid hoy en

Vocabula
VIVIT

usted vive vivo el pueblo

you live
I live

to live

voy

ir

village to go

Igo

va el traba-;o

solo/a/os/as el coche empezar (ie)

emprezo empreza media

work

he/she goes

to begin I begin he/she begins

alone car

novecientos el alumno el chico

la chica

half

nine hundred

cuatrocientos
en total

comer
mal

usted come el restaurante termrnar termtno usted termina menoS el cuarto salir

pupil boy girl four hundred in all, total to eat, have lunch you eat, have lunch
restaurant

l:arato/a/os/as

badly
Lv

cheap

t^ onrl finiqh
!^r\4t..rrivr.

you end, finish iess, minus

I leave, go out

I end, finish

salgo ir de compras

a quarter to leave, go out

to go shopping
AEN

QUETRABAJA USTED?

55

voy de compras

I go shopping

nacer nago la cena

ver
rr5

to make, do I make, do

dinner, evening meal

to see I see to go away, leave we're leaving to owe, have to what do I owe You?
six hundred

veo
nos vamos seisclentos
e

deber 2qu |e debo? venir

usted viene
(ie)

to come you come

lmposible/s aparcar hoy en da coger

co]o

impossible

llegar llego en punto

e| da

to park nowadays to take, catch I take, catch to arrive I arrive sharp, exactiy (of time) day
every daY

todos Ios das

caSl

la tarde por la tarde

depender depende todo por lo general a eso de

esperar espera

almost afternoon, evening in the afternoon. evening to depend it depends all, everything generally about, around (of time)

tabalador/a/es/as
sentir (ie) siento taroe

hard-working

to wait for, hoPe he/she is waiting to feel, regret I regret

late

Explanations
(a) Talhins about your daity routine - granlnlar re 7 (i)
Todothisyouusethepresenttenseofregularandcommonirregularverbs. Theregularverbsaredividedintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirendingsin polite speech only the first and third the infinitive'. '-ar', '-er' and '-ir'. For
Dersons are required and these are as follows:

56

MASTERING SPINIS-H

Trabajar

-at

Juan traba-1a en Una fbrica. Usted [Link] en una tienda.

Traba,lo en una oficina.

John works in a factory. You work in a shop.

To eat, haz-te lunch I have lunch in a restaurant. Mary eats a lot. You have lunch in a cafeteria. To liae I live in Madrid.

To work I work in an office.

-er

Comer Como en un restaurante. Mara come mucho. Usted come en Una cafetera. Vivir Vivo en Madrid. Vive en Nueva York. Usted vive en Sevilla.

-ir

He lives in New York You live in Seville.

(b) Negatioes
If you do not do something' the verb is made negative using 'no': 2Trabala usted mucho? No, no traba,io mucho.

Do you work a lot? No, I don't work a lot.

(c) Questions
If the verb has no stated subject, the question is the same as the statement except for question marks and a change in your tone of voice:

Vive aqu. 2Vive aqu? Juan vive aqu. 2Vive Juan aqui? Usted come mucho. iCome usted muchoT

He lives here. Does he live here?

John lives here. Does John live here? You eat a lot. Do you eat a lot?

If the verb has a subject, the subiect is placed after the verb:

(d) Irregular zserbs'gra?nnlqr ref 7(ii)

Certain common verbs are irregular and do not follow the pattern given above' The ones seen in this chapter are as follows:

(i) Verbs with an irregular first person singular

Salir

Saloo de la oficina a la una.

To leaae, go out I leave the office at one o'clock.

lEN QUE TR4BAJA USTED?

57

Coger Cojo el tren. Hacer Hago mucho trabaJo.

To take, catch I catch the train. To do, make I do a lot of work.

(ii) Verbs which change their spelling - gramrnar ref 7(iv)

Tengo mucho trabaJo. Juan tiene dos hl.1os. Usted tiene coche. Venir Vengo en autobs' Paco viene a pie. Usted viene en coche. Empezar Fmniczn ,a l:s nrreve. lsabel empieza a las diez. Usted empieza a las tres.

Tener

To hate I've got a lot of work. John has two children. You've got a car. To come I come by bus.

Paco comes on foot. You come by car.

Isabel begins at l0 o'clock. You begin at 3 o'clock.
To begin I begin at 9 o'clock.

Verbs which change their spelling from '-e-' to '-ie-' are identified in the vocabularies by (ie).

(e)

Nurnbers 100-1000 - grq?tr?ttqr ref 3

The numbers 100*i000 are as follows:

200 300 400 500 600

word:

doscientos
trescientos

cuatrocientos quinientos
seiscientos

1000

700 800 900

setecientos

ochocientos novecientos
mil

Additional numbers are simply joined on to the hundreds with no intervening

2i5

478

doscientos treinta y cinco cuatrocientos setenta y ocho

These numbers are similar to adjectives and agree with the nouns they describe. If the noun is masculine, the number is masculine:

278

doscientos setenta y ocho chicos doscientas cincuenta y cinco pesetas

mrl pesetas

If the noun is feminine, the number is feminine:

255

The number 1000 (mil) is invariable in most cases and does not change:
1000 pesetas 10 000 pesetas

diez mil pesetas

58 MASTERING SPINISI

(fl Telling the tirne' gra??L?nar ref 3

Between the hour and the half-hour the word 'y' is used to express 'a quarter past', 'half past" 'ten past' and so on:

ZoU hora es? 1ou hora es7 2Ou hora es? 2Ou hora es?

(2.|5)
(3.30) (4.10)

(5.25)

Son las dos y cuarto. Son las tres y media. Son las cuatro y diez. Son las cinco y veinticinco.
Son las siete menos cuarto. Son las ocho menos veinticinco. Son las diez menos diez.

After half past, 'menos' is used to express 'a quarter to', 'ten to' and so on: 2Ou hora es7 (6.45)

1ou hora es? (7.35) iou hora es? (9.50)

'Menos' actually means 'less, minus' and thus you say literally: It's ten minus ren = Son las diez menos diez. To express when something occurs the word 'a' replaces 'son' or 'es':
qu hora emp|eza? (2,30) 2A qu hora termin a? (5.l5)
2,A

Empieza a las dos y media. Termina a las cinco v cuarto.

To say that something occurs at a certain time 'sharp' you use the words 'en
Dunto' after the time:
i'A

qu hora ||ega?

(1

1.00) 9)

L|ega a |as once en punto.

To add the idea of 'at roughly' or 'at about' you place 'eso de' before the time:
2,{

qu hora ||ega7 (around

L|ega a eso de |as nueve'

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p. 302.

O Exercise t \

Saying where you live and work

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue'

Juan: Usted vive en York, iverdad, Juana? Usted: (Say no. You liz;e in a small aillage near York.) Juan: Pero usted trabaja en York, ino? Usted: (Say yes. You work in a secondary school in the centre
rately your own situation.

of the city.)

Now repeat the exercise making such changes as are necessary to describe accu-

iEN C)UE TR4BAJA USTED? s9

t , \

Exercise

Saying whee you have lunch

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue.

Juan; ;Come usted en casa o en un restaurante de la ciudad? Usted: (Say you eat in the school with the pupik.) Juan: Y, lcome usted bien o mal? Usted: (Say well, it's fairly bad, but the food is cheap.)
Now repeat the exercise, making such changes as are necessary to describe
accurately your own situation.

Exercise 3 Saying at what time you finish work and what you do aftewards
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue.

Juan: ;A qu hora termina su trabajo? Usted: (Say you Jinish at 3.45. You leaae Juan;
home and make the dinner.)

school and go shopping. Then gou go

Ya veo que trabaja usted mucho, Juana.

Now repeat the exercise, making it fit your own situation.

Exercise

4 Answering

questions

Answer the following questions, using the cues given. Example: 2Dnde vive usted? (A small village) Vivo en un pueb|o pequeo.

I 2 3 4 5

1Dnde vive usted? (A large city) 2Dnde trabaJa Usted7 (An office) 2Dnde come Usted? (In a bar) tA qu hora termina su traba-1o? (At 5 o'clock) tA qu hora ||ega a casa? (At 5.45)

Now repeat the exercise, making the answers fit your own situation.

t , \

Exercise

5 Answering

moe questions

Answer the following questions, using the cues given. E'xample: iA qu hora sale usted de casa por la maana? Salgo de casa a las ocho.

1
2 60

zA qu hora sa|e usted

maana7

," /\ de casa por la -) \9-l

r<

2Cmo Viene usted a su traba..1o?

MASTERING SPIN/SI

3 4
5

2Tiene usted coche?

zA qu hora empieza su trabajo7

4Hace usted mucho trabajoT

Now repeat the exercise, making the answers fit your situation'

t \

Exercise

Number Practice

Tell your Spanish friend what you paid for various items. Example: 750 pesetas. Setecientas cincuenta pesetas.

| 2 3 4 5

pesetas. +85 pesetas. 360 pesetas. 855 pesetas. 520 pesetas.

290

6 7 I 9 l0

630 Pesetas 745 Pesetas.

970 Pesetas. I 500 Pesetas. I 0 000 Pesetas.

Exercise 7 Saying at what time things begin' end, arrive, leave, etc.
Ansrver the following questions' using the cues given' Example: 24 qu hora empieza |a sesin? (7 o'clock) Empieza a |as siete.
1

2Aqu hora
2,A

sa|e e| tren7 (5'30)

4
5

qu hora 2A qu hora 2A qu hora 2Aqu hora

l|ega e| autobs7 (7 .L5) empieza |a sesin7 (8 o'clock)

termina

|a sesin7 (11.30)

saIe e| taxi? (9.15)

a) \

E
Exercise
I

Talking about your own daily routine

Answer the following questions genuinely. z

3

2A qu hora sa|e usted de Casa por |a maana? 2Ou coge Usted para ir a su traba.io7 2A qu hora |Iega usted a sU trabaJo? 2Dnde trabaja usted?

lEN QUE TRABAJA USTED? 6I

8 9 10
'

5 6 7

2Cuntas horas traba.'1a usted por da? 1Dnde come Usted? ;Came uste.t hien o mal? cLVr zA qu hora termina su trabaJo? tVa Usted de compras todos |os das?

2ouin hace

|a

cena en sU Casa?

( ) \

Exercise

Forming questions
e| tren?

These are the answers. !hat were the questions? Example: EI tren saIe a |a5 diez. 2A qu hora saIe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Salgo de casa a las nueve Y media. E| banco est cerrado. Hay trescientos emp|eados en esta fbrica. Vengo a la oficina a Pie. Hay una farmacia al final de la calle. La sesin empieza a |as ocho y cuarto.

El tren llega a las once.

Tengo un coche grande. Coyo el autobs para ir a Vive en Nueva York.

|a oficina.

comprende usted el espaol hablado?

(Listening exercises)

Mi z:ids diaria
Listen to Ana describing her daily routine, and write down any times
mentions.
she

1Crno es su aida:
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

1 At what time does the man get up? 2 At what time does he leave the house? 3 Give the two timcs when he usua1l1, arrives 4 How long is his lunch-time? 5 $7hen does he have lunch? 6 \hat r'n'ould he prer?
62
''I,{ISTERING
SPINIIS'I

at his office

.comPrende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)

La segunda cctrta de Lolo

Read this second letter from Lola, and then answer the questions in English

(,-,r*r*
jh.T ?,
3

[Link],
I
s::;,,";,,:

a ?ue,a ,leI So . Vueiuo"o l, a1,ci,ta. EnTnces.-^ t [Link] l luqo 1roLai" hosfc. {os cincoca:.a [Link]& ast. ,.oio"J'a" -J k cexo . [Link] \ Vol d 1>rerr .r-n |t1o'.{.i.l - .nu.J -f runquitri r.o l 't u,. es rnl 't,ic1o ail;
' o{"o

{",ff I;zei"::: l: 5t1qo #:*Pr#o"i1,r![ <|iez iiu Cag a ?as tho ?ot la rnoarrr 1vo1 a {e a I eft lq cofe Ftre-nq1".qunos cerca. l "".l ;t,."; T;,"y"IU) l::c" z' ; " :' [, i i ? i r ::^; :";n,,n3.:;: l;,.r':'i. I sotre l:'-o,*-J rnadrc,
,1
.

",.:r:,

":,::,,il,,:,:: Gtle

!!a":T;^ | 1onlera. -,:

l
I

t"

a-burridcr

fqmbien'

Ua
1o

io'

aLrozo,
.[osadq
.

1 Where exactly does Lola live? 2 \7hat does she have for company? 3 How does she get to work, and how long does 4 At what time does she arrive at her office? 5 $here does she have lunch? 6 Vhen does she leave her office in the evening? 7 How does she describe her life in Madrid?

it take?

lEN QUE TLABAJA LTSTED? 63

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

Crucigr arrta de nrnero s.

(Al1 the answers are numbers.)

Y=+:menos=-.POf=X
Vertical

Mil menos ochocientos.

Hoizontales 2 Once y once. 3 Cien menos ochenta y ocho. 4 Veinte por tres. 5 Trescientos cincuenta por dos. 6 Cuatro por cuatro. 7 Cincuenta y veinte. 8 Mil menos quinientos. 9 Doce menos nueve.
ln I

- ian

nnr

n| |\/

Ciento cincuenta y ciento cincuenta

64 MASTERING SPINISH

Quse dice?
Match one sentence from the first column to the correct second sentence from the second column. You can use each phrase once onlv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

2Ouin es usted? 2Cuntos aos tiene usted?

1Cmo se |lama usted? Tanto gusto. 2De qu color es7 2De dnde eres7 Muchas gracias.

1ou hora es7 2Dnde est e| caf7 i.A qu hora sale e| taxi7

(a) Tengo cuarenta aos (b) El gusto es mo. (c) Es marrn. (d) De nada. (e) Son las tres y diez. (0 Soy Juan Delgado. (g) Al final de la calle. (h) A las cuatro y media. (i) Me ||amo Mara. (i) Soy de Barcelona.

iEN QUE TRABAJA USTED? 65

Revision and seff-assessment test for Chaptes t -5

Do the full test and mark it, using the mark scheme found at the end of the test. Then revise fuliy any sections of the material rn Chapters 1 5 for which you did
not award yourself a good mark.

Section t
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. Ifvou have the cassette do not read rhe interview.

Interzsieus Mu'1er: Me llamo Otilia Lzaro. Hombre: ;Cmo se escribe su apellido? Mu.1er: L.A-Z_A_R-o' Lzaro' Hombre: Gracias. Y, idnde trabaja usted ahora? Mu.1er: Trabajo en Galeras Mateo, la tienda de modas en la calle de Berceo. Hombre: Y, icmo es el trabajo? Mu..1er: Es bastante interesante, pero las horas son muy largas. Hombre: Pues, esta tienda est abierta desde las nueve de la maana hasta la
una) y luego desde las cuatro hasta las siete y media. ;Est bien? Mu..1er: Est muy bien, seor' Hombre: Entonces usted empieza a trabajar aqu maana. [Link]: Muchas gracias, seor'

Hombre: Pase, seorita' pase. Sintese. 4Cmo

se 1lama usted?

Questions
Now write down the answers to the following questions.

I 2 3 ,1 5 6 7 8 66

\What does he ask first?

What does the man invite the woman to do?

tJhere does the woman work? What does she think about her job? What is the one disadvantage she mentions? What are the opening hours, of the man's shop, in the morning? And in the afternoon?

How is it spelt?

MASTERING SPIAIISH

9 l0

Does the woman get the job? When does she start?

2\ i9

Section 2
(a) Nurnbers
Write down the total in words.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1Cuntos son diez y cuatro? 2Cuntos son trece y doce? 1Cuntos son veinticinco y treinta y nueve? 2Cuntos son ochenta y Cuatro y quince? 2Cuntos son trescientos Veinte y doscientos treinta? 2Cuntos son ciento diez y cincuenta7 2Cuntos son cuatrocientos Cincuenta y quinientos veinte7 iCuntos son once y sesenta y dos? iCuntos son doscientos catorce y trescientos dieciocho7 2Cuntos son quinientos cincuenta y cUatrocientos cincuenta?

(p, (b)

Personal identity

Write down the genuine answers to the following questions:

l 2ouin es usted7 2 1Cmo se escribe7 3 2Cuntos aos tiene usted? 4 1De dnde es usted7 5 iEst Usted casado (casada)7 6 2Dnde est sU ciudad? 7 2Es Usted ing|S (ing|esa)7 8 2Trabaja usted en una oficinaT 9 tA qu hora va usted a su trabajo? 10 2Aqu hora termina su traba1o?

Mark Scheme
o
2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20) 2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20)

Section

a a

Section 2(a)

Section 2(b) 2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20)

Maximum total 60
REVISION AND .SE'[Link]''5'5-'14EN7

TEST

67

Se/y' assess rnent gr

a de

Over 50 excellent 30-50 satisfactory Under 30 need for careful revision

Answers
Section
1

1 Come in and sit down. 2 Her name. 3 L-A-Z-A-R-O. 4 In a dress shop in Berceo 5 It's quite interesting. 6 The hours are long. 7 9 am-1 pm. 8 4 pm-7.30 pm. 9 Yes. 10 The next day.
Section 2
(a) Nurnbers

Street.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B

Son Son Son Son Son Son Son Son Son Son

catorce.

veinticinco. sesenta y cuatro. noventa y nueve. quinientos cincuenta. ciento sesenta. novecientos setenta. setenta y tres. quinientos treinta Y dos.
mil.

(b) Personal identity

Name spelt. Tengo (+ number) aos.

Soy(+name).

Soy de (+ name of town). Estoy casado (casada). No estoy casado (casada). Mi ciudad est en el norte/surleste/oeste,/Centro de ing|aterra Soy |ng|s (inglesa). No soy |ngls (inglesa). [Link] en una oficina. No traba,lo en una oficina. Voy a mi trabajo a las (+ time). Termino mi trabaJo a las (+ time).

MASTERING sPlN1s1

4ou hace usted en sus ratos libres?

Leisure activities

Juego al golf

Dialogues

Diatogue

Juan and Mara Lpez have invited the Robinsons to dinner. After dinner they have coffee in the sitting-room.

Juan: Muy bien. Vamos a

Sentarnos en

la sala de estar y a tomar

caf.

4Quiere usted caf, Juana?

;OUE HACE USTED ENSUS R4TOS LIBRES? 69

Joan: Gracias. Juan: ;So1o o con leche? Joan: Con leche, por favor. Juan: ;Quiere azucar? Joan. No, gracias. Juan: ;Cmo quiere usted el ca,Roberto? Juan: Aqu tiene
Robert: Solo, por favor,
muy poca leche' 4verdad, Mara? usted. Y para Mara, un caf cortado. Es decir, mucho caf y
y c()n azucar.

Mara; E,so es. Joan: Una cena excelente. Muchas gracias, Mara. Mara; De nada, Juana. Juan: lQuiere un cigarrillo, Juana? Joan: Gracias, no fumo. Juan: ;Quiere uno, Roberto? Robert' Gracias. Ya veo que tiene usted muchos libros, Mara. Mara: S, soy muy aficionada a 1os libros. Por las tardes, cuando no

tengo

que trabajar, me siento aqu, escucho uno de mis discos favoritos v leo mis libros. Robert; 4Qu clase de libros preficre usted? Mara; Prefiero novelas romnticas. il'ee usted mucho, Roberto? Robert: No, prefiero los deportcs. Soy aficionado al golf. Juego al golf todos los fines de semana. Maria juega usted al golf con su marido, Juana? Joan: No. Si tengo tiempo, do1, un paseo por cl campo cerca del pueblo, .v, si hace mal tiempo, veo la televisin.

Dialogue 2
Juan Lpez decides a brandy rvould go well with the coeeand offers some ttl
his guests.

)uan: ;Quicre usted un coac' Juana? Joan: No, gracias, el coac eS muv fuerte. Juan. IJn ans, entonces. El ans es ms Suave. Joan; Gracias. Juan: 4Roberto? 4Un coac?

Robert: S, gracias. -Juan: Dos coacs y dos anises. Muy bien. Mara: .Hay teatros en York, Roberto? Robert: S' hay un teatro y dos cines. Mara: ;Va usted al teatro? Robert: No voy mucho porque las entradas son bastante caras' pero voy

al

cine de vez en cuando si hay una pelcula buena. Joan: Hay muchos teatros aqu en Madrid, iverdad, Mara? Mara'' S, hay muchos, v muchos cines tambin. Claro que en Madrid hay de

todo: teatros, cines, museos, discotecas.;Sabe usted lo que se dice de Madrid?

MASTERING SPINISH

70

Joan: No. Mara: .De Madrid

al cielo

es decir,

Madrid es la mejor ciudad del mundo.

Vocabulary
vamos a
sentarse (ie) la sala de estar we're going to, let's to sit down
qittino-rnnm to wish, want, love do you want?

querer (ie) 2quiere ustedT

W.
flu
I

,*, '\
.*. 'yj

-#

*$
,{ff
;-

Hay muchos teatros aqu en

Madrid
1QUE HACE USTED EN SLrS RATOS

LIBRES?

decir (i) es decir poco/a/os/as el cigarrillo fumar ya el libro ser aficionado a

e| azCar e| caf Cortado

nearly-black coffee
to say, tell that's to say little, few cigarette to smoke now, already

sugar

book

cuanoo tener que + infinitive tengo que [Link] me siento escucnar escucno el disco favorito/a/os/as
leer leo la clase

to be keen on, a fan of

when

to have to + infinitive I have to work I sit to iisten to I listen to

record

2prefiere ustedT prefiero la novela el deporte el golf

(ue)

preferir

(ie):

favourite to read I read class, type to prefer do you prefer? I prefer novel

romntico/a/os/as

romantlc

jugar
si

golf

sport

.Juego al golf

el fin de semana el tiempo tengo trempo

to play I piay golf weekend time

if

aar oar un paseo ooy un paseo er campo ver |a te|evisin veo |a te|evisin el coac
fuerte el anis suave el teatro el cine

I have time to give to go for a walk I go for a walk

countryside, field to watch television I watch television cognac) brandy strong smooth, gentle theatre cinema because entrance ticket dear
anisette

porque la entrada caro/a/os/as

72 MASTERING SPINISI

el museo

|a pelcula tambin claro que de todo

de vez en cuando

IA VCZ

time, occasion from time to time also of course, it is clear that everything museum discotheque to know do you know? what it is said, one says heaven, sky better, best
fi1m

saber 2sabe usted? se dice

ro que

la discoteca

el cielo
me-1or,/es

el mundo

world

Explanations
(a) Expressing a future intention: Let's ... - gra?n?tlar ref 9 'Vamos a' + [Link] expresses yourfuture intention:
Vamos a tomar caf. Vamos a ir al cine.

Let's have a coffee. (We're going to Let's go to the cinema. ($7e're going
to go to the cinema.) have a coffee.)

(b) Expressing a usish or a

lowing pattern:

usctrtt

- grs??t?nctr ref 7(ia)

The irregular verb 'querer' is used ro express a wish or a want and has the folOuiero Ouiere Usted quiere
I want

He/she wants You want

say:

To ask if someone wants something, you

2Ouiere usted un cigarrillo?

Do you want a cigarette?

say:

To ask if someone wants to do somethingr you

2ouiere usted tomar caf7
S' quiero un cigarriIlo.

Do vou want to have a coffee? Yes, Iwantacigarette. No, I don't want to have a coffee.

The answers to such questions are as follows:

No, no quiero tomar caf.

1QUE HACE USTED ENSUS

L4TOS LIBRES?

73

(c) Expressing
ing pattern:

preference - gra??Lrnar ref 7 (io)

The irregular verb 'preferir' is used to express a preference and has the followPrefiero Prefiere Usted prefiere
I prefer

You prefer
say:

He/she prefers

To ask about someone's preference) you 1ou prefiere Usted, vino

;Prc'firrrr'r r<fer eg; o escUChar

coac?
discosT

Which do you prefer, w1ne or

Do you prefer to read or listen
to records?

brandv?

The answers to these questions are:

Prefiero vino. Prefiero leer.
I prefer wine. I prefer to read.

(d) Expressing q keenness for sornething

The phrase'ser aficionado
something:

a'is

used to express a keenness or liking for

I'm keen on tennis.
John is keen on golf. Martha is keen on the cinema. Are you keen on football?

Juan es aficionado al golf Marta es aficionada al cine. ZEs Usted aficionado a| ftbol7
.

Soy aficionado (aficionada) al tenis.

(e) Expressing an obligation - gv'attlttxsr ref 15

The irregular verb 'tener que' + infinitive is used to express an obligation: Tengo que traba.;ar. Paco tiene que )ugar al golf. Mara tiene que ir a| cine. Usted tiene queJugar al tenis Frank has to play golf
I've got to work.

Mary has to go to the cinema. You have to play tennis.

13

(f) Expressing an ability to do sortething - gra?nrnar ref

singular:

The verb 'saber' is used to express an abilitv and has an irregular first person S;ugar a| golf. Juan sabe jugar al tenis. Marta no sabe hacer caf
2Sabe usted bailar?
I know how to play golf.

john knows how to play tennis. Martha does not know how to make

Do you know how to dance?

cofee'

74

MASTERING SPINISI

'Saber' is also used to express knowing facts: No s la direccin' 2Sabe usted e| nmero de te|fono?
I don't know the address. Do you know the telephone

number?

(g) Expressing the tirne of day

ushen

Spaniards divide their day into three the afternoon and evening - la tarde; and the night - la noche. They introduce each section of their day with the preposition 'por':
Por la maana Voy a la oficina. Por la tarde voy al teatro. Por la noche no Voy a ningn
sitio. In the morning I go to the office. In the evening I go to the theatre. At night I don't go anywhere.

you do sornething Sections: the morning |a maana;

If the activity occurs every morning, afternoon or evening, the noun is put into the plural.

Por las tardes voy al

cine. al

In the evenings I go to the cinema.

If a precise time is mentioned the preposition 'por' is replaced by 'de':

A las cinco de la tarde voy

teatro.

At five in the afternoon I go to the

theatre.

(h) Some leisure octiaities - grsnrnar refs 7 (i), (ia),

Escuchar Escucho la radio.
To listen to I listen to the radio.

(z:)

Veo la te|evisin. Juan ve |a te|evisin.

Leer Leo novelas romnticas. Mara lee peridicos.

Ver

To see, watch, look (at teleuision) I watch television.

John watches television.

To read I read romantic novels.

Mary reads newspapers.

To go for a walk I go for a walk in the country. Frank goes for a walk in the city.
To play (sports) I play golf.

Dar un paseo Doy un paseo por el campo. Paco da un paseo por la ciudad.

Jugar Juego al golf

Juan..luega al tenis. |Juega usted al ftbo|?

John plays tennis. Do you play football?

1QUE HACE USTED

ENSUS RATOS LIBRES? 7s

(i) Cornparing one thing usith another

E| tenis es ms

granLvngr re 2(<li)

.que': The basic word for comparisons is .ms' followed by

interesante que el ftbol. Tennis is more interesting than football. El coac es ms fuerte que el ans' Brandy is stronger than anisette.
If one thing is better than another the word 'mejor' is used: El cine es meJor que el teatro. The cinema is better than the theatre. EI tenis e5 meJor que e| ftbo|. Tennis is better than football.

.el, If you wish to say that something is best you still use 'mejor' but place

'la'before it:

or

El tenis es el me.;or deporte del mundo. Tennis is the best sport in the world. Madrid es la me_;or ciudad del mundo. Madrid is the best city in the world.

Exercises
o The key
to these exercises begins on

p. 304.

Exercise

Getting what you want

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue.

Juan: ;Quiere usted caf, Juana? Usted: (Say thank you.) Juan: lSolo o con leche? Usted: (Say with milk please.) Juan: lQuiere azicar? Usted: (Say no thank yott.)
How would you change your part to get black coffee with sugar?

Exercise

Saying what you do in your leisure time

Play the part of MaraLpez in the following dialogue.

Robert: Ya veo que tiene usted muchos libros, Mara. Usted: (Say 1tes, you are r,tery keen on books. In the eaenings
to zuork,

when you do not haae

you

sit here, listen to one of

your fauourite records and read your books.)

76

MASTERING SPINIS-I

Robert: ;Qu clase de libros prefiere usted? Usted: (Say you prefer romantic noaels. Ask Robert Robert: No, prefiero los deportes.

if he reads a lot.)

Exercise

Saying what leisure facilities exist

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue.

Mara: ;Hay teatros en York, Roberto? Usted: (Say yes, there is one theatre and two cinemas.) Mara: iVa usted al teatro? Usted: (Sag you do not go much because the tickets are
the cinema from time to time, if there is a good

rather dear, but )ou go to

film on.) How would you change the dialogue to describe your own town?

(I \

Exercise

Offering something to someone

"

Exercise 5 Asking if someone wishes to do something

Example: 2Ouiere usted jugar al golf?

I 2 3 4 5

Jugar al tenis. Dar un paseo. Ir de comoras. Ver |a televisin. Escuchar un disco.

1QUE HACE U9TED

ENsus RTos LIBRES?

77

( ) \

Exercise

Expressing a preference for something

Prefer the thing in brackets.

Example: 2Ouiere usted un vaso de agua? (Un vaso de vino) No, prefiero vaso de vino.

1 2 3 4 5

2ouiere 1auiere 2Ouiere 2ouiere 2ouiere

usted usted usted usted usted

un un un un

caf solo7 (Un caf con |eche) coac? (Un ans) vaso de vino? [Una cerveza) t? (Un caf) Un caf con |eche7 (Un caf cortado)

t ') \

Exercise

Expressing a Peference for doing something

Prefer the activity in brackets. Example: lOulere usted ir al cine? {lr al teatro) No, prefiero ir al teatro.

l 2 3 4 5

2Ouiere usted Ver

2auiere 2Ouiere 2Ouiere 2Ouiere

|a te|evisin? (Dar un paseo) usted sentarse en la sala de estarT (lr de compras)

usted escuchar un discoT (Leer un libro) usted ir al museoT (lr a la discoteca) ustedJUgar al golf? (Jugar al tenis)

Exercise 8 Expressing a keenness for something

Example: El tenis. Soy aficionado (aficionada
)

al tenis.

I 2 3 4 5

Los libros. Los discos. El cine. El teatro.

La te|evisin.

Exercise

Do you o dont you?

Answer the following questions genuinely.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7

2lee usted nove|as romnticas7 2Juega usted al gol? 2Va usted al cine? 2Da usted un paseo por el campo cuando hace buen tiempo? 2Escucha usted Ia radio? 2Juega usted al tenisT 2lee usted muchos libros?

7B MASTERING SPINISII

8 9 10

2Sabe usted Jugar al ftbol7 2ou prefiere Usted, el cine o el teatroT ZEs usted aficionado {aficionada) a |a televisin7

( ,) \

Exercise

WhatS your opinion?

Give your own opinion. Example: 2ou es ms interesante, el cine o e| teatro7 E| cine es ms interesante oue el teatro.

l 2ou es ms 2 2au es ms 3 iou es ms 4 aou es ms 5 4ou es ms

fuerte, e| vino o el coac? fcil, e| ing|s o e| espao|?

grande, Londres o Madrid? caro' e| teatro o e| crne7 barato, e| vino o |a cerveza?

Exercise I t

Add the verb

Example: ...la radio. Escucho la radio.

1 ..' |a te|evisin. 2 ... al cine. 3 ... al golf 4 ... un paseo por la ciudad. 5 ... nove|as romnticas. 6 ... aficionado {aficionada) al tenis 7 ... muchos libros 8 ... discos de msica clsica. 9 ... al tenis. l0 '''Jugaralftbo|
.

4Comprende usted el espao| habla do?

(Listening exercises)

Mi tiernpo libre
Listen to the tape and write down in English what the Spanish speakers like doing in their spare time.

IQUE HACE USTED ENSUS RATOS LIBRES? 79

iQu hgces en tus ratos libres? (What do you do in yourfree tirne?)

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

I $7hat two things does Marisa like doing in her free time? 2 Which is her favourite sport? 3 Which two other sports does she like? Select the correct
following:

ones from the

,1 5 6

(a) el boxeo (boxing) (b) los bolos (ten-pin bowling) (c) el billar (billiards) 1d1 las carreras por carretera (road races) (e) las carreras de caballos (horse racing) (f) las carreras de maratn (marathon races) $hat does she do wherl it rains? Which sport does the man play well? What two other thinss does he like?

6Comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Multicines
Look at the section of the Entertainments Guide from a Spanish newspaper on the next page, and then answer the questions in English. (You may need to use vour dictionarv.)

I Which film is on at the Sala l? 2 $7hat did science do to this ordinary man? 3 What do you think (M.13) tells you? 4 Which film is on at the Sala 2? 5 What is the most dangerous way of solving a crime 6 7 8 9 l0

according to the

advertisement? Who can go to see the film in Sala 5 as indicated bv (T.P.)? Which three words are used to describe the film in Sala 6? Which ilm is on at the Sala 8? Which two words are used to describe it? Who can go to see it as indicated by (M.18)?

B0 MASTERING sPlN1s1

srr'L' 1
&a rn

locwtc. EL GORTADOR DE CESPEII rkruio: 6,x)' 8,$ y |0,$ m 13L 'l,l,

bru
tlo*ario:

|rqo cgnta. b dextt

sAL.f, pcligm 2
m&

ARENAS BLANCAS
4,$, 6,il), 8.S y

[Link] m tt*. vti a Yktiro

2".

srrAu

10,a)

{Iit l&

L! rogit ht

s'Lll

Horario: 5, 7,30

ARMA LETAL
y t0

3.. SEMANA vuolto otn u MEL GlBSOta, DANNY GLOBEB v JOE PESCI sr

III

(M.

13.)

o6dc rAt.8ccit FstE|,, m hs

Hoado: 4,30, 6,30, 8,30 y

sAL 4
rA

14.' SEMANA hsbido

pc|cul. dr suspcn$ tgn cxch&to

irrilo

QUE lflEcE

10,30

LA GuLt

@m

3t.

(M. t3)

5.. SEMANA so gnent s |s modoro cM|izacit... o di |8 s|v8 atwoiu...

s,llLll

Lls ulTtitos DlAs llEt

y

Horario: 4,30, 6,30. 8,30

10,O

Hltt
ff.

P.l

Slll/l 6

2.. SEMANA c'int Eastw@d, Gffi Ham8n, ff

cl3i, mri$t|J@. tpa3iontntc (M. Horario: 5, 7,30 y 1O

SIN PERDON

18)

3.. SEMANA En 1977' slEb8 dfitro' s 1986' $ ro.

p3r8 siemprg. En 1992, n6t.o3 pooos tm rs I han hrcho .o8lidad. Ha vuelto:

SllLA Z

ALIEN,.3
v

Horario: 5, 7,3O

1O

(M.

18)

s5,LA a

2.. SEMANA

UII HORIZOI{TE MUY LEJAHO

Horario: 5, 7.3o
Furia y pasin

Tom Cruiso y Ni@13 Kidman,

Y 1o

(M. 8}

programacin T|no.: 25 29 96 C/ Solarillo de Gracia, 9

.QUE HACE USTED ENSUS RATOS LIBRES?

BI

TV/Prograrnacin
You are on holiday in Spain and decide to watch television. Look at this TV
Guide and answer the questions in English.

0,45

Co,lto
cton.

de

presen|o.

|7,|5 lieeerrse. 17'45 0| tus deoc.

23,00 Domingo Gine. .pols-

07,00 Tele Erp. Programa oe servlclos.

|8'45las meiorcs pe|olos

tergeist>. EE UU,
Director: Tobe Hoo-

09J0 Teigos hoy. Progra.

|0'00

de

||30

|2,40 Bo|inon..Dibujs animados. 13,(X) Amor o primero vislo. Programa concurso.

El

Feivo| de

ma religioso.

nestro vido. <Uno. dos. tres>.

EE UU,

lS8l, l0q

minulos.

prncipe impostbr.

Popeve.

pretes: James Cagney,

Billy Wilder.
Hont

minutos. Director:

1961, b/n, 104

per. Intrpretes: Craig T. Nelson, Jobeth Williams

Beatrice Straight.

Intr-

Buchholz.

20J0

E| dioo.

::i::

ri: i: i t:;i:::: ti: t:;::

tt:

Ut:l i

i:;rl!i:ii:: i: l; l:!i:il:it;lr:: ii: r: ii

14,00Dinomuen. Dibujos
anlmaoos.
:l ]l"1|r:|:i:!|]]Il

00,50 20,55

Lo holo de
cada uno.

jir*l+jii:i$rsrl!'il jj]il$ijiiiili||l|

El fiempo.

l4J0 El diorio in de sgrro.

no.

cin meteorolgica.

Informa-

captulos de

Alled HitrhcocL Serie de 14

minutos de duracin

lJos repo^rleros. Programa

lidad. 22,00

fiempo |5'05 lgs toruoos J{inio.

15,00 E!

lnlormattvo con
reportajes de actua-

01.50 Despedido y cielre de Io misin..

l5J0 los orunier oventuios

del

Esnapun,. Aeania.

tne. *El

ripre de
1959,

[o iugodo. Resumen
de la jornada futbo.

97 minutos. Director:

Francia, Italia,

Fritz Lans.
Hubschmid.

Con Debra Page-t, Paul

lstica, con especial atencin a los oarti.

ces.

dos disputado por los equipos andalu-

I 2 3 4 5

What is on Canal Sur at 15.30? What do you think .ol tus vdeos' a L7.45 will be about? When can you see the Weather Forecast? What will 'Los reporteros' be about? \hat will you see if you watch TV at 22.00?

82 MASTERING SPINISI

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

Pslabras en claoe
Crack the codes to work out what these people do in their spare time.

1 2 3 4

Mara es aficionada al twnxs. Pedro prefiere Jugar al gvucpm. Carolina es aficionada a las mnudkzr. Pedro prefiere jug ar al 8Il 611317
.

A dir: ne lo ( Gue

s s zu

ork)

Each of these pairs of words has at least one letter in common. Take the correct common letter from each pair and you will make a new word which is a popular
leisure activity. Teatro Caf Libro Suave Disco
FtboI

Golf

Entrada Fuerte

Favorito

Anis Cine Deporte

Novela Cigarrillo Discoteca

PelcuIa

Mundo

Museo Romntico

;OUEHACEUSTED ENSUS RATOS LIBRES?

83

2ou desea?
Obtaining goods and services

m &w&Tffi%,

Vamos de compras

Dialooues

Diatogue

Before leaving Madrid, the Robinsons decide to go shopping to buy clothes for Joan Robinson and shoes for Robert Robinson. They arrive at the ladies' dress shop la tienda de modas.

Joan:

Dependierrta: Buenos das, seora' aQu desea?

Quisiera ver algunos vestidos de verano, por favor.

84

MASTERING S-PIA'.TSI

Joan: Una

treinta y ocho. Dependienta. Bien. ;De qu color quiere el vestido? Joan: Azul, creo, o quizs verde. Dependienta: 4Este, por ejemplo? Joan: Es muy bonito, pero' .no tiene usted otro ms claro? Dependienta: Ms claro. Vamos a ver. eEste, entonces? Joan: 1Ah, s! se es muy bonito. ;De qu es? iDe niln? Dependienta: No, seora. Es de algodn ;Quiere probrselo? Joan. S, por favor. Dependienta: E.l probador est por aqu, seora.

Dependienta' Muy bien, seora. ;Qu talla, por

favor?

(Joan entra en el probador ;Qu te parece' cario?

y se pone el vestido. Sale y habla con

vale? seor.

su

Joan:

marido.)

Joan: Muy

Robert; Es muy bonito. ;Cunto Dependienta' Doce mil peSetas'

bien. Me 1o quedo. Depend|enta: Gracias, seora' ;Quiere pagar en caja? Por aqu.

Dialogue 2
Next the Robinsons head for the shoe

shop

la zapateria

Dependienta: Buenos das, seor. 4Qu desea? Robert: Quisiera ver algunos zapatos, por favor.
1QUE

DESEA?

85

Dependienta: Muy bien, seor. ;Qu nmero gasta ustedi Robert: Un cuarenta Y dos. Dependienta: Y, ide qu color? Robert; Marrones. Dependienta: IJn momento' por favor. stos, por ejemplo. Un cuarenta y dos

oScuros. 1Quiere probrse1os? Robert: S, gracias. 1A1r, son un poco estrechos! iTiene usted un cuarenta 1' tres? Dependienta: S, seor. Aqu tiene usted. IJn cuarenta v tres. Robert: ;Ah, s! stosso.' mucho ms cmodos. iQu te parecen) cario? Joan: Son muy bonitos. 4Cunto valen?

Robert: S, son bastante bonitos, pero' .no tiene usted otros ms oscuros? Dependienta: Claro que s' stos,entonces' Son muy bonitos 1'tambin ms

y marrones.

Deoendienta: Valen cinco mil pesetas. Robert: Muy bien. Estos' por favor. Deoendienta: Gracias, seor' ;Quiere pagar en

caja?

Vocabu
la tienda de modas la dependienta

desear

fashion shop shop assistant to wish, want

MASTERING sPl^?sH

2que deseaT
quisiera algunos,/as el vestido la talla azul/es quizs verde/s el niln

querer

(ie)

por e-lemplo claro/a/os/as

ZquIere probrselo? el probador

entra r

e| a|godn probarse (ue)

se pone

ponerse

habla parecer 2qu te parece?

vater

hablar

he/she puts on to speak, talk he/she speaks to seem, appear how does it seem to you? what do you

nylon cotton to try on (of clothing) do you wish to try it on? fitting-room to enter, go in to put on (of clothing)

blue perhaps green for example light (of coiour)

want?) to wish, want I would like some dress size (of clothing)

what can I do for you? (what do you

cario

ZcUnto Vale7

queoarse me lo quedo pagar

ros zapatos

la cala

gastar 2qu nmero 9a5ta usted?

oscuro/a/os/as

estrecho/a/os/as

cmodo/a/os/as

to pay cash desk shoes to take (of shoe sizes) what size do you take (of shoes)? dark (of colour) tight (of clothing and shoes), narrow (of street, etc.)

darling to be worth how much is it worth? how much is it? to take (ofpurchases) I'll take it (colloquial)

think?

comfortable

Explanations
(a) Shops and shopping
The opening hours for shops are normally:
9 am-1.30 pm 4.30 pm-7.30 pm

1QUE

DESEA?

87

Department stores in major cities usually open from 10 am to 8 pm and most post offices are open from 9 amto 2 pm, with some also opening from 4 pm to 6 pm. Banks are open from 9 am to 2 prn. Tobacco and cigarettes are sold at the state-owned Shops called 'eStanCOS' and these shops also sell Stamps, stationery and most official forms.
Sizes for clothes are different in Spain:
Clothes

Britain 8 Spain 36
Shoes

10 38 4 37 34
13'12

12

40
5

L4 42

16 44

18 46 4L 39

20 48

22 24 50 52
10 43 11 44

26 54
12

Britain 3 Spain 36
Collar

38
14 3516

6789 39 40

42

45

Britain 13 Spain 33
Product

37

l4tl2 l5
38

r5112 16
40

There is a simple pattern for recognising shop names:

Shop
|a zapatera

los zapatos los libros la leche

la libreria la lecheria
|a panadera
|a carnicera

Common exceptions to this pattern are:

er pan ta carne

Note
The explanations of grammatical points are divided into two sections in the rest of the book: A for those wishing to obtain a simple, 'survival' knowledge; and B for those who wish to go further in their study of Spanish'

td

(b) Finding out if a product is oaoilable - grarnrnar refs

(ii)

q2tiene usted' + name of product? lJse the phrase

'

(io)

2Tiene Usted peridicos Ing|eses7 Do you have English newspapers? Do you have suede shoes? ;Ticnc tr,ted 7;loAtos de ante?
. | |L |L

(c) Saying

ushot

you usant - grst?x?vlar ref

I want a

(iz:)

IJse the verb 'quiero' + name of product:

Ouiero un litro de leche. Ouiero una botella de vino.

litre of milk.

I want a bottle of wine.

BB

MASTERING SPIN/S1

(d) Saying u:hat you ztsould lihe to see

Use the verbal phrase 'quisiera ver' + name of product:

Ouisiera ver alcunos vestidos

verano. Ouisiera ver algunos zapatos

de

I'd like to I'd like to

dresses.

see some summer see some shoes.

(e) Giaing your size - grarnrnar ref 3

If you are buying most types of clothing the assistant

will say:

iou ta||a' por

favor?

\What size, please?

and you reply with your size:

Una treinta y ocho.

A thirty-eight.
!7hat size do vou take?

However, when buying shoes the assistant will probably ask:

iOu nmero gasta Usted?

Un cuarenta y dos

and you reply with the number of your size:

A forty-two.

(f) Asking to see alternotiae sizes and styles - gra?tlt?Lar ref 2(t:i)
If you wish to see smaller or bigger sizes or lighter or darker colours the phrase to use ls:
;

l\ln tiano
o / otr a /

rcl_ar'l +

otr

otros,/otras ms

desired quality? 2No tiene Usted otros ms baratos? Don't you have any others which are

Don't you have any others? which are more + desired qualitv?
cheaper?

2No tiene Usted otro ms

grande7 Don't

you have a bigger one?

(g) Establishing the rnaterial

Use the phrase .2De qu es?' or' in the plural, .2De qu son7.
2De qu es?
F< 11c

z|nnr1n

2De qu son? Son de piel.

What's it made o It's cotton. What are they made of.) They're made of leather

(h) Asking and expressing an opinion - gra?tlt?xar ref 14

Mrs Robinson asks her husband's opinion of the dress:
; cvvL

)r r tp narare) LL

How does it seem to you? (What do you think of it?)

1QUE

DESEA?

89

and he replies:
\/lc [Link]

mrrrl [6pj[g'

It seems very nice to me. (I think it's very nice.)

Similarly, he asks her opinion of the shoes:

i

l t tc nzrercn)

How do they seem to you? (What do you think of them?)

and she answers:

Me parecen muy bonitos. They seem very nice to me. (I think they're very nice.)
If strangers were speaking the pronoun 'te' would be replaced by 'le':

ZoU |e parece7 Me parece muy grande.

$7hat do you think of it? I think it's very big.

(i) Asking

the

price - gra?txtnar ref 3

How much is the skirt? It's 6000 pesetas.

\X/hen asking the price of a singular ob ject use the phrase .2cunto va|e?'

2Cunto vale |a fa|da? Vale seis mil pesetas. 2Cunto Va|en |os zapatos? Valen cinco mil pesetas.

For a plural object use the phrase .Zcunto va|en7' How much are the shoes? They're 5000 pesetas.

(j) Concluding the sale - grqrn?7xar refs 5(i), (ii)

To conclude the sale and convey to the assistant rhat you wish to purchase the skirt, blouse, tie or whatever, use the phrase 'me lo quedo' - 'lo' is used for a
masculine singular noun, 'la' for a feminine singular, 'los' for masculine plurals and 'las' for feminine piurals:
(El bolso) Me lo quedo. (La falda) Me la quedo. (Los guantes) Me los quedo. (Las blusas) Me las quedo.

I'll take it. I'll take it. ['ll takc them.

I'11

take them.

opinions:

(k) Expressing opinions using the aerb 'parecer' - gra??L?rrar ref 14 'Me parece' + adjectiae enqbles you to express s range of sirnple
Me parece muy bonito. Me parece bastante estrecho. Me parece muy caro.
I think it's very nice. I think it's fairly tight. I think it's very dear.

90 MASTERING SPIN/S/

'Me parecen' + adjective gives you a similar range with plural objects:
Me parecen muy oscuros. Me parecen bastante baratos
I think they're very dark. I think they're fairly cheap.

.iou le parece?' is used to

ask someone'S opinion of a singular object, with the pronoun changing to 'te' in the familiar form:

2ou |e (te) parece la habitacin? What do you think of the room? 1ou |e (te} parece mi sombrero? rVhat do you think of my hat? .2ou |e (te) parecen?' is used to ask opinions about plural objects: 1ou le (te) parecen los espao|es? What do you think about the 2ou |e {te) parecen |as
1Est el seor Gonz|ez7 Spanish? do you think about the meals?
+ phrase:

comidas7 What

More complex sentences are formed by using 'me parece que'

Me parece que no est. 2A qu hora sa|e e| tren7 Me parece que sale a las diez.

Is Mr Gonzlez in? I think he's not in. $7hat tiine does the train leave? I think it leaves at ten o'clock.

(l) Further uses of 'valer'

'Vale' and, for plural objects, 'valen' enable you to ask a price, but the verb has further uses: Vengo a las diez. 2Vale? Va|e aqu, gracias.
2Vale? come at ten o'clock. OI(? Here is ine, thank you. (To a taxi
I'11

OI(? (Do you agree?)

driver.)

ln

sicnt nero no me Va|e No vale la pena.

I'm sorry but it's no use to me. It's not worth the trouble.

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p. 306.

Exercise

Saying what you want

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue. Ask to see summer dresses, size 38, in blue or green.

Dependienta: Buenos das, seora. eQu desea?

Usted;

(Ask to

see some summer dresses, please.)

IQUE DESEA?

91

Dependienta: Muy bien, seora. ;Qu talla, por favor? Dependienta: Bien. ;De qu color quiere

Usted:

(Say

-78.)

Usted:

(Say blue, you think, or perhaps green.) Dependienta: ;ste, por ejemplo?

el vestido?

Exercise 2 Asking to see othe goods and establishing what things ae made of
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the foliowing dialogue. Ask to see a lighter colour and find out what the dress is made of.
(Say zr's aery nice, but does she hate a lighter one.) a ver. 4ste, entonces? Usted; (Say1es. That one is aery nice. Ask what it is made of. Is it rytlon?) Dependienta; No, seora. Es de algodn. ;Quiere probrselo?

Dependienta: 1ste, por ejemplo?

Usted:

Dependienta. Ms claro. Vamos

Exercise

Buying shoes

Play the part of Robert Robinson and ask to see brown shoes in size 42.

Dependienta: Buenos das, seor. 4Qu desea?

Dependienta: Muy bien, seor. ;Qu nmero gasta usted? Usted: (Sal 12.) Dependienta: Y, 4de qu color?

Usted:

(Say you would like to see some shoes, please.)

Usted:

(Sav brown.)

Exercise

4 Asking

if certain goods are avaitabte

Find out if the following goods are available. Example: English newspapers. 4Tiene Usted peridicos ingIeses?

I 2 3 4 5

Nylon dresses.

Summer dresses. Leather handbags.

Suede shoes. Cotton blouses.

Exercise

Saying what you want

Ask for the following things. Example: ouiero un caf solo'

r $)

92 [Link]/.S/

Exercise

Saying what you wou|d |ike to see

Ask to see the following things. Example: Some summer dresses. Ouisiera ver algunos vestidos de verano.

I 2 3 4 5

Some Some Some Some Some

leather shoes.

cotton dresses.
cotton skirts. leather gloves. cotton blouses.

Exercise

Giving the size

State what size you want. Example: 2ou ta||a, por favor? (44) Una Cuarenta y cuatro

1 2 3 4 5

zou talla' por favor? {38) zau ta||a, por favor? (40) zOu tal|a, por favor? {50)

2au talla, por favor? (42| 4ou ta|la, por favor? (36)

(g

Exercise
exercises.

Understanding the price

Write down what you think the price is and check your answer in the key to the Example: Vale dos mil quinientas pesetas. It costs 2500 pesetas. Valen tres mil cuatrocientas pesetas. They cost 3400 pesetas.

I 2

Vale cuatro mil doscientas pesetas. Valen cinco mil seiscientas pesetas.

1QUE

DESEA?

93

3 4 5

Vale mil setecientas pesetas. Vale seis mll novecientas pesetas. Valen doscientas Desetas.

For further practice of prices work from the key, saying the number aloud
Spanish and checking with the exercise.

( ) Exercise 9 Asking to \

see a|tenative goods

Ask to see bigger, smaller, lighter, darker things. Remember that 'otro' and the adjective used must agree with the noun. Examples: Las blusas/grande' iNo tiene usted otras ms grandes? E| bolso/barato. ZNo tiene Usted otro m5 barato?

1 2 3 '1 5

Los zaoatosloscuro.

La fa|da/pequeo.
El vestido/claro. Los guantes,/caro. Las blusas,/barato

t I \

Exercise

O Asking

someoneb opinion

Ask what someone unfamiliar thinks of what you are wearing. [Link]: Mi blusa. aou le parece mi b|usa? Mis Zapatos. 2ou |e parecen mis zapatos7

I 2 3 1 5

Mi bolso.
Mis guantes. Mi falda. Mi vestido.

Mi sombrero.

( ) Exercisell \
I 2 3 4 5

Conctudingasale

Say you will take the object offered. Examples: 2Esta b|usa, por e.1empIo7 S, me |a quedo. 4Estos Zapatos, por e.1empIo? S, me Ios quedo

2Este bolso, por e..1emplo?

2Estos guantes, por e_lemplo? 2Este sombrero, por [Link]?
2Esta blusa, por eyemploT

2Esta falda, por eJemplo?

Exercise

|2

Expressing you opinion

Change the sentence iom a Statement to an opinion. Examples: Es muy bonito. Me parece muy bonito. Hace mucho calor. Me parece que hace mucho calor.

94

MASTERINGSPIN/SH

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

Son muy caros. Sale a las ocho.

Son muy estrechos.

La seorita Gmez est en casa' Es muy grande.

El tren llega a Madrid a las once" Son bastante baratos.

Llueve.
Es muy cmodo.

No llega nunca hasta las diez.

t ) Exerciset3 Obtainingclothes \
Ask to
Usted:

see white shirts, give the size as 38, establish what the shirt is made of, ask the price and conclude the sale by filling in the gaps in the following dialogue.

Dependiente: Buenos das, seor (seora). ;Qu desea? Dependiente: 4Qu talla, por favor?
Usted:
Usted: Usted: Usted:

Dependiente; 4De qu color quiere la camisa? Dependiente: Muy bien, seor (seora). sta es muy bonita. Dependiente:
Usted:
E's de algodn.

Dependiente: Vale nueve mil pesetas. Dependiente: Muchas gracias, seor (seora).

ecompende usted el espao| hablado?

(Listening exercises)

trj
eou desea?

E
I 2

Listen to the tape and write down what the customer buys, the size and colour, why she wishes to see another one and the price she pays.

2ou roPa sueles |levar?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.
rJ7hat sort of clothes does the woman wear to go to work? Does she wear a skirt and a blouse or a dress?

1QUE

DESEA?

95

\X/hat does the other woman wear at the weekend? 4

shat two things affect her choice of clothes?

.comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

trl

Loo k at the photograph on page 84, and write down the three things the shop says it offers, and the proud boast it makes.

Look at the following photographs and answer the questions in English. (You
may need to use your dictionary.)

/\

?H[l

" fl'"r

'rfr ri r

lLS

/500c

(aJ

Rebalas

96

MAST'ERING SPINISI

3rd
(b) Rebajas

'7
i Jr

?'

#i*
:) Reba.;as (a)

{ rq t n#

Ilnr, r l\&i

1 2 3 4
I 2

\X/hat is happening in this shop?

What can you buy for 3 900 pesetas? And for l5 000 pesetas? And for l0 000 pesetas? What is on sale in this shop?

(b)

At what price?

(ci
1

!7hat is on sale for 500 pesetas?

$7hat exactly do you get for that price?

1QUE

DESEA?

e7

4ou va a tomar?
Ordering a meaf

Dialogues

Diatogue

The Robinsons enjoyed their evening at the home of the Lpezes. Now Joan and Robert Robinson invite the Lpezes to have dinner with them at a
restaurant.

Robert; lTiene una mesa libre? Camarero: iParacuntos? Robert: Para cuatro. Camarero: S, seor. Por aqu. Robert: Gracias. Trigame la carta, por favor. Camarero; Aqu tiene usted' Robert: Vamos a ver. Ensalada mixta, ensalada rusa) sopa de pescado, Mara. No tengo mucha hambre. Para m una Robert: lCon patatas? Mara: ;No, por Diosl Sin patatas'
consom ... aQu va a tomar) Mara?
ensalada mixta y luego un bistec.

Dialogue 2
They all select their meal and Robert calls the waiter.

Robert. lCamarero!

Camarero: Seor. ;Qu van a tomar? Robert: Dos consoms, una ensalada mixta y una Sopa de pescado' Camarero: 4Y despus? Robert: Un bistec bien hecho, una merluza rebozada con patatas) un pollo asado

Camarero' Muy bien, seor. 4Y para beber? 4Toman vino? Robert: S, dos botellas de vino de la casa' Camarero: lTinto o blanco?

con patatas y un filete de ternera con una ensalada de lechuga y tomate.

98

MASTERING S'PINIS}1

Joan:

Robert: Una

Joan: Con

Camarero: iCon gas o sin

gas.

Tengo mucha sed. Trigame una botella de agua mineral tambin.

gas?

de tinto y una de blanco.

Camarero: En seguida.

Dialogue 3
Halfivay through the meal they decide they want more bread and mineral water. Robert calls the waiter.

Robert: iOiga! Camarero: 1Seor? Robert: iQuiere traerme ms pan y otra botella de agua mineral? Camarero: Muy bien, seor. ;Van a tomar postre? Robert: 4Qu tiene de postre? Camarero: Pues, hay tarta helada, flan, queso, fruta .'. Robert: 4Qu fruta tiene? Camarero: Hay pltanos, melocotn en aimbar, uvas' manzanas Robert. Muy bien. iQu quieren ustedes? Mara: 4Tiene helado? Camarero: S, seora. Mara; Para m un helado de chocolate. Joan; Y para m tambin. Robert: Juan, 4qu quiere?

...

Juan: Yo

Robert; Luego son dos helados Camarero: En seguida, seor.

quiero queso manchego.

de chocolate y dos de queso.

Dialosue 4
F'inally comes the moment to pay and Robert calls the waiter again.

Robert: ;oigal Trigame la cuenta' por favor. Camarero; Aqu tiene. 4Toman caf? Robert: No, gracias. Vamos a ver. Nueve mil doscientas pesetas. Aqu tiene
Camarero: Muchas gracias, Seor, y muy buenas noches. Robert: Adis.
usted diez mil. Qudese con la vuelta.

Restaurante 'Los Abetos'

Grupo,1" Entremeses y soPas
Entremeses variados Ensalada de lechuga y tomate 600 300

- Carta
Hors d'oeuores snd soups
Mixed hors d'oeuvres Lettuce and tomato salad
,IQUE VA

A TOMAR?

99

Ensalada mixta Ensalada rusa Sopa de pescado

(nna rlp:rrnz

Consom

450 450 350 350 300

Mixed salad Russian salad Fish soup Rice soup Consomm, thin soup

Grupo 2" Huevos y veduas

Huevos revueltos con tomate Tortilla francesa TortiIla espao|a Judias verdes con tomate Guisantes con jamn Alcachofas rebozadas

Egg and aegetable dishes

500 500 600 400 650 700

Scrambled eggs with tomato French omelette

Spanish omelette

Green beans with tomato

Peas with ham

Artichoke hearts in batter

Grupo 3o Pescados
Merluza rebozada Calamares a la romana
Rocr rnn ?l hnrnn

Fish

l.500 900

Atn Con tomate

1.800 1.000

Hake in batter Squid iied in batter

Baked sea bream

Tuna with tomato

Grupo 4" Carnes y aves

Cordero asado
Bistec

Meat and poultry

1.400
I .5

Pollo asado Filete de ternera Chuletas de cerdo

00 7 50 950 950

Roast lamb

Fillet steak

Roast chicken

Veal steak Pork chops

Grupo 5" Postres

Tarta helada Flan

Desserts

Helado Fruta del tiempo Oueso manchego

400 300 300 300 400

Ice-cream cake Caramel custard Ice-cream

Fresh fruit

Cheese from La Mancha

Vinos y aguas minea|es

Vino de la casa (botella) Vino de la casa (media botella) Agua mineral (botella)
Caf Pan

Wine snd rninersl usqters

500 300 200 \20 40

House wine (bottle) House wine (half bottle)

Mineral water (bottle)

Coffee Bread

IOO MASTERING 5-PIN/SI

Vocabulary
trigame
la mesa traer table to bring

la carta el hambre
m
stn

bring me

tengo hambre
despus trnto la sed

the menu hunger

I'm hungry me (after prepositions) without well done (of meat) to drink red (of wine)
thirst I'm very thirsty
also
gas

bien hecho beber

afterwards

tengo mucha sed tambin

el gas con gas e pan e| p|tano

e| melocotn

el almibar las uvas la manzana el chocolate la cuenta

frzzy (o mineral water) bread banana peach syrup

grapes

qudese la noche buenas noches

bill

apple chocolate

keep (imperative)

night

good night

Explanations
(a) Eating out
Restaurants in Spain are divided into five categories and these categories are indicated by forks. The more forks a restaurant has, the higher will be the quality and the prices. Most restaurants display their menu with prices outside and so it is normally possible to establish what category the restaurant is without going in. Many restaurants offer two types of specialist menus: a fixed meal at a fixed price Men de| da and a meal selected from the various groups on the menu Men turst|co. Lunch is served from around l.30 pm to 3 pm and dinner from around 8.30 pm to I I pm, although in some tourist areas restaurants do serve meals slightly earlier. Tipping is universal and 10 per cent would be considered a normal tip. Many cafeterias and bars also serve meals in the form of a complete meal on one plate - un plato combinado. These meals are often portrayed on the

1QUEVAATOMAR? l0l

walls of the cafeteria or in the menu and you can see exactly what the meal is before you order. If the bar or cafeteria serves portions of food you should ask for .Llna racin', and .una racin de torti||a' would be a portion of omelctte. Most cafterias and bars have a two-ticr price system: one price for standing at thc bar and another for sitting at a table and being scrved. Therefore, if you order something at the bar and thcn sit at a table you will probabl1'ofnd the
waiters.

To ask Someone to bring you Something use the brm ,trigame,

Trigame |a Carta. Trigame Ia cuenta. Trigame Una bote||a de vino tinto.

(b) Giaing orders - gra?nntar ref 11

+ noun

Bring me the menu. Bring me thc biil. Bring me a bottle of red wine.

(c) Ashing ushot so?tteone is going to haz;e - gr&?n??Lsr ref 9

If onlv one Derson is addressed the lbrm is:

4ou va a tomar? Voy a tomar un bistec

What are you going to have?

I'm going to have a steak.

If scvcral people are addrcssed the plural form is used:

102 MASTERINGSPI,\?SH

2ou van a tomar? Vamos a tomar fruta.

$7hat are you going to have? $(/e're going to have fruit.

Notice that the two pronouns 'usted' and 'ustedes' are often omitted when it is quite ciear that'you' is meant rather than'he/she' or'they'.

(d) Expressing hunger and thirst - gra?tx?nar ref

Two verbal phrases are used:
Tener hambre 2Tiene usted hambreT S, tengo hambre. Tener sed
:

15

To be hungty

Are you hungry? Yes, I'm hungry. Are you thirsty? No, I'm not thirsty.
To be thirsty

Tiona

tctaA

<

aA)
<r1

N|n

nn tana^

Both 'hambre' and 'sed' are feminine nouns and therefore are modified bv using 'mucha' to convey the idea of 'very':
Tengo mucha

sed.

I'm very thirsty.

(e) Ordering dishes usith or usithout certain other things

The two kev words are 'con' and 'sin': Un bistec con patatas Un bistec sin patatas.

A steak with chips. A steak without chips. 7(it:)

The form to use is .2quiere' + ininitive?

(fl Making polite requests - g?'a?tl?nar ref

aouiere traerme la

cuentaT hora?

$7iil you bring me the bill? $7ill you tell me the time?

Notice the pronoun 'me' is placed on the end of the infinitive:

iOuiere decirme la

of sortething - gra??xr?Lsr ref 2(ui) To obtain more water) bread, wine and So on you use the word .ms':
2Ouiere traerme ms agua? Trigame ms pan, por favor
tJill you bring me Some more water? Bring me some more bread, please.

(d Obtaining rnore

(h) Addressing ?ttore thsn one person

The third person plural of all Spanish verbs ends in '-n'
TQUE VA A TOMAR?
103

ZEs Usted espao|?

Zson Ustedes espaoIes? Los ing|eses beben t Los madrileos viven en Madrid.

Are you Spanish? (sing.) Are you Spanish? (pl.) The English drink tea. Madrilenians live in Madrid.

(, Giaing

orders - grsttlnxar ref

11

The imperative is used to give orders and has two forms, one used with 'usted' to address one person and another used with 'ustedes' to address more than one person. Most verbs form their imperative from the first person singular and follow this pattern:
mtrar

miro (first person singular) mire (imperative singular) miren (imperative plural) comer como coma coman
escribir

to look, uatch I look look (sing.)

look

(p1.)

to eat

I eat eat (sing.)

eat

(p1.)

escribo
escriba escriban

to wnte I write write (sing.) write (pl.)

If the first person singular is irregular, so is the imperative:

ooner

to pILt, pldce

pon9o ponga pon9an

venir vengo ven9a ven9an
sallr
sargo sarga

put (sing.) put (pl.)

to come

I put, piace

I come come (sing.) come (pl.)

to leazte, go out

salgan aar

I leave leave (sing.) leave (pl.)

to gizte

aoy d
oen

give (sing.) (The accent distinguishes the verb from the preposition 'de'.) give (pl.)

I give

104

MASTERING

sPlNIsI

Only one common verb fails to follow this pattern:

|r voy vaya vayan

Mrelo.

tugo
I go go (sing.) Co (pl.)

Pronouns are placed on the end of the imperative: Coma la sopa. Cmala' Escriba el precio. Escrbalo. Pngame Veinte litros. Dme dos sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas.

Look at it. Eat the soup. Eat it. Write the price. $7rite it. Give (put) me 20 litres. Give me two 45-peseta stamps.

(j) Indicating that sontething

pronoun:

is

for so?neone
+ the person's name or a

To show that something is for someone you use 'para'

La sopa es para |a seora Garca' Esta carta es para usted. 2Hay recados para m?

Tengo un recado para El vestido es para ella.

The soup is for Mrs Garcia. This letter is for you. Are there any messages for me? The dress is for her.
I have a message for hrm.

|.

(k) Indicating future intentions . gra,L?7lar ref 9

To indicate what you intend to do you use the verb 'ir a'
Voy a comprar pan. 1ou vas a hacer7 Usted va a visitar Toledo Juan va a tomar sopa
+ infinitive:

I'm going to buy bread.

$7hat are you going to do? (familiar) You're going to visit Toledo. (polite) John is going to have soup.

ref 15

(l) Indicating other conditions using the oerb 'tener' - gra?nntsr

Tener fro

Tengo mucho fro.

Tener calor

I'm very cold.

To be cold

Mara tiene caIor'

Mary is hot.
Are you tired?
To be tired, sleepjt

To be hot

Tener sueo 2Tlene usted sueo?

iQUE

VA

A TOMAR? l0s

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p. 309.

t4

Exercise
Usted.

Obtaining a table and the menu

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue and obtain a table
for four and the menu. (Ask if he has a table Jree.) Camarero; 1Para cuntos? Usted: (Say for four.) Camarero: S, seor. Por aqu. Usted: (Thank him. Ask for the menu.) Camarero: Aqu tiene usted.

(, \

Exercise
ice cream.

Ordering a meal

Order the following meal: fish soup, steak and chips, a bottle of red wine and

Camarero; 4Qu va a tomar? Camarero: ;Y despus?

Usted: Usted:

(Order fish soup.)

Camarero: 4Y para beber? sToma vino?

(Order steak and chips.)

Usted: Usted.

Camarero: lTomapostre?

(Order a bottle of red wine.) (Order an ice-ueam.)

t \

Exercise

Polite requests
de vino

Ask the waiter to bring you the following things. Example: A bottle of white wine. 2Ouiere traerme una botella blancoT

1 A mixed salad. 2 Peas with ham. 3 Roast chicken with chips. 4 Ice-cream cake. 5 A bottle of mineral water. 6 Some more bread. 7 Some more wine. 8 A black coffee. 9 A brandy. l0 The bill.
1

06

MASTERING .\'PINIS1

( ) \

Exercise

4 Explaining
a a a a a a a a a a

what you ae going to have

Example: 2ou va a tomar? (Scrambled eggs with tomato) Vov a tomar huevos revueltos con tomate.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

2ou va 2au Va 4Ou va 2Ou va 2ou va 2ou va 2ou va 2ou va 2ou va 2ou va

tomar? (Russian Salad) tomar7 (A French omelette and chips) tomar? (Squid in batter) tomar? (Pork chops with chips) tomar? (A caramel custard) tomar? (A banana) tomar? (Cheese from La Mancha) tomar? (White coffee) tomar? (Peaches in syrup) tomar? (An apple)

() \

Exercise

Getting exactty what you want

Example: Una tortilla con patatas, 2verdad? No, una tortilla sin patatas.

Correct the waiter. If he offers you something with, order it uithout and vice versa

I 2 3 4 5

Agua mineral con gas, Tverdad? Un bistec con patatas, Tverdad? Agua mineral sin gas. Tverdad? Pollo asado con patatas, 2verdad? Merluza rebozada sin patatas, 1verdad?

t \

Exercise

Simp|e orders

Give simple orders to the waiter. [Link]: 1ou |e traigo? (Mixed hors d'oeuvres) Trigame entremeses variados.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

iou |e traigo?

(Consomm)

iau le traigo? (Green beans with tomato) 2ou |e traigo? (Artichoke hearts in batter) 2ou |e traigo? (Hake in batter) 2Ou |e traigo? (Baked sea bream) iou le traigo? (Roast 1amb) 2au F traigo? (Caramel custard) 1ou |e traigo? (A bottle of red wine) 1ou |e traigo? (A black coffee and a brandy) 1ou le traigo? (The bill)

Exercise

Giving odes

Answer the following questions with polite orders. [Link]: 2Le pongo veinte Iitros7 5' pngame veinte litros'
1QUE VA A

TOMAR?

107

I 2 3 4 5

2Le traigo la cuentaT

1Le doy la direccin? 2Le escribo el precio?

2_Le

sirvo la sopa? 2Le digo el nmero de te|fono?

t , \

Exercise
[Link]:

Saying what you are going to do

iou va usted a comprar7 Voy a comprar un vestido.

l 2 3 4 5

2ou va usted a tomar? 2au va usted a beber?

r+rl

2au Va usted a visitar? 2au Va usted a ver? 1ou va usted a |eer7

F#
*-_ g

O \

Exercise

Saying how you feel

Answer the following questions in three ways. E'xample: 2Tiene usted sed7 S' tengo sed. S' tengo mucha sed. No, no tengo sed.

1 2 3 4 5

2Tiene usted hambre? 2Tiene usted calor? 2Tiene Usted fro7 iTiene Usted sueo7 2Tiene usted sedT

2Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

Quag g to7?xaT!

You are a Spanish waiter. Look at the menu on pages 99-100, listen to the tape and write down what the customers order to eat and drink.

iOB AIASTERING SPINISI

eQu contes?
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. Mark the following statements as 'true , 'false' or 'do not know'.
I

2
3

4
{
6 7

Manolo's favourite food is fish. He likes a good wine with his food. He prefers a young, white wine. His friend prefers prawns. He likes prawns cooked in batter. Neither of the two has an afternoon snack. Manolo's friend sometimes has a sandwich

mid-afternoon.

!l

compende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Look at the menu on page 102 and write answers to the following questions.
1

2
3

Name the first courses. Name the desserts. What is slightiy odd about the hamburgers? $hat is included in the orice as well as two courses and a dessert?

E
99 100. $(/hat would you tell the cook to prepare if you u'ere the waiter? (Give your answers in E,nglish.)
Look at this page from a Spanish waiter's notc-pad and the menu on pages

t ,Jc7"s de 7 / nsa(. rnjX. T@4 J lo,f ,| 41 n con t. 2 Cor4 a:.a 4o rl J r de lern

4 lno t )n1o / ajuc.t nirt .on

1QUE VA A

TOMAR?

10e

(Puzzles)

Can you unravel the anagrams to make sense of the following dialogue and write out the scrambled words correctly? Check your answers on page 319. Camarero: Buenos das, seora. aQu va a rornat? Usted: Megatria la carta, por favor. Camarero: Aqu tiene usted. Usted; Vamos a ver. Sernonoc, sopa de daspoce, rnealsarca a la rnanaro. Camarero: La zularern es muy buena hoy, seor' Usted: Muy bien. Voy a tomar una ensalada de gachule y rneatot y luego la zularern. Camarero: En seguic1a, seor.
1Qu recomienda usted?

lVerdad o rnenti?"q ? (True orfalse)

Mark these Spanish dishes as being correct or incorrect, and correct the incorrect ones.
Una ensalada de lechuga y pescado. Una tortilla francesa. Una tortilla alemana. Huevos revueltos con guisantes. Besugo al horno. Ca|amares en a|mbar. Oueso manchego. Sopa rusa. Atn con tomate. Tarta del tiempo.

IO MASTERING .SPINISH

2Adonde vamos ?
Obtaining services

Dialogues
Dialogue I
The Robinsons decide to travel on to Toledo, an ancient city some 80 kilometres south of Madrid. They leave their hotel and approach the taxi rank - la
parada de taxis.

Robert: Taxista: Robert: Taxista: Robert; TaXiSta;

;E'st libre?

A la estacin de Atocha, por favor. Muy bien. Suban ustedes. gTienen ustedes prisa? No. Vamos a Toledo, pero no s a qu hora sale el tren.
Bueno. Vamos a la estacin entonces.

S, seor. 4Adnde les llevo?

1ADONDEVAMOS?

lll

Dialogue 2
They arrive at Atocha Station and Mr Robinson goes to the ticket office
despacho de billetes.
el

Robert: ;A qu hora sale e1 prximo tren para Toledo? Taquillera. Sale a las once y media. Robert: Dos billetes, por favor. Taqui||era: 4De ida y vuelta o slo de ida? Robert: De ida y vuelta. Taqui|lera: iDe qu clase, primera o segunda? Robert: De segunda. Taquillera: Muy bien. Dos billetes de ida y vuelta segunda clase para Toledo
Taqui||era: S, claro. Cien son mil; ms cuatro mil, son cinco mil' Robert: Gracias. lDe dcinde sale el tren? Taqui||era: Andn nmero doce' Por all y a la derecha.

Robert: sTicne cambio

son novecientas pesetas. de cinco mil pesetas?

Dialogue 3
On the train the ticket collector

el revisor

arrives.

Revisor; Billetes, por favor. Robert. Aqu tiene usted. Revisor: Gracias, seor' Rot]ert: iA qu hora 1lega el tren a Toledo? Revisor: A la una menos cuarto, seor' Robert: Y, ;se puede tomar caf en el tren? Revisor: Lo siento, seor, pero en este tren no hay coche comedor

Diatogue 4
The Robinsons arrive in Toledo at lunchtime and there are no taxis on the taxi rank. Mr Robinson approaches a porter un mozo.

Robert'

Perc1n, seor.

Mozo.

la ciudad?

No hay taxis libres. ;Qu hago para llegar al centro

de

Robert. No lo

;Adnde quiere usted ir?

s exactamente.

Mozo: Pues,

coja usted el autobs nmero tres' que sa1e de delante de la estacin, ybaje en laPlaza de Zocodover, que est en el centro de la ciudad. Robert: Gracias. aconoce usted un buen hotel en Toledo? Mozo: S. El Hotei Suizo es muy bueno y muy barato.

Al centro

de la ciudad.

Mozo.

Robert; Y, 2dnde

Est en \aPlaza de Zocodover, nmero doce, seor. Robert: Muchas gracias. Mozo.' De nada, seor'

est ei Hotel Suizo?

112

MASTERING .SPINISH

Vocabula
2adnde?
les

where to?

llevar llevo |a estacin la prisa

you (plural object pronoun)

I take

to take (of people), to wear (of clothing) station to get in, go up get in (plural imperative)

subir suban ustedes tener prisa atienen ustedes prisa?

prximo/a/os/as el tren el billete de ida de ida y vuelta
s|o

hurry, haste to be in a hurry are you in a hurry?

next

train ticket

segundo/a/os/as el cambio Ztiene cambio? e| andn

a|l

return only

one way/single

por

2se puede?

poder

a||

(ue)

sentir
to

(ie)

lo saento el coche comedor

exactamente el autobs delante de

ba-1ar

there over there to be able, can can one? is it possible? to feel I'm sorry (I feel it) dining car it (object pronoun) exactly bus

platform

second change do you have change?

in front of

conocer
i.^n^ra
t tctarl)

la plaza

to get out) go down square to know, be familiar with do you know?

Explanations
(a) Transport
The Spanish nationalised railzuay system is called 'la Renfe' (Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Espaoles). Trains have different names and you pay different prices to travel on them with the highest prices being charged to travei on the
fastest trains.

1ADONDE VAMOS?

l3

The principal trains are:

AVE

the high speed train similar to the French TGV. a fast, air-conditioned train and among the best found in Spain. TER (Tren Espaol Rpido) - a fast, air_conditioned, diesel-electric train' Electrotren a fast, air-conditioned, electric train. Rpido, expreso a long-distance, stopping train. Tranva a stopping train covering short distances only. Similar to suburban commuter trains.

Intercity Simiiar to the British train.

Talgo

you arrive at the station to take your train, two boards labelled'Llegadas' (Arrivals) and 'Salidas' (Departures) wrll help you find out where and when your train leaves. A time will be given together with reference to track (va) or platform (andn) and, at the head of the platform, you will probably find a board which gives vou full information: Via
5

For long journeys it is advisable to book a ticket and a sear in advance because, when all the seats are sold, no more tickets are issued for that train. To book a seat you go to a Renfe office (oficina de vla-1es Renfe) or a travel agent (agencia de via-;es). In some stations special ticket offices (taquillas) issue reserved seats and tickets and announce this with a special notice' .Venta anticipada'. \hen

Tren: TER Destino: Sevilla

Salida: I 2.30

I14 MASTERING SPINISII

Taxis n Spain are easily recognised because they have a broad coloured stripe along the side. In Madrid this stripe is red, but it varies from city to city. They also carry a sign 'Libre' when they are free and 'Ocupado' when they are engaged by day, and a green or red light at night. Buses are easy to use because they normally have a fixed fare for all journeys. On a one-man bus you pay the driver as you get on) but on some buses the conductor (cobrador) takes your fare. (He does not come around the bus collecting fares and so you must pay before you sit down.) The bus stop (la parada de autobs) is usually clearly marked with the number of the bus which stops there and the main points in the city which the route serves. All stops are request stops and the bus wili stop only if you signal. If you are on the bus and wish to get off, you also give a signal to the driver by either pressing a bell or pulling a cord' In some cities, such as Madrid, there is a .microbs' service of small buses which are Darticularlv fast.

E
(b) Ashing ushere things are - grantrnar ref 8
Position

2Dnde est la parada de

autobs7

$here is the bus stop?

Direction towards

2Adnde va usted7
Direction from

$here are you going? $here are you from?

2De dnde es Usted7

(c) Saying you are in a hurry - grattl?t?ar ref 15

You use the phrase 'tener prisa' to tell someone you are in a hurry: Tengo prisa. 2Tiene usted prisaT Tengo mucha prisa

I'm in a hurry. Are you in a hurry?

I'm in a great hurry. 13

.La orisa' is a feminine noun and is therefore modired with .mucha':

(d) Saying that you knous sotnething - gram?7tar ref

No s a ou hora sale
e|

The verb 'saber' is slightly irregular and has an irregular first person singular:

tren'

I don't know what time the train leaves.

The rest of the verb is resular:

2Sabe Usted |a direccin?

Do vou know the address? 1ADONDE

VAMCS? I ls

(e) Expressing 'next' in a series

.Prximo' is used to express .next':
2,{ 2,{

qu hora sa|e e| tren7 qu hora sale e| prximo

tren?

\What time does the train leave?

.What

time does the next train

leave?

Vive en la orxima cal|e.

He lives in the next street.

(fl Expressing
express this idea:

the destination of sornething

If something is destined for somewhere or someone you use the word 'para' to
Este recado es para usted. 2Es ste el tren para Toledo?

This message is for you. Is this the train for Toledo?

Do not Say ..Es ste e| tren de Toledo?' for that may be taken to mean the train coming from Toledo rather than the one going to Toledo.

(g) Asking for single qnd return tickets

A single ticket, please. Un billete de ida, por favor. Un billete de ida y vuelta, por favor. A return ticket, please.

cambio de'

(h) Ashingfor change 'El cambio' is 'change' and to ask if someone has change you say
+ the amount?

'2Tiene

;Tiene camLrio de cinco mil

pesetas?

Have you got change for 5000

pesetas?

'Cambio' is also the sign over banks or travel agents where money can be
changed.

(i) Establishing departure and aniaal tirnes - gra?n?nar ref 3

2,{ 2,{

qu hora sale el tren? qu hora ||ega e| autobs?

What time does the train leave? What time does the bus arrive?

(j) Asking if sornething is possible - granx?nar ref 7 (iii)

permitted:

'Se puede' + infinitive is the basic way of asking if something is possible or

2Se puede tomar caf en el 2Se puede aparcar en esta

tren7

Is it possible to get coffee on the

calle?

tralna Is parking allowed in this street?

116 MASTERING SPINIS-I

(k) Expressing regret 2Est el seor Posada? Lo siento, pero no est.

gra??Lt?xqr

ref 7(ia)
Is

'Sentir'means 'to feel' and is used to express regret in the phrase 'lo siento': I'm sorry, but he's not in. I'm very sorry, but I don't know the
address.

Mr Posada in?

An expression of extreme regret is achieved by adding 'mucho' after the phrase:

Lo siento mucho, pero no s la direccin.

(l) Asking

ushat

you should do
The bank is shut. rVhat do I do?
I need some stamps. What do I do?

2au hago? 'Hago'is the first person singular of the verb 'hacer' and is irregular.

Necesito se||os. 1au hago? E| banco est cerrado.

(rn) Saying that you are gra??,?na ref 13

farnilior usith or knozts of sornething -

The verb 'saber', seen earlier, is used to say you know a fact. The verb 'conocer' is used to say you know of something - that is, you are familiar with
it. This verb also has an irregular first person singular, 'conozco':

lConoce usted la ciudad?

Do you know (are you familiar with)

the city? S' conozco Ia ciudad bastante bien. Yes, I know the city fairly well.

(n) Saying

ushat

you zpear

'Llevar' is used to mean 'to take' people somewhere, but is also used to express what you wear:
Siempre llevo un [Link] cuando a la oficina.

voy

I always wear a suit when I go to the

office.

(o) Personal pronouns - grantrnar ref 5(i)

The following pronouns are used to refer to people:
Me
lvle

Me mira.
Te Te quiero.

He looks at me. You (singular,

I love you.

familiar famillt

and

friends)

iADONDE VAMOS?

117

LC

Le miran.
LA

Him They look at him.

Her

La ve. Le

He sees her.
You (polite

- replacing the 'usted' pronoun, masc.) replacing the 'usted'

Le creo.
La

I believe you.

You (polite

La escucho

I listen to you.

pronoun, fem.)

(p) Soyinq you can do sornething - granx??xar ref

13

Two verbs are used to express 'can do something'. 'Poder' is used to express
'can' in the sense of having permission to, and has the following forms: Puedo fumar en la oficina. No puedes dormir aqu' Marta no puede venir Usted puede entrar ahora. 2Puede usted decirm e la hora?
I can smoke in the office. You can't sleep here.

Martha cannot come. You can go in now. Can you tell me the time?

'Saber' is used to express 'can'in the sense of knowing how to, and has the following forms: No s bai|ar muy
L}ien.

I can't (don't know how to) dance

2Sabes hab|ar francs7 Juan sabe hacer una paella 2Sabe ustedJugar al tenis?

Can you speak French? John can make a paella. Can you play tennis?

very well.

(q) Expressing that things qre rnade, sold, etc. - gra?n??xar ref 7(iii)
The pronoun 'se' is used with almost any verb to express the passive form of
the verb (is made, are soid, etc.):

2Dnde se Vende el pan?

2Dnde se Compran |os bo|sos7 $7here are handbags bought? E| vino se bebe mucho en Espaa. !7ine is drunk a lot in Spain. Los billetes se sacan en la taouilla. Tickets are obtained at the ticket
office.

Where is bread sold? (Literally where does bread sell itselP)

(r) Adjectiaes ushich haae a short forrn

Three common adjectives shorten before masculine singular nouns. They are 'Lrueno','primero' and'tercero':

IIB

[Link]

Es un buen vino, 2verdad? Est en el primer piso' Vaya usted al tercer piso.

It's a good wine, isn't it? It's on the first floor. Go to the third floor.

Exercises
a
The keg to these exercise begins on p.
3 1 1.

a) Exercise I Obtaining a taxi and \1

Taxista: S, seor. ;Adnde les llevo? Taxista: Muy bien. Suban ustedes.

stating the destination

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue.

Usted: Usted:

(Ask if he (Say
to

is

free.)

Atocha Station, please.)

Now repeat the exercise, but ask the taxi driver to take you to the Plaza Mayor and you are in a hurry.

Taxista: S seor. ;Adnde les llevo? Taxista; Muy bien. Suban ustedes. gTienen ustedes prisa? Usted: (Sag yes, lou are in a hurry.)

Usted: Usted:

(Ask if he

is

free.)

(Say to the Plaza Mayor.)

Exercise
Usted: Usted: Usted: Usted:

Finding out train times and booking tickets

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue.

Taquillera; Sale

(Ask when the next train leaaes for Toledo.) a las once y media.
(Ask;t'or two tickets, please.) (Ask;t'or returu tickets.)

TaquilIera; ;De ida y vuelta o slo de ida?

Taquillera: ;De qu clase, primera o segunda? Taquillera: Muy bien.

(Say second-class.)

Now repeat the exercise and book a first-class single ticket to Barcelona, having irst found out when the next train leaves.

Exercise

3 Asking

for change

Ask if the ticket-office clerk has change for the following. Example: 1000 pesetas. 2Tiene camLrio de mil pesetasT 1ADONDE VAMOS? 119

I 2 3 4 5
500 pesetas.
100 pesetas.

5000 pesetas.
50 pesetas. 2000 pesetas,

( ) \

Exercise

4 Asking

arrival times

Example: Train/Toledo. aA qu hora ||ega e| tren aTo|edo?

1 TraiMadrid. 2 Bus/city centre. 3 Taxi/hotel. 4 Train/coast. 5 Bus/museum.

Exercise 5 Asking if something is Possible o Permitted
Example: Have coffee/here. 45e puede tomar caf aqu?

1 2 3 ,1 5

ParVhere.
Smoke/in this room.

Go into/the museum. Try on/this dress.

Eanow'

Exercise

Stating that something is or is not permitted

Examples: 2Se puede fumar en el teatro en Espaa7 (No) No se puede fumar en e| teatro en Espaa. 2Se puede fumar en Un bar en |nglaterra? (SD 5' se puede fumar en un bar en Inglaterra.

I 2 3 4 5

2Se puede aparcar en esta calle? (No)

2Se

puede tomar vino con la comida? (S) 2Se puede'1ugar a| go|f aqu7 (5) 2Se puede hacer caf en la habitacin7 (No) 2Se puede comer ms tarde7 (S)

( \

Exercise 7 Asking if someone l(nows of certain places

Examole: Un buen hotel iConoce usted Un buen hotel por aqu?

1 2 3 4 5

Un buen caf. Una buena discoteca. Una buena tienda de modas. Un buen restaurante. Una buena farmacra.

120 MASTERING SPINIS1

lBl O \
Exercise

Can you or cant you?

Answer the following questions in two ways. [Link]: 2Sabe usted nadar? S' s nadar' No' no s nadar.

1 2 3 4 5

2Sabe usted hablar francs7 2Sabe usted bailarT 2Sabe usted hacer caf? lSabe usted jugar al gol? 1Sabe usted hablar ingls7

Now repeat the exercise and give genuine answers.

( ) \

Exercise

Do you know them o don't you?

|e

Example: 2Conoce usted a este seor7 {No) No' no

conozco

I 2Conoce 2 lConoce 3 lConoce 4 2Conoce 5 2Conoce

usted usted usted usted usted

a mi mu-1er7 (S) a mis primosT (No) a esta seora? [No) a estos seores? (No)
|a

ciudad?

(S)

fl Exercise t o Asking \1 etc.

1 2 I 4 5
Los cigarrillos/comprar. Los [Link]/vender. Las camisas/hacer El vino/vender. Los tra..1es/hacer.

whee things are sold' made, bought,

Example: Los zapatos/vender iDnde se venden |os zapatos?

2comprende usted el espao| hablado?

(Lisrening exercises)

En lo taquilla
Listen to the tape and write down in English where the traveller wishes to go, at what time she wants to arrive and what type and class of ticket she
wants.

1ADONDE VAMOS? t21

NJ

! B

\ z

a\

C..

\t

(a
ELECTRO
{3t

z r.i
ESTRELLA
(4) {s)

:F

RAPIDO

TALGO
NTERCITY

EXPRESO EXPflESO
(7t
z

(1)

to,

MADR lD-Ch 8,45

12,30 '16,26 1 18,30 18,41

a m a rtin [Link]

to,rc
,4c 4,40 ?n Ea 4,40 6,58 7,45 7,45 22,06

ALBACETE
14,59

)?
?E

Villena Elda-Petrel

13,18

ta
to,tb
20.15 )n nq

19,42
1A (1

1A.M

ALlcNTE

(l)

i2)

(3)

RAPIoo. suolem. E. 1.6,2., {[Link])' caeteria. Guarderia' Autocares entre A|[Link]/[Link]/vilIajoyosa y campoamo. ELECBoREN. supIem. B' J-., 2-' (Madrld'Alicantei. cafetera. ESTRELLA .NARANCol' supiem. D. circu|a ]os sbados y adems los mircoles. enrre ei [Link] al ]4-lX.88. 2.. {[Link]). caetgria' 8a|| club. servicio

{4)

(sl

{6)

17)

combinado aUtocares entre AIicante Y Bentdom/campelto^r'iIlaioyosTorrevre1a y Campoamor' TLGo' SupIem. A. 1..' 2.. (Macjrid'AIicanle). Caetera y video. sefuiclo combinado aUlocaes entre Alicante y Benidorm/CampelIolVilIajoyosTorrevieja Y CamDoamor. lNTERCITY. suplem' B. 1-l, 2.. (ttladrid'AIicante). caetgra. lileas. ExPREso' No circuIa del 24.V| a| ,[Link]- ]...2.., camas, .].",2.l, Autoexpreso (Madrid Alicanle)' EXPBEso "CoSA 8LANCA". circuIa de| 24'V| aI l7'lx. camas' literas. Autoexpreso 1Maorid'Alicante). Servicio combinado de autocares ontre Alicante y Benidorm/campello/viIlajoYosTorrevieia y campoamo.

pucoges?
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. You may find you need to look up in your dictionary two or three forms of transport' but see if you can
guess them irst.

I How does the woman like to travei? 2 How does the man usually travel? 3 !hat does he do if he cannot use that means of transport? 4 How does the man travel to work? 5 Why? 6 How does the woman travel to work? 7 How does she travel when on holiday? 8 How does the man describe this means of transport? 9 What does she sav about it?

LJ] compende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Look at the page from the RENFE timetable opposite and answer the questions in English.

1 2 3 4 5 6

\7hat is meant

$7hat facilities are available on the Rpido? On which days does the Estrella 'Naranco' run? $7hat facilities are available on the Expreso? Is the Expreso a daily service? How do you reach Benidorm/Campello/Yillaloyosa Talgo?

by .Sup|em'' in the footnotes?

etc. if you travel on the

lADONDE VAMOS?

123

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

En la agencia de oiajes
Can you put this conversation in the right order?

_ En tren es ms

Todo depende de| precio. 1Cunto vale en tren7

Caro

ms cmodo' c|aro. A las tres y media de la tarde. Buenos das. 2Ou desea? Pues deme un bi|lete en tren oara maana. 2Cmo quiere ir, en tren o en autocar? Muy bien, seorita' Ouisiera ir a Barcelona.
2Y en autocarT
2,A

dos mil quinientas pesetas _ pero es ms rpido y

qu hora sale e| tren? En autocar son mil trescientas pesetas, ida y vuelta.

124 MASTERING SPINIS/

2Tiene una habitacin |ibre?

Obtaining services - 2

ffim#&ffi[
"ffffiwssxwffiffiffi

wam*&ffi-e

ffi&ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi

ffiffiffi ffieffiffi w

&&ffitr&ffiffiffiffiffi

&

tx&&ffi.r

Dialogues
Dialogue
1

The Robinsons arrive at the Hotel Suizo. They go in and approach the reception desk - recepcin _ where a young lady greets them.
ITIENE UNA HABITACION

LIBRE?

125

Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. iEn qu puedo servirle? Robert: Buenas tardes. 1Tiene una habitacin libre? Recepcionista; ilndividual o doble? Robert: Doble. por favor. Recepcionista: iCon cuarto de bao? Robert: S. Recepcionista: Vamos a ver. Doble con cuarto de bao. S, la quince est libre. iPara cuntos das? Robert: Para tres das; hasta el viernes. Recepcionista: Muybien. Robert: ;Cunto vale 1a habitacin? Recepcionista' La habitacin vale ocho mil pesetas por da. Luego tiene usted

valen dos mil pesetas cada uno. Robert: Doce mil cuatrocientas pesetas por da entonces. Recepcionista: No, seor. La pensin completa vale un poco menos: doce mi1 pesetas por da. iQuiere usted 1a pensin completa? Robert: Si, por favor. Recepcionista: Ustedes son ingleses, lverdad?

Robert: iCunto valen las comidas? Recepcionista: El desayuno vale cuatrocientas pesetas, el almuerzo v la

las comidas.

cena

Robert: Eso es. Recepcionista: lQuiere rellenar este impreso, por favor? Robert: S. ;Qu piso es? Recepcionista: Segundo piso. Aqu tiene usted la llave. Robert: Gracias.

Dialosue 2
After a brief examination of the room Joan Robinson is not entirely satisfied and calls the porter el portero.

Joan;

Portero: S, seora. Joan: Me parece que

no funciona.

iOiga! ;Quiere venir un momento?

esta toalla no est limpia, y Ia luz en el cuarto de bao
a

Portero: ;Perdone usted, seora! Voy a cambiar la toalla en seguida y

Joan:

arreglar la iuz en el cuarto de bao.

Gracias.

Diatogue 3
The Robinsons decide to go out for a walk before dinner and ask for a town
plan at the receptionist's.

Joan:

Recepcionista: S, seora. Aqu tiene usted.

Seorita, itiene usted un plano de la ciudad?

126 MASTERING SPIN/SH

'b

8#g
B,-

&'*
E|

A|czar

Joan: Joan:

Gracias. Recepcionista: Joan: Gracias. ReCeDcionista.

Gracias. 4Por dnde se va al Alczar? Recepcionista: Salga usted dei hotel, tuerza a la derecha y siga todo derecho. El Alczar es el edificio muy grande al final de 1a calle. Adis. Adis.
1A qu hora se sirve la cena? A partir de las ocho y media hasta ias once, seora.

Vocabulary
servrr

2en qu puedo servir|e? La qU hora se sirve .'.? le/la

{rl

individual doble el cuarto de bao

vrernes

to help, serve how can I help you? at what time is ... served? you (polite) single

double bathroom

por da el desayuno el almuerzo caaa cada uno/a |a pensin comp|eta un poco rellenar

Friday
lunch
each

per day, a day breakfast each one full board to fill in

a little

l IENE UNA HABITACION LIITRE?

127

el impreso
pl nnrtprn la toalla

form porter (in hotei)

towel clean

limpio/a/os/as
la luz

funcionar peroonar ;perdone ustedl cambiar arreglar el plano

salir

light to work (of lights, machines, etc.)

to forgive forgive me to change to repair, fix plan, map (of a city) to leave, go out go out (imperative) to turn, twist turn (imperative) to carry on, follow carry on (imperative) straight ahead

salga usted torcer {uel

tuerza
srga

seguir

(i)

todo derecho el ediflcio a partir de

building from (of time or money)

Explanations
(a) Hotels
Hotels in Spain, as in many other countries, indicate their category with stars, with five stars indicating an expensive, luxury hotel and one star indicating a cheap, simple hotel. A 'hostal' will be slightly cheaper than a hotei with the .pensin' will be a simple boarding-house. A11 hotels are Same Star-rating and a controlled by the 'Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo' and all must display a price iist (tarifa de precios) in every room. The 'tarifa de precios' will tell you the price of the rooms, with a maximum price charged for meals and other services provided by the hotel. 'Paradores' are a state-owned chain of hotels many of which are converted castles which have been beautifully restored to their previous splendour. A list of the 'paradores' can be obtained from the Spanish Tourist Office (see page 358 for the address). The tourist office (oficina de informacin y turismo) in any city can provide a list of the hotels in that city
together with the prices they charge.

(b) Asking for a roo??t

You ask if the hotel has a room with the phrase:
1Tiene una habitacin |ibre7
FIave you got a room available?

You make known your detailed requirements by using the following words:

128 MASTERING SPIAI/S1

2lndividual o doble? Doble, por favor.

Single or double? Double, please.

If you require a twin-bedded room, you say:

With two beds. Con dos camas. ZCon cuarto de bao o con ducha7 With a bath or a shower? With a shower. Con ducha.

(c) Days of the useek

These are as follows: lunes martes mircoIes Jueves viernes

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Monday

sbado

domingo

Friday Saturday Sunday

The days of the week are always written with a small initial letter and 'on * day of the week' is expressed by 'el + day of the week':
El martes voy a

Granada.

On Tuesday I'm going to Granada. On $Tednesdav I don't work. On Saturdays I go to the cinema. On Sundays I play golf.

To express

a regular habit you use 'los' with the day:

Los mirco|es no trabajo.

Saturday and Sunday are the only two days which have a plural form: Los sbados voy a| cine' Los domingosJuego al golf

(d) Expressing hous rnuch per hour, day, useek, ?Ttolrth, etc. grantrnar ref 3
You simply place 'por' in front of the reievant noun:
Doscientas pesetas por hora. Mil pesetas por da. Cinco mil pesetas por semana. Diez mll pesetas por mes.
200 pesetas an 1000 pesetas a 5000 pesetas a l0 000 pesetas

hour.
day. week.
a month.

(e) Expressing opinions - gra?ntnar ref 14

One way to do this is to use 'creo que' + phrase. Simple opinions can then be
expressed as follows:

Creo que si. Creo que no

I think so. I think not.

1TIENE UNA HABITACION

LIBRE?

129

Creo oue est en Nueva York

I think he's in New York.

+ phrase:

Another way is to use 'me parece' + adjective or 'me parece'

2ou |e parece |a habitacin? Me parece muy bonita.

2Llueve?

What do you think of the room? I think it's very nice. (It seems very
nice to me.) Is it raining? I think it's not raining. (It seems to me that it is not raining.)

Me parece que no llueve.

ref 8
;

(f) Mahing co?nplaints and getting things put right - gra?n?nar

(i) Clean and dirty

cLJ!L'

tr<ta Iimnin a| rt t17fg l

"

de bao?

Esta toal|a est sucia.

Is the bathroom clean? This towel is dirty

'Estar' is used with these two adjectives because being clean or dirty is a temporary condition.

(ii) Getting things changed or repaired

If something does not work, the phrase you use
rs:

No funciona. La luz no funciona. E| te|fono no funciona

It does not work.

The light does not work. The telephone does not work
say:

To ask for something to be changed, you

2Ouiere cambiar ...? 2Ouiere cambiar las toallas?

Will you change ...? Will you change the towels?

say:

To ask for something to be repaired, you

Can you repair...? 2Puede arreglar ...? arreglar la luz? Can you repair the light? iPuede arreglar estos zapatosT Can you repair these shoes? iPuede

(g) More

TDays of finding

your zaay about - grarnrnar ref

11

In Chapter 4 you learned some basic ways of finding your way about a town and you should revise them before tackling these new ways:
\zlna rlel |":ntel

Tuerza a la derecha. Tuerza a la izquierda. Siga todo derecho.

Turn right. Turn left. Carry on straight ahead. (Note the difference between 'todo derecho' and 'a la derecha'.)

Leave the hotel.

I30 MASTERING SPINISH

(h) Finding out ushen sornething happens - grsttl?tlar ref 7(iii)

By placing the pronoun 'se' in front of many third person singular or plural verbs you can find out when or how things are done: 2,{ qu hora se sirve |a cena7 What time is dinner served? (What time does dinner serve itselP) 2A qu hora se abre el banco? What time is the bank open? (\X/hat time does the bank open itselP) iDnde se vende e| tabaco? $7here is tobacco sold? (\X/here does tobacco sell itselP)

(i) Radical-changing cerbs - grq??x??Lar ref 7(ia)

Most verbs have a stem which does not change and an ending which does. For
example:

Como mucho. Comes ooco. Come demasiado.

rypes.

You eat little.

FIe eats too much.

I eat a lot.

Some verbs change both the stem arrd the ending and can be grouped into three

(i) Verbs which change '-e-' into '-ie-' in the stern

The change is underlined.

Emoezar

Empiezo a las siete.

Empiezas ms tarde' Empieza a la una

To begin I begin at seven o'clock. You begin later. He begins at one o'clock.

The change affects the first, second and third persons singular and the third
person plural. Verbs which change in the same way are as follows: Preferir
To prefer I prefer blondes. To wish, want) loz)e I love you very much.

Preflcro las rubias.

Te ouiero mucho

Ouerer

Sentarse

Me siento en la sala de estar.

To sit down I sit down in the living-room.

To

Sentir Lo siento mucho. Tener 2ou t1ene usted7

I'm very sorry. (I feel it a lot.)

feel, regret

Venir 2A qu hora v,lene

e|

autobs7

To haae (Note: 'tengo'= I have) $7hat have you got? To come (Note: 'vengo'= I come) $hat time does the bus come?

1TIENE UNA HABITACION

LIBRE?

I3I

Nevar

Nieva mucho en los Empezar

Pirineos.

To snow

It snows a lot in the Pyrenees.

Verbs which change in this way are indicated in the vocabularies as follows:
(ie)

To begin
'-o-' into '-ue-' in the stern

(ii) Verbs which change '-u-' or

The change is underlined.

Jugar jugo

To

plal

aI go|f

I play golf. To be able, can

Poder aPqgde usted decirme? Dormir Mi marido duerme mal. Acostarse Me acuesto tarde |os sbados.
Llover

Can you tell me?

My husband sleeps badly.

To go to bed

To sleep

I go to bed late on Saturdays.

7'o rain

Llueve mucho en lnglaterra,

2verdad? Probarse Marta se prqgba la falda.

It rains a lot in England, doesn't it? To tty on (of clothng)

Martha tries the skirt on.

Verbs which change in this way are indicated in the vocabularies as follows:

Jugar (uel Poder {ue)

To play To be able, can

(iii) Verbs which change '-e-' into '-i-' in the stern o All of these aerbs belong to the '-ir'catego?y. The change
zou pide usted?
Servir 2Para qu sjrve7 Pedir
To ask;for

is underlined.

$7hat are you asking for?

To serz;e, help, be usedfor

What's it used for?

To follow, carty on (Iote:

Seguir Pedro slgue por la Pedir

.5i9o'=

calle.

Peter carries on along the street.

follow)

Verbs which change in this way are indicated in the vocabularies as follows:

i)

To ask for
grq??x??tcrr ref 14

(j) Expressing needs 132 MASTERING SPIN/SI

This can be done by using the verb 'quiero', I want:

ouiero un caf.
However, two other ways are as follows:

I want a coffee.

Necesitar Necesito una toalla limpia. Hacer falta Me hace falta un plano de la ciudad. Me hacen [alta unos Tdnat.:'\

To need I need a clean towel. To need, lack I need a plan of the city ('hace'

because 'plano' is singular).

I need some shoes

'zapatos' is plural).

('hacen' because

Exercises
a
The kelt to these exercises begins on p. -?14.

t Exercise t Booking a room \

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; book yourself double room with bath. Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. lEn que puedo servirle? Usted: (Say good aftentoon. Ask i;f they have a roont free.) Recepcionista: llndividual o doble?

Recepcionista: ;Con cuarto de bao o con ducha?

Usted:

(Say double, please.) a barh.)

Usted: (Sa1with

Now repeat the exercise and book a single room with a shower.

Exercise 2 Finding out the price

Establish the price charged for the room and meals and accepr the terms.

Usted: Usted:

las comidas. (Ask how mttch the meals cost.) Recepcionista: El desayuno vale cuatrocientas pesetas, el almuerzo y la cena valen dos mil pesetas cada uno.

Recepcionista: La habitacin vale ocho mil pesetas por da' Luego tiene usted

(Ask how much the room

costs.)

Usted: Usted.

(Szggesr that full board costs 12,400 pesetas per day.) Recepcionista: No. La pensin completa vale un poco menos: doce mil

pesetas por da. 4Quiere usted la pensin completa?

(Sayyes, please.)

TTIENE UNA HABI'TACION

LIBRE2

133

( ) \

Exercise
Usted:

Making comPlaints
to

Complain that the towel is not clean and the light does not work in the bathroom.
(Say that it seems
usted!

you that this towel is dirty and the light in the bathroom

Portero: lPerdone
does not work.

does not work.)

Now repeat the exercise and complain that the bed is dirty and the telephone

( ) \

Exercise

Saying when you do things

E'xample: 2au daJuega Usted a| go|? (Monday) Juego al golf e| |unes'

1 2 3 4 5

2Ou da va Usted a Sevi|la? (\l/ednesday) 2au da empieza usted su traba''1o? (Friday) zOu da sa|e usted para Crdoba? (Thursday) 1ou da l|ega usted a Barce|ona7 (Tuesday) 2Ou da est usted |ibre? (Saturday)

( ) \

Exercise

Understandang what things cost

Explain to a friend, who does not speak Spanish, what things cost' Example: Vale doscientas pesetas por hora. It costs 200 pesetas an hour.

1 2 3 4 5

Vale Vale Vale Vale

dos mil pesetas Por dia. siete mil pesetas por semana. treinta mil Pesetas Por mes. tres mil pesetas Por hora. Va|e cien pesetas por da'

Exercise

Expressing opinions

Express an opinion about the following. Example: iou le parece |a habitacin? (Very nice) Me parece muy bonita.

1 2 3 4 5

2ou |e parece e| hote|? (Excellent) 2au |e parece esta seorita7 (Very nice) 2Ou |e parece |a comida? (Rather expensive) 2au |e parece |a ciudad? (Very romantic) 1ou |e parece e| bo|so7 (Cheap)

( ) Exercise 7 Asking when and where things happen \

I 2
La cena se strve a las nueve. Las aspirinas se venden en la farmacia'

The following are the answers. $hat were the questions? E,xample: E| tabaco se vende en e| estanco. iDnde se vende el tabaco7

134 MASTERING SPIN/SH

3 4 5

El banco se abre a las diez. Se puede aparcar en la plaza. La fruta se vende en |a frutera

O \

Exercise

8 Answering

questions

Answer the following questions.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 l1 L2

zA qu hora empieza Usted su traba1o por la maana? 2au prefiere Usted, e| vino o Ia Cerveza? 2Ouiere usted ser rico (rical? 2Dnde se sienta usted para ver la telev|sin? 2Tiene usted hermanosT 2Cmo viene usted a su traba.'1o? 2Nieva mucho en su ciudadT ZJuega usted al gol? 2Duerme usted bien o mal? 2,1 qu hora 5e acuesta usted los sbados? 2l|ueve mucho en su regin? 2Sirve usted vino con la comida los domingos?

Exercise

Expressing a need

Change the following and use 'me hacelhacen falta'. Example: Necesito ms tiempo. Me hace fa|ta ms tiempo. nuevos.

Necesito unos zaDatos nuevos. Me hacen falta unos zapatos

una toalla limoia. una chaqueta de piel. unos calcetines. un relo.1 de oro. una cartera nueva.

1 2 3 4 5

Necesito Necesito Necesito Necesito Necesito

;Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

En lo recepcin
Listen to the tape and write down exactly what the tourist wants, and the price
of the room.

TTIENE UNA HABITACION

LIBRE2

135

lQuiere aenir un ntornento?

Listen to the tape and write down what the client is complaining about.

En qu puedo serairle?
\Yhy has the woman come to the Reception Desk? \hat two things are wrong with her room? When was the room cleaned? What is her room number?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

1 2 3 4

2comprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Look at the photographs on page |25. !hich notice would you pay attention to
if you:

l 2 3 4

$anted to find a room for the night with no other facilities? Were looking for the swimming pool in the hotel? $Tanted a room with a bath and central heating? $anted to rent a flat in the town centre?

Read the descriptions of the three hotels and their facilities on the next page, and then select the hotel from the ones given.

1 2 3 4

You wish to organise a business conference in the north of Spain in a hotel with good conference facilities. You want to take your whole family for a holiday with all kinds of sporting facilities available. You are something of a gourmet and eating well is important to you. You want to be able to explore the capital of Spain with a good hotel to return ro in the evening.

l3

MASTERING sPlNISH

HOTEL MIRAMAR
Carretera de Granada, 23
Situado en el mejor lugar de la Costa del Sol, en el centro de Almera, al lado del mar, ais|ado de ruido, con extensos jardines - tenis, piscina, deportes nuticos, extensa playa, campo de golf a 2 kilmetros, parking gratuito, piscina
para nios.

telfono

restaurante y bar. Abierto todo el ao.

132 habitaciones, todas con cuarto de bao, televisin' y calefaccin central. Aire acondicionado en el

HOTEL GOZMAN
carril.

Plaza de Colon, 15, Len Situacin: En zona cntrica y cerca de la estacin de ferro.
Habitaciones: 150 con bao, calefaccin, telfono, mini-bar

y televisin.

fiestas y servicio mdico.

Complementos: Amplios salones y excelente cocina regional e internacional, sala de conferencias, sala de

HoTEL CATALN
80 habitaciones todas con cuarto de bao completo
Castellana y del centro de la capital.
Categora 4 estrellas ****

Calle Velzquez, 145, Madrid

o

ducha, televisin, [Link], aire acondicionado' Hotel de

reciente construccin situado cerca del Paseo de la

1TIENE UNA HABITACION

LIBRE?

137

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

En el hotel
Look at the picture of the hotel reception and list all the words which contatn the letter 'e'. For example 'perro' (dog).

_*,-,qa H"zlE r ""' (! -i\

.(r: '1.'l

38

MASTERING s.PlN1s'1

Revision and self-assessment test for Chaptes 6-| o

Administer the test and mark it in the manner outlined for the earlier test (see pages 66-68).

Section t
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. If you have the cassette do nol
read he intetwiew.

Interaieus Hombre: Buenos das, seora. tQu desea? Mujer: Quisiera ver algunos zapatos, por favor. Hombre; Muy bien, seora' ;Qu nmero gasta [Link]: Un treinta y ocho. Hombre: Y, 4de qu color?

usted?

Mu.;er: Negros. Hombre: istos, por ejemplo? Mu..1er; Vamos a ver. ;Ay! Son un poco estrechos. 1Tiene usted un nmero
s. Un momento' por favor. S, seora, aqu tiene usted un trelnta y nueve. Mu.;er: iDe qu son? ;De piel o de plstico? Hombre: Son de piel, seora. Todos los zapatos en esta tienda son de piel. Mr4er: S. stos sorr mucho ms cmodos. ;Cunto valen?. Hombre: Valen cinco mil seiscientas pesetas) seora. Mu.1er: Muy bien. stos, por favor. Hombre: Gracias, seora. iQuiere pagar en caja? Por aqu.

Hombre: Creo que

trelnta y nueve?

Questions
Now write down the answers to the foilowing questions.

1 2 3 4

What $hat What What

does the woman want? size does she take? colour does she want? is wrong with the first pair she tries?

REVISION AND SE'[Link]

TEST

139

5 What does she ask for? 6 What does she want to know about them? 7 !hat are they made oP 8 \7hat are the other shoes in the shop made 9 What does she say about the second pair? l0 How much do they cost?

of)

Section 2

@) Getting a rneal
!7rite down what you would say in answer to the waiter's questions to get yourself a meal of a mixed salad, roast chicken with chips, ice-cream and a bottle of
red wine.

Camarero: ;Qu va a tomar de primer plato?

(Ask for a mixed salad.) Camarero; iY despus? Usted: (Ask for roast chicken and chips.)

Usted:

Camarero: lTomapostre?

Camarero: 4Y para beber?

Usted: Usted:

(Say yes, an ice-creant.) (Ask for a bottle of red wine.)

2> Gq

@) Finding out about trains

Write down what you would say to obtain the following information in a railway
station.

1 2 3 4 5
/7>

The time of the next train to Barcelona. The price of a return ticket. The place the train leaves from. Vhether meals are served on the train. The arrival time in Barcelona.

$q ft)

Booking a

roo??L

in a hotel

\X/rite down what you would say to the receptionist in a hotel to obtain a double

room with bath for ten days. Also find out about the price of the room'

Recepcionista: Buenos das. iEn qu puedo servirle?

Usted.

(Ask i he has a room free.) Recepcionista: llndividual o doble? Usted: (Say dorLble, Please.) Recepcionista: 1Con cuarto de bao? Usted: (Say yes, with a bathroom.) Recepcionista: ;Para cuntos das?

140

MASTERING SPINISI

Recepcionista: Muybien.

Usied:

(Say or ten days')

Usted:

(Ask how much the room

costs.)

Mark scheme
o o
2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20) 3 marks per correct sentence (maximum 12)

Section

Section 2(a)

.
o

4 marks per correct sentence (maximum 20) 4 marks per correct sentence (maximum 20)

Section 2(b) Section 2(c)

Maximum total 72
Se/y' asses
s

?7xent g ra de

60 excellent 60 satisfactory Under 40 need for careful

40
Over

revision

Answers
Section
I

I Some shoes. 2 Size 38. 3 Black. .t They are rather tight. 5 A size 39. 6 If they are made of leather or plastic. 7 Leather. 8 Leather. Q Thev are mrrch more comfortable. 10 5600 pesetas.
Section 2
(a) Getting a rneal
Voy a tomar una ensalada mixta.
REVISION AND S'ETF-ISSESS-^4EN7

TEST

141

S, un helado.

Pollo asado con patatas. Una botella de vino tinto.

(b) Finding out about trains

l zA qu hora sa|e el prximo tren para Barcelona? 2 2Cunto vale un bi|lete de ida y vuelta? 3 1De dnde sale el tren? 4 2Se puede comer en el tren? 5 tA qu hora l|ega e| tren a Barce|ona7
(c) Booking a roorn in a hotel
2Tiene una habitacin Iibre? Doble, por favor. S' con Cuarto de bao. Para diez das. 2Cunto vale |a habitacin7

142 MASTERING SPINISH

a|.e gusta?
Likes, dislikes and preferences

Dialogues

Dialogue

Mr Robinson's professional interest in souvenir shops takes him and his wife to
a handicraft shop and factory in Toledo: Artesana Espao|a, Ca||e de Samue|

Lev, 4. They go first to the workshops.

Joan: iCon Joan;

Emp|eado: Con oro y acero, seora. Es el arte tpico de Toledo y damasquinado. ;Le gusta?
S, me gusta mucho' aQu se fabrica aqu exactamente?

qu se fabrica todo esto?

se llama arte

Emp|eado: Aqu se fabrica de todo, seora: broches, collares, pendientes, espadas . . . Esto, por ejemplo) es un broche. ;Le gusta?

lLE GUSTA?

143

Joan:

Emp|eado: [Link] es, seora. Se venden en la tienda que est ah al lado del taller. Y se exportan tambin a Inglaterra, a Francia y a los Estados Unidos. Joan: Bueno. Muchas gracias. Ahora voy a ver lo que tienen en la tienda.

S, es muy bonito.

iY

todas estas cosas se venden aqu?

Empleado: Adis'

Adis.

seora.

Dialosue 2
Joan finds her husband, who is already in the shop. He is choosing presents for friends back home.

Robert: 1Hola, cario!

Joan:

gusta?

[Link] broche eS para Isabel, la hermana de

Bill. iTe

Dependienta; Vale dos mil pesetas, seora. Robert: Y unos pendientes para Dolores. Le gustan los pendientes a Dolores,

S, me gusta mucho. E's muy bonito. 4Cunto vale?

;verdad? S, creo que s. 4Tiene usted pendientes? Dependienta: Claro que s. seora. Estos son muy bonitos, ;no? Joan; S, son bastante bonitos, pero me gustan ms aqullos. Dependienta: 1stos, seora? Joan; S. ;No te gustan) cario? Robert: S, me gustan mucho. aSon caros? Dependienta: No, seor. Slo mil ochocientas pesetas. Joan: Estos, entonces. Robert: Y ahora, un regalo para ti' .Qu quieres? Joan: Me gustan mucho los collares que tienen. Mira. seme encanta

Joan:

Dependienta:

4E'ste, seora?

144 MASTERING SPINISII

Joan:

Robert: Muy bien. El broche, los pendientes y ese collar, por favor. Dependienta: Gracias, seor. 4Quiere pagar en caja? Por aqu.

S. Es precioso.

Dialogue 3
Sightseeing is always a tiring business and, evenrually, Joan calls a halt.

Joan:

Camarero; Buenos das, seor. 4Qu van a tomar? Robert: Un caf con leche para m. 1Qu quieres, cario? Joan: Me gustara tomar algo fro. 4Qu tiene? Camarero: Pues hay batidos, horchata, limn natural, cerveza . . . Joan: Un limn natural, por favor. Camarero: Muy bien. 2A1go ms? Robert; lHay churros? Me gustan mucho los churros. Camarero: S, hay churros, seor. ;Y para la seora? Joan: Una ensaimada. Camarero: Muy bien. Un caf con leche, un limn natural' una racin de

Vamos a tomar caf aqu. Ya sabes que no me gusta andar todo el da. Estoy cansada. Robert: Muy bien, cario. 1Oiga, camarero!

Robert: Eso

churros y una ensaimada.

es.

Vocabulary
f

se fabrica
eSto et oro
et

abricar

el broche el collar los pendientes la espada

gusta me gusta me gusran te gusta le gusta le gusta me gustan ms me gustara

tpico/a/os/as damasquina do/a/os/as

el arte

acero

to make, manufacture (it) is made, manufactured this (neither masculine nor feminine) gold

damascened (steel nlaid with gold) to like (literally, to please)

typical

art

steel

i like

you like (familiar) you like (polite) she likes I prefer (they please me more) I would like (it would please me)

(it pleases me) I like (they please me)

brooch

ah

necklace earrings sword

there

lLE GUSTA?

145

el taller

exportar se exportan

workshop to export (they) are exported

Francia los Estados Unidos la hermana aqu|' aqu||a/os/as el regalo

ri

USA

France

ya

encantar me encanra precioso/a/os/as

andar cansado/a/os/as algo frio el batido la horchata

e| |imn natura|

sister that, those (over there) (pronoun) present, gift you (familiar, object pronoun) to delight, please very much I love it (it delights me) beautiful, adorable already to walk tired something cold (to drink) milk-shake refreshing drink made from almonds batter fritter
l^-^;,,;-^ ^,,*^ rLrrrvrr rqN! PurL

los churros

la ensaimada |a racin

portlon

sugared bun

Explanations
(a) Saying you lihe sornething _ grc.n??ar ref 14

Likes and dislikes are expressed using the verb 'gustar', but this verb means 'to please'. Therefore the English sentence is reversed:
Me gusta el vino.
(El

vino me gusta.)

I like wine. (Wine pleases me.)

The verb is third person singular because the thing that pleases you is third
person singular. If what pleases you is plural, the verb is plural:

Me gustan las uvas. (Las uvas me gustan.)

(Grapes please me.)

like grapes.

(b) Saying you like doing sornething - grc?7lrnar ref

The same form is used and the verb is alwavs singular:
Me gusta lugar al golf

14

I like to play golf. (Playing

golf

pleases me.)

146 MASTERING SPANISH

(c) Saying you do not lihe sortething or doing sornething grarL?txar ref 14
The verb is made negative:

No me gusta el vino. (El vino no me gusta.l No me gustan las uvas. {Las uvas no me gustan.l No me gusta Jugar al golf

I do not like wine.

(Wine does not please me.)

(Grapes do not please me.) golf does not please me.)

I do not like grapes.

I do not like to play golf. (Playing

(d) Saying hous rnuch you like sornething or doing sornething gran?Lar ref 14
The basic sentence is modified in the following ways: Me gusta el vino. Me gusta bastante el vino. Me gusta mucho el vino. No me gusta el vino. No me gusta nada el vino.
I I I I I

like wine.

quite like wine. like wine very much. do not like wine. do not like wine at ail

(e) Expressing a preference for sontething or doing sornething gratnrrlar ref 14

.ms' after the verb. The basic sentence is modified by the addition of the word

2ou |e gusta ms,

cerveza?

e|

vino o

|a

Which do you prefer, wine or beer?

I prefer beer.

Me gusta ms |a Cerveza. 2ou le gusta m5. Ver |a televisin o leer? Me gusta ms leer.

Which do you prefer, watching television or reading?

I prefer reading.

aou |e gUstan ms. Ias rubias o

las morenasT Me gustan ms |as rubias.

Which do you prefer, blondes or

brunettes?
I prefer blondes.

(f) Saying uhot others like or dislihe - gratTlttlar ref (i) Talking to a friend
ZTe gusta el cineT ZTe gustan |as nove|as romnticas? ZTe gusta fumar?

14

Do you like the cinema? Do you like romantic novels? Do you like smoking?

(ii) Talking to others

Le gusta el teatro

You like the theatre.

tLE GUSTA? | 47

Le gustan los guisantes.

I

a nt rct) hpl-rpr
.

Le gusta jugar al golf Le gustalugar al tenis. occurs) a short phrase is added:

You iike peas. You like drinking. He likes playing golf.

[Link] playing tennis.

The pronoun'le'has now been used to mean'you', 'he'and'she'. If any doubt

Le gusta a usted el teatro. Le gusta a | )ugar a| golf Le gusta a ella;ugar al tenis
.

You like the theatre. He likes playing golf.

She likes playing tennrs.

If the person is named, the sentence is as follows:

Le gusta a Pab|o e| coac

Paul likes brandy

The word order of these sentences is very flexible and all the following are quite
cofrect:
I

e nttsta

.a

A Pab|o le gusta el coac'

E|

P,ah|n e| coac.

Paul likes brandy.

coac

|e

gusta a Pab|o.

If the plural form is required, the pronoun used is 'les':

Les gusta la ciudad. Les gustan los broches

They like the city.

You like the brooches

14

(g) Saying that you like sortething oery rutuch - grs?vt??Lar ref
The verb 'gustar' is simply replaced by the verb 'encantar': Me encanta su vestido. Me encantan sus pendientes Me encanta bailar.
I like your dress very much. I like your earrings very much. I like dancing very much.
as with 'gustar'.

All other persons follow exactly the same pattern

ref 14

(h) Sayins that you ztsould lihe to do sontething - grq?ntns?'

Me gUstara visitar e| museo. .Le gustara bai|ar?

.gUstara' to expreSS .woul<l like': The verb .9Ustar' is used in the form

$ould you like to dance?

I'd like to visit the museum.

(i) Making lists

\When you list things, you miss out the definite article:

Hay batidos, Cerveza, Caf' Broches, collares. pendientes

There are milk-shakes, beer, coffee.

Brooches, necklaces, earrlngs . .
.

I48

MASTERING SPIA'ISI-I

Q) Pointing things out - gra?tl??tar ref 2(o)

You have seen that 'este' is used to express 'this':
Esta carta es para

usted.

This letter is for you.

That (near to
the person spoken to)

Spanish has two other adjectives used to point things out: Ese broche es muy bonito. Esa casa es muy antigua. Esos collares son de oro. Esas faldas son de lana.

Ese

That brooch is very ntce. That house is very old. Those necklaces are made of gold. Those skirts are made of wool.
T'hat (oz:er there

Aquel Aquel hombre es mi marido Aquella muJer es mi abuela.

'fhat man (over there) is my

husband.
-*- - l*^11rarrurrrULr1Ll

- not near the speaker or the person spoken to)

That woman (over there) is my

^* '

Aquel|os chicos son simpticos. Those boys (over there) are nice' Aque||as seoritas son muy guapas' Those young ladies (over there) are
very pretty.

(k) Talhing tofriends, rneftibers

of

yourfarnily, etc.

Joan Robinson addresses her husband in the familiar form * the second person singular of the verb. This form always ends in '-s':

No comes mucho. 2Vives aqu en esta casa7 2ou quieres?

Fumas demasiado.

You smoke too much. You don't eat a lot. Do you live here in this house? !7hat do you want?

(i) Expressing other opinions - gra??x??tar ref

14

A number of other verbs are used in the same way as 'gustar' to express a whole range of opinions (some you have seen already in Chapters 7 and l0): Aburrir Me aburre el arte moderno. Me aburren los hombres tontos.
Interesar Me interesa |a msica c|sica' No me interesan las oe|cu|as de|

Modern art bores me. Stupid men bore me.

To interest

To bore

I'm interested in classical music. I'm not interested in Western films

oeste.

lLE GUSTA?

149

Ouedar Me queda una peseta. Me quedan doscientas pesetas.

Se dice que no est en To|edo.

7-o

haoe left

I've got one peseta left. I've got 200 pesetas left. It is said that he's not in Toledo.
To beliezte It is believed that he's in Madrid.
To scty

Decir

Creer Se cree que est en Madrid.

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p.

6.

Exercise t Finding out what things are made of

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; ask what things are
made of.

Usted:

(Ask uhat eaerything is n'tade of.) Emp|eado: Con oro y acero' seora' Es el arte tpico de Toledo y se llama arte damasquinado. ;Le gusta? Usted: (Say yes, you like it a lot. Ask uhat exactly is made here.) Emp|eado; Aqu se fabrica de todo, seora: broches, collares, pendientes,

espadas. .

( \

Exercise 2 Selecting a gift

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; choose some earrings.

Robert. Y unos pendientes para Dolores. Le gustan los pendientes

2verdad? Usted: (Say yes, you think so. Ask the assistant i;f she has earrings.) Dependienta; Claro que s, seora. E,stos son muy bonitos, ino? Usted: (Sayyes, they're quite nice, but you prefer those ouer there.) Dependienta: ;Estos. seora? Usted: (Sa1'.'yes. Don't you like them, darling?) Robert: S, me gustan mucho. 1Son caros? Dependienta; No, seor. S1o mil ochocientas pesetas.

a Dolores,

Usted:

(Say these, then.)

( \

Exercise 3 Getting a drinl<

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; ask for cold drinks and select a lemon juice.

I50

MASTERING [Link]

Robert: Un caf con leche para m. 4Qu quieres, cario? Usted: (Say 9ou would like to haae something cold. Ask the waiter what Camerero: Pues hay batidos, horchata, iimn natural, ceweza . . Usted: (Say a fresh lemon juice, please.)
.

he has.)

() \

Exercise

Saying what you like

Say whether you like the things offered, taking your cue from the faces. Examples: 2Le gusta el caf sotoz @S' me gUSIa. ZLe gustan las patatas fritas? I ruo, no me Oustan.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

2Le gusta e| caf con

@ @ 2Le gustan las patatas fritasT @ 2Le gusta e| coac? @ gustan los p|tanos? ) zLe 1Le gusta la paella? @
2Le gustan las chuletas de

iLe gusta elvino tintoT 2Le gusta la cerveza?

|eche7 @

iLe gusta el
ZLe gustan

pescado? las uvasT

cerdo? @

@ @

Now repeat the exercise, but this time give genuine answers.

Exercise 5 Saying what you lil(e doing

Say what you like doing in your spare time, taking your cue from the faces. Examples: 2Le gusta bailar? @lSi, me gusta bailar. ZLe gusta leer? @ No, no me gusta leer.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

2Le gusta arreglar el

2Le gusta Ver

trabqar? @ gusta comer bienT 2Le @ 2Le gusta ir de compras? 9

lLe gusta
4Le gusta estudiar eI
2Le

cocheT @ |a televisin? )

altenis? 2Le gusta beber vino? ale gusta escuchar discos? 2Le gusta dar un paseo?
gustaJugar

espaol7 @

e I

@ @
lLE GUSTA?

Now repeat the exercise, but this time give genuine answers.
1

51

C) \

Exercise

Thlking for others

Your companion does not speak Spanish. Explain his or her likes and dislikes, taking your cue from the faces. Examples: ZLe gusta el vino a su maridoZ @ wo, no le gusta el vino. ZLe gustan a su marido las uvasT @ Si, te gustan las uvas.

l 2Le gusta a su marido e| coac7 2 2Le gustan a su marido las rubias? 3 2Le gusta a su mujer el calor? 4 2Le gusta a su mujer e| caf solo7 5 2Le gustan a su muJer los museos? 6 2Le gusta a su hr.1o la Coca ColaT 7 2Le gustan a su hr..yo los churros? 8 2Le gusta a su amigo el sol? 9 2Le gustan a su amigo las vacacionesT l0 ile gusta a su padre el fro?

@ @
@)

@ @ @ @ @ @ @

Exercise 7 Saying how much you like things o doing things

Answer the following questions and use the cues as follows:

x XX
cocne.

,/,/ = likealot

= quite like = dislike = profoundlydislike

Example: 2Le gusta lavar el cocheT X

No, no me gusta nada lavar

el

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

2Le gusta escuchar discos? i'Le gusta Espa a? ,/ '/ 2Le gustan los churrosT
2Le 9u5ta bai|ar? / 2Le gusta trabaJarT

xx

ale gusta
2Le

gusta

2Le 9ustan los espao|es7

|a Cerveza espaola7 x x |a comida espao|a7 ulul

u/

u/

2Le gustan las chicas espaolas7 ulul

2Le gusta el tabaco espaol7

t-/ \

Exercise

Accepting an invitation willingly or rejecting it

Answer the following questions, taking your cue from the tick or the cross. Example: 2Le gustara 1ugar aI golft / S. me gustara mucho.

152 MASTERING SPINIS/1

l 2 3 4 5

1Le gustara tomar caf? i

2Le gustara ir de compras? 2Le gustara ir al cine? x

2Le gustara venir a mi casa? 2Le gustara ver |a te|evisin7

7

u/

Exercise

Flatter the speaker

Say how much you like things. Example: 2ou |e parece mi casa? Me encanta SU Casa

i 2Ou |e parece mi vestido7 2 2au |e parecen mis hijos7 3 2au le parece mi ciudad? 4 1ou |e parece mi mu.1er? 5 1ou |e parecen mis pendientes?

Exercise

Giving your oPinion of things

Give your opinion, taking your cue from the word in brackets. Example: 2ou |e parece esa mujer7 (Delightful) Me encanta esa muJer

1 2ou |e parece |a ciudad? (Boring) 2 2au le parecen esos hombres7 (Interesting) 3 1au le parece |a comida7 (Quite likeable) 4 1ou |e parecen |as revistas? (Boring) 5 zou |e parece e| programa7 (Interesting)

(-) exercise t I Saying how much money you have left \

1
)

Example: Usted tiene dos mil pesetas y compra un regalo que vale mil quinientas pesetas. ZCUnto le queda7 Me quedan quinientas pesetas. Usted tiene tres mil pesetas y compra un collar que vale mil pesetas 2Cunto |e queda7 | lctorl tipne rien . pesetas y compra una revista que vale sesenta pesetas. r le queda7 4Cunto Usted tiene diez mil pesetas y toma una comida que vale dos mil pesetas. 1Cunto |e queda? Usted tiene doscientas pesetas y Compra un peridico qUe vale veinte pesetas. 2Cunto |e queda7 Usted tiene quinientas pesetas y compra unos cigarrillos que valen ochenta peseias. 2Cunto |e queda?

3 4 5

lLE GUSTA?
I

1s3

I I

-V

2Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

cQu se fabrica ahi?

Look at the map of Spain on page 28 (Chapter 3). Listen to the tape and write down in Engiish where various products are made, crops are grown' etc. in Spain.

Listen again to the tape and write down what Ana and Paco like doing given certain weather conditions.

Mark the bllowing statements as .true', .false' or .do not know'

aQu te interesq?
(a) (b) (c) td) (e)

The man likes weight-lifting. He plays tennis occasionally. The woman loves to play tennis. Shc has won prizcs playing tennis. The man suggests that the woman teach him to play tennis. () The woman is fascinated by politics. (g) They agree to play tennis.

comprende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Otra carta de Lola

Read this letter from Lola, and answer the questions on the next page in English. (You may need to use your dictionarSr.)

154 MASTERING SPVISI1

Auerido anSo:

Madrid, rT

6"

Jspfiemb*'e\

, u'l" carla te vo,1 ocont.., cqles 5orr rnis posa{emps. Cuando |.1oce tven "-l'i.'1o qn e/ veftloo, me 1usiq sclir por a| con rnis omi9os, i. lce.l" o o, |o P|o,*.ormr eIso; baor'e en | Piscinq o en .' ^or. 6" e-1 invierno, coon<l-o

-i:Tt* 1+"e1 Hadr1c{. T:-3':l* rrochos *eq+ros Cmo 1o sobesY,ha1 ?(g|uQ/ \ m(Eho6 crnes *[Link] "^-lq copi{ol' " 4-"."e;a" }eo,"o- queda'rme en cqio .1 leer o'n 1;Aro [Link]. / q'.}"l nucho [o-s biog"t.o1..qs .Y leo muchos, sobre tdo [e.s bio1re6iq5 a3-1ente irtone en o" his*otio .te 3po6Y. ' o .u 1y.t"n ^nodo. losldeporfgs, ), Po.o ,n, e( -lenis, 1;+A'J? .1 a0 bolon.."to sor +nE ^,1 otutridas' "p' *,/.'.-", p,i,to,j cuto,ne lo 3*e -|[Link]* hocer en .f trs rd'ts l /.bres. U, [Link]=o, Ia losrda. \..
bqstqnte i... -}eotro o o| cinl

I 2
3

Write down the three things that Lola likes to do when the weather is ine. $hat is the weather iike in Madrid in winter?
\i7here does Lola go when the weather is cold? What does she do if she staYs at home? !hat type of reading does she particularly like? What leisure activity does she not like at al1?

4
5

6 1 8

whv?

!hat does

she want you to write to her about?

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

Qule gusta hocer?

Follow the lines and find out what each Derson likes to eat or do. Example: A Maria le gusta tomar el sol.

lLE GUSTA? l5s

uona

t<osa

Don Juan Carolina Mara Mateo

Paco

Mensaje secreto
Start with the letter set in bold and, moving from letter to letter in any direction. find rhe message.

A ET ELN SMA PEC AEN

ol

156 [Link].r1

zPor qu no vamos a| cine?

Pfanning social activities

Dialoques

Diatogue

In Madrid the Lpezes are planning their evening's activities.

Juan: 4Qu quieres hacer esta tarde? Mara: ;Por qu no vamos al cine? Juan: ;Qu ponen? Juan: Ah est,
Mara: No
en la mesa'

s. iDnde est el peridico?

Marta: 4En qu pgina est la gua de espectculos? Juan' No 1o s seguro. En la pgina diez u once. Mara: Ah, s. Aqu est. Vamos a ver) pues. En ei cine Rialto ponen
Rosselini...
espaola.

Ctno

elirttinar a su jefe, en el cine Infantas ponen Rotna, citt aperta de Roberto

Juan: ;Una pelcula italiana! Ya sabes que no me gustan ias pelculas italianas. Mara: IJn momento' En el cine Palace ponen Bodas de sangre) una pelcula Juan:
Estupendo. Vamos al cine Palace. iA qu hora empieza? Maria. La sesin de la tarde empieza a las siete, y la sesin de la noche a las once. .Qu hora es ahora? Juan: Son las seis 1, media, pero no importa. Cogemos un taxi y llegamos al cine en diez minutos. iVamosl

nnusrn z
The couple arrive at the cinema and go up to the ticket office

la taquilla

Juan:

Quiero dos butacas Por favor. Taqui||era; iPara la sesin de la tarde o de la noche? Juan: De 1a tarde. por favor. ;POR OUE NO VAMOS AL

CINE?

1s7

1 r:1ll

lttlirrliil
.11]'l !,

.iir*l

jl|'i!.::iIl1t

&w
s
&&& & &&&\Jw
,,,.-'.iu,i,i,-l
n***'o-u" .l
lf

%mweWffiffiffiffi

\mwffiffiWW kffie m*

$&rru

("'t'"
1

' ". ;i:'" ,**,.,,",'1.1,)jl;,:i:iiii;iiili:.':'"::.liiii:-tj.,t,,,,iji':ii'r-', ]] ],. l.]ji'; J;i;'T;;' : ll# :'":'', .:;l,;. ",:u'., *','' 1 :o. |.*ryiei.r]]''::::::.-,"-.i*.''''{!thiillll'].'..' rtld# kxil{* *x,*," "i*il.H ;![';','i"u*'u' **J,ffi * *''uia:
:l

f,;

*,,i" " .

X J{x1

"Jl',1

J,)',,

i;l l:-i : ]i}::,i{:;1t

l:"' :'

;** .**y**9

Juan:

Taqui||era' Aqu tiene usred. Dos butacas en la fila vcinic.

1Cunto valen?

I58 MASTERING SPIAIISH

En el cine Palace ponen Bodas de sangre

Taquillera: Mil doscientas pesetas. Juan. Aqu tiene. ;A qu hora termina la sesin? Taqui|era: A las diez y cuarto. setrr.

Juan:

Iaqui||era: A usted. s()r.

Gracias.

Dialogue 3
After leaving the cinema thc Lpezes decide what tcl do for the rest of the
evening.

Juan:

lVolvemos a casa a pie o cogemos un taxl/ Mara: ;Por qu no tomamos un aperitivo en aquel bar? Vamos; te invitcl. Juan: 1Qu amable! ;Por qu me invitas? Mara: Porque eres muy guapo y te quiero mucho. Juan. Muy bien. Y despus vamos a cenar en aque] restaurante gallego de ia calle de la Montera. lDe acuerdo? Mara: E,stoy perfectamente de acuerdo, pero primero, el aperitivo ...

Vocabulary
.por qU
la guta
e| espectcuIo

why?

e| peridico |a p9ina

newspaper
page

seguro/a/os/as eliminar

guide entertalnment sure, certain or (before a following 'o-' or 'ho-') to eliminate

1POR QUE

NO VAMOS AL CINE? lse

t=

elJefe italiano/a/os/as la boda ra san9re

|a sesin

boss

Italian wedding blood

importar no rmporta
el taxi la butaca
la fila

el pie

a pre el aperitivo
invitar

session, performance to matter it doesn't matter taxi stall (seat in cinema or theatre) row (in cinema or theatre) foot on foot, walking

aperitif

iqu + adjective! gallego/a/os/as guapo/a/os/as 2de acuerdoT estar de acuerdo perfectamente

;qu amab|e!

to invite how * adjective! how nice!

pretty, handsome OK?, do you agree? to agree, be in agreement perfectly

Galician, from Galicia

Explanations
(a) Entertainrtents
The .gua de espectcu|o5' (entertainments guide) in the local paper will tell you what is on in the town. The guide will normally be divided into various sections: 'cines' for cinemas, 'teatros' for theatres, 'discotecas' for discotheques, will either be .sesin continua', which means they have continuous showings, or indicate in their advertisement the times for the two sessions, the evening session - de la tarde - and the late-night session de la noche. In cinemas and
theatres it is normal to tip the usher or usherette who shows you to your seat.

'salas de fiestas' for dance-halls and 'clubs nocturnos' for nightclubs. Cinemas

tr\

(b)

Asking 'zrhy' and explaining 'becsuse'

You use two words which are remarkably similar in appearance' the difference being in the spelling and accentuation: ;Por qu? Porque 2Por qu fuma usted7 Porque me gusta.
Why do you smoke? Because I like it.
lVhy? Because

I60 MASTERING.SPINIS17

(c) Making a suggestionfor an actirsity

2Por qu no Vamos a| cine7 2Por qu no tomamos Un

$hy don't we go to the cinema? $7hy don't we have an aPeritif')

aoeritivo?

(d) AshinS zphat is on st the cinetnq or theatre

You simply use the phrase: 2ou ponen? 2ou ponen en 2ou ponen en
e| e|

cine Luna? teatro Martn?

what's on? What's on at the Luna Cinema? $7hat's on at the Martin

Theatre?

.s', and You use the verb 'saber', which has an irregular first person singular the pronoun 'lo': 2Cmo se ||ama7

(e) Saying you do not knous - grattlmar ref 7(ii)

No |o s.

\7hat's his name? I don't know.

a

.s' has Notice how the verb

'se'.

stress mark to distinguish it from the pronoun

(f) Saying

thq.t

sontething is not irnportant - grann??Lar ref 14

The bank is shut. It doesn't matter'

The verb 'importar' is used in the third person singular:

E| Eranco est

No

cerrado. importa.
of

(g) Expressing zpays

'en':

getting about

If the means of transport is mechanical, it is often preceded by the preposition

Voy en cocne. Vamos en autobs. Van en tren. Va en avin. Voy a pie. Vamos a caballo.

I'm going bY car. !e're going by bus. They're going bY train. He's going bY air. I'm going on foot.

If the means of transport is non-mechanical, the preposition 'a' is found: \7e're going by horse.

tPoR QU No VAMos

ALCINE?

161

You use .iou' + adjective!' and an exclamation mark opens and closes the
utterance:

(h) Expressing exclsntatory opinions

;Ou caro!

iou bonito!

1Ou amab|e es Usted!

How dear! How nice! How kind you are!

(i) Expressing agreentent

The short expression to indicate that you agree is 'de acuerdo':
Vamos al ctne. De acuerdo.

Let's go to the cinema.

oK.

To express more fully your agreement, you use 'estar de acuerdo

Juan es muy guapo, 1verdad? No estoy de acuerdo. Mara es muy guapa. 4Est usted de acuerdo7
I don't agree.

'

John's very handsome, isn't he?

Do you agree?

Mary's very pretty.

(j) Further uses of the z:erb 'poner' - grarrtrnar ref 7 (ii) The first person singular of 'poner' is irregular, and is 'pongo' I put:
Pongo la cartera en la mesa. Juan pone la radio en la mesa. Me pongo
John puts the radio on the table.
I out the brief-case on the table.

As a reflexive verb 'ponerse' can have three meanrngs:

I put on my jacket when it's cold.
|a

chaqueta cuando hace fro.

Me pongo rojo cuando hace mucho sol. I become red when it's very sunny. Me pongo a traba..lar a las nueve. I begin to work at 9 o'clock.

.ien qu' + noun * verb? To establish the precise location of something, use
1En qu pgina est? 2En qu habitacin est7 2En qu ca|le vive Usted?
\X/hich page is it on? \X/hich room is he in? Which street do you live in?

(k) Finding out precise details

162 MASTERING sPlN/s1

(l) Saying thqt sornething does not ntstter - gra?wnar ref

No me imDorta. No me importa el precio. No me importan los gastos. ZLe importa el retrasoT

14

'No importa' conveys the gencral idea of it doesn't matter" but the verb can be used in the same way as 'gustar', 'aburrlr', 'interesar', etc.' as seen in Chapter 11: The price doesn't matter to me. The expenses do not matter to me. Does the delay matter to you?
_ grat?l?vlar ref 6

It doesn't matter to me.

(rn)

The

forntqtion of adaerbs
+

Most adverbs are formed by adding '-mente' to the feminine form:

total - total

rpido_ rpida

mente = rpidamente + mente = totalmente

Usted traba.1 a muy rpidamente. You work very quickly. I am totally in agreement. Estoy totalmente de acuerdo.

Common irresular adverbs are as follows:

Deprisa

Vamos deprisa. Despacio Hable despacio, por favor.

Bien

Quickly Let's go quickly.

Slowly Speak slowly, please.

Usted hab|a bien e| espao|.

You speak Spanish well.

Badly
I play golf very badly.

Well

Juego muy mal al golf

Mal

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p. 319

O \

L4_l

Exercise

Planning an outing

Play the part of Mara in the following dialogue; express a wish to go to the cinema, then find the newspaper and the entertainments guide.

Juan: ;Qu quieres hacer esta tarde? Usted; (Ask uhy you don't go to the cinema.) Juan: ;Qu ponen? Usted: (Say you don't know. Ask where the newspaper

is.)

1POR QUE NO VAMOS

AL CINE?

163

Juan: Ah est, en la mesa. Usted: (Ask on which page is the Entertainments Guide.) Juan; No 1o s Seguro. E.n la pgina diez u once. Usted: (Say ah, yes, here it is.)

: ) \

Exercise

Making suggestions

Suggest you visit various places.

Example: 2Por qu no Vamos a |a costa?

Play the part of Juan in the following dialogue; obtain two seats in the stalls for
the evening performance.

Exercise

3 obtaining

tickets o seats

Taqui|lera: Buenas tardes. iQu desea?

Taqui||era: ;Para la sesin de la tarde o de la noche?

Usted: Usted:

(Say good eaening. Ask for two seats.)

Taqui|lera' Aqu tiene usted. Dos butacas en la fila veinte.

(Say the etening performance"please.)

164 MASTERING sPlN1s1

(Ask how muclt theg cost.) Taquillera. Mil doscientas pesetas.

Usted:

Now repeat the exercise, but obtain four seats for the late-night performance.

t, \

Exercise

Inviting someone to have a drink

Play the part of Mara in the following dialogue; invite your companion to have a drink in a nearby bar.

Usted: (Ask why 9ou don't haz;e an aperitif in that bar.) Juan; 1Qu amable! ;Por qu me invitas? Usted: (Say because he is very handsome and you loae him aery much.) Juan: Muy bien.

Exercise 5 Explaining vlhy you ae not doing something and that you prefer something else .D
Example: 2Por qu no toma usted Un care soroz gusta ms |a u}

cerveza.

\({

Porque me

| 2 3
4 5

2Por qu no toma usted Una torti||a? 2Por qu no..1uega usted a| golf? 2Por qu no Va Usted a| teatro? 2Por qu no da usted un paseo?
2Por qu no ViVe Usted en la

-.\ .r:\=-S ciudad7 5 -\

---

Exercise Saying that you do not know and that you companion does not know either
Example: 2Sabe usted el nmero de telfono? No' no |o s. 1Y su maridoT No, no lo sabe.

1 2 3 4 5

2Sabe 1Sabe 1Sabe 2Sabe 2Sabe

usted la hora? 2Y su amiga? usted |a direccin? iY su mu.1er? usted cmo se l|ama7 2Y sus ht.;os7 Usted en qu ca|le vive? 1Y sus amigos7
Usted dnde est e| hote|? 2Y su
ht..1a7

1POR QUE

NO VAMOS AL CINE? 16s

Exercise

Saying how you intend to get there

Example: 2Cmo va usted a| cine7 Voy en taxi.

l 2 3 4 5

1Cmo Va Usted a Sevil|a7

1Cmo va usted a |a costa7

|Cmo Van Ustedes al Centro?

2Cmo va usted a Madrid?

2Cmo Van Ustedes al teatro?

Exercise

Do you agree or don't you?

|a

Example: Madrid es acueroo.

capital de Espaa. 2Est usted de acuerdo? S' estoy de

1 2 3 4 5

Londres es |a capital de |nglaterra' 4Est usted de acuerdo? Veinte y treinta son sesenta. 2Est Usted de acuerdo? Hace mucho so| en Espaa. 7'Est usted de acuerdo? L|ueve bastante en lng|aterra' 2Est usted de acuerdo7 Madrid est en |a costa. iEst usted de acuerdo?

tJ \

Exercise

Describing things in an exclamatory way

[Link]: Este seor es muy amable. 1ou amab|e es este seor|

1 2 3 4 5

La fiabitacin es muy grande' Este bolso es muy bonito. Este vestido es muy barato. Este coac es mUV fuerte'

Esta seorita e5 muy guapa'

'A E,xample: 2A qu hora se pone usted a traba1ar? (..J ]) Me pongo a traba-1ar \/ a las nueve. .,5, su maridot Se pone a trabaJar a las diez. 2Y Q!)
166 MASTERING SPINIS1

to do things

Exercise t o Saying when you and you companion begin

zA qu hora se pone usted a trabajar?

2Y su mu1er7

tA qu hora se pone usted a estudiarT

aY su hijoT

zA qu hora se pone usted a preparar la cenaT

2Y su amiga?

tA qu hora se pone usted

2Y su mujerT

jugar al golf?

@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
2 4 B

Exercise e) Example:I t

Finding out exactly where things are

Calle,/museo. 2En qu ca|le est el museo7

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

Piso/oficina.

Pueblo/castillo. Andn/tren. Direccin/playa. Callelpiscina. Ciudad/camping Parte/teatro. Plaza/supermercado. Calle/taller. Pueblo/hospital.

f) er"..ise 12 \
I 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 l0
The The The The The The The The

Expressing a lack of concern

Example: The price. No me importa el precio.

The time. The weather.

journey. cold.
delay. heat.

work. colour.
fog.

programme. aPOR QUE NO VAMOS AL

CINE?

167

) Exercise t 3

Saying how you do things

Answer the following questions, giving genuine answers. [Link] mucho. Example: 2Trabala usted mucho o pocoT Traba.;o poco.

1 2 3 4 5

[Link] Usted rpidamente o |entamente7

i-Duerme usted bien o mal? 2Hab|a usted el espaol fcilmente o difci|mente7 2luega usted al tenis blen o mal? 2Desayuna usted deprisa o despacioT

.comprende usted e| espaol hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

1Ests libre?
whether thev accept or not.

Listen to the tapes, write down what the speakers are being invited to do and

1Estars libre [Link] por la tarde?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. (You will need the word

'Cartel' EntertainmentsGuide).

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S7hat are the speakers discussing? What does the man suggest? Why does this not appeal to the woman? What is the 'splendid'film called? How does the woman react to this? Why does the man recommend it? !7hen do they agtee to meet? $here do they agree to meet? Select the street name from the three given: (a) La Calle de Alca| (b) La Ca|le de Atocha (c) La Calle de Goya

lB

MASTERING SPANISH

comprende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Tiernpo libre

RtsIAuRAtI V|vERos PRoP|os FACIL APARCAMIETTO MEJOB PUERTO DE MAR

JOSE ORTEGA Y GASSET, 75
(aotes Lista)

tARFq'ERlA
EL

Nucstrol

5:n]
Glrt

mllcot

EN LA cAP|TAL DE ESPAA

Alcanr.r..33'36 som...QU.M . or.e.

E,ouffi*
LA LlMA

MADR|'6

EL SAtsOR DEL PERU EN SU MESA san LPon4|do' 3 (De||as [Link] EsDad'J ref.: 242 A8 89 Madrid I

Gasa Dcpe Fundada en 1926

paseo de La Habana,

Pan de

33

lor3.4s7 so 32

2S9 66 36

Cocotte: Carne horneada al laurel Napo|en: Pescado a| vino y roqueort Croquetas de Manzana
Conde de Aranda, |

Msica de Vivaldi Carne

|

Tarta de Chicls

Tel. 276 06

4l

coc|NA CATA|NA
TELET. 2S0 or

QIIA!EIOCENEO
coc|rA nEG|otAL rTAlAilA
T.l 2!!anO
lXA.

uErscr, [Link].4{BB07 f7
',l

CEXIiAL lltt

tl (r+ r

Av.

dJ [Link]

COCINA CASTELLANA
COBDERO Y COCHINILLO ASADO A LA USANZA SEGOVIANA
- Especaldad''

F-.f; 8re-*1,:${.#'.'ffJ

(entre Blasco de Gatay v Gu2mn e| Buno} Telorcs 243 1a 25 v 243 30 43

JoaquIn Marie Lpgz' 30

Look at these advertisements for restaurants in Soain and decide which one
you would visit if: I you wanted to try Catalan cooking? 2 you fancied an Italian meal? 3 you wished to eat seafood but needed to park your car easily? 4 you wanted to try French cooking? 5 you wished to eat home cooking? 6 you decided to try Peruvian cuisine? 7 you wished to eat food typical of Madrid? 8 you wanted to eat roast lamb in the Segovian style?
1POR QUE NO VAMOS

ALCINE?

169

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

eQu significa? Match up the sentence with the meaning beiow, writing down the number of
the sentence and the letter of the meaning.

l aou quieres hacer maana7 2 tA qu hora empieza? 3 2Por qu no Cogemos un taxi7 4 No |o s seguro. 5 No importa. 6 1Por qu no Vamos a |a p|aya? 7 Estoy de acuerdo. 8 1ou amab|e! 9 Te quiero mucho. t0 2,A qu hora termina7 (a) \7hy don't we go to the beach? (b) It doesn't matter. (c) At what time does it end? (d) How nicel (e) At what time does it start? (0 \What do you want to do tomorrow? (g) I love you a lot. (h) Why don't we take a taxi? (i) I don't know for sure. 0) I agree.

I7O MASTERING SPINISH

2Cunto vale?
Obtaining goods and services in a
strange town

Correos de Madnd

Dialogues

Diatosue I In Toledo Mr and Mrs Robinson wish to buy postcards for their friends England and go to the newspaper kiosk - el quiosco. Joan: Buenos das. ;Tiene usted tarjetas postales de Toledo? Vendedor; S, ah estn, seora, al lado de las revistas. Joan: ;Cunto valen?
;CUANT) VALE?

in

171

pesetas y las pequeas treinta pesetas' seora. Joan: Estas seis, por favor. -fengo cuatro grandes y dos pequeas. Vendedor: Son doscientas cuarenta pestas. seora. Joan: Aqu tiene usted trescientas pesetas. Vendedor: Sesenta pesetas de vuelta. Joan: iTiene usted peridicos ingleses?

Vendedor: Las grandes valen cuarenta y cinco

Vendedor: No, seora. La prensa extranjera llega a las cuatro de la

Slo tengo e\ Tintes, pero
eS de ayer.

tarde.

Joan: No,

gracias. lTiene sellos para las tarjetas? Se compran en Correos. Joan: 2En qu calle est Correos? Vendedor: Est en esta misma calle. Siga usted todo derecho unos doscientos metros y Correos est a la dcrecha.

Vendedor: No, seora. Los sellos

)oan:

Vendedor: Adis'seora.

Gracias' Adis.

Dialogue 2 The Robinsons go into the Post Office la Oficina de Correos - and Mr Robinson approaches the counter. Robert: Buenos das. iCunto vale mandar una tarjeta postal a Inglaterra?
Dependienta: Vale cuarenta v cinco pesetas. Robert: 4Y una carta? Dependienta: Una carta vale 1o mismo, cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Robert; Bueno. Dme seis sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Dependienta: Aqu tiene usted. Son doscientas setenta pcsetas. Robert: Gracias' 4Dnde est el buzn, por favor?

|7

2'vlsTER1NG SPIATSH

Dependienta: Ah est, seor, en el rincn. Robert: Gracias.

Diatogue 3
The Robinsons wish to have a picnic lunch and decide to buy ham, cheese, bread, butter and wine. Thcy find an indoor market and go to the pork butcher's la charcuteria.

Joan:

Pngame un cuarto de ki1o de jamn. Vendedor: {amn serrano o jamn de York? Joan: Jamn de York.

Vendedor: Buenos das, seora. cQu desea?

Joan:

Vendedor: Aqu tiene'

Joan: lTiene Joan: lTiene

S, un cuarto de kilo de ese queso manchego. Vendedor: Muy bien. ;Eso es todo?

1A1go ms?

un paquete de cien gramos? Vendedor: S, seora. ;A1go ms? Joan: No, gracias. ;Cunto es todo? Vendedor: E'l jamn, trescientas pesetas' el queso, cuatrocientas pesetas mantequilla, cien pesetas. Son ochocientas pesetas en tota1. Joan: Aqu tiene usted. Adis. Vendedor; Adis' seora, y muchas gracias.

Vendedor: S, seora. ;Cunta quiere?

mantequilla?

1'

la

Vocabulary
el quiosco la taryeta postal la revista newspaper kiosk postcard magazlne five-peseta coin
press

ayer

el duro la prensa extranlero,/a /os/as

comprar mandar

Correos mismo/a/os/as dar

foreign yesterday to buy

same

Post Office

oeme

to send (ofthings), order to give give me

e| buzn e| rincn

post-box

un cuarto de kilo e| .1amn serrano e|.1amn de York

;

pcn

p<

tnrn7

corner a quarter of a kilo smoked, cured ham York ham is that all?

1CUANTO

VALE?

173

-tla mantequilla
|tA

| n'a|

e gramo

butter packet gram

Explanations
(a) Quantities in shops
Spain uses the metric system of measurement and therefore quantities in shops and elsewhere are expressed in 'kilos' for weight and 'litros' for liquid measure:
Pngame un ki|o de

manzanas.

Give me a kilo of apples (about

I want half a kilo of hake (about 1. I rb). Give me a quarter of a kilo of

Ouiero medio kilo de merluza.

Deme un cuarto de kilo de
queso.

2.21b).

Ouiero cien gramos de mantequilla. Pngame veinte Iitros de gasolina.

Other quantities found are as follows:
2Tiene un paquete de t7 Ouiero una lata de guisantes. 2Tiene una caJa de

cheese.
I want 100 grams of butter.

Give me 20 litres of petrol

(4.4 gallons).

Deme un tubo de

Deme una

crema. cerillas? barra de pan.

Have you a packet of tea? I want a tin of peas. Give me a tube of cream. Have you a box of matches Give me a loaf of bread.

(b) Referring briefly to things

It is possible to refer briefly to things by simply leaving out the noun:

Full uersion 2La casa grande o

|a casa

pequea7 The big house or the small house? The big one or the small one?

Bief

aersion 1La grande o |a

pequea?

Naturally, the definite article and the adjective continue to agree with the noun
left out:

2ou libro quiere' e| azu'| o el verde7 Which book do you want, the blue one or the green one? 2ou zapatos son de usted, los negros o los marrones? Which shoes are vours. the black ones or the brown ones?

174 MASTERING sPlN1s1

(c) Saying that you areforeigt or a stranger

'Extranjero' is used to describe things or people from another country:
La prensa extranJera llega a cuatro. Soy [Link] (extranJera ).

las

The foreign press arrives at 4 o'clock. ['m a foreigner.

7

(d) Finding out ushere you buy things - grarrl?nar ref

nouns:

(iii)

The verb 'comprar' (to buy) is used in the form 'se compra' with singular
2Dnde se compra e| pan7

Where is bread bought? (Where does one buy bread?)

For plural nouns the form becomes 'se compran':

2Dnde se Compran los sel|os7 Where are Stamps bought? (\here does one buy stamps?)

(e) FindinS out hous rnuch it costs to do sornething

.1Cunto Va|e7', and this form is The basic phrase for establishing a price is used to find out the cost of doing something: Zcunto Va|e mandar una carta a Inglaterra? How much does it cost to send a letter to England? 2Cunto Va|e entrar7 How much does it cost to so in?

(f) Basic orders for shopping - grstntnar ref

as follows:

11

Four basic orders are used in shopping and ordering food and drink. They are Deme Deme Un paquete de azcar. Trigame Trigame Un t Con |imon.
Pngame Giae me

Give me a packet of sugar.

Bring me Bring me a tea with lemon. Giae me Give me a kilo of grapes.

Pngame un kilo de uvas.

This form is used of things which have to be measured and means literally 'put me' that is, 'put on to the scales and weigh for me'. It is also used for liquids
such as petrol:

Pngame veinte Iitros

Give me 20 litres. (Put 20 litres into

the tank.)

pUNT) VALE?

175

-r
And for ordering drinks in a bar:
Pngame tres Cervezas'

Give me three beers. (Put them on to

the bar.) Tell me

Dgame Dgame, 2cunto es todo? Dgame, 2a qu hora sa|e e| tren?

Tell me, how much is it all? Tell me, what time does the train
leave?

(g) Finding out exactly u;here things are

The form to use is .4En qu' + noun * verb?:
2En qu ca||e est Correos7 2En qu casa vive? In which Street iS the Post office? In which house does he live?

(h) Otherfortns in ushich the noun is ornitted

(i)

El libro de Juan es interesante. El de Juan es interesante.

Mi mu-1er y la [Link] de Pablo. Mi mujer y la de Pablo.

Los peridicos ingleses y |os peridicos espaoIes. Los peridicos ingleses y los espaoles.
Las chicas de Madrid y las chicas de Sevilla. Las chicas de Madrid y las de Sevilla.

John's book is interesting. John's is interesting. My wife and Paul's wife. My wife and Paul's. The English papers and the Spanish
papers.

The English papers and the Spanish

ones.

The girls from Madrid and the girls from Seville. The girls from Madrid and those from Seville. The boy who is there. The one who is there.

(ii)

E| EI

chico que est ah. que est ah.

La tienda que est en |a plaza. The shop that's in the Square. The one that's in the square. La que est en |a p|aza. Los hombres que veo Los oue veo a||'

a||.

The men that I see over there. Those that I see over there. The giris that I like. Those that I like.

Las chicas que me gustan Las que me gustan.

(i) Indicating zahich one you are referring to - gra?rr?rrctr ref 2(r:)
You can refer to things without using the noun: 2Ou bo|so quiere usted, ste o se? Ese por favor. \7hich handbag do you want, this one or that one? That one, please.

176 MASTERING SPINISH

2En qu casa vive' en sta o en aqu||a7

.aqu|' to things distant from both the speaker and the person addressed, and addressed 'that over there'. These forms are distinguished from the ones used with nouns by having a stress mark on them,

.ste'refers to things near the speaker, .se' to things near the person

Which house does he live in. this one or that one over there?

(j) Ashing for other seroices in s Post Office

2Cunto Va|e mandar un te|egrama a Londres? How much is it to send a telegram to London? Zcunto vale |lamar por te|fono a Paris? How much is it to telephone Paris? 2Cunto va|e poner un t|ex a Nueva York? How much is it to telex New York?

(h) Expressing hoas rnuch you require

The interrogative ..Cunto7' agrees with the noun:
2Tiene merluza? S' 2Cunta quiere? Do you have hake? Yes. How much do you want? 2Tiene se|los? S. 2Cuntos quiere? Do you have stamps? Yes. How many do you want?

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p. 321.

t -) Exercise I Obtaining postcards \

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; find out if the shop has postcards, establish the price and select six, four large and two small ones.

Usted: (Say goocl monting. Ask the sttlesntan d he has posrcards of 7-oletlo.) Vendedor: S, ah estn' seora, al lado de las revistas. Usted: (Ask hou much the.y cost.) Vendedor: Las grandes valen cuarenta y cinco pesetas y las pequeas trelnta Usted:
peSetas' seora.
(Sa1t these six please. Say you haae four large ones and tuo small ones.)

1CUANTO

VALE?

177

-=

(-) \

Exercise

2 Asking

about newsPaPers and stamPs

Play the part of Joan Robinson; ask about English papers and stamps.

Usted: (Ask the salesman if he has English newspapers.) Vendedor; No, seora. La prensa extranjera llega a las cuatro de la
Vendedor: No,
Slo tengo e| Times, pero eS de ayer. Usted: (Sajt no thank gou. Ask if he has stamps for
the postcards.)

tarde.

seora. Los sellos Se compran en Correos.

Exercise
Usted:

3 Asking

Pices and obtaining stamPs

Play the part of Robert Robinson; ind out the cost of sending postcards and ietters to England and ask for six 45-peseta stamps.
(Say good moruing. Ask how much it costs to send a postcard to England.) Dependienta: Vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Usted: (Ask how much for a letter.) Dependienta: Una carta vale lo mismo, cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Usted: (Say good. Askfor six 45-peseta stamps.)

Exercise 4 Buying food for a Picnic

Play the part of Joan Robinson; buy a quarter of a kilo of York ham, a similar amount of Manchego cheese and 100 grams of butter.

Vendedor: Buenos das, seora. aQu desea? Usted: (Ask for a quarter o;f a kilo of ham.) Vendedor: jamn Serrano o jamn de York? Usted: (Say York harn.) Vendedor: Aqu tiene. 1Algo ms? Usted: (Say yes. A quarter of a kilo o;f that Manchegan Vendedor: Muy bien. lEso es todo? Vendedor: S, seora. ;Cunta quiere? Usted: (Ask if he has a packet of 100 grams.)

cheese.)

usted:

(Ask if he has butter.)

Exercise 5 Asking about reading matte

Find out if the salesman has the following reading matter. Example: English newspapers. 2Tiene usted peridicos ingIeses?

I 2 3 4 5

English novels. French newspapers. English books.

Italian newspapers. Spanish magazines.

t -, \

Exercise

Buying things

Use .pngame' to buy the following. E'xample: Quarter of a kilo of ham. Pngame Un Cuarto de ki|o de1amn.

I7B MASTERING SPINIS-I

I 2 3 4 5
L

Two kilos of apples. Half a kilo of cheese. One kilo of peaches. Quarter of a kilo of butter.
30 litres of petrol.

Exercise

Buying things

Use 'deme' to buy the following.

Example: Five 45-peseta stamps. Deme cinco sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas.

I A tin of peas. 2 A box of matches. 3 A loafofbread. 4 Six 30-peseta stamps. 5 The Times.

Exercise 8 Finding out whee to buy things

Asklvhere the following things may be bought. Example: Bread. 2Dnde Se compra e| pan7

i Miik. 2 Sugar. 3 Stamps. 4 English newspapers. 5 Postcards.

(.1 Exercise 9 Selecting something \

Example: 2Ou uvas quiere' las verdes o las negras7 (Black) Las negras, por
favor.

Select according to the cue in brackets.

1 2 3 4 5

2Ou peridico quiere, e| espao| o el ing|s7 (English) 1au vino quiere. el tinto o el b|anco7 (Red) 2au cigarrl||os quiere. |os ingleses o los espao|es? (Spanish) 2Ou Zapatos quiere' |os negros o los marrones? (Black) 2Ou habitacin quiere. |a grande o |a pequea? (Small)
I

t -l Exercise \

O Finding out how

much it costs to do something

Example: Go in. 2Cunto vale entrar?

1 2 3 4 5

Send a letter to Engiand. Send a postcard to the United States. Park. Play tennis. Go in the museum.

1CUANTO

VALE?

179

-.

Exercise 1 2 3 4

t Pointing
e|

out what something is like

E| de

Example: 2Cmo es

coche de Juan7 (Big)

Juan es grande.

2Cmo es |a mu.1er de Pab|o? (Pretty) 1Cmo son |os hijos de Juan? (Ta11) zDe qu co|or es e| bolso de Marta7 (Green) 2Cmo es la habitacin de Paco? (Small) t

Exercise 1 2 3 4 5
l

2 Pointing

out which one you want

E,xample: 2ou co||ar quiere, ste o se? (That one) se'por favor

2Ou pendientes quiere, stos o aqu||os? (Those over there). 2au re|o.1 qu|ere, se o aqu|7 (That one). 2au Chaqueta quiere' sta o sa? (This one)' 2au ca|cetines qu|ere, stos o sos? 1These). 2Ou camisas quiere' sas o aqu||as? (Those over there).

ComPrende usted e| esPaol hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

En el rnercado
each.
1

(1)

Listen to the tape and write down what the customer buys and how much of
En el puesto de charcuteria En el puesto de fruta

En el rnercado

(2)

Listen to the tape and select the correct shopping list from the three given. You will hear a new word .salchichn' Sausage. Don't be put off by the expression 'en lonchas'. It simply means 'in slices'.

Lista de cornpras
1/2 kilo 1/4 kilo

ham sausage l/2 kilo cheese Total lB0

4000
150

625
477 5

MSTERING sPlNIs1

Lista de cornpras
1/2 kilo 1/2 kilo

ham

Total
112

l/4 kilo

sausage

2500
500 250 2750
3

cheese

Lista de cornpras

Total

kilo sausage 1/4 kilo Manchego cheese 1/2 kilo York ham

2000 500 700

3200

4Comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Qureceta es? Read the following recipe for a typical Spanish dish taken from a genulne Spanish cookbook, and then decide which one it is from the selection given
below. (You may need to use your dictionary.)

Ingredientes

y cantidades
l t/a

Modo de hacerlo

o Patatas kilos o Huevos 6 o Sai o Aceite 1 decilitro . Cebolla

1

1. Se pelan las patatas, se lavan y se cortan muy finas. Se pica la cebolla muy fina tambin.
Sartn Se pone el aceite, y cuando est caliente se echa la cebolla. Se empieza a cocer y en seguida se echan las patatas, a las que se aade sal y Se tapan' movindolas de vez en cuando, hasta que estn tiernas'

2. En una

3. Se baten los huevos con un poco de sal y se hacen dos tortillas a buena lumbre, dndoles la vuelta en seguida para que se cuaien por un lado. Se sirven en una fuente grande, una al lado de otra

shich dish is it?

I 2 3

Onion soup?
Spanish omelette?

Scrambled eggs?

1CUANTO

VALE?

lB

(Puzzles)

iQu despistada!
Conchita has been shopping at the market and you can see what she bought in the picture. Compare her shopping list with the shopping and make a list of the things she forgot to buy.

ffi
Dot

Glo; Corr. ; ..) ra ,; ?astubs) Planzanqs )Qrot; ()vas.

vasos

Q,uuo

,. |-l,",o' 1

,periclico

r'?nodo;

; Vi,o

Coro

I82 MASTERING SPINIS1

EEn qu Puedo servi|e?

Finding out what is possibf e

'Wi.a::r:r::rr.

$ff*o$Kffi' *"".* *q#trtrr6lm".

Dialogues

Dialogue 1 The Robinsons decide to leave Toledo and visit the famous windmills at Campo de Criptana, about 70 kilometrcs to the south-west. To do this they have to hire a car, and Mr Robinson gocs to the reception desk in the hotel to
enquire how to do this.

Recepcionista: Buenos das, scor Robinson. ;En qu puedo serivirle? Robert: iEs posible alquilar un coche en Toledo?

;EN OUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? i83

--

Los molinos de Campo de Criptana

Recepcionista:

Robert: iEst

Nacional, en la calle de Alfonso XII.

lejos?

S' seor. Puede usted alquilar un coche en la

Agencia

Recepcionista: No, seor' [Link] muil cerca; a unos quinientos metros del hotel. Robert: Gracias.

Dialogue 2
The Robinsons make their
r,vay

to the car-hire agencv.

Robert: Buenos das. Aqu puedo alquilar un coche, 2verdad? Empleado; Eso es. ;Para cuntos das? Robert: Slo para hoy' Quicro visitar 1os molinos de Campo de Criptana. Empleado: Mu1, bien, scor. iPara cuntas personas? Robert: Para dos; mi mujer -v yo. 1Tiene un coche econmico? Empleado: S, scor. E'l Renault 5 es muy bueno y muy econmico. S1o vale cuatro mil seiscicntas pesetas por da, ms treinta 1, cinco pcsetas por Robert; Muy bien. Un Renault 5' por favor. 4Puedo conducir en Espaa con
Emp|eado: Creo que s. iTiene tambin el carnet de conducir internaciona1? Robert: S' Emp|eado: Entonces puede usted conducir en Espaa, seor. ;Quiere sen_
un carnet de conducir ingls?
ki1metro.

Robert: Gracias.
1

tarse? Su coche va a estar listo dentro de diez minutos.

84 lvlsr'RING

SPl'\r1SH

Diatogue 3
The Robinsons arrive in Campo de Criptana and look for a place to park the car. Mrs Robinson approaches a policeman.

Joan: Joan:

Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. 4En

qu puedo ayudar1a?
est

Guardia: S, seora. Est prohibido aparcar en la p\aza, pero ei coche bien aqu. No se preocupe. Guardia: No' seora. Lo mejor andando. No est muv leios.
seora'

lSe puede aparcar el coche en esta calle? Gracias. ;Es posible ir en el coche hasta

1os

que puede hacer es dejar el coche aqu y subir

molinos?

Joan: Gracias. Guardia' De nada,

Diatosue 4
On the way back to Toledo, the Robinsons stop for petrol.

Emp|eado; Buenas tardes. 4Qu le pongo? Robert: Pngame veinte litros, por favor. Emp|eado: 4Sper, sin p1omo o corriente? Robert; Sper. Emp|eado: Ya est. 1A1go ms? Robert: No, gracias. iCunto es? Empleado: Dos mil pesetas. Robert: Aqu tiene. 4Qu hago para volver a Toledo? Emp|eado: Coja usted la carretera nmero cuatroclentos uno. Va directa-

Robert: [Link]. Emp|eado: Adis' y buen

mente a Toledo.

viaje.

Vocabulary
posible alquilar
el metro visitar el molino possible to hire, rent metre
to visit

econmico/a/os/as conducir el carnet de conducir dentro de

internaciona listo/a/os/as
l,/es

windmill economical
to drive ready

driving licence international within prohibited, forbidden to worry

prohibido/a /os/as

preocuparse

-,- ^--;, tEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? lBs

--t
lo mejor delar
the best to leave to walk up (go up walking) top grade (of petrol) unleaded (of petrol) normal grade (of petrol)

subir andando sper sin plomo

cornente coger
coJa

para para volver

ta carretera

in order to in order to return

to catch, take take (imperative) road

directamente

directly

Explanations
(a) Driaing
In Spain you drive on the right-hand side of the road. Main roads are called 'carreteras nacionales' and are numbered from one to six. They appear in red on road maps with the numbers Nl to NVl. Motorways are being built to cary the heaviest traffic and these are labelled 'A' on maps for 'autopista'. Distances are measured in kilometres and, since one kilometre is five-eighths of a mile, to convert from kilometres to miles you divide by eight and multiply by ive' Petrol is called 'gasolina' and the petrol station 'la gasolinera'. Both petrol and oil (el aceite) are sold by the litre and there are two basic grades of petrol, .sper', the top grade, and 'corriente' or 'normal', the lower grade. Unleaded (sin plomo) is also available. Petrol starions are not so common in Spain as in some other countries and you need to take care on long journeys that you do not run out ofpetrol.

(b) Finding out ushat is possible You use the phrase .2es posible' + the ininitive?:
2Es posible alquilar un cocheT 2Es posib|e comprar se||os aqu? Is it possible to hire a car? Is it possible to buy stamps here?

(c) Finding out if you can do sornething - gra?ntnar ref

poder pueoo pueoes puede usted puede
to be [Link], can

7 (ia)

The verb 'poder' (to be able, can) is irregular and singular forms are as follows:
I can

you can (famiiiar) he/she can you can (polite)

86

MASTERING S-PINISI1

ZPuedo entrarT No puedo venir hoy. Juan no puede conducir. Usted puede comprar pan aqu. iPuede usted decirme la hora?
or allowed: 2Se puede aparcar aqui?

Can I come in?

I cannot come today

John cannot drive.

You can buy bread here. Can you tell me the time?

You saw in Chapter 9 that 'se puede' is used to say that something is permitted
Is parking allowed here? (Can one

park here?)

(d) Expressing 'per'

or'a, an' in quantities - grantrnar

ref 3

You use the word 'por' to express the following ideas: Dos mi| pesetas por da. Cien pesetas por persona. Cuarenta pesetas por hora. (e)
2000 pesetas per day (a day). 100 pesetas per person. 40 pesetas an hour.

Saying that sontething or sonteone is ready - grq?7wnar ref 8

2Est |ista |a cena? 2Estn listos mis zapatos7 Mara no est |ista'
.tr5L<

The adiective'listo/a/oslas' is used with the verb 'estar':

Is dinner ready? Are my shoes ready? Mary isn't ready. Are you ready?

u5LcU ||)tU

(fl Indicating that sotnething is prohibited

The adiectives 'prohibido/a/os/as'is used by itself in notices and with the verb 'estar' in speech:
ProhiLrido baarse. Prohibida la entrada. Prohibido acampar.

iSe puede fumar en el No, est prohibido.

teatroT

No entry. No camping.

Swimming prohibitc.l.
Is smoking allowed in the theatre? No, it's forbidden.

(g) Expressing ushat is the best thing to do - graTTvnxar ref 2 (oii)

The form used is as follows:
Lo me..1or que puede hacer ... Lo me,1or que puede hacer es ir a Correos. Lo me..1or que puede hacer es

The best thing you can do ... The best thing you can do is go to the Post Office. The best thing you can do is
return to Madrid.

volver a Madria.

lEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE?

187

(h) Saying hoza you do sornething

The action is expressed by a verb and the manner by another verb in the '-ing
[orm:

Subo andando. Sale corriendo.

I walk up. (I go up walking.)

He runs out. (He goes out running.)

(i) Further uses of the irrtpersonalforrt 'se' - gratnnlar ref 7 You saw in Chapters 9 and I 1 some examples of this form:
Se dice oue no est en

(ii)

Casa.

It is said that he's not at home.

By adding the pronoun 'me', the form becomes personal:

Se me dice oue no est en

Casa. I'm told that he's not

at home.

(j) Expres sing po s sibility and irnpo s sibility

The two adjectives 'posible' and 'imposible' express these two ideas:
2Es posible hablar con el Is it possible to speak to the manager? It's impossible to park in the centre of Madrid.

director? Es imposible aparcar en el centro de Madrid.

(h) Quontity expressed by the definite article When in English the indefinite article 'a' or 'an' is used, Spanish prefers
deinite article:

the

Ochenta pesetas la botella. Cien pesetas el metro Cuarenta pesetas Ia pieza. Diez pesetas el paquete. (I)

80 pesetas a bottle. 100 pesetas a metre. 40 pesetas a piece. l0 pesetas a packet. 11

Buying petrol - grsrt?ttxar ref

L|neme el depsito' por

There are three ways of asking for petrol: Pngame treinta litros. Mil pesetas, por favor.

favor.

Fill the tank, please.

Give me 30 litres. 1000 pesetas'worth, please.

(rn) More negatioes - grattlft?ctr ref 4

In formal speech thanks are often answered with the phrase 'de nada'(not at ali) and the negative 'nada' is used to express 'nothing':
l

BB

MASTERING sPlN1s.1

2ou quiere Usted7

Nada.
It can be placed before the verb:

!hat do you want? Nothing.

Nada comprendo de este No quiero

libro.

I understand nothing in this book.

or after the verb with 'no'before the verb:

nada.

I want nothing. (I don't want any-

thing.)

Similarly, the negative 'nunca' (never) can be placed before or after the verb and used as a sinsle-word answer:

lFuma ustedT

Do you smoke?
Never. I never go to the cinema. I never go to the theatre.

Nunca. Nunca voy al cine. No voy nunca al teatro

(n) Nouns fortned frorn adjectitses - gra?tl??xar ref 2 (aii)

Many adjectives can be turned into nouns by placing 'lo' before the masculine
singular of the adjective: Lo me1or es ir a Correos. The best (thing) is to go to the Post Office. Lo difci| es |a gramtica. The difficult (part) is the grammar. Lo interesante es el baile. The interesting (part) is the dance.

(o) Further uses of 'dejar'

In Dialogue ), the policeman says:

Lo [Link] que puede hacer es de-1ar e| coche aqu. The best thing to do is to leave the car here.

But the verb 'dejar'is also used to express 'leave, let, allow, lend':
1D.1eme en paz!

Mi

mu,.1er

El ,1efe

coac' no me

no me

de.1a

beber

de.;a fumar.

Leave me in peace! My wife does not let me drink brandy. The boss does not allow me to

iMe puede dejar mil

pesetas?

Can you lend me 1000 pesetas?

smoke.

;EN OUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? 189

Exercises

The key to these exercises begins on p. 324.

Exerc ise

I Asking

what is possible

Find out if the following are possible. Example: Hire a car in Toledo. 2Es posible alquilar un coche en ToledoT

I 2 3 4 5

Try on the dress.

Buy cigarettes in the hotel. Have lunch at I o'clock. Change travelier's cheques in this bank.
See some leather handbaes.

t\

Exercise

2 Hiring

a car

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the foliowing diaiogue; find out whether or not you can hire a car, say it is for one day, for two people and you want an economical car.

Usted: (Say good morning. Ask iJ you can hire a car here.) Empleado: E'so es. 1Para cuntos das? Usted: (Say only for today. Say you want to tisit the windmills at Campo
Emp|eado; Muy bien, seor. iPara cuntas personas? Usted: (Say Jor two; your uife and you. Ask if he has an
Cnptana.)
economical car.)

de

(- Exercise 3 \

Part<ing the car

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; find out whether you can park in this street and whether you can take the car up to the windmills.

Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. iEn qu puedo ayudarla? Usted: (Ask if you can park in this street.) Guardia: S, seora. Est prohibido aparcar en la plaza, pero el coche est bien aqu' No se preocupe. Usted; (Say thank you. Ask if it is possible to go in the car as far as the windmilk.) Guardia' No. seora.

(,

Exercise

Buying Petol

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; buy 20 litres of top-grade petrol and find out the cost.

Empleado: Buenas tardes. 4Qu le pongo? Usted: (Ask or 20 litres, please') Emp|eado: Sper, sin plomo o normal?

190 MASTERING SPINIS/1

Usted:

Emp|eado: Ya est. ;A1go ms? Usted; (Sa1t no thank jou. Ask hou much it Empleado: Dos mil pesetas.

(Say, super.)

is.)

Exercise

Finding out if you can or cannot do something

Example: Come in 2Puedo entrarT

I 2 3 4 5

Smoke. Leave now.

Park here.

Talk to the boss.

\atch television.

Exercise

Understanding Prices and quantities

What is the employee saying to you?

l 2 l 4 5

Ctnco mil pesetas por da, seor. M|| quinientas pesetas por persona, seor. Veinte mi| pesetas Por semana, seor. Cien pesetas por media hora. seor. Ciento cincuenta pesetas por minUto, seor.

( ) exerclse 7 Finding out if something or someone is ready \

Example: Dinner. 2Est lista
|a cena?

I 2 3 4 5

Lunch. Car.
Shoes.

Breakfast.

Your wife.

Exercise I

Understanding notices

Explain to your companion, who does not speak Spanish, what the following notices mean.

I 2 3 4 5

Prohibido Prohibida Prohibido Prohibido Prohibido

fumar.
a entrada'

aparcar en la plaza. el paso.

baarse.

Exercise 9 Explaining what is allowed in England to a Spanish friend by answering his questions
Example: 2Se puede Comprar vino en |os cafs en |ng|aterra? No, no se oueoe.

lEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE?

191

.YI 2 3 4 5

E
I 2 3 1 5

5e puede aparcar en todas las calles en InglaterraT Se puede fumar en los autobuses en Inglaterra? Se puede comprar cigarrillos en la calle en lnglaterra? Se puede tomar cerveza en un pub en Inglaterra? Se puede Jugar al golf en lnglaterra?

Exercise

lO

Understanding prices and quantities

How much does the salesman want?

Veinticinco pesetas el litro. Vale seiscientas pesetas el metro. Vale cuarenta pesetas la pieza. El par vale diez mil pesetas. Son ochenta pesetas |a racin. I

Exercise

t Saying'nothing'

1 2 3 1 5

Exampie: 2ou hay en la habitacin7 No hay nada 2Ou quiere usted? 2au ve usted en la cal|e? 2ou toma usted? 2au estudia usted7 2ou hace Usted |os domingos?

t , Exercise t 2 \
I 2 3 4 5

Saying you never do something

Example: 1Va usted mucho al cineT No, no voy nunca al cine.

2Bebe usted mucho vino? 2Fuma usted? iDuerme usted en Ia oficina? 2Visita usted museos? i,Toma usted mucho el solT

( ) Exercise | 3 What \

ae you allowed to do?

(Mu_1er)

Example: iPuede usted fumar en la cama7 me deja fumar en la cama.

No, mi muJer no

I 2Puede usted dormir en la oficina? (Jefe) 2 lPuede usted estudiar en casaT (Hr.;os) 3 2Puede usted beber coac? [Doctor) 4 1Puede usted salir con rubiasT {Mu-1er) 5 aPuede usted ir al bar? (Marido)
192 MASTERING S'PVISI1

comprende usted e| espao| hab|ado?

E E

(Listening exercises)

Por las carreteras de Espaa

Listen to the tape and write down
Spanish towns.
as

numbers the distances siven between

lSe puede o no?

Listen to the tape and write down what is or is not allowed.

Quiero alquilar un coche

Listen to the tape and select the correct answer from the ones supplied.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The car-hire company is called: (a) Fast Cars (b) Reliable Cars (c) Madrid car-hire
The woman would like to hire a car for:

(a) l0 days (b)

(a)
.1

weeks (c) 3 days

In the woman's party there are:

people (b) 3 people (c)

5 people

The car-hire agency has: (a) Renault, Seat and Ford cars (b) Seat, Ford and BMW cars (c) Ford, Mercedes and Seat cars
The woman insists that the car be: (a) Fast (b) Comfortable (c) Spanish
She intends to go: (a) To the north of

Spain (b) To

the south of

Spain (c) To

France

The Mercedes costs per day:

(a) 5700 pesetas (b) 5900 pesetas (c) 5500 pesetas (a)

The car-hire agency is open until:

5.00 (b) 5.30 (c)

6.30

lEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? 193

2comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Por Ias carretergs de Espaa Look at these roadsigns seen in Spain, and

Ej

mean. (You may need to use your dictionary.)

write down what you think they

NO APARCAR AI/ISAMOS GRUA

ffiffiffiYffiXffi
PffiHffiffi&3*X&ffi

KM ffiI

pffiH*Tn

ffi$trmw&-ffiffi

ffiM MtKffiffi
8X63ffi9ffiffiffim

p&tr &tr

ffi-'Hoo ,o*ot.*EscARGA
.-jeBat2h.
F*ffiffiffi

pt$vlsl0llAl

I{
w w:"*qil*s., #
{#

194

MAST'ERING SPIA'1SIj

\ s*Krns.

evg$_..&
LA

MEJOI CIUDAD

pnl{lgtun Ln lJEtTn

tNLLES lEL Pl|EBLl

.' n&'

NilBULITTE POR LN5

j
t

': ..' .8

&

ffi&Lut

lgllsuufu0s llEuros pENsl0Nlili

DE

riffi

t0

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

tl
,battery' en espaol? 1Crno se dice Se dice ,lg batera,.
Look at the picture of the car below and try to match up the letter on the car to the Spanish words given in the list on the next page. (You may need to use your
dictionary.)

K\

t \_r

;EN QUE I'UEDO SERVIRI.E? 195

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tyre
\Xl'indscreen Bumper (fender)

Steering wheel

Boot (trunk)

(D (g) (h) (i) (t)

Exhaust pipe Bonnet (hood) Windscreen wiper Headlamp Headrest

Vocabulary as follows'
El tubo de escape

El limpiaparabrisas El reposacabezas
El volante
E|

El parabrisas

neumtico

El parachoques El maletero
E| cap

El faro

196 MASTERING SPINISH

2ou vas a hacer?

Making plans

":;W
o

uTu."

',

ffi**
'
! r$*

#\ ,..
I

'$ w.."
,

. i.

t#'.. '.:, :.'

.tp *'
I

El Rastro

Dialogues

Diatogue

The Robinsons are back in Madrid, and Joan Robinson is planning an outing with Mara Lpez. Now that they know each other fairly well, they have decided to use the familiar form of address.

Mara: 2Qu vas a hacer el domingo por la maana, Juana? Joan: Me gustara visitar el Rastro, ese mercado grande que hay aqu en
Madrid. iPuedes ir conmigo?
1QUE VAS A

HACER?

197

gusto. Suelo ir a misa a las ocho pero estoy libre a partir y media. ;Dnde nos vemos? de las nueve Joan: Delante de mi hotel a ias nueve y media. lTe parece bien? Mara: Me parece estupendo. Hasta el domingo entonces. Joan: Adis. Hasta el domingo.

Mara: S, con mucho

Dialogue 2
Robert Robinson rings Juan Lpez at his office.

Secretaria; Dgame. Robert: oiga' 4Est el seor Lpez? Secretaria: ;De parte de quin, por favor? Robert: Soy el seor Robinson. Secretaria: iAh, seor Robinson! S, el seor Lpez est. Un momento' por

Juan; Hola,

favor. Ahora le pongo.

Juan: S, creo Juan: Muy Juan:

Robert: A

Robert: Muy bien, gracias. Oye, Juan,

libre. ;Por qu?

Roberto. ;Qu tal lo pasaste en Toledo?

que s. Tengo que trabajar hasta la una' pero entonces estoy

de golP

.eStS libre maana por la tarde?

Robert: 4Por qu no jugamos un partido

Vale, hasta maana entonces. Robert: Adis, hasta maana.

las tres, si te va bien. Te espero delante de mi hotel, si quieres.

bien. ;A qu hora quedamos?

Dialogue 3
After the excursion of Joan and Mara to the Rastro, the Robinsons and the Lpezes meet up for lunchtime drinks.

Juan;

Robert: Pues yo tengo que volver a Inglaterra la semana que viene. Mara; Hay que visitar las ciudades del sur; Sevilla, Granada, Crdoba. Son
2verdad?

;Qu otras ciudades vais

a visitar?

Joan:

todas muy hermosas. S, me gustara mucho visitar Granada. Muchos turistas van a Granada,

Juan: S, sobre todo

grande.

en los meses de julio y agosto' pero no te preocupes, Juana, hay muchos hoteles muy buenos en Granada y es una ciudad muy
a contar todo antes de

Robert: Muy bien. Vamos a ir a Granada, entonces. Joan: Y luego vamos a volver a Madrid y os lo vamos

Mara: Un brindis por nuestros amigos

buen viaie a Granada.

volver a Inglaterra.

ingleses: salud, amor y pesetas ... y

I98 MASTERING SPINISH

Ministerio de Informacin y Turismo

VocabuJary
la maana gusrar me gustara el mercado

mornlng

to please, like

I'd like
market

conmigo con mucho gusto soler (ue) suelo ir

with me with great pleasure Mass

la misa ver adnde nos vemos?

to be accustomed to I'm accustomed to going, I usually go

estupendo/a/os/as decir (i) digame or oiga 2de parte de quin? poner

le pongo pasar 1|o pas ...7

to see where shall we meet? (where shall we see each other?) fine, great to say, tell hello (answering the phone) to hear hear, hello (when speaking on phone)

who's calling
ro pur

I'il put you through

to spend time, pass did you enjoy (spend your time) ...? 1QUE VAS A

HACER?

199

tener que

maana

tomorrow

tengo que trabaJar el partido La qU hora quedamos7

te va bien
ir

to have to

I have to work game, round (of golt) when shall we meet?

to go

la semana que viene

it suits you (it goes well with you)

to

nay que
el sur

next week it is necessary, you, one must, ought

sobre todo
..1ulio

el,/la turista

hermoso/a/os/as

a9osro
os

beautiful tourist above all July August you (familiar plural pronoun)

south

contar (uel antes de el brindis nuestro/a/os/as

et amor

to teil, relate before toast, drink to someone's health health love

our

la salud

Explanations
(a) Using the telephone
Using a private telephone in Spain is exactly the same as in any other country and you simply dial the number you require. Telephone kiosks in the street are marked .Te|fonos' and in some towns there are telephone centres which are similarly marked. Some kiosks are for local calls only and these are marked 'Conferencias urbanas': others, for iong-distance calls, are marked 'Conferencias interurbanas'; and those for all types of calls, including international ones, are marked 'Conferencias internacionales'. The dialling tone is a continuous buzz, he ringing tone is a single continuous note and the engaged tone is a single, repeated note. til7hen answering a phone, you normally say .Dgame' and the speaker will reply ,oiga, and may identifiz himself with the phrase .Soy yo, Paco Martnez', for example. If you have to identifu yourself the person answering wiil ask: .2De parte de quin7' and you answer this by saying 'De parte del' and your name.

td
(b) Expressing future intentions - grqttxT?xsr ref 9 You indicate your future plans by using the verb 'ir a' + infinitive. The parts of the verb included here are:

2oo MASTERING [Link]/s1

Voy a visitar Sevilla. Vas a comprar un sombrero Juan va a llegar a las tres. Usted va a salir maana. Vamos a visitar Granada. Vais a visitar Inglaterra.

I'm going to visit Seville. You're going to buy a hat. John's going to arrive at 3 o'clock. You're going to leave tomorrow. IJe're going to visit Granada. You're going to visit England.

(c) TalkinS to friends - gratwTtsr ref 7(i) The second person singular or plural of the verb is used to talk
iFumas mucho? Comes demasiado. 2A qu hora sa|es de casa7
The plural form always ends in '-is': Comis demasiado. 2A que hora sa|s de casa7
2Fumis mucho?

friends, members of your family and children. The singular form always ends in '-s': Do you smoke a lot? You eat too much.
$7hat time do you leave home?

to

Do you smoke a lot? You eat too much. What time do you leave home?

(d) SayinS u;hot you [Link] like to do - grarrtrnar ref 14 The verb .gustar' is used in the form .me gustara' - I would like to
please me):

(it would

2Ouiere usted visitar el 5, me gustara mucho Me gustara bailar.

museoT

Do you want to visit the museum? Yes, I'd like to. I'd like to dance.

(e) Asking sorneot e to sccorttpony you.

'Con' joins with 'mi'to form the word 'conmigo':
2Ouiere usted ir conmigo? Do you want to go with me?

(f) Saying

ushat

you usually do

You can express your habits by using 'por lo general':

Por lo general como a la

una.

Usually I have lunch at I o'clock.

A more elegant way is to use the verb 'soler', which changes to 'suelo', etc. in
the singular forms and is followed by the infinitive:

Suelo comer a Ia una. I usually have lunch at I o'clock. 1A qu hora suele l|egar el tren7 $7hat time does the train usually arrive?

.QUVAsAHACER?

2O1

-r
No sueles beber vino. Lverdad? You don't usuallv drink wine. do vou?

(g) Arranging to rneet

To establish the place use the phrase ,2Dnde nos Vemos7':
2Dnde nos Vemos7 Delante del hotel.
2,A qu hora quedamos? A las tres y media.

Where shall we meet? In front ofthe hotel.

To establish the time use the phrase ,2A qu hora quedamos?':

What time shall we meet?

At 3.30.

ref 14

(h) Expressing sn opinion about the arrange?nents - gra?rr??rar

a friend's opinion of the time and place you say'2Te parece bienT':

To ask

A las dos en el hotel.

;Te n:rprp c' - r'" hpn7

Me parece bien.

At 2 o'clock in the hotel. Do you agree?

I agree.

With strangers, the pronoun used is 'le': A las tres en mi oficina. 2Le parece bien? A las siete en el bar. iVale?
S, va|e.

At 3 o'clock in my office. Do you agree? At 7 o'clock in the bar. OI(? Yes, OI(.
a

You can ask and answer these questions with the verb 'valer':

(i) Asking if sorneone had

2Lo pasaste bien en ToledoT
5, |o pas muy bien.

good tinte - gram,nqr re 16(i)

Did you have a good time in Toledo? (Did you spend it (time) well in Toledo?)
Yes, I had a very good time.

The past tense of the verb 'pasar' (to spend) is used with the pronoun 'lo':

(j) SqyinS

ushot

you haoe to do - gratn??xar ref 15

You use the verb 'tener que' + infinitive:

Esta maana tengo que 2Tienes que ir a casaT

trabajar. This

Juan tiene que estudiar esta tarde. John has to study this evening. Usted tiene oue volver a las dos. You have to come back at 2 o'clock.

morning I have to work. Do you have to go home?

202

MASTERING.SPINISI1

(k) SayinS ushot it is necessary to do or ushat one ought to do gra??x?nar ref 10

You use the form 'hay que'+ infinitive:
Hay que conocer Sevilla. Hay que salir a las tres.

One ought to know Seville. It is necessary to leave at 3 o'clock.

(l) Months of
marzo abril

the
.1ulio

year
January

enero febrero
mayo

agosto
setiembre octuDre

February March
April

July August
September

-1unio

diciembre

noviembre

May

June

October November December

Months are written with a small initial letter. 'El primero' may be used
express 'the first', but all other dates are expressed with cardinal numbers: El primero de mayo voy a Pars. On the first of May I'm going to Paris.

(Note that 'on' is never translated in a date.)

El tres de abril voy a Roma. On the third of April I'm going to Rome.

(rn) Referring to next useeh, tnonth, year, etc.

The verbal phrase 'que viene' can be used to express 'next' in time (but not in
place): El lunes que viene voy a Madrid. Next Monday I'm going to Madrid. La semana oue viene Vamos a Pars. Next week we're going to Paris. E| verano que viene voy a Espaa. Next summer I'm going to Spain.

(n) Expressing 'before' in tirne

You use 'antes de' * infinitive: Ouiero ver Sevilla antes de volver a Inglaterra. I want to see Seville before returning to England.

;OUEVASA HACER? 203

(o) Our - grs??t?tlar ref 2(ia)

The possessive adjective 'nuestro' has four forms: Nuestro coche es amarillo. Nuestra habitacin es muy bonita. Nuestros amigos son muy simpticos' 2Dnde estn nuestras maletas?

Our car is yellow. Our room is very nice Our friends are very nice
Where are our suitcases?

(p) Talking obout the

future

You can use the future tense to talk about the future. This is formed from the infinitive with the following endings in the singular:
Llegare el lunes que viene. L|egars a |as dos Juan ||egar4 ms tarde' Usted l|egar a las cinco.
Salir Sa|dr a las Cuatro.

John will arrive later. You'll arrive at 5 o'clock.

You'll arrive at 2 o'clock.

I'11

arrive next Monday.

Some verbs are irregular, with a change in the stem:

l'll

leave at 4 o'clock.

Venir Vendr e| martes que viene. Poder No podr venir.

Saber Lo sabr maana.

I'll come next Tuesday.

I shan't be able to come.
I'11

know tomorrow. put the suitcase in the room.

Poner Pondr |a ma|eta en |a habitacin.

Tener

I'11

Tendr que trabajar maana. Decir Lo dir a Paco maana.

I shall have to work tomorrow.

I'11

tell Frank tomorrow.

Exercises
a
The key ro rhese exercises begins on p. 326.

204 MASTERING 5-PIN/SH

L_ Exercise I Making plans \

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; say you would like to visit the Rastro and arrange to meet in front of the hotel at 9.30.

Madrid. Do you uant to come with nte?) Mara: Con mucho gusto. .Dnde nos vemos? Usted: (Say in front of your hotel at 9.30. Ask if that is ail right.) Mara: Me parece estupendo.

Mara: 4Qu vas a hacer el domingo por la maana, Juana? Usted: (Say yot,t uould like to z;isit the Rastro, that big market

that there is here in

t-t \

Exercise

2 Arranging

to meet

free tomorrow afternoon and arrange to play golf at 3 o'clock.

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; find out if Juan is

Usted: (Say listen Juan, are you free tomorrou afternoon?) Juan: S, creo que s. ;Por qu? Usted: (Ask why you don,t pla1t a game o.f sol.) Juan: Muy bien. ;A qu hora quedamos? Usted: (Say at 3 prn if that's ctll right. Say you will wait for
hotel, if he wishes.)

him in .front

of

yottr

Exercise 3 Finding out what people intend to do

Ask your friend what he is going to do. Example: Friday morning. 2ou vas a hacer
e| Viernes

por la maana?

1 2 3 4 5

Saturday evening. Sunday morning. Thursday afternoon.

Next week. Next Monday afternoon.

L_/ Exercise 4 Saying what you would like to do \

Answer the following questions, taking your cue from the ticks and crosses, shown in the example. E'xample: .Le 9Ustara ViVir en Espaa? S, me gustara. 5, me gustara mucho' X No' no me gustara. XX No' no me gustara nada

as

1 2 3

2Le gustara visitar To|edo7

ale gustara Ver

2Le gustara ser dentista7

ul

|a te|evisin?

'

'

()UVAs A

HACER?

2o5

4 5

2Le gustara ir a| cine? x x iLe gustara escuchar un disco7

n,

t ) \

Exercise

Saying what you usually do

Example: Por lo general como en casa. Suelo comer en casa

I 3 4 5
f

Por Pnr Por Por Por

lo general ceno a las seis. |a nanara| ||fo a casa a |as diez. .''',.Y lo general no salgo por la tarde. |o generaI cojo e| autobs. lo general traba_yo mucho.

\ \

Exercise

Saying what you have to do

Explain that you cannot join in with the proposecl activity, giving as your reason
the cue in brackets. Example: 2Vamos al cineT (Work) No puedo porque tengo que traba..lar

1 2 3 4 5

lVamos al

2Vamos al cineT (Go back to the office) lVamos al teatroT (See your wife) iVamos a la discotecaT (Write a letter) 2Vamos de comprasT (Wait for your son)

I>ar? (Study)

u I Exercise \ 1 2 3 4 5

Saying what one ought to do

Example: Visit the cities of the south. Hay que visitar las ciudades del sur.

Visit Toledo. Buy bread. Go shopping. Get to know Madrid. Change some traveller's cheques.

Exercise
JUAN.

Dates from you diary

Example: 12 March

dinner with John. El doce de marzo voy a cenar con

I l4 February - visit Toledo. 2 l0 August - work at home. 3 25 March - disco with Mary. 4 I May - dinner with Martha. 5 ll October-buyacar.

Exercise

When are you going to do it?

Example: 2Cundo va usted a Visitar Francia? (Next year) Voy a visitar Francia e| ao oue viene'

206

MASTERING SPINIS'I

1 2 3 4 5

E
l 2 3 4 5

2Cundo 2Cundo 1Cundo 2Cundo 2Cundo

Va usted a comprar el cocheT (Next month) Va usted a visitar el museo? (Next $ednesday) Va usted a ver a don AlfonsoT (Next week)

va usted a terminar el traba,.1o7 (Next Friday) Va usted a ir de comprasT (Next Saturday)

Exercise

O Talking about the future

e|

E'xample: 2Cundo ||egar Usted a Madrid? (Next Friday) L|egar a Madrid viernes que viene.

2Ou da vendr usted a cenar Conmigo? (Next Thursday) 2Cundo visitar usted mi Casa en Granada? (Next summer) 2Cundo sabr usted e| precio? (Tomorrow afternoon) 2Cundo podr usted arreg|ar el coche7 (Next Tuesday) 2Cundo comprar usted el tocadiscos7 (Next Monday)

t ',) Exercise t I Talking about the future \

1 2 I 4 5

E'xample: Voy a char|ar con mis amigos. Charlar con mis amigos

Voy a aprender e| francs. Vas a ver la televisin. Juan va a ayudar a su muJer. Usted va a tomar el sol en la Playa. Voy a reservar una habitacin para quince dias.

2Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

tQu quieres hocer?

Listen to the tape and write down what the speakers are planning to do by answering the questions in English.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Which day of the week are they talking about? Are they making plans for the morning or the afternoon? !here do they arrange to go? What is that exactly? $hen is one ofthe speakers free? $7here and when will thev meet?

1QUE VAS A

HACER?

2o7

.TFF

E
I

iQu te gustara hacer?

shich day are the speakers talking about?
$7hat concerns the woman? What does she suggest because of this?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

2
3

b
7

Where might they go? What will the water be like? Select the word she uses from the following. (a) fra (cold) (b) fenomena| (terriic) (c) fresqusima (very fresh) Which famous Spanish monastery does the man suggest they visit? At what time do they agree to meet? W'here do they agree to meet?

2Comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Una carta de Lolo

Read Lola's letter and answer the questions in English.

uer

ido anilo:

fJ,adrid, tz cle Seylienbre

| Te ux,ib ho,a Parq cle..;,te lo 9ue me .:,usarahorcr en mi l [Link] a 4u p|or",,Jaldre de a91u,o !o, o' dz lola,de ,1eln..]e .o l se/;."b'e', ,j ||ey,e. o. Lond,es q /qs c.*e{.o 1c{[Link],drs a

.,iop,,rto,c,verdad ? I b,j,,*,, l?;;,; po*, ,,o,' 1,i,n dro5 con,9o on (o ,ca1;!d .)e I r"o1o|e,ra 1 ne q.;+qt.-q visi.|or jodis os si4;os de in*es l g,,Yond,,,-J!o1/," d" Londtes, e( ?oIa,o de Buc<nqhqm, ! ,Q t-luseo Bril,inico y l" ?hza de Tr"7olq,r. Aro uq saks, no /rrrlo Lebx nucho', pse'o me 1'sta'ia nrJcho o-o. i,no (?ez^ en ub de eso-s 7o^osos,7ub' que,lienes en I nqlqter,". S g"e Io pr[ m,',j bien contiqo 11 me hore mrho. l .7a ;12los.per1;do il'*;;" rnsar qL ,,1. [Link] sto, "n ,0 l ')
I

\an1)oi"iones'.

-L

Un [Link] rnv; f uerte-t

J,Lo

2OB MASTERINGSPIAIISH

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

When and at what time will Lola leave Soain? At what time will she reach London? What does she hope you will do? How long can she stay with you? Name the places she would like to visit. What does she not usually do very much? $7hat would she like to do and where? How does she jokingly describe the English?

omPecabezas
(Puzzles)

Cada ozseja co?r

str

pareja
a

Match up a phrase from the first column with one from the second to make
reasonable sentence.
I

2
3 a

Si Si Si Si

hace buen tiempo

llueve

hace fro hace sol No suelo beber mucho Si me ||amas por telfono

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (0

tomar el sol en e| jardn. pero hoy tomar un coac. sa|dr a| campo con mi amigo' vendr a buscarte en mi coche me pondr e|abrigo.

ir a| cine.

E
l 2 3 4 5 6

1Conoces Espaai All of these places have been named

so far in the book, but where are they?

2Est Toledo en el centro de Espaa o en el norte?

2En qu ciudad est el Metro? 2En qu ciudad hay un A|czar famoso7 2Dnde hay unos mo|inos famosos7 2En qu ciudad est e| Rastro7 1En qu parte de Espaa estn Granada' Sevil|a y Crdoba?

;OUE VAS A HACER? 209

-:FF

Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters | | -l5

Administer the test and mark it in the manner outlined for earlier tests pages 66-68).

(see

Section t
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. If vou have the cassete do
read the interview.
no

Interzsieus

Hombre: 4Qu te gusta hacer los fines de semana? Mu_1er: Todo depende del tiempo. Si hace buen tiempo me gusta dar un paseo por el campo' pefo si hace fro, me gusta ir al cine o al teatro. Hombre: ;Por qu no Vamos al cine el sbado que viene? Mu.1er: 4Qu ponen? Hombre: No s. Voy a mirar la gua de espectculos. Mira; hay una pelcula estupenda en el cine Capitol. ;Quieres ir? Mu'1er: 1A qu hora empieza? Hombre: La sesin de la tarde empieza a ias siete y la de la noche a las once. ;Qu sesin prefieres? Mujer: La de la tarde. No me gusta ir a la cama tarde. Hombre: Muy bien. La sesin de la tarde, entonces. 4Dnde nos Vemos) y a qu hora? Mu,ier: Delante del cine a las siete menos cuarto. iTe parece bien? Hombre: Me parece muy bien. Hasta el sbado, entonces.

Muier: Adis. Hasta

el sbado.

Questions
Now write down the answers to the following questions.

1 2 3 4 5
2
1

What does the man want to know? $7hat affects the woman's leisure activities?
$7hat does she do if the weather is fine? And if it's cold? \X/hat does the man suggest?

MASTERING sPl^'1.S1

6 7 8 9 l0

How does he find out what is on? What are the times of the two performances? Which one does the woman choose and whv?
Where will they meet?

When will they meet?

Section 2

,4 k)

17>

At the Post Office

Write down what you would say to find out how much postcards and letters cost to post to England and to obtain ten 45-peseta stamps.

Dependienta: Buenos das. ;Qu desea? Usted: (Ask how much it costs to send a postcard to England.) Dependienta: Una tarjeta postal vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas.

Usted:

(Ask how much a letter costs.) Dependienta: Una carta vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Usted: (Ask or ten 45_peseta stamps.)

a7> ,g ft) Hirins

a car

$rite down what you would say to find out if you could hire a car) to hire one for a week and to find out how much it will cost.

Emp|eado: Buenos das. iBn qu puedo servirle?

Usted:

(Ask

if

EmpIeado: S. iPara cuntos das? Usted: (Sall or a week' Ask how much it costs per day') EmpIeado: Vale cuatro mil seiscientas pesetas por da, ms treinta y cinco
pesetas por kilmetro.

yu

can hire a car here.)

(9

a>\

@) Lihes, distikes and preferences

\X/rite down genuine answers to the following questions.

a LL qL/)tdl I d "'-ed los calamaresT '' ^ - U)Ll le gusta ms' el vino o |a cerveza? 3 2ou 4 2Le gusta visitar museosT 5 1Dnde le gusta pasar sus Vacaciones7 6 1Le gusta a su marido {mu..1er) el calorT 7 2Le gusta a su marido (mujer) ir de comprasT 8 2ou |e gusta ms a sU marido (mu.'1er)' tomar el sol o dar un 9 2Le gustara vivir en Espaa? 10 2ou |e 9Ustara ms' visitar Un museo o ir aI teatro7
z

, r

.' ^ .,--^J ZL qu5l<' d U)tc( el vino?

paseo?

REVISION AND SE'F-ISSES-S'I14ENT

TEST

211

.-rr

Marl< Scheme
o a
Section I 2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20) Section 2(a) 4 marks per correct answer (maximum 12) Section (2b)
.1

.
a

marks per correct answer (maxin'rum 8)

Section (2c) 2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20)

Maximum total 60
Se/y' asses
s

rnent

grades

30 50 satisfactory Under 30 need for careful revision

Over

50

excellent

Answers
Section
1

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

$hat the wornan likes to do at the weekends. The weather. She goes for a walk in the country. She goes to the cinema or the theatre. He suggests they go to the cinema on Saturday. By looking at the entertainments guide. 7 pm and 11 pm. She chooses the evening performance because she does not like to go to
bed late. In front of the cinema. At 6.45 pm.

Section 2
(a) At the Post Office
2Cunto vale mandar Una taUeta posta| a |ng|aterra? iY una carta? Derne diez sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas.

21

MASTERING 5-PlN1s1

(b) Hiring a car

2Puedo a|qui|ar un coche aqu? Para una semana' 2Cunto va|e por da?

(c) Likes, dislikes and preferences

1 2 3 I 5 6 7 8 9 10

S' me gusta e| vino. No, no me gusta e| Vino. s, me gustan |os ca|amares. No, no me gustan |os Ca|amares. Me gusta ms e| vino/|a cerveza' Si. me gusta visitar museos. No, no me gusta visitar museos. Me gusta [Link] mts vacaciones en + namc of couniry. s' le gusta el calor. No. no |e gusta e| Ca|or. s, |e gusta ir de compras. No, no le gusta ir de compras. Le gusta ms tomar e| so|/dar Un paseo. S, me gustara vivir en Espaa. No, no me gustara vivir en Espaa Me oustara ms visitar un museo,/ir al teatro.

REVISION AND SE.F-ISSESS'I14ENT

TEST

213

-!F

4Visitaste la catedral?
Talking about the past

W
El Rastro

xirr"dW:

.,'ffi

e@

Dialogues

Diatogue I
Joan Robinson and Mara Lpez stroll through the Rastro chatting about Joan's visit to Toledo. They pause near one of the stalls. Juana, ciento vcinte pesetas. Es una ganga. .una ganga'? sicnto. Maria' pro no comprendo. ;Qu quicre decir Mara: Es una cosa que eS muv barata como ese peine. -Joan: Ah' s. Ahora comprendo. Mara: 4Visitaste la catedral en To1edo?

Joan: Lo

Maria: Mira,

214

MASTERINGS/7N1.S1

Joan:

S, claro. Fui dos veces. Mara" Y, ite gust? -joan: Me gust mucho. Mara: 4Compraste algo en Toledo? Joan: S. Fui con Roberto a una fbrica de artesana y compr un monedero. Roberto compr muchas cosas: un broche, unos pendientes y un collar. 1o pasaste bien en ia antigua capital de Espaa, iverdad? Joan; S, 1o pas muy bien; es una ciudad encantadora.

Mara,' Entonces

Diatosue 2
Before leaving to meet Juan l-tipez for their round of golf Robert Robinson
chats to the hotel reccptionist.

Recepcionista: iCundo volvi usted de Toledo, seor Robinson? Robert: Volv anoche' Cog el tren de las diecisiete horas y 1legu aqu a ias

Recepcionista; ;Le gust Toledo? Robert; S, me gust mucho. Recepcionista: iComi usted perdiz a la toiedana, ese plato tpico de To1edo? Robert: S. Fui a comer un da a la Venta del Aire, ese restaurante muy buencl en el Circo Romano. Recepcionista: Me parece quc Su amigo acaba dc llegar, seor Robinson. Ah

siete y media.

Robert:

Recepcionista: Hasta luego, seor Robinson'

est delante del hotel. 4Dncle? No le veo. Ah s, es mi amigo Juan Lpez. Vamcls a jugar al golf. Hasta luego.

La catedral en Toledo

aVISITASTE LA CA1'EDRAL? 215

YFF

damcnte y no comprend mucho. Juan: 1Qu lstima! Los cuadros del Greco son muy famosos y muy preciosos. Robert: S, ya lo s. Bueno, me toca a m jugar, 4no? Voy a ganar' ya vers.

Diatosue 3 on the golf course Juan Lpez questions Robert about his trip to Toledo. Juan: lFuiste a los molinos en Campo de Criptana? Robert: S. Alquil un coche y pas todo un da en Campo de Criptana. Juan: ;Te gustaron los molinos? Robert: 1Flombre, clarol Son parte de la historia de Espaa, 4no? Juan: 4Qu otras cosas viste? iVisitaste el museo del Greco? Robert: S' fui un da con Juana, pero el gua nos habl en espaol muy

rpi-

Vocabulary
comprender no comprenoo querer {ie) decir 2qu quiere decir? como el peine
ra cosa ta ganga

algo

la catedral ta vez oo5 veces

|a fbrica

la artesana la capital

comb cathedral trme, occasion twlce something, anything factory purse capital

thing like, as

bargain to understand I don't understand to mean' signi what does it mean?

el monedero

handicraft charming

anocne la perdiz a la toledana el plato acabar de acaba de llegar

hasta luego ra parre la historia
|a |stima

encantador /a/es/as

la venta

partridge dish typical of Toledo dish, plate

to have just (done something) he's just arrived him (direct object pronoun) see you soon part

last night

inn

le

rpidamente
;qu lstimaI el cuadro

history quickly pitv

famous

what a pity!

famoso/a/os/as

picture, painting

216 [Link]

ya vers

tocar me toca a mi ganar

to be someone's turn

it's my turn to win, earn

5,ou'll see

Exolanations

[4
(a) Talhing about the past - gra?n?tlqr ref 16(i)
The form of the verb you have seen in the dialogues is the preterite tense and is used to talk about single actions or events in the past. The singular forms of the
resular verbs are as foilows:

t-art verbs
Comprar

Compr Un monedero. Compraste un collar. Marta compr un broche. Usted compr unos pendientes.

To btty I bought a purse.

You bought some earrings (polite).

To eat I ate well. You ate a lot (familiar). John ate badly. You ate little (polite). To leaz;e, go out I left at 9 o'clock.

You bought a necklace (familiar). Martha bought a brooch.

t-ert verbs
Comer

Com bien' Comiste mucho. Juan comi ma|. Usted comi poco.

'-ir'verbs
Sa| a |as nueve'

Salir

Saliste a las diez y media. Pab|o sali a |as doce y cuarto

Usted sa|i a |as cinco y Veinte.

You left at i0.30 (familiar) Pablo left at 12.15. You left at 5.20 (polite).

Notice that '-er' and '-ir' verbs have the same cndings.

(b) Spelling changes - gratn?trar ref 16(ii)

Verbs which end '-gar' add 'u' after the 'g' before an ending beginning with 'e' to oreserve the sound found in the infinitive. L|egu a las diez. Llegaste tarde. Pagu miI pesetas. Pagaste mucho.
I arrived at I 0 o'clock. You arrived late. I paid 1000 pesetas. You paid a lot.

VISI:rASTE l}l CA.|EDRAL? 2|7

.Y(c) Saying that you liked sornething - granunar ref

needed: 2Le gust |a comida?

14
are

The verb 'gustar' is used and only the third person singular and plural

Did you like the meal? (Did the meal

please you?)

S' me gust mucho. ile gustaron los cuadros? S, me gustaron bastante.

Yes, I liked it very much. Did you like the pictures? Yes, I quite liked them.

(d) Saying that you enjoyed yourself - grat?L7nsr ref 16(i)

The verb 'oasar' is used with the Dronoun 'lo':
4Lo pas bien en To|edo? S' lo pas muy bien'

Did you have a good time in Toledo? (Did you spend time well in Toledo?) Yes, I had a good time.

(e) Saying ushere you usent The verb 'ir' (to go) is used and is irregular. The forms of the singular
follows: Fui a Toledo. Fuiste al cine. Juan fue al teatro. Usted fue a Londres.

are

as

I went to Toledo. You went to the cinema (familiar).

John went to the theatre. You went to London (polite).

(fl Saying

zuhat

you haae just done - gra,rtlmsr ref 17

I've just arrived.

The verb used is 'acabar de' in the present tense + infinitive:

Acabo de llegar. Acabas de ver a Mara' Pepe acaba de salir. Usted acaLra de lugar al tenis.

Joe has just left. You've just played tennis (polite).

You've just seen Mary (familiar).

@) Sayinq thot it is your turn

The verb used is 'tocar' and it behaves just as 'gustar' does:
Te tocajugar. Le toca salir. Le toca a usted pagar

Me toca pagar.

It's my turn to pay. It's your turn to play (familiar).

It's his/her turn to leave. It's your turn to pay (polite).

2|B MASTERING sPlN1s1

ref 5(i)
people: Lo

(h) Referring to things and people using pronouns - grann?nsr

Two pronouns are found in the dialogues and refer to the following things or
It (masc. sing.)
I already know it. The handbag? I bought it yesterday.

Ya |o s' 2E| bo|so? Lo compr ayer.

LE

No t" u"o. 1Juan? Le vi anoche.

Him I can't see him. John? I saw him last night.

Notice that pronouns are usually placed before the verb.

(i) Talhing about

(to go)' A The verbs number of common verbs are irregular but do follow a pattern. One major group changes both the stem and the endings, following this pattern:

past - granutlsr ref 16(io) found in Section A are regular with the exception of ir'
the
To walk

Andar Anduve por la calle. Anduviste por el parque. Juan anduvo por el mercado Usted anduvo por |a exposicin. Similar verbs are:

You walked through the park.

]ohn walked through the market. You walked through the exhibition.

I walked along the street.

Conducir
Condu.;e bien.

Decir
Dr1e la verdad.

Estar

Estuve en Pars.

Hacer Hice mucho traba1o. Note: Hizo mucho traba1o. Poder No pude venir. Poner Puse la maleta en la cama Producir Produye un peine. Ouerer

No quise salir.

To driae I drove well. To say I told the truth. To be I was in Paris. To do, make I did a lot of work. He did a lot of work. To be able, can I could not come. To put, place I put the suitcase on the bed. To produce I produced a comb. To wish, want I did not want to go out.

;VISITASTE LA CATEDRL? 219

--Saber No lo supe. Tener Tuve que volver. Traer Traje a mi hermano.

To know I did not know it. To haae I had to return. To bring I brought my brother. To conte I came quickly.

Venir Vine deprisa.

Exercises
a
The ke1 to these exercises begins on p. 328.

Exercise t

Finding out what something means

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; find out whar 'una ganga'means.

Maria. Mira, Juana, ciento veinte pesetas. Es una ganga. Usted: (Sa1l you are sony) Mara' but 1ott do not understand. Ask uhat Maria: Es una cosa que es muy barata, como Usted: (Say ah ys. Iow you understattd.)
gartga'nteans.)
ese peine.

,una

(l \

Exercise

Saying where you went and how you lit<ed it

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; explain that you wenr twice to the cathedral and enjoyed it.

Mara: 1Visitaste la catedral en Toledo? Usted: (Sayl'res, of course. You tuent tuice.) Usted:
Mara.' Y,
1te gust? (Say ltou liked ir a lot.)

Exercise 3 Saying when and how you got back and how you lil(ed a place
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the foliowing dialogue; explain that you returned last night on the 17.00 train, arrived at7.30 pm and enjoyed Toledo.

Recepcionista: ;Cundo vcllvi usted

Usted: Usted:

Recepcionista: ;Le gust Toledo?

(Sayye.s, you liked it a bt.)

(Say you returned last night. Yott caught the 17.00 trairt and arriz-ted here at 7.30.)

cie

Toledo, seor Robinson?

220

MASTERING SPI,\'ISI

O \

Exercise

Saying where you went and how

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; explain that you hired a car and spent the day at Campo de Criptana.

Juan: lFuiste a los molinos en Campo de Criptana? Usted: (Sayyes. You hired a car and spent a whole day in Campo de Cnptana.) Juan: aTe gustaron los molinos? Usted: (Say of course. Thejt are part of the history o;f Spain, aren't they?)

( ) Exercise 5 Saying what you did \

Reply to the following questions in the affirmative. Example: 2ou a|quil usted? 2Un coche7 5' alquil un coche.

1 2Dnde aparc Usted7 2En |a p|aza? 2 2au compr usted? 2Un peine7 3 2Cunto pag usted7 Zciento veinte pesetas7 4 tau hab| usted? 2Espao|? 5 tA qu hora ||eg usted a casa7 2,A las nueve7 6 1ou tom Usted en e| bar? 2Una cerveza? 7 2Cunto pag usted7 2Cien pesetas7 8 zA quin invit Usted7 2A su amigo? 9 2ou visit usted? 1La caLedra|? l0 2Ou escuch usted por |a tarde? 1Discos de msica

clsica7

Q e*"'cise Saying what you did o did not do \

l 2 3 4 5
2Vio Usted |a televisin? (Si) 2Comi usted bien? (No) 2Vo|vi Usted anoche7 (5) 2Sa|i usted a |as once7 (Si) iBebi usted horchata7 {No)

E'xamples: 2Cogi Usted e| autobs? (S) S' cog el autobs. 2Escribi Usted |a carta? (No) No, no escrlb |a Carta

o \

Exercise

Saying whee you went' when and with whom

Exampie: Theatre/yesterday/wife. Fui al teatro ayer con mi mu1er

1 2 3 4 5

Cinema/lastnighfriend. Markethis morning/husband.

Shopping/yesterday/son.

Discotheque/this evening/sister.

Cathedral/yesterday morning/daughter.

( ) \

Exercise

Saying what has just happened

aVISITASTE LA

Reply to the following questions in the affirmative.

CATEDRIL?

221

.Tl!F

Example: 2LIeg Juan? S, acaba de l|egar.

1 2 3 4 5

2Sali Marta?

LEntr su marido7
1Vo|vi eI gua?

1Pag Paco?

2L|eg |a prensa extranJera?

Exercise

Saying whether you liked something or not

S, me gust mucho. S, me gust. X No' no me gust.

Examples: 2Le gust la catedra|?

XX No' no

me gust nada

1 2 3 4 5

2Le gUSt |a comida7 X

4Le gustaron los entremeses? ,

1Le gust |a ensa|ada? ui 7' 2Le gustaron las chuletas? 2Le gust el he|ado? 7

xx
,

( ) \

Exercise
I

O Finding

out if it3 your turn

Example: Pay. 2Me toca pagar?

2
3

Play. Leave. Buy.

4
5

Listen.
Speak.

Exercise t t

A day in your life

Answer the following questions in the affirmative.

L tA qu hora sa|i usted de casa7 2,A |as ocho? 2 2Cmo fue a su traba1o? 2En coche7 3 tA qu hora l|eg a su traba.1o7 iA las nueve? 4 2au dr'1o Usted a sus amigos7 2Buenos das? 5 2Hizo mucho trabajo? 6 2Dnde comi? 2En casa? 7 2Tuvo que trabajar mucho por la tarde? 8 1Tra1o ms traba;o a casa? 9 1Vio |a te|evisin por la tarde7 10 2'A qu hora se fue a |a cama7 iA las once?
Now repeat the exercise but this time give genuine answers.

222 MASTERING SPINISI1

Exercise l2

Asking what people did

The following are the answers. What were the questions? E'xample: S' tra';e a mi hermano. 2Tra1o usted a su hermano?

1 2 3 4 5

S' anduve por e| parque. S, puse la ma|eta en la habitacin. 5' lo supe ayer' S. estuve en Mlaga e| mes pasado.

No, no pude comprenderle.

2Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

Lo siento, pero no cornprendo

Listen to the tape, decide what Joan's problem is and how it is resolved.

Listen to the tape and write down in English where Joan went in Toledo and what she bousht rhere.

eQu hiciste el [Link] pasado?

Listen to the tape and select the correct answer from the ones supplied.

The woman rang the man: (a) last Saturday (b) last Friday

(c) last Sunday The man was out: (a) al a concert (b) shopping (c) visiting his mother The music he was listening to was: (a) classical (b) jazz (c) folk The concert was: (a) in the open air (b) in a concert hall (c) in a bar The man went to the concert: (a) with his wife (b) with two friends (c) with four friends The woman rang the man to invite him: (a) to dinner (b) to go into the country (c) to go to a disco
In the end, she went: (a) to a disco with friends (b)

shopping (c) to

see her mother

aVISITAS:rE LA

CATEDRAL?

223

--FF

2Cornprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading cxercises) Read these signs seen in Spain and write down what they mean in English.

ffitrffi
&[*mry

ff mwmefuffiffi&

rytrffi

,'
:

;l

x*xgmm ffit ffifrffi&#*

Mnf*nruA or 7 3S a !3 3S

;:
a

[RsE pc ]s a l 3*

$"&1ruffiffi
frffi#Tflffi&{$ #ffitr$ffiffiffiB&s #*-{"ffi$$&s
$:*B S &&Y & s- $*&m * *&

,&ffixmffiT{&

t9

T&nO

&S, XEffi&

trtr$#*&ffiffis tretr&trffi${p&

Tffiffiff
p{ $ry*effi

etr pffin{#ffi

224

MAS'TERING S'PIAIISI1

ACCE50

{:e${$qffiYffi& #ffiffiTe#-t &e- ff&Kfr$ pffi$tr

l&ffiffiffiffiffifu&-

&

tues'ffi& e*. ffiffi &_ tr38& e$&t$*ffi & pffiffi& LY&"" , ,&ffi! ffiYffi

CURYA$ pffit$&Rs$&s
ffiffi X-**m.
10

|.|:ISITASTE LA

CATEDRAL?

225

Rompecabezas

E
I 2 3 4 5 6

(Puzzles)

De oacgcxoTres
Where did these people go on holiday. Rearrange the anagrams to find out where they went. All the places you need (and some you do not) are found on
the map below.

Me gusta el calor. Fui a la ASOCTDELSOL. Me gusta e| esqu. Fui a |os R|PNoiES. Me gustan |os monumentos rabes' Fui a DRANAGA' Fui a visitar a mi amigo cata|n que vive en CLANBoREA. Me gustan mucho |os teatros y los museos. Visit DIRAMD. l\4e encanta el paisale verde. Fui a ACIGALI.

(-----..-.---t-'

"/Yln"

Galicia

;./
.

j
\

Barcelona

o Madrid

'-''-J.,'-

zt

S,/

p..'

,n

)
\
7

//-< Varencia A 7

\o
o Granada
Costa del Sol

226 MASTERING SPINIS1

4compraste algo?
Talking about the past - Z

Dialoques

Dialogue

Joan Robinson and Mara Lpez separate in the Rastro market and ]ater meer up to discuss their purchases. Joan has bought some pictures of Madrid.

Mara: 1Qu cuadros ms bonitos! ;Dnde los encontraste? Joan: Los encontr en un puesto en aquella calle. ;Te gustan?

Joan: No mucho' Slo quinientas pesetas cada uno. Una ganga, .no, Mara: 1Qu pronto aprendes! 1Y qu bien hablas el espaol, Juana!

Mara.. S, me gustan mucho. iCunto te costaron?

Mara?

Diatosue 2
Joan wants to know what Maria has bought.

Joan: gCompraste algo? Mara: S. Sub por aquella calle y

encontr un puesto de joyas antiguas. Compr esta sortija vieja. E,l vendedor me dijo que e s de1 siglo pasado. Joan: A ver. S, eS muy bonita. 4Cunto te cost? Mara: Quince mi1 pesetas, pero eS de oro.

Dialogue 3
Robert Robinson has a slight mishap in the golf c1ub. He leaves his sun glasse s on the table, goes to the bar with Juan and, when he returns, the glasses have
disappeared.

Robert: 4Dnde estn mis gafas de sol? Las dej aqu en ia mesa' )uan.. ;Ests seguro? E'spera un momento. Voy a llamar al camarero. ;Oiga'
Camarero: S, seor. 2Qu quiere?
seor!

1COMPRASTE

ALGO?

227

=V-

ffi' &:Lffi
.ffi
:l

k-''
i:
:t

ffi & ffi

i*ffi

&"

i i{

"i$

!i

i:
]l

ij

En el Rastro

22B 'VISZ'RING s?lN1sH

Juan: iVio

usted unas gafas de sol? Mi compaero las dej aqu en esta mesa' Camarero: S' seor, las vi. Hace un momento entr un joven y las cogi'

Robert: Muchas sracias.

Mire; ah est en

|a terraza.

Diatogue 4
Robert approaches the young man on the golf club terrace.

Robert: Perdone, seor. Me parece que usted cogi mis

en la mesa en el bar.

gafas de sol' Las dej

Joven: tQu? No, seor. Est usted equivocado. Estas gafas son mas' Robert: Pero son gafas inglesas. Mire, seor, llevan el nombre de la

tienda donde las compr en York. Joven; ;Dnde? Ah, s, ahora lo veo. Perdneme' Seor. Las cog sin pensar' Pero, ;dnde estn mis gafas entonces? Robert: Me parece que estn ah en el bolsillo de su chaqueta, seor. Joven: ;Qu? iCaramba! Tiene usted razn. Perdneme, seor. Robert: 1No hay de qu, seor!

Vocabulary
encontrar
los
(ue)

el puesto

costar (uel pronro aprender iqu bienI

la

;qu pronto!

them (direct object pronoun) masc.) stall (in a market) to cost soon, quickly how soon, quickly! to learn how nice, goodl
jewel

to find, meet

vielo/a/os/as el vendedor el siglo pasado/a/os/as

|^.

la sortua

loya

rlng old

el compaero/|a compaera
ta5

^-tcr) 9ct. tcl)

A^.^| uE )ul

salesman century past, last sun glasses

.'1oven,!venes el .1oven

companlon them (direct object pronoun, fem.) young

young man
ago
a moment ago

nace

nace un momento
Ia terraza

estar equivocado/ a/ os/ as Usted est equivocado/a

mo/a/os/as

terrace to be mistaken, wrong you're mistaken, wrong

mine

1COMPRISTE

ALGO?

229

llevar sin pensar el bolsillo la chaqueta

to bear, carry, wear (of clothing)

without thinking
pocket jacket
gosh! blast! to be right

lcarambal tener razn usted tiene razn ;no hay de qu|

you're right don't mention it, it doesn't matter

Explanations
tr_l
(a) Giaing exclantqtory opinions
The form you use is .1qu' + noun + .ms' + adjective!
;Ou cuadros ms bronitos| ;Ou comida ms barata! iOu hombre ms tonto| iou chicas ms guapasI 1ou tontoI 1ou tontal 1ou baratol 1ou carosI 1ou preciosasl 1ou bien lo hace usted!
V7hat pretty pictures! What a cheap meal! $7hat a stupid man! tX/hat pretty girls!

To exclaim how nice, expensive, etc. something is, the form is similar:
How How How How How How
stupid! (of a male) stupid! (of a female)

cheap! (of a masculine object) dear! (of masculine objects) well you do it!

beautiful! (of feminine objects)

(b) Referring to things using pronouns - gratn??Lar ref 5(i)

In Chapter 16 you saw the use of the two pronouns'lo'and'le'. Two further direct object pronouns are found in this chapter and are used to refer to plura1 masculine or feminine objects: 2los cuadros7 Los compr en
2Mis gafas? Las de.1 en la

Los

Them (masc. pl.)

Las

ese

Duesto.

The pictures? I bought them at that

stall. Them (fem. pl.) My glasses? I left them on the table.

mesa.

z;erbs - grq?tl?nar ref 16(i)

(c) The third person plural of

the

past tense of regular '-ar'

The ending '-aron' is added to the stem of the verb:

230

MASTERING SPINIS'1

Costar

2Cunto costaron?
Llegar
2,{

How much did they cost?

To cost

qu hora ||egaron? useek,

!hat time did they arrive?

To arriae

(d) Reerring to last

rnonth, etc.
I arrived last Monday. I bought it last week. He left for Seville last month. I went to Granada last year.

The adjective 'pasado' is placed after the noun:

Llegu e| |unes pasado. Lo compr |a semana pasada' Sa| para Sevi|la e| mes pasado Fui a Granada el ao pasado.

(e) Saying that sornething happened a certain tirne ago

You use 'hace' followed bv the relevant expression of time:
Sali hace una hora.

He left an hour ago.

I arrived three days ago. I saw him a month ago.

L|egu hace tres dias' Le vi hace un mes.

() Soyins that you are sure of sornething, or right or 7Drong about it

Estar

No estoy seguro {segura) de

nomDre. Estar eouivocado/a Estoy equivocado

seguro/a

su

To be sure ('segura' is

the

I'm not sure about his name.

feminine form)

(equivocada) I'm

To be mistaken, urong ('equiz;ocada' is the feminine form)

mistaken.

Tener razn Usted tiene razn'

You're right.

To be right

@) Saying you ouJn sornething _ gra?n?7lar re 5 (iii) .eS' and .son' to Say that The possessive pronoun .mo' is used after the verb
you own something:
2Es ste su bo|so? S' es mo. Is this your handbag? Yes, it's mine. 2Es sta su maleta? S, es ma. Is this your case? Yes, it's mine. 2Son stos sus guantes? S, son mos' Are these your gloves? Yes, they're mine. 2Son stas sus gafas? S, son mas' Are these your glasses? Yes, they're mine.

;CoMPRSTEALGO?

231

Notice that the possessive pronoun agrees with the thing described and not with .mo' is preceded by the definite article. .e|', the possessor. Elsewhere the word

'la'r'los'r'las':

steno es mi bolso. El mo es rojo. This isn't my handbag. Mine is red. Esta no es mi maleta. La ma es marrn. This isn't my case. Mine is brown. stosno son mis guantes. Los mos son grises. These aren't my gloves. Mine are grey. stasno son mis gafas. Las mas son ing|esas. These aren't my glasses. Mine are English.

(h) Saying you did sornething usithout thinhing, uishing to, etc.
You use the word 'sin' + infinitive:
Lo cogr sin pensar. Lo beb sin querer.
I picked it up without thinking.

I drank it without wishins to.

(i) Regular '-er' and '-ir' aerbs in the third person plural in the pas t tense - gratwtlar ref 16(i)
The ending '-ieron' is added to the stem of the verb:
What did they receive? 2ou recibieron? 2A qu hora prometieron ||egar? $7hat time did they promise to arrive?

grst?t?nar ref 16(ia)

(j) Irregular aerbs in the third person plural in the psst tense No hicieron nada. Estuvieron en Valencia.
'-eron':

Most of the irregularverbs found in Chapter l6 also have the ending'-ieron':

They did nothing. They were in Valencia

The exceptions are those which have a J' at the end of the stem these end in No dr.;eron nada.
Condu.1eron mal. [Link] a su madre.

They said nothing. They drove badly. They brought their mother

(k) SayinS that things belong to other people - grsttt?trcrr ref S(ii)
The relevant possessive pronouns are:

Tuyo

Este bolso es tuyo, 2verdad? Mi regin es ms bonita que la tuya.

This handbag is yours, isn't it? My region is prettier than yours.

Yours (familiar)

232

MASTERING [Link]

Suyo Esta maleta es suya.

His,

This case is his.

hers, yours (polite)

Any ambiguity is resolved by using the relevant pronoun:

Esta maleta eS de |. Esta maleta es de ella. Esta maleta es de usted.

This case is his. This case is hers. This case is yours.

Exercises

The key to these exercises begins on p. 330.

Exercise t Saying where you found something

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; say where you found the pictures and how much they cost.

Mara: 1Qu cuadros ms bonitos! ;Dndc los encontraste? Usted: (Say yotr found then ort a stall in that street. Ask if she likes them.) Mara: S, me gustan mucho. iCunto te costaron? Usted: (Sa1 rnt mttch. only 500 pesetas. A bargain isn't it, Mara?)

Exercise 2 Finding out what your friend bought and what it cost
what it cost.

Play the part of Joan Robinson; ind out if your friend bought anything and

Usted: (Ask if Mara bought anything,) Mara: Si' compr esta sortija vieja. Usted: (Say let's see. Yes, it's aay nice. How Mara: Quince mil pesetas, pero eS de oro'

much did it cost?)

1COMPRASTE

ALGO?

233

TFF

--)

Exercise 3 Finding out what happened to something you |eft on a tab|e

Example: 2Dnde estn mis gafas de so|? Las
de.1

aqu en

|a mesa.

#}
lr.,

O \

Exercise

4 Giving

exctamatory opinions

Comment on the quality of things and ask where your friend found them. Example: Pretty pictures. 1ou cuadros ms bonitos! 2Dnde los encontraste?

I 2 3 4 5

A handsome man. Typical postcards. An interesting book. Excellent ham.

Cheap brooches.

6 Strong brandy. 7 A cheap present. 8 Comfortable shoes. 9 Beautiful earrings. 10 A charming ring.

Exercise

,.ar'verbs Using the third Peson P|ual of regular

Example: Costaron miI pesetas, 2verdad? (200ol No. Costaron dos m| pesetas.

1 2 3 4 5

Llegaron a las ocho, 2verdad? (Las nueve.) Aparcaron en la plaza, 2verdad? {La calle) Alquilaron el coche en Madrid, 2verdad? (Toledo) Hab|aron ing|s, 1verdad? (Espaol) Reservaron una habitacin con bao, 1verdad? (Ducha}

. ') Exercise Referring to last week' month' \

1 2
2Cundo ||eg usted7 (Thursday) 2Cundo Visit usted To|edo7 (\eek)

etc.

Example: 2Cundo ||eg usted7 (Tuesday) L|egu e| martes pasado.

234 MASTERING SPINISI

3 4 5

2Cundo sa|i usted de Madrid? (Month) |Cundo fue usted a |ng|aterra7 (Year) 2Cundo pas usted sus vacaciones en Mlaga? (Summer)

Exercise 7 Saying how long ago something happened

Example: 1Cundo compr usted e| broche? {Dos das) Compr e| broche hace dos das.

I 2 3 4 5

2Cundo 2Cundo 2Cundo 2Cundo 2Cundo

vio usted a Juan? (Tres horas) cambi usted |os cheques? (cuatro das} pag usted |a cuenta? (Cinco minutos) termin usted e| traba1o? (Un mes) fue usted a| cine? {Una semana)

Exercise

Am l ight or wrong?

E,xamples: Madrid es |a capita| de Espaa. Usted tiene razn.

To|edo est en la Costa' Usted est equivocado.

1 2 3 4 5

E| esoao| se hab|a

Hace calor en lnglaterra en el invierno. Los espaoles no Comen pan con la comida' Franco vivi en Esoaa. El Talgo es Un tren espaol.

en

|a

Amrica de| Sur.

L - Exercise \

ls this yours?

E'xample: 2Es de usted este paue|o? S, es mo.

I 2Es de usted esta novela? 2 2Es de usted esta revista? 3 iSon de usted estos guantesT 4 2Son de usted estas gafas? 5 2Es de usted este collar?

that something cannot be yours because yous is different Example: 2Es de Usted este bo|so? (Green) No, no es mo. El mo es Exercise
t
verde.

O Explaining

I 2 3 4 5

1Es de usted esta toalla? (White)

2Es de usted este brocheT (Of gold) 2Son de usted estos zapatosT (Black) 2Son de usted estas revistasT (English) ZEs de usted este monederoT (Of leather)

1COMPR4STEALGO? 235

-YIF

t ) \

Exercise I t What did they do?

Example: iDnde estuvieron? (BiIbao) Estuvieron en BiIbao'

I 2 3 4 5

zA quin [Link]? (Su hermano) 1Cmo condujeron? (Bien)

2ou dt.'1eron? (Nada) 2ou hicieron7 {Mucho traba-1o) 2ou se pusieron7 (La chaqueta)

t\') Exercise t 2 Saying that things belong to other PeoPle 1 2 3 4 5

Mi casa est en York. (Nueva York) Mis hryos son estudiantes. {Hombres de negocios) Mi falda es de a|godn. (Lana) Mis discos son de msica c|sica. {Msica popu|ar) Mi fami|ia est en |ng|aterra. {Espaa)

Example: Mis caIcetines son de Iana. (Ni|n) Mis caIcetines son de |ana, pero Ios tuyos son de ni|n'

Exercise l3

Saying that things belong to other peoPle

Rephrase the following sentences using pronouns for the articles and people in the second half of the sentence. Example: Aqu est mi impermeab|e, pero, 2dnde est e| impermeab|e de usted7 Aqu est mi impermeab|e, pero, 2dnde est e| de usted7

l 2 3 1 5

Aqu est mi muJer' pero, 2dnde est |a mu.1er de Juan7 Aqu estn mis padres' pero, 2dnde estn |os padres de Juana? Aqui est mi traJe. pero' 2dnde est el tra..1e de Paco7 Aqui estn mis panta|ones, pero, 2dnde estn |os panta|ones de Mara? Aqui est mi camisa, pero, 2dnde est |a camisa de usted?

iComprende usted e| espaol hablado?

(Listening exercises)

En el Rastro
Listen to the tape and write down what the speaker bought, where she found it, how much it cost and what it is made of.

Listen to the tape and write down the name of the object being argued over,
where it was left and how ownership is proved.

236 MASTERING SPINIS1

lCorrtpraste algo?
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7

$7here did Marisa go shopprng? In which street in particular? $7hat did she buy there? Why did this take a long time? Name two of the three things she bought in the market? What did the specialist shops sell? $7hat has she bought for rhe man?

;Comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Tabln de anuncicls
Read the small advertisements from a Spanish newspaper on the next page and then answer the questions by selecting the correct advertisement.

1 2 3

You would like to learn Spanish dancing. You need to work as a free-lance English translator. You have a room to let with access to cooking and clothes-washing faciiit1es.

4 You want to learn to drive. 5 You need to have some photocopies made. 6 You wouid like to learn Italian. 7 You want to follow a good qualty course on nutrition 8 I 10
washing machine available to you. You wish to rone up in a gym. You are a girl looking for a room in a flat in the city cenrre.

October or November. You are a girl looking for a room in a flat with central heating,

and health in

TV and

ccoMPRASTE ALGO? 237

=-!tF

3 SE busca chica para compar- f APRENDE a conducir en Autir piso. Habitacin individual, to-Escuela Las AlPujarras. Junecomica' soleado' calefaccin to a Alsina. Paseo Ronda' 95 :entral. teIevisin, lavadora. Matrcula: l5'000 ptas.

Junto Trfico.
|

'- --'2b SE alouila habitacin

q cLAsES de baile espaol. In. al 260632. doble eresados llamar para seritas. Piso soleado y cntrico. con telfono v lavado- h CURso de nutricin y salud. De carcter oficial, reconocido ra. Llamar al 264142.-

"

B_

C/.

Tibnidas'

c TRADUCC|ONES en ingls. Precio econmico. Telf .:

280992.

oor la Universidad de Granada. En octubre y noviembre. Razn en Facultad de Medicina.

i COPTSA fotocopias, calidad, d SE dan clases de italiano. Li- rapidez, prestigio, planos. C/. cenciado nativo. Pregunta por Sol,5. Telf.:27991l. Livio. Llamar al telfono 2959991 o C/. Lavadero de la i GIMNASIo Bodv chic. Aero-bic,
Cruz. 7. 1.". Junto S. Juan de
Dios.

culturismo, sauna, asesoramiento diettico' Nva. de San Antn,

estu23, Te|.: 25602o.

gim-jazz, mntenimiento, musclacin artes marciales,

e CHICO busca Piso de

diantes Dara el prximo curso.

Dov 18.00 ptas. mximo. Pido hatitacin individual. aseo. cocina, lavadora Y a ser Posible cer-

cano a Ciencias. Llamar

9s8/7 lol l l.

al

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

Sopa de letras: en el Rostro

Hidden in the Wordsquare below are ten things you might buy in the Rastro market. Can you find them? (They are ail positioned either horizontally or
verticallY.)

SPEXKBL OELCAMI C R I P S UFZLEOR AUDISCO DMKTOVS R E L OJ OB S OR R S OMB DMALETA

238 MASTERING SPANISH

NB

K T E

R
I

DC SA OR CT SE WR IA JA OL PI

2ou deseaba?
Describing things in the past

5|$!1le

;1.;{{s

-*ffffi

Dialogues

Diatogue

Joan Robinson saw a blouse in a shop and returns later to buy it. Flowevcr, shc flnds the window display has been changed.

Dependiente: Buenos das, seora. aQu dcseaba? .)oan: Haba una b1usa en cl escaparate que me gustaba mucho, pero

ahora

Joan:

Dependiente: iUna blusa, seora? iCmo

Era roia v amarilla.

no est all.

era?

lQUE DESEABA? 239

=!FF

Joan: Joan:

Dependiente: Y, ;dnde estaba exactamente? Dependiente: A ver si mc acuerdo ...

Estaba a la derecha del escaparate.

Creo que era de algodn y vala diez mil pesetas' Dependiente: Ah, s, ahora me acuerdo, setlra' Lo siento mucho, seora, pero tcna tres de esas b1usas y las vend todas ayer. Ya no quedan de ese

4E'ra de algodn o de 1ana?

Joan:

Dependiente: 4Quiere mirar otras blusas, seora? Tengo muchas que

mu-v bonitas.

modelo. ;Qu lstima! Era mu1, bonita. gracias. Adis.

son

Joan: No,

Dependrente: Adis' seora.

Dialosue 2
Robert Robinson has had a mysterious visitor at the hotel.

Recepcionista: 1Seor Robinson! Haba una seorita aqu antes que Robert: ;Una seorita? 4Cmo era? Recepcionista: Era bastante a1ta, tena el pelo rubio 1. ller'aba un traje azul' Robert: 1Cmo se llamaba? Recepcionista: No lo s, seor Robinson' No dijo su nombre. Robert: Pues, ;qu quera? Recepcionista: Tampoco lo s. No dej ningn recado. Entr, pregunt
estaba usted en el hotel y' cuando nada.
1e

le

buscaba.

Si

dije que no estaba, se march sin decir

Robert: 1Qu raro! A ver si vuelve otra vez. ;Est mi esposa? Recepcionista: Creo que s. Hace un rato estaba en el bar. Robert: Gracias.

Diatogue 3 City centres change continually, and La Puerta del So1, the city centre of Madrid, is no exception. Robert Robinson returns to his old haunts with Juan Lpez and indulges in a bout of nostalgia.
una Zapatera' E'n aquella esquina una seora muy vieja venda puros y cigarrillos, y la mejor paste1era de la ciudad estaba por este lado. Juan: 1Hombrel 1Qu memoria! Ya veo que te acuerdas de todo 2Cmo es eso? Robert: Pues, cuando yo viva en Madrid, tena una novia espaola muy guapa que traba'aba en una oficina en esta plaza' Todos 1os das yo vena a
buscarla y merendaba con ella en e1 caf que ahora ya no existe' _,|uan: Y, ;cmo se llamaba esa novia espaola tan guapa? Robert: Se llamaba ... La verdad es que no me acuerdo de su nombre. Juan: 1Qu memoria! ;Ya veo que no te acuerdas de nada!

Robert: Todo esto est muy diferente. Haba un caf all donde ahora

ha5'

24o MSTERINGsPl^IIs'I/

Vocabulary
0esear 2que deseabaT la blusa el escaparate gusrar me gustaba
ser

haba

to wish, want can I help you? (what did you want?) there was, there were blouse shop window to like (to please)
I liked to be what was it iike?

2cmo era?
esta r

rolo/a/os/as amarillo/a/os/as
2dnde estaba?

yellow
to be

red

acordarse de (ue) me acuerdo de e| a|godn

la lana valer valia

where was it? to remember I remember

cotton wool

tener
tenia

(ie)

quedar ya no queoan el modelo

to cost) be worth it cost to have I had

t^ rLrlrurrrt LU rAffioin lre left

there are none left

model, style

'I

lr:

s;,' ;i

.!:. l I

I ,& '"l.:.S. F
'!i;.,.,

li:

,"" .b
#

**l

:$

fud

J$

&.,

!*r

" b".bL

La Puerta del Sol

1QUE

DESEABA?

241

--!rF

zquiere mirar? antes buscar le buscaba

llevar llevaba el traJe

mtrar

to look do you before, to look

want to look at? earlier

at

he/she was looking for you to wear, carry he/she was wearing suit (male or female)

for

azul/es el pelo

blue hair

llamarse

1cmo se |lamaba?

rubio/a/os/as

decir (i) no dr,.1o querer (ie) 2qu quera? tampoco ninguno/a/os/as preguntar pregunto
marcnarSe se march sin decir nada

fair, blonde what was she called? to say, tell to want, wish, love what did she want? neither none, no to ask
she did not say

to be called (literally, to call onself

raro/a/os/as
1qu raro| la vez

to go away, leave he/she left without saying anything

she asked

odd, curious how odd!

otra vez el rato

time, occasion again different

nace un rato diferente/s Ia zapateria la esquina vender venda el puro

la pasteleria
mejor,/es

while. shorl space of rime a little while ago

shoe shop corner (of street) to sell he/she used to sell

el lado la memoria vivir vivia la novia

traba,.lar

cigar cake shop better, best side (ofstreet, square, etc.)

memory

to live I used to live girlfriend, fiance, bride

to work he/she used to work

traba.;aba

venir {ie) vena merendar merendaba

existir nada

to come I used to come to have a snack in mid-afternoon I used to have a snack to exrst

nothing

242

MASTERING [Link]

Exolanations
the past - gra?tl?txar refs 18 (i), (ii) To say what you used to do in the past you use the imperfect form of the verb. For all verbs which end in '-ar' the pattern is as follows:
Trabalaba en una oficina. Traba..1abas en una lFbrica. Juan trabajaba en un banco Usted trabajaba en un taller
I used to work in an office. You used to work in a factory

(a) Talking about

(familiar). John used to work in a bank. You used to work in a workshop (polite).

For nearly all verbs which end in '-er' or '-ir' the pattern is as follows:
Viva en esta cal|e Vivas cerca de Madrid'
Paco viva en esta p|aza. Usted viva en un piso.
I used to live in this street. You used to live near Madrid

(familiar).

Frank used to live in this square. You used to live in a flat (polite).
I used to be a waiter.

The exception to this pattern is the irregular verb 'ser' (to be):
Era camarero. Eras ms gordo. Mara era dependienta Usted era profesor.

You used to be fatter (familiar). Mary used to be a shop assistant. You used to be a teacher (polite).
Tpere -

(b) Describing hou things

Llevaba un trale azul. Juan tena el pe|o rubio. Usted era alto y delgado

grsnxnxar refs 18 (i), (ii)

She was wearing a blue suit. John had fair hair. You were tall and thin.

The same form is used to describe things or people in the past:

(c) Saying thot there uJas, rpere or used to be

The verbal form .haba' is used for both singular and plural: Haba una zapateria en esta Ca||e. There used to be a shoe shop in this Haba cinco seores en el
street.

bar.

There were five gentlemen in the bar' 7 (io)

(d) Renternbering things - grarrr?nar ref

You use the verb 'acordarse', which changes its stem in the present
1QUE

tense: .
243

DESEABA?

--r
No me acuerdo
2Te acuerdasT 2Se acuerda usted de su I do not remember.

Do you remember? (familiar)

If you state what you remember, this is joined to the verb with 'de':

nombreT Do

you remember his name? (polite)

(e) Saying that you do not either

'Tampoco' can be used either as a single word answer or with No comprende. Yo tampoco. 2ou quera7 Tampoco |o s.
a verb:

He doesn't understand. Neither do L What clid she want? I don't know

that either.

(f) Uses of the pronoun 'le' - grarnrnar ref 5 (i)

'Le' can be used to refer to him:

No le veo.
Le comprendo

I can't see him.

It is also used to refer to 'you' (masc. sing.):

seor'

perfectamente,

I understand you perfectly. sir.

It is aiso used to express'to him, to her, to you':

Le hab| en espaol.
I

a Aiia mr ArrarriAn

Le exp|iqu e| prob|ema
its meaning.

I spoke to him in Spanish. I told her my address. I explained the problem to you.

Confusion rarely arise s because the sentence in which the pronoun occurs gives

Ah viene Paco' Ayer

pesetas.

|e

di

cien

Here comes Frank. Yesterday gave him 100 pesetas.

(g) Uses of the intperfect tense - gra?nttlar refs

The imperfect is used for one of three reasons:

18 (i), (ii)

To refer to repeated action in the past:

Nadaba en e| mar todos |os
Era alto y gordo y llevaba

das.

I used to swim in the sea every day.

To describe something or someone in the past:

gafas.

He was tall and fat and wore glasses.

John was waiting for the bus when I saw him.

To refer to an interrupted action in the past:

Juan esperaba e| autobs cuando le vi.

244 MASTERING SPINISI

(h) Irregular aerbs in the irnperfect - gra??x?nar ref 18 (ii)

lr
7.o go

lba a| mercado |os sbados. 2Adnde ibas? Marta iba al teatro los lunes.

I used to go to the markct on .[Link]

Usted iba a Madrid,

2verdad?

were you going? (familiar) ' Martha used to go to the theatrc on Mondays. You were going to Madrid, weren't you? 7b see I used to watch television every evenlng.

Saturdays.

Ver Vea |a te|evisin todas |as Veas a tU novia todos |os Alfonso vea a su
ht.1o

tardes. das.

You used to see your girlfriend every

day (familiar).

|os

martes.

Alphonse used to see his Son on

Usted vea |a te|evisin

mucho.

You used to watch television a lot

(polite).

Tuesdays.

(i) Referring to other people by using pronouns - grsTTlTrar refs s (i), (ii)
In Chapter 8 you learned a range of pronouns used to refer to people as the
direct obiect of the verb. These were aS bllows: Me ve.
Te Le Le La La veo.

He sees

zze.

I seeyor; (familiar).

veo. veo. veo. veo.

I see him.

I seeloz (polite, masc.) I seeyoz (polite, fem.).

I see

her.

The indirect object pronouns are used to express 'to me', 'to you', etc. and are
as follows:

Me hab|. Te dr.1e la verdad. Le di cien pesetas Le hab| ayer. Le devolv |os documentos

He spoke o me. I told y,'ir the truth tfamiliar).

I gave 100 pesetas royozz (polite).

aver.

I spoke to him yesterday. I returned the documents to her yesterday.

You will notice that the pronoun 'le' expresses 'to him', 'to her' and 'to you' and that confusion may arise. This rarely happens because the context tells you
which person is being referred to in the sentence: Mire, seora. ZLe gUsta este modelo? Look, madam. Do yozr iike this
model?

If the confusion does arise, it is removed by adding short phrases after the verb:
1QUE

DESEAB?

245

-=
Le di cien pesetas a usted. Le dt.1e mi nombre a |' Le devo|v los pape|es a e||a.
I gave 100 pesetas to !ou. I told him my name.
I llLur I rptrrrnpd tl:,c nqner< tn hpr

If two third person pronouns occur before the verb,

'le' changes to 'se':

Se lo di.

I gave it to him.

The order of the pronouns before the verb is invariably Me las dio. Te lc exp|iqu. Se lo pecli.

indirect direct-

verb:

He gave them to me.

I explained it to you. I asked him for it.

Exercises

trl
( ) \

.T

he key to these exercises begins on

p.

333.

Exercise

Trying to obtain goods seeR Previously

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; try to obtain the red and yellow cotton blouse, seen earlier in the window.

Dependiente: Brrenos das, seora. aQu deseaba?

Usted:

(Say there uas a blouse in the window that ltou liked a lot, but it is not (Salt

there

Dependiente: ;{Jna blusa, seora? iCmo

now.)

was red and ltellow.) Dependiente: Y' 1dnde estaba exactamente? Usted: (Say it was on the right of the window .) Dependiente: A ver si me acuerdo... ;Era de algodn o de lana? Usted: (Say you think it'u)as cotton, and cost 10 000 pesetas.) Dependiente: Ah, s, ahora me acuerdo, seora.

Usted:

era?

Now repeat the exercise, but try to obtain some grey shoes which were on the left of the window and cost 8000 pesetas.

Dependiente: Buenos das. iQu deseaba?

Usted: Usted: Usted:

Dependiente: ;Unos zapatos? 4De qu color eran? Dependiente: Y, 2dnde estaban exactamente?
(Salt on the left of the window.) Dependiente: Y' ;cunto valan? Usted: (Say 8000 Pesetas.)
(Sa9 grey.)

(Sajt there were some shoes in the window that 1ou liked a lot, but now thq) are not there.)

246 MASTERING SPINISH

I r"e'.ise 2 Finding \
buscaba. (Say,

out about a mysteious visitor

Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; find out the basic appearance and name of the visitor and what she wanted.

Recepcionista: ;Seor Robinson! Haba una seorita aqu antes que le

Usted:

Recepcionista: Era bastante alta, tena el pelo rubio y llevaba un traje azul.

a 1.,oung

lady. Ask uhat she was like.)

Usted:

(Ask what her name uas.) 1o s, seor Robinson. No dijo su nombre. Usted: (Ask tuhat she uanted.) Recepcionista: Tampoco lo s.

Recepcionista: No

Exercise tense
not known.

Understanding things described in the past

Read or listen again to Dialogue 3 and then mark the following as true, false or

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

In the Puerta del Sol a shoe shop has replaced a caf. There used to be an old man in the square who sold newspapers. The best cake shop in the city used to be in the square. Robert has never lived in Madrid. He used to have a Spanish girlfriend who lived in the square. She was very tall and dark-haired. Every day Robert came to meet her in the square. They used to visit a caf in the square'

Exercise

Saying what you used to do

Answer the following questions, following the cues given. Example: 2Dnde viva usted? {Madrid) Viva en Madrid.

l 1Dnde viva usted7 (Bi|bao) 2 2Dnde traba.'1aba Usted7 (En una oficina) 3 zA qu hora sa|a de casa por la maana? 4 zA qu hora ||egaba a |a oficina7 {9.l5) 5 2Dnde coma? (Un restaurante) 6 tA qu hora vo|va a casa? (5.30) 7 2Dnde cenaba? (En casa) 8 2Ou beba con |a cena7 (Vino) 9 2Vea Ia te|evisin por |a tarde? {S) 10 ZLe gustaban los programasT (Bastantel
genuine answers.

(8.30}

Now repeat the exercise; imagine what your life was like ten years ago and give

1QUE

DESEABA?

247

--" ( ) Exercise 5 Saying how things have changed \

Examples: Ahora hay una zapatera aqu, pero antes ... {Un caf) Ahora hay una Zapatera aqu, pero antes haba un caf' Ahora Juan es mdico' pero hace seis aos ... (Estudiante) Ahora Juan es mdico' pero hace seis aos era estudiante'

1 2 3 4 5

Ahora Ahora Ahora Ahora Ahora

hay una farmacia en esta calle, pero antes ... (Un restaurante) el espao| es fcil, pero hace tres meses ... (Difci|) estoy libre, pero hace una hora ... (Ocupado) hay un bar aqu, pero hace tres aos ... (Un teatro) soy.;efe, pero hace unos cinco aos ... (Empleado)

( ) \

Exercise

Asking

for peop|e to be described

The following are the answers, but what were the questions? Example: Era ba.;o y gordo. 1Cmo era?

1 2 3 4 5

Era alto y delgado. Se llamaba Juan Gonz|ez. Llevaba un tra,1e gris. ouera su nmero de telfono. Era ing|s.

(l \

Exercise

Referring to people by using pronouns

Answer the following questions in the affirmative. Example: 2Dio usted cien pesetas a Juan? S, |e di cien pesetas.

1 2 3 4 5

2Escribi usted |a carta a su marido? 2Habl Usted en ing|s a| gua? 2Pag usted mi| pesetas aI camarero? 2Vendi usted e| coche a |a chica? 1Mand usted el paquete a su ht.1a?

Exercise 8 Saying that you dont either

Example: No lo comprendo. 2Lo comprende usted? Tampoco lo comprendo

1 2 I 4 5

No No No No No

lo s. 2Lo sabe usted? lo quiero. 2Lo quiere usted? me gusta. ZLe gusta a ustedT lo veo. ilo ve usted? lo oigo. ilo oye usted?

O \

Exercise 24B

Tatking about you youth

Answer the following questions, recalling your schooldays.

MASTERING s-PlNIsI

4
5

qu hora iba usted a |a escuela? 2Cmo iba a |a escue|a? 24 qu hora ||egaba? 2En qu c|ase se aburra7
2,{

6
7

2Haca muchas preguntas a los

profesoresT

2Dormia en claseT

8 9

2Coma en |a escue|a? ZEstudiaba por las tardesT iCompraba cigarrillos en aquellos

2Le gustaba la escuelaT

aos7

t0

Exercise saw him

Saying what someone was doing when you

Example: Lea el peridico

cuando le vi.

ffie $_t
t

W$

Exercise t

Saying that you did it yesterday

Example: 2Devo|vi usted |os documentos a Pablo? S' se |os devolv ayer'

1 2 3 4 5

2Dijo usted la direccin a Maria? 2Exp|ic usted el p|an a A|fredo? ZMostr usted |a carta a Manue|7 2Escribi usted la Carta al seor Posada7 2Dio usted e| nmero de te|fono a mi secretaria?

1QUE

DESEABA?

249

-r-

comprende usted el espaol hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

[d
Mi abuela
Listen on the tape to a 'typical' grandmother talking about her earlier life and then answer the questions in English.
I Z 3

4
5

6
7

til
l 2 3 4 5

At what time did she get up? What did she have for breakfast? $here did she go at 6.30? !7hat did she do there? !7hat did she have for lunch? At what time did she return home? !hat did she have for dinner? At what time did she go to bed? !7ith whom did she share her bed?

A los quince aos

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. You may need to look up one or two key words if you cannot guess their meaning. For example 'Monias' nuns.
$here did the woman live when she was fifteen vears old? Where was the school she attended? Who were the teachers at the school? Name two of her leisure time activities. $7hat else did she have to do?

.comPende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)

lQufantasrng!
history is being interviewed?
Read the questions and answers and decide which 'ghostly' figure from Spanish

iEn qu sig|o vivi

Usted7

1Dnde viva usted? ZEra Usted el rey de Espaa7

En el siglo veinte En el Pardo en Madrid. No, pero era muy importante en na|tira csn,aola.

la

250

MASTERING SPINISH

2Tena usted enemigos7 2Tomaba usted parte en eleccionesT 2ouin era sU mejor amigo? 2Visitaba Usted otros pases?

S' mis peores enemigos eran |os comunistas y los masones. No' porque no haba e|ecciones. La polica secreta.

No' nunca. Tena miedo de una revo|ucin comunista en Espaa

???

2Cmo se l|amaba usted?

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

lVerdad o rnentira?
Mark the following statements true or false.

l En e| ao 850 |os moros ya estaLran en Espaa. 2 En l93 |os rusos tenan |a bomLra atmica. 3 En I 300 los ingleses comian patatas. 4 En l950 Franco era e| .;efe de| Estado espaol. 5 En |54o Madrid era |a capital de Espaa. 6 Gibraltar formaba parte del imperio britnico en 157o. 7 Los ingleses vean mucho la televisin en |os aos treinta. 8 Muchos turistas ing|eses visitaban Espaa en |os aos setenta. 9 Los norteamericanos iban a |a |una en |os aos Cuarenta. 10 Usted hab|aba bien e| espao| hace cinco aos.

1QUE

DESEABA?

251

----

2ou te pasa?
Sickness and health

Dialooues

Diatosue I
Mara Lpez goes to urge her husband to get up but finds he is not
wel1.

Mara: ;Vamos, Juan,

oficina.

levntate! Son las ocho y veinte' Vas a llegar tarde a la

Juan: ;Ay, Mara! No me siento bien. Maria: 4Qu te pasa, cario? Juan: Me duele ia cabeza y creo que tengo fiebre. Mara: S, ests muy plido. iTe duele algo ms?
252 MSI,ERINGsPlNIs-H

Juan.. S, me duele tambin el estmago. Mara: Bueno. Voy a l1amar al mdico en seguida y luego tc voy

a hacer una

Juan:

taza de t.

Mara.. S, no te preocupes.

Gracias. 4Quieres llamar tambin a la oficina?

Diatogue 2
The doctor arrives and begins to examine Juan.

Doctor: .Qu le duele, seor Lpez? Juan: Me duele la cabeza y me duele

Doctor: Vamos
a ver.

el estmago.

Juan: Anoche tom mer1uza y un flan. Doctor: lEra fresca la merluza? Juan: Creo que s. Mi mujer la compr

iQu comi ayer?

ayer en la pescadera dc 1a esquina.

es nada' Qudese en la cama hasta

maana y tome esta medicina. Voy a venir a verle maana por la tardc. Juan: Gracias, doctor.

lEs grave, doctor? Doctor: I.{o se preocupe, seor Lpez. No

Dialosue 3
Too much sun and a change of diet have also taken their toll of the Robinsons. |oan Robinson calls at the chemist's - Ia farmacia - but has to wait as the chemist deals with another customer.

Farmacutico: Buenos das. 4E'n qu puedo servirle? Cliente: lTiene aigo para la tos? Farmacutico: S, esto eS mu}r bueno. Vicks Frmula cuarenta y cuatro.

Joan: Joan:

Cliente: Aqu tiene usted. Gracias. Farmacutico: A usted, seor. Y usted, seora. iQu desea?
Farmacutico: S, seora. Esto
;A1go ms?

Cuatrocientas quince pesetas.

2Tiene algo para el dolor

<1e

garganta?

es excelente. Cuatrocientas cincuenta pesetas.

S' Necesito algo para el dolor de cabeza' 2Qu recomienda usted? FarmacUtico: OKAL eS muy bueno, seclra. Doscientas pesetas el paquete. Joan: Deme un paquete de OI(AL, entonces. Farmacutico: ;Eso es todo? Joan: No. Tambin necesito algo para las quemaduras del sol' FarmaCUtiCo: Esta crema es muv buena, seora. Seiscientas cincuenta

Joan.. Gracias. 4Cunto es todo? Farmacutico: Cuatrocienta' cincuenta, ms doscientas, ms sciscicntas cin-

pesetas el tubo.

Joan: Aqu tiene usted.

cucnta '.. stln mil trcscientas pesetas' seora. Adis. Farmacutico: Adis, seora, y muchas gracias.

:t)TfI] Tp_ DcA)

7q?

La farmacia

Vocabulary
levantarse

sentirse (ie) no me siento bien 2qu te pasa?

la fiebre

IeVntate

pasar

get up (familiar imperative) to feel I don't feel weli to happen, be the matter

to get up

doler {ue) me duele la cabeza

p|ido/a/os/as
e|

what's the matter with you?(familiar) I've got a headache

fever to hurt

e| mdico

llamar

estmago

pale stomach to call

doctor

254

MASTERING [Link]

fresco/a/os/as
la pescaderia grave/s

la taza el t

cup
tea

queoarse qudese

fresh ish shop serious, grave to stay, remain

la cama la medicina la tos el dolor de garganta necesrtar el dolor de cabeza

ta crema

stay (polite imperative) bed

medicine

recomendar {ie) las quemaduras del sol

cough sore throat to need headache to recommend cream tube

sunburn

el tubo

Explanations
(a) Medicql aid
Chemists in Spain usually sell only medicines; for toilctries you go to 'la perfumera'. Flowever, chemists are particularly good at diagnosing and prescribing for many minor illnesses and can oten save the incon'''enience and possible expense of a visit to a doctor. If you require medicine urgently when ttre chemist's is closed, you should look br a notice displayed outside all chemists

which tells you the chemist's shop which is

Doctors in Spain work as they do in most countries, with their consulting hours - horas de consulta indicated outside their surgeries. Most hotels have a doctor on call and, should you require one, you should ask at the reception desk. In addition to the normal doctor's services there are emergency departments centros de urgencia - in most hospitals and roadside first-aid posts puestos de Socorro/puestos primeros auxilios - manned by doctors or other medically qualified staff. Ambulances are less frequent in Spain than in some other countries and it is often a taxi that takes a patient or road-accident victim to hospital. The best advice to give anyone visiting another country is to keep healthy by avoiding excesses of sun, sudden changes in diet or excessive intake of alcohol; insure yourself against illness; and take with you any drugs you need
and are accustomed to.

open

farmacia de guardta.

r4
(b) Saying hous you feel - grarnrnar refs 7 (io) '8 The verb you use is 'sentirse', which changes in the first, second and third
persons singular as follows:

1QUE:rE

PASA?

2s5

2Cmo se Siente usted7

: C Amn a!v, ',v

a cinf<?

How do you feel? (polite) How do you feel? (familiar)

I I I I I feel well.

Me Me Me Me

siento bien. siento mal. siento meJor. siento peor. No me siento bien.

feel ill.
feel better. feel worse. don't feel well.

Another wav to express this is to use the verb 'estar'. as follows:

aCmo est usted7 Estoy bien. Estoy me.1or.

How are you? I'm well. I'm better.

14

(c) Saying ushot hurts - grarn??xar ref

third persons singular and plural: Me duele el l:razc. Me duele la mano. A/le rlr rclc l.a niern3. '.'t.'.''' Me duele la cabeza.

You use the verb 'doler', which behaves in exactly the same way as 'gustar' and actually means'to hurt'. You need to use only two parts of the verb, the My arm hurts. (My arm hurts me.) My hand hurts. My leg hurts. I've got a headache. (My head hurts
me.) If what hurts is plural the form chanses to 'duelen':

Me duelen los o-1os Me duelen los pies.

My eyes hurt My feet hurt.

14

(d) Asking ushat hurts - gra?wnar ref

Ifyou speak to a friend you ask:
2Ou te due|e7
and to a stranger:

W'hat's hurting you?

1ou le duele7

$7hat's hurting you?

(e) Another u)sy of saying ushat hurts

You can also use the verb 'tener' to say what is hurting: Tenna Tengo Tengo Tengo
rlolar r1e cabeza. do|or de estmago. fiebre. un resfriado.
I've I've I've I've got got got got
a headache.

a stomach-ache. a fever.
a cold.

256

[Link]/1

(f) Asking for things in the chenst's _ gra?n?nar ref 7 (ia)

You use another part of the verb 'tener' to ask for, for example, medicines: iTiene algo para el dolor de cabeza? 2Tiene algo para la diarrea?
Or you can use the verb 'necesitar':
I need something for a cough. Necesito algo para la tos. Necesito algo para el dolor de o.1os. I need something for sore eyes. If you wish to know what the chemist recommends you ask:

Have you got something for a headache? Have you got something for diarrhoea?

2ou recomienda usted7

What do vou recommend?

_ gra?Lr?Lar

(g) Asking u:hat is the ntqttey

re 5 (ii)

You can ask what is happening (or the matter) by using the verb 'pasar': 2ou pasa7 What's happening? (S7hat's the matter?) You make this a personal question by adding a pronoun: 2ou te pasa? What's the matter with you? (familiar) 2Ou |e pasa? $7hat's the matter with you? (polite)

(h) Ashing hous other people feel

The same verbs are used, and the person referred to is placed after the verb:
2Cmo se siente su marido7 2Cmo est sU hUo? 2ou |e pasa a su mu.1er? 2ou |e duele a su madre7

How does your husband feel? How is your son? What's the matter with your wi? $7hat's hurting your mother? My son's arm hurts. My grandmother's eyes are hurting. My husband does not feel well.
wife.

You answer such enquiries in a similar fashion: A mi hr.;o le duele el brazo A mi abuela le duelen los o.;os. Mi marido no se siente bien. No le pasa nada a mi muyer.

There's nothing the matter with my

1QUE TE

PASA?

257

(i) Saying that other people ore ill

The verbs used are once again similar, and the person referred to is simply
named:

Mi mujer est enferma' Mi marido tiene dolor de cabeza. Mi ht.;o tiene do|or de estmago.

My wife is ill. My husband has a headache. My son has a stomach-ache.

(j) Ashing if sornething

someone) being fresh:

is

fresh

The adjective 'fresco' is used to express generally the idea of something (or
1Es fresca la merluza? Is the hake fresh?

Trigame agua fresca'

;ou fresco es ese seor| Hace fresco aqu'

Bring me some cool water. $hat a fresh man he is! It's fresh (cool) here.

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on

p.

335.

Exercise

Saying that you are unwell

Play the part of Juan Lpez in the following dialogue; complain that you feel
unwell, have a headache, a fever and a stomach-ache.

Mara: ;Vamos, Juan,

oficina.

levntate! Son las ocho y veinte. Vas a llegar tarde a la

Usted: (Tell Mara you do not feel well') Mara: ;Qu te pasa, cario? Usted: (Say you have a headache and think you haz,te a fe'uer.) Mara: S, ests muy plido. ;Te duele algo ms? Usted: (Sayyes, you haae a stomach-ache as uell.) Mara: Bueno. Voy a llamar al mdico en seguida y luego te voy
taza de t.

a hacer una

Exercise 2 Tlling the docto how you feel

Play the part Juan Lpez in the following dialogue; tell the doctor you have a headache and a stomach-ache and that you ate hake and caramel custard last night.

Doctor: ;Qu le duele, seor Lpez? Usted: (Sa1t yu haz;e a headache and

a stontach-ache.)

258

MASTERING SPINIS/1

Doctor: Vamos a ver. 4Qu comi Usted: (Say last night you ate hake Doctor: lEra fresca la merluza? Usted: (Say you think so.)

ayer? and a caramel custard.)

Exercise

3 Obtaining

medicine at the chemistS

a

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; obtain medicines for
sore throat, headache and sunburn.

Farmacutico: Y usted, seora. ;Qu desea?

Usted: Usted:

Farmacutico: S, seora. [Link] iAlgo ms?

(Ask i he has something;t'or a sore throat.) es excelente. Cuatrocientas cincuenta pesetas.

(Sag yes you need something for a headache. IIrhat does he recornmend?) Farmacutico: OKAL es muy bueno, seora. Doscientas pesetas el paquete' Usted: (Sa1t giue me a packet of OI{AL, then.) Farmacutico: ;Eso es todo? Usted: (Say no. You also need something;t'or sunbum.)

Farmacutico: Esta crema eS muy buena, seora. Seiscientas cincuenta

Usted:

pesetas ei tubo. (Sa1t thank 1ou. Ask how much it all is.)

Exercise 4 Saying what hurts - t

Tell the doctor what is hurtins vou.
E'xamples: 2ou le due|e?

Me duele la cabeza Me duelen los pies.

2Ou le due|e7

l 2 3 4 5

2ou |e due|e? 2au le duele?

1au |e duele?
2au |e duele7 zOu |e due|e?
QUTE

PASA?

259

-Exercise

Saying what hurts

-2

Tell the doctor what is hurting you. Example: Tengo dolor de cabeza.

t-, \

Exercise

obtaining

medicines at the chemistS.

Ask for medicines. Example: Headache. iTiene algo para el dolor de cabezaT

I Sore throat. 2 A cold. 3 Diarrhoea. 4 A cough. 5 Stomach-ache.

Exercise 7 Obtaining medicines at the chemistS - 2

Example: Cough. Necesito algo para la tos

1 Diarrhoea. 2 Sore feet. 3 Sunburn. 4 A cold. 5 Stomach-ache.

Exercise 8 Explaining how you feel

Example: 2Cmo se siente7 (Well.) Me siento bien.

l 2 3 4 5

Il1.

Better.
W'orse.

Well.

Not well.
MASTERING S?IN1S1

260

E
V
Exercise

9 Asking

how others feel

E'xample: Friend. 2Cmo est su amigo?

1 2 3 4 5

Wife.
Son. Daughter.

Husband.
Father.

Exercise

Saying how othes feel

Example: Friend/well. Mi amigo se siente bien.

1 2 3 4 5

Wife/ill. Sobetter.
Daughter/worse.

Husband/not well.
Father/well.

Exercise l t

Giving Pecise detai|s .

Example: Son/stomach-ache. A mi hil'o le duele el estmago.

1 2 3 4 5

\X/ife/headache.

Husband/sore throat.

Grandmother/sorefeet. Daughter/painfulleg. Friend/painful eyes.

t

tJ \

Exercise

Giving precise details - 2

Example: Grandmother/headache. Mi abuela tiene dolor de cabeza.

I 2 3 4

Son/stomach-ache. Friend/fever.

Husband/cold.
Wife/headache.

1QUE TE

PASA?

261

-_

.comPende usted el espaol habla do?

(Listening exercises)

[4
En lq consultq del ntdiccl

E
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Listen to the tape of people talking to the doctor and indicate on rhe pin-people what is wrons with them.

En lg consulta del tndico

Listen to the tapc and select the crtrrect answer from the ones supplied. The man fcels: (a) ghastll (b) slightly ill 1c; laint He has: (a) a headache and a sore arm (b) a headache and a Sore

thrnqt .]

What has he been doing fiequently? (You wiil need to look up some key words such as 'estornudar'.) (a) being sick (b) feeling faint (c) sneezing He does not know what 'la fiebre del heno' is. It is: (a) hayver (b) influenza (c) sunburn He is advised to take an aspirin: (a) every two hours (b) with every meal (c) every four hours He should see the doctor: (a) within a tw days (b) the next day (c) if he does not improve
MASTERINGS'PINIS1

bad cough and a fever He began to f-eel ill: (a) this morning (b) yc:tcrda mtl1ping (ct yesterday evening Does an1'thing else hurt him? (a) no (b) his shoulder (la espalda) (c) his arm (el brazo)

262

;Comprende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

lSocorro!

You are in Spain. Look at this .Te|fonos ti|es' from a national daily newspaper and decide which number you would ring for the following emergencies.

Madrid (91): Cruz Roja:

Urgencias

mdicas:

04. Ciudad Universitaria (Urg. S. S.): 408 55 30. Barcelona (93): Bellvitge 336 34 5 l. V. Hebrn:

237 39 00. LaPaz: 734 26 00. Cardiologa: 243 78

48. Barcelona:(93) 308 99

Avis: Madnd: (91) 247 Z0

Alquiler de

coches:

542 l0 00. Barcelona: (93) 237 37 37. Ital: Madrid:

(91) 401 75 10. Bmcelona: (93) 201 21 99. Mensajeros: Madrid: (91) 214 38 01. Barcelona:

99. Hertz: Madrid:

(91)

Prdidas: Madrid (9l). Vi. sa: 435 24 45. Diners: 247 40 00. American Express: 459 90 09. Eurocard: 435 24 45.

Vallecas-Medioda: 203 l l
48.

Servicios mdicos: Am. bulmcias mmicipales: 588

Madrid

cional: 09l. Polica Mmicipal: 092. Guardia Civil

Seguridad: Polica Nauu

oe lralco: 4)t /t
Bomberos: 080.

2|1 94 54. Hospital Cini. co: 323 14 14. Sant Pau: 235 55 55. Bilbao (94): R. S. Cruces: 409 3l 00. Valencia (96): La Fe: 340

(93) 423 0 90. Bilbao: (9) 366 27 54. Sevilla: (9s4) 62 s2 rl.

44 00. Centro de Quemados de la Cru Roja: 244 52 07.

(94) 433 76 08. Valencia:

6011. Zaragoza (976 ): Residencia Miguel Servet: 35 57 00. Clnico:

337 17 00.

(91) 247 82 00. Bilbao:

(94) 443 52 00. Barcelona: (93) 300 38 11. Valencia: (96) 370 32 04. Zaragoza:

Radio Taxi:

Madrid:

Intoxicaciones: 262 04 20. oxigenoteapia: 7u 33 76' [Link]: 261 75 05. Centro de drogadictos: 430

la:227 19 [Link]: 205 43 00. Buenavista: 401 70 Chamartn: 4|5 96 12' Chamber:4l9 88 07. En. trevas: 785 90 14. Esta.
cin de Atocha: 22.7 46 27 . Estacin de Chamartn:
01. La Estrella: 772 29 7

Comisarias: Arganzue-

33. Centro: 521 04 11.

13' Carabanchel: 41

89

Casas de Socorro: Arganzuela-Villaverde: 269

60 77.

Guardia Civil: 458 6 Ayuda

Trficoz 742

Tele-Ruta:742 12

07 92. Ayuda del Automo-

26. 13. en carretera: 455

3|

12.

(976) 42 42 42. Sevilla: (9s) 4s8 00 00.

(94) 424 43 00. Barcelona: (93) 325 43 04. Valencia: (96) 351 97 37. Zuagoza:

4647632,471 07 5l y 462 84 19. Centro: 2Zl 00 25.

l4 63. Carabanchel-Latina:

315 9l 16. FuencanalBarrio del Filar 730 26

Latina: 247
Los Cmenes: 711 00 15. Medioda: 468 53 53. Retiro-

vilista, S. A. (ADA): 900 100 899-519 33 00. Citroen Asistencia: 519 13 14. FiaLancia Assistan. ce: 519 16 16. Europ assistance: 5977125.

(91)

Inforiberia:

4ll

25 45. Bilbao:

Madrid:

Chamartn-Teturrr: 279 12 23. El Pardo: '736 07 54. Latina'.265 08 27. Medio-

79 16.

l.

207 00 26.

dia:791 27 44. Moncloa:

Retiro-

(976) 32 62 62. Sevilla:

(9s) 422 89 0t.

Moratalz: 420 03 56. Salamanca: 255 52 18. San

Tarjetas de crdito:

Blas-Horlaleza: 206 33 06. Universidad: 446 26 75.

Cortes: 429 09 94. San Blas: 206 58 40' Tetun: 315 54 06. Universidad: 241 15 29. Usera: 217 29 45. Vallecas: 477 54 96.

t
4
5

You You You You You

need a taxi in Bilbao. wish to report a theft to the Municipal Police. wish to enquire about a friend who is in the Clinic tnZaragoza.

have lost your VISA card. want to hire a car from HERTZ in Madrid.

QUE TE

PASA?

263

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

Can you unscramble thc parts of the body set in bold? Take care - the article 'el, la, los, las' is included. (You may need to use the Supplementary Vocabulary List No. 14.)

I Me duele mucho acfezaba. 2 A Paco le duelen jolosos. 3 Me duelen zasrolbos. 4 A mi hr.1o le duele dolede. 5 lTe duelen nosafmas? Me due|e mucho locaba' 7 A Marta le duelen sislope. 8 A mi hr.1a le duelen sernipsala. 9 Me duele bastante zalrain. I0 2Le duele areloja?

264 MASTERINGsPlNISI'

lSocoro!
Emergencies

Dialooues

Dialogue

joan Robinson has her handbag snatched from her whilst she is shopping in the GranVa in Madrid. She goes to the police station la comisara.
qu puedo ayudarla? Estaba de compras en la Gran Va y un joven me rob. Guardia: 1Qu rob exactamente, seora? Joan: Cogi mi bolso y se fue corriendo.

Joan:

Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora' ;En

Joan; Era bastante bajo, tena ei pelo moreno muy largo y llevaba una chaqueta negra y pantalones grises. Guardia: ;Qu haba en el bolso? Joan: Muchas cosas. Mi pasaporte, mi dinero, mis cheques de viajero ...

Guardia: iCmo

era el joven?

Joan: Hace media hora o as. Guardia: Entonces usted es la seora Robinson, iverdad? Joan' S, soy la seora Robinson pero, ;cmo 1o sabe usted? Guardia: El joven entr en un banco de la Gran Va y trat de cambiar sus cheques de viajero. El guardia que estaba de servicio en el banco le cogi y le trajo aqu. Y aqu est su bolso, seora.
Joan:
Guardia; De nada, seora. Tiene usted mucha
son tan tontos como ese.

Guardia. ;Cundo

pas todo esto?

Muchisimasgracias.

Suerte. Todos los ladrones no

Dialogue 2
It's a bad day for the Robinson. Mr Robinson hurries across a road and is knocked down by a car. A crowd gathers. Transente: 1Dios mo! ;Est muerto? ;SOCORRO/ 265

"{

,,ri.'

e
i$;n;$ "

;s

rB ,:ff

# ;*

$.i

s ffiM
{;

wse 'ir" d

..:.''

La Gran Va

266 tllSTElllNG

S17,VL\'H

& I
ffi

Ct*fiolalspairoh
4lJ/r]n'd ld.} 1l.0[i

La ambulancia

Mu-;er: No, no est muerto' pero est herido. ;Dnde le duele, seor? Robert: 1Ay, la pierna! Me duele horriblemente 1a pierna. Transente: 4E'st rota ia pierna? Robert; No, no est rota porque la puedo mover' pero me duele mucho. Mu.1er: ;Llame la ambulancia! No Se preocupe, Seor, no ser nada serio. ;Adnde iba cuando le atropell el coche? Robert' Iba al Hotel Bristol. ;Dnde est el conductor del coche? Transente: El coche no par, seor. Mu.1er: il'e espera alguien en el Hotel Bristol?

Robert: S. Mi mujer. iCri66 se llama su mu jer? Rol]ert: La seora Robinson. Mujer: No se preocupe, seor. Voy a llamar pital. Ah' ah viene la ambulancia'
Mu..ler:

al hotel y decirle que vaya

a1

hos-

Diatosue 3
a few days they can continue their holiday and go to the airport. Mara and Juan Lpez are there to See them off.
Al1 the problems are finally resolved. Joan Robinson has her handbag back and the hospital finds that Mr Robinson has only extensive bruising to the leg. After

Juan'

Mara: ;A qu hora sale el vuelo para Sevilla? Robert; Sale a las docc y veinte.
;Cunto tiempo vas
a pasar en Sevilla?

Robert: Unos quince das. Tengo que volver a mi trabajo pronto. Maria: Pero va a venir a Vernos otra vez e] ao oue viene. ;vcrdad?
/.S(Xl()RR( ).t 267

Joan: Claro. lPero no vais vosotros Mara: Espero que si.

venir

a vernos a

York?

A|tavoz: E'l vuelo de Iberia nmero |21 para Sevilla va a salir dentro de breves momentos. Seores pasajeros, a la puerta l2, por favor. Robert: E.s nuestro vuelo. Adis, Juan. Adis, Mara, y gracias por todo. Joan: Adis' Mara. Adis' Juan.

Juan:

Robert: Eso

Recuerdos a vuestros hijos, y hasta el ao que viene. es. Hasta el ao oue viene.

Vocabulary
ayuaar 2en qu puedo ayudar|e/|a? estar de compras estaba de compras |a Gran Va
roDar
I

el guardia la comisara

rse se fue corriendo

el pelo

[Link] /- /^- /-^-i^ dl u>/ d)

to help how can I help you? to be shopping I was shopping main shopping street in Madrid to rob, steal to go away he ran off (went away running) small, low

policeman police station

moreno/a/os/as largo/a/os/as
|nC n2nt2|^n(

o asl tratar de

trat de cambiar

estar de servicio estaba de servicio traer

muchsimas gracias tener suerte (ie) tiene usted suerte el |adrn Ian ... como

le traJo

trousers or about that to try to he tried to change to be on duty he was on duty to bring he brought him very many thanks to be lucky

hair dark (of hair) long

you're lucky thief

my God! to be dead

tonto/a/os/as iDios mo| estar muerto /a/os/as .est mUerto7 estar herido/a/os/as est herido la pierna horriblemente

so ... as, as ... as

stupid, foolish

he's injured

is he dead? to be injured ieg

horribly

268 MASTERINGSPINIS'I

Zest rota |a pierna7 la ambulancia

estar rotola/os/as

mover

(ue)

preocuparse no se preocupe
tr

to move ambulance
to worry

to be broken is his leg broken?

atropellar el conductor parar alguien que vaya el vuelo quince das

nos

2adnde iba?

to go where were you going? to run over to stop someone that she should go

don't worry

driver

espero que si dentro de breves momentos gracias por todo nuestro/a/os/as

recuerooS a el pasa,lero,/la pasa,lera

flight a fortnight us (direct object pronoun)

shortly passenger thanks for everything
I hope so

our

give my regards to

Explanations
(a) Saying ushot zaas going on zt;hen sontething else happened gl a?nnxar ref 18 (ii)
What was going on is expressed by the imperfect tense and what happened by
the preterite:
II/hat was going on?

Estaba de compras ..'y [Link] me rob. I was shopping ... and a young man robbed me. 2Adnde iba ... cuando |e atropel| e| coche7 $here were you going '.. when the car knocked you down?

...

IY/hat happened?

(b) An irregular imperfect - gran?t?xar ref 18 (ii)

The verb 'ir' (to go) is irregular in the imperfect:
lba al cine. 2Adnde ibas7 Juan iba al mercado. Usted se iba a la cama
I was going to the cinema. Where were you going? (familiar) John was going to the market. You were going tct bed (polite).

;SOCORRO/ 269

.of and you need By making the verb reflexive you add the idea of .away' or
not state where the person is going:

(c) The aerb ,ir' (to go) used in a reflexiae o,,n

Voy al cine.
Me voy.

Eljoven fue al banco El joven se fue.

El

I'm going to the cinema. I'm off. The young man went to the bank. The young man went away. The young man ran off (went away
running).

By adding 'corriendo'you say how he went away:

joven se fue corriendo

(d) An irregular preterite - gra?rl??tsr ref 16

The verb 'traer' (to bring) is irregular in the preterite:
[Link] muchas cosas a Espaa

(it:)

I brought many things to Spain.

ZoU traJiste7
Paco
tra.1o

a su hermano.

\7hat did you bring? Frank brought his brother.

(e) Expressing the absolute supeilatirse - grq?7r?vrar ref 2 (iii)

This form does not exist in English and the nearest English gets to it is to say
'very, very + adjective': Esa chica es guapa. Esa chica es muy guapa. Esa chica es guapsima.

That girl is pretty. That girl is very pretty. That girl is very, very pretty. Very many thanks.

'-isimo/a/os/as'is added to the adiective and agrees with the noun: Muchsimas gracias

ref 2 (z:i)

(fl Cornparing things

oJ equal size,

price, etc. -

gra??x??Lar

You olace 'tan' before the adiective and 'como' after it:
Soy tan alto como usted. Este es tan caro como el otro

I'm as tall as you. This one is as expensive as the other

one.

(g) Saying thqt sornething or grarrtrnar ref 8

an action

so?rleo??.e

is dead, T,rounded' etc. -

You use the verb 'estar' because you are describing a state which results from

- that is, someone dies and

is then dead:

Mi abuelo est muerto'

My grandfather is dead.

270

MASTERING S-PINISH

Mi marido est herido

Este re|oj est roto.

My husband is injured. This watch is broken.

(h) Referring (i), (ii)

to

yourselaes using pronou?ts - gra?wtlar refs 5

'Nos' is the pronoun used to express 'us':

Nos mira. Nos da dinero. Viene a He looks at us. He gives us money.
a verb:

Pronouns are placed on the end of an infinitive of

vernos.

He's comins to see us.

to

(i) Saying that sarnething belongs

'Nuestro' is used to express 'our': Nuestra casa est en M|aga. Nuestros h1os estn en Londres

you - gratn?tlar ref 2

(iz:)

Our house is in Malaga. Our children are in London.

(j) Saying'next'
You simply add 'que viene' after the expression of time:
La semana que viene.
E|

ao que viene.

Next week. Next year.

(k)

T:he

irnperfect continuous tense - gra??L?ttar ref 19

In spoken Spanish the imperfect continuous is often used to say what you were doing. It is formed from the imperfect of 'estar' and the present participle. For '-ar' verbs this ends in '-ando' and for other verbs in '-iendo':

A las doce estaba [Link]. 2ou estabas haciendo a |as tres?

At

12 o'clock I was working. $hat were you doing at 3 o'clock?

Juan estaba escribiendo una carta. John was writing a letter. What were you reading? (polite) 2ou estaba usted leyendo7 This form of the verb is not used with the verb 'ir' (to go):
2Adnde iba

(familiar)

usted?

Where were you going?

lSOCORRO!

271

ref 8

(l) Other adjectiaes u:hich require the uerb 'ester' - gra??r?nar

Estoy aburrido. Mi mu.;er est Cansada. 2Est abierto e| bar? Las tiendas estn Cerradas. Le estoy muy agradecido. 4Est usted casada? Creo que est bebido Mi ht1o est dormido. ZEst escrito en ing|s7 Est prohibido fumar' Est permitido baiIar' Mi marido est Sentado en terraza.
|: cnn: e<t fra
E| caf est caliente.

Some of these adjectives have been used in earlier chapters but many are new:

I'm bored.

My wife is tired.
Is the bar open? The shops are shut. I'm very grateful to you.

Are you married? I think he's drunk.

My son is asleep.

la

Is it written in English? Smoking is prohibited. Dancing is allowed.

My husband is sitting on the terrace. The soup is cold. The coffee is hot. I am iil. The taxi is free. He is always sad.

Estoy enfermo. E| taxi est |ibre' Siempre est triste.

Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p. 337.

Exercise I

Saying what happened

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; say you were shopping when a young man snatched your handbag and ran off.

Guardia' Buenas tardes, seora. 1En qu puedo ayudarla? Usted: (Sa1l 1lou were shopping in the Gran Va and a 1oung Guardia. ;Qu rob exactamente, seora? Usted: (Sa1t he grabbed your handbag and ran away.)

rnan robbed 1ou.)

a) \

Exercise 2 Describing the assailant Guarda' ;Cmo era el joven? Usted; (Sa9 he was;t'airl1t short, had uery long dark
jacket and grey tousers.)

hair, and was wearing a black

272 MAST'ERING SPANISH

Exercise 3 Describing what was stolen

Play the part of Joan Robinson; describe the contents of the handbag, and say
when it happened.

Guardia: ;Qu haba en el bolso? Usted: (Say many things' Your passpo|' your Guardia: ;Cuando pas todo esto? Usted: (Sa1t about haf an hour ago.)

monej)

your tratleller,s

cheques ...)

Exercise 4 Saying what has happened to you

Play the part of Robert Robinson; say that your leg hurts badly but is not
broken because you can move it.

[Link]: 4Dnde le duele, seor?

Transente: iEst rota la pierna?

Usted: Usted:

(Say your leg. Your leg hurts horibly.)

(Say no, it's not broken because you can

mo"L)e

it, but it hurts you a lot.)

Exercise

Have you understood?

Read or listen again to Dialogue 3 and then ansv,/er the following questions in English.

I 2 3 4 5

When does the Robinson's flight leave? How long will they stay in Seville?
\)ill they return to Spain next year? \X/hat does Mara hope to do? \When is the flight going to leave?

o \

Exercise

Saying where you wee going

E'xample: 2Adnde iba usted7 (Cinema) |ba al cine'

1 2 3 4 5

2Adnde iba usted7 (Poiice Station) 2Adnde ibra usted7 (Hotel) 2Adnde iba usted? (Market) 2Adnde iba usted7 (Discotheque) ,Adnde iba usted7 (Factory)

Exercise

Saying that something or someone is vey, vey ...

|a

Example: 2Es barata

comida? S' es baratsima'

I 2 3 4 5

2Es tonto ese hombreT 2Es guapa su mu1er? 2Es caro ese hotel?
2Es fcil el

1Es simptica esa seora?

espaol?

ISOCORRO/ 273

Exercise 8 Mal<ing comparisons

[Link]: EI espao|,z1'ci|,zel ingls. EI espaoI es tan fciI como el lng|s'

I 2 3 4 5

E| vino/bueno,/e|

Toledo/interesante/Segovla. Este broche/caroleste collar. Este hombre,/tonto/mi marido.

El Hote| Bristo|/baratole| Hote| Esoaa.

coac.

( ) Exercise 9 Saying where things \

1 iDnde 2 2Dnde 3 1Dnde 4 1Dnde 5 1Dnde
etc,

are

Example: 2Dnde est su hotel? (Near the centre) Nuestro hote| est cerca del centro.
estn sus ma|etas? (In the room) est su h1a7 (At home) estn sus padres7 (In the hotel) est sU coche? (In the Street) est sU casa7 (In the north of England)

Exercise

Saying you will do it next week, month, yea,

Example: 2Cundo va usted a visitar Segovia7 (Next week) Voy a visitar Segovia la semana que viene.

1 2 3 4 5

2Cundo 1Cundo 2Cundo 1Cundo 2Cundo

va usted a volver a lng|aterra7 (Next month) Va Usted a a|qui|ar el coche7 (Next Tuesday) va usted a Comprar los regalos? (Next Friday) va usted a marcharse de Madrid? (Next year) va usted a visitar Londres7 (Next summer)

Exercise I t Saying what you were doing

Example: 1ou estaba Usted haciendo ayer a las tres de la tarde? Estaba trabaiando.

274 MASTERING [Link]

l 2 j 4 5

2ou estaba usted haciendo ayer 2au estaba usted haciendo ayer 2ou estaL}a usted haciendo ayer iou estaba Usted haciendo ayer 2ou estaba usted haciendo ayer
|

por |a maana? por la tarde? por la noche? a las doceT a las dos de la tarde?

e) Exercise
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Saying how things are

ht.;o

E'xample: Soinjured' Mi Daughter/married. Watch/broken. $Vifelbored. Shops/open.

est herido'

Husband/drunk.
Smoking/forbidden.

Dancing/allowed.
Bar/closed.

This guidebooVwritten in Spanish. This lady/very grateful to you.

4comprende usted el espaol hab|ado?

(Listening exercises)

Perdnerne
Listen to the tape and write down where the soeaker was and what he or she

E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

was doing.

En lo cornisora
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. You may need to look up a few key words, such as 'ruidosa' and 'casco'.
$7hat has the woman had stolen?

Where did this happen? Name three things which have been stolen. Why does the loss of her house keys concern her particularly?

How were the thieves travelling? How does she describe their means of transport? Whv could she not see their faces?

TsocoRRo/

275

ecomprende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)

Sucesos
Read these news items and answer the questions in English.

Herradura

Dos jvenes roban 700.000 pesetas en el Banco Central de

Dos jvenes robaron en la maana de ayer, a mano armada, el Banco Central de Henadura, de donde se llevanrn 700.000 pesetas. El robo ocuriti sobre las nueve y rnedia de ]a maana,

cuando dos jverres entaron en el banccl. cogieron dos bolsas de dinero y salieron cor riendo hacia la Calle Canalejas donde les
Mona.
I

esperaba otra pcrsona con un coche. Los tres salieron a toda velocidad hacia la Pr-rnta de la

\Who carried out the attack?

2
3

How much did they steal? When exactly did it happen?

Were the robbers armed? How did they make their escape?

4
5

Dos heridos graves en la colisin de dos coches cerca de Cllar

secuencia de una coIisin frontal entre dos coches cerca dc la localidad granadina de
Dos personas resultaron heridas graves a con

Cllar. Sobre las cuatro de la tarde de ayer el coche de matrcula AL'3865 0. entr en colisin con el coche de matrcula A-2111 CB, en el kilmetro 139 de la cirrretera N'342, dentro del trrnino municipal de Cllar. Los
heridos ueron trasladados al Hospita] General de Baza.

6 7 8 9 l0

How many people were injured and how many cars were involved? What sort of collision was it? When did it happen? Where exactly did the accident happen? Where were the iniured taken?

276 MASTERING SPIN/SI

Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)

Can you change one letter of the word to form another word according to the clue given? The first two are done for you.
De primero voy a tomar ... SOPA Por |a maana me pongo |a . ' ' Roberto no tiene la pierna ... sta es una bonita f|or de Verano. Una'ganga'es una . muy barata. En Espaa vivo en Una .'. Valen ochocientas pesetas ... uno.
1Ou horror| No me 9Usta ...

En casa me gusta sentarme en el ... SOFA

Me gusta la piscina porque ... muy bien.

;SOCORRO/ 277

Revision and self-assessment test tor Chapters | 6-20

Administer the test and mark it in the manner outlined for earlier tests pages 66-68).

(see

Section t
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. Ifvou have the cassette do nol read the interview.

Intertsieus

Hombre: 2Cundo volviste

de Barcelona? Mu.,1er: Ayer por la noche' Cog el avin de las dieciocho horas y llegu aqu a las ocho. Hombre; ll'o pasaste bien en Barcelona?

Mujer: S, lo pas magnficamente bien. Visit la Catedral de la

Sagrada

Familia y compr muchos regalos en las Ramblas. Hombre: 2Qucompraste? Mu1er: Pues vamos a ver. Compr unos pendientes muy bonitos para mi hija, un collar para mi madre y esto para ti. Hombre: Para m. .Qu es?
gracias.

Mu.;er: Pues abre el paquete y vers' Hombre: ;Una chaqueta de piel! ;Qu regalo ms magnfico! Muchsimas
Mu..1er: 4Por qu no me invitas a tomar algo en aquel bar? FIace mucho calor y tengo sed. Hombre: 1Hombre! Claro que s.

Questions
Now write down the answers to the following questions.

I What does the man want to know? 2 !hen did she? 3 How did she travel? 4 At what time did she arrive? 5 Did she enjoy herselP
27B
MASTERING sPl,\'1s1

7 8

l0

What did she do? What did she buy for her daughter? For whom is the necklace? What has she bought for the man? What does she suggest that he do to show his appreciation?

Section 2
@) Beins itt
Write down what you would say to explain that you feel unwell and have headache and a stomach-ache. Also say you think you are running a fever.
a

Hombre: iCmo se siente? Usted: (Say you do not feel well.) Hombre: ll'e duele algo? Usted: (Say you hazte a headache.) Hombre: ;Le duele algo ms? Usted: (Say 9ou haae a stomach-ache.) Hombre: lTiene fiebre? Usted: (Say yes, yoLt think you haue a feaer.)
the chernist's

'rg @) At

\rite down what you would say to the chemist to ask if he had something for a

headache and say you also need something for a sore throat. Then ask what he recommends for sunburn.

Farmacutico; 4Qu desea?

Usted:

(Ask i he has something for a headache,) Farmacutico: Esto es excelente. ,.Algo ms? Usted: (Say yes, ylou need something or a sore throat.) Farmacutico: Esto es muy bueno. iAlgo ms? Usted: (Ask what he recommends for sunburu.)

\iq ft) Asking

about a stranger

Write down the questions you would ask to find out what your mysterious

female visitor was like, what she was wearing, what she was called and what she wanted.

\9

@) Tolkins about your youth

Imagine you are twelve years old, and write down answers to the following
questions.

2Dnde viva usted?

REVISION ND sELF-AssEssMENr

rEs'r

279

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0

1Cmo se |lamaba su meJor amigo (amiga)? 2Fumaba ustedT 2Sa|a usted con chicas (chicos)? 2ou le gustaba beber? 2Vea la televisin por las tardes? 2Trabalaba mucho en el instituto? 2Tena usted una bicic|eta7 zEstudiabra usted el espaol en el instituto7 2ou compraba con su dinero7

Mark scheme
o
o
Section 1 2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20) Secton 2 (a) Section 2 (b)
3 marks per correct sentence (maximum 12)

.
o o

4 marks per correct sentence (maximum 12)

Section 2 (c) 3 marks per correct question (maximum l2)

Section 2 (d) 2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20)

Maximum total 7

S.U - assessnxettt grades

36 60 satisfactory Under 36 need for careful revision
Over

60

excellent

Answers
Section
1

I When the woman returned from Barcelona. 2 Last night. 3 By plane. 4 At8pm. 5 Yes, she enjoyed herself a lot. 6 She visited the Cathedral of the Holy Family
Ramblas.

and went shopping

the

2BO MASTERING SPIN1.SI1

7 8

9 10

Some earrings. For her mother. A leather jacket. She suggests that he invite her to have a drink in a nearby bar.

Section 2
(a) Being

ill

No me siento bien. Me duele la cabeza. Me due|e el estmago.

( rran
^| Yvr

|a ra^nc fiebre' lLilY\

(b) At the chernist's

2Tiene algo para el dolor de cabeza? S, necesito a|go para e| do|or de garganta.

iou recomienda

usted para |as quemaduras de| so|?

(c) Asking about a stranger

2Cmo era7 1ou |levaba? iCmo se |lamaba7 2Ou quera7

(d) Talking about your youth

l Viva en (+ name of town). 2 Mi me;or (amiga) se llamaba (+ name). 3 S, fumaba. No' no fumaba. 4 si, sala con chicas (chicos). No, no sa|a Con chicas {chicos) 5 Me gustaba beber |eche/t/caf/CocaCo|a/cerveza, etc. s' vea |a te|evisin por las tardes. No, no vea |a te|evisin por 7 8 9 l0

|as

tardes. S, traba|aba mucho en el instituto. No. no trabaJaba mucho en e| instituto. s' tena una bicicleta' No, no tena una bicic|eta. s' estudiaba e| espao| en el instituto. No, no estudiaba e| espaol en e| instituto. Compraba libros/cigarrillos/ropa/discos, etc. con mi dinero

REVISION AND SELF-ASSESSMENT

TEST

281

Grammatical terms used

Noun

Usually the name of a person, thng or place. .Beer', .waiter' and .town' are all nounsin English, iust as'cerveza'r'camarero'and'ciudad'are in Spanish. The names of things you feel or experience are also nouns. 'Cold','fear'and'happiness' are all nouns in English' just as .fro', .miedo' and .a|egra' are in Spanish.

Masculine and ferninine All nouns in Spanish are either masculine or feminine and you should learn the

gender (whether it is masculine or feminine) of the noun as you learn the noun itself. Masculine and feminine do not mean male and female. For examole. 'la persona' (the person) can refer to both men and women.

Singular and plural A singular noun points out that it

rs one place, thing, person, etc. and a plural noun refers to more than one thing, person or place.

Articles: the definite article - el, la, los,

The definite article in English is 'the' and in Spanish there are four such articles
las - because Spanish nouns may be masculine or feminine, and the article changes in the plural.

Articles: the indefinite article

are often omitted.

The indefinite article in English is 'a' or 'an' in the singular and 'some' in the plural. In Spanish there are four - un, una. unos. unas but'unos' and'unas'

Adjectives An adjective is
man.

a word which describes a noun. 'The man' is a noun (man) with definite article (the). 'The fat man'has the adjective'fat', which describes the

Subiect, obiect, verb The subject of a sentence is the person or thing performing the action or being
described. F'or example:

282

MASTERING S'PINIS1

John ate the apple.

'John' is the subject.

My husband

is very old.

'My husband' is the subject.

The person or thing which has the action performed on it is the object of the
sentence:

John ate the apple. 'the apple' is the object.

The word or words which express the action are called the verb:
John ate the apple.

'ate' is the verb. The verb can also tell you how or what the subiect is. For
example:

I feelbungry. She /oos very tired.

We are the best.

Verb endings Each verb in Spanish has six endings, three in the singular and three in the
plural. These endings tell you who performs the action of the verb and correspond to the following English forms:

I you he/she we you they

Hab|o espao|. Hab|an espao|.

first person singular second person singular third person singular first person plural second Person Plural third Person Plural

In Spanish it is nearly always the verb ending which tells you who performed
the action, and this is why verb endings are so important: I speak Spanish.

They speak Spanish.

Tense The tense of a verb tells you when the activity happens, happened or will happen. Each verb has several tenses! shown by the verb ending:
I buy bread (present tense). I bought bread (past tense).

Compro pan. Compr pan'

Regular verbs A regular verb follows

a regular pattern which, once learned, can be applied to all regular verbs of the same type. The form of a verb found in a dictionary is the infinitive. In English we express this by the form 'to go', 'to smoke" 'to

GRAMMATICAL TERA/IS USED 283

eat') etc. This form in Spanish ends in '-r'. There are three types of regular verbs: those that end in '-ar', those that end in '-er' and those that end in '-ir'.

For example:

comprar (to buy) regular '-ar'verb comer (to eat) - regular '-er' verb subir (to go up) - regular '-ir' verb

frregular vertrs Pronouns

sub ject:

These verbs do not follow any regular pattern and must be learned individually.

A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. Subject pronouns replace

The waiter brings the coffee. He brings the coffee.

the

and object pronouns replace the object:

The waiter brings The waiter brings

the coffee.
rr.

Adverbs

These tell you more about the action of the verb, explaining how or when or
where it happens:
I bought
rt

The man spoke quickly.

yesterday.

Prepositions A preposition is a word used for showing in what relation one thing stands to another thing. For example:
Madrid is near Toledo. Before me in the queue. Accents - the acute In pronouncing Spanish correctly you stress a certain syllable of each word and the rules explaining this are on page xiii. An accent is put on a word which breaks the rules and it shows where the stress fal\s. An accent does not affect the sound of the letter it is oaer, only the stress. For example:
Vamos a |a 1Fbrica. Est en |a zaoatera.

Accents - the tilde An .n'with a tilde () is pronounced like the .ni' in .onion'. Thus .nio' (boy).
(See page xii.)

284 MASTERING S'PINIS/

Supplementary vocabulary lists

Contents
I 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 l0 II 12 |3 L4
/
The family Describing people, places and things

!7ork Daily routine Leisure activities Food and drink

285 286 286 287

287

The seasons At the hotel At the post ofice Parts ofthe body: sickness and health

I ravel Shops and shopping Finding out where things are Ordinal numbers

288 288 289 289 290 290 290 290 291

The family
family
grandfather grandparents to get married sister
e|

la familia el abuelo los abuelos

casarSe

la hermana el hermano los hermanos el matrimonio la muchacha el muchacho nacer

|a

brother
rrrdrrrLu ---*;^l

brothers and sisters girl boy

LUUIJTL ^^,,^t^

la novia el novio el padre los padres la prima el primo los primos

soltero,/a Ia ta
e| to

nio

young boy father parents cousins

girlfriend, fiance boyfriend, ianc cousin (female) cousin (ma1e)

unmarried

nia

young girl

to be born

Ios tos

aunt uncle uncles and aunts

SUPPLEMENT'ARY VOCABULARY LIS'TS 285

2 Describing people, places and thi

atto

amarillo ancho
azul

color naran-1a convencido correcto corto de algodn de cristal de lana delgado de madera de ni|n cle oro de plata distinto divertido dulce

caro clsico

blanco

ba-1o

white

tall, high yellow wide, broad blue low, little

estrecho estropeado
eXtrao falso

narrow, tight
strange false fat

ruined, broken

light (of colour)

classic orange

ofwool slim of wood of nylon of gold

of silver different rmrrqins
sweet

correct short of cotton of glass

convinced

lleno mooerno natural normal

NUCVO

Incorrecto targo

gordo igual

natural new

incorrect long full modern

equal, similar

normal dark (of colour)

dangerous

oscuro peligroso
nco
roJo

rubio
seco 5eflo

red

rich

blonde, fairhaired dry serious empty

green

vacio ver0e

el director ra empresa
la fbrica el hombre de
^^^^-i^r

encontrar

(ue)

to ind factory businessman

boss to telephone

director, manager firm, business

la industria
el -1efe

rE9uL ru)

industry

llamar por telfono

traba.;ar en/de el traba.;ador

el negocio el obrero Ia profesin el supermercado el taller la tienda

business

profession supermarket workshop

workman

el traba;o

workman work

shop to work aas

286 MASTERING SPINISII

4 Daily routine
acostarse (ue) abrir andar ayudar beber cambiar cenar cerrar (ie) charlar comprar comprender contestar
deprisa
to to to to to to to to to to to to go to bed

walk
help

open

change have dinner

drink

hablar hacer falta hacer una pregunra invitar

lavarse limpiarse

to speak, talk to need to ask a question to invite to get washed to wash, clean to call to need to forget to spend, pass (of time) to ask soon, early to receive
late

desayunar despacio despertarse (ie) dormir (ue) echar una carta

entrar

quickly slowly

close, shut chat buy understand answer

llamar
pasar

olvidar

necesitar

to have breakfast to wake up to sleep to post a letter to enter, go into

preguntar pronto tarde temprano tener sueo vialar

visitar recibir

early to be sleepy to travel

to visit

estudiar

to study

5 Leisure activities
acompaar aprender
ro accompany

ellla artista el asiento bailar el baile baarse la capital

el la el el el castillo catedral

to learn artist
seat

disfrutar ganar

|a excursin |a exposicin

to enloy excursion to win

exhibition
expenses to go camping

to dance dance to bathe, swim capital

castle

los gastos

hacer camping hacer una visita el lugar e| magnetfono et mar |a montaa montar a caballo
la iglesia |a invitacin

to make a visit

church invitation
sea

e|

concierto club cuadro da libre

cathedral concert club

place tape-recorder

picture

day off

mountain

to ride a horse

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABUL4RY LIST'S 287

la msica

nadar
la el el el el

muslc

er programa

obra
pais

to swim work (artistic)

palacio palace parque park partido match (sport) perder to lose pintar to parnt la piscina swimming-pool
la playa practrcar
to participate in (of sport) press) newspapers

country

la radio el recado reservar la reunin la revista sacar entraoas sacar fotos el sitio de inters

programme radio to resen'e meeting magazine to get tickets (cinema, etc.) to take photographs intere sting place to have a day off record-player to play (of music) to sunbathe
message

beach

la prensa

tener un da |ibre el tocadiscos tocar tomar el sol

6 Food and
la bebida el bocadillo

drinl<
drink sandwich
er pan

el n:stpl

bread to order, ask br pear a piece pepper price

t1p

costar (ue,
frito

to cost

incluido
el _.1ugo

de fruta las legumbres

el litro los macarrones
Ia naranla

fried included

pedir

cake

ruit juice
vegetables
a litre macaronl

la pieza la pimienta er precro la propina servir

la sal

ra pera

{i)

no incluido
la paella

not included paella (rice dish)

orange

poco hecho

(i)

to servc

salt

medium rare

7 Travel
el aeropuerto la agencia de
via..1es

alrport

travel agency to look for sieeping-car to check, examine

IO CTOSS

et este

DUSCaT

el coche cama

comprobar
CTUZAT

(ue)

|a

servicio

estacin de

service station

explicar a gente el horario |a informacin lento llenar el mapa

la maleta
et metro

to explain people timetable slow to ill map

east

information
suitcase the underground

underground train,

ZBB MASTERING SPINISH

las Navidades e oeste

el ninrhazn

pasado maana

west

Christmas tomorrow

the olr ofter

ios Pirineos la provincia |a regin sacar billetes

puncture Pyrenees province region to obtain tickets

el semforo la Semana Santa el sur el,/la turista ViaJar en avin, el vuelo

.-^{C^ li-LrLtdlrll rrlrL

Holy $7eek
tourist
f^ r-^-,^l LU LldvLl

south

l*-, ^:uj arrt

tren, etc.

DATCO, COCNC,

boat, car, train,

la zona azul

flight

restricted parking
znnp /lit,-rqllrr

blue zone)

8 Shops and shoppin

los almacenes
el anuncio

la blusa los calcetines la camisa la carniceria la cartera las cerillas

la chaqueta la diferencia la falda
|a frutera

department stores announcement blouse

socks

butcher's shop
briefcase matches
jacket

shirt

las medias la nota los pantalones un par la reba-1a el relo_1 la relo.1era la ropa la ropa interior
|a

stockings note trousers

perfumera

pair

perfume shop watch watchmaker's underwear hat sult

reductions, sale clothing

el impermeable

difference skirt fruit-shop mackintosh

el sombrero el traJe

9 Finding out whee things ae

aba..1o

arriba

down (of street)

t^ L]

el Ayuntamiento
;^L^t^ L]UclU

delante de detrs de difcilmente

parres

enlpor todas

Town Hall under in front of behind with difficulty

everywhere

rrn /nfctft]

en ninguna parte nowhere

fciImente mal

mostrar (uel sobre todo derecho

badly

easily

to show, indicate on straight ahead

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY LISTS 289

O Ordinal numbers
first second third fourth fifth
sexto sixth eighth
seventh

sptimo octavo noveno dcimo Note that 'primero' and 'tercero' lose their final nouns el primer da.

primero segundo tercero cuarto quinto

tenth before masculine singular

ninth

The seasons
sprlng summer el otoo el invierno

el verano

la pnmavera

aulumn winter

2 At the hotel
balcony hall-porter

el ascensor e| ba|cn
pl r an< prie

lift

devolver (ue) echar una carta

la escalera

to return, give back to post a letter stairs

1ardn el patio la puerta

e|

garden patio, courtyard

IO repeat

repetir {i) urgenre

door

urgent

3 At the post office

registered postal order poste restante la palabra el telegrama

certificado el giro postal la lista de correos

word

telegram

29o MASTERING sPlN1s1

4 Parts of the body: sickness and health

tablet to cut oneself finger
toe teeth

la boca el comprimido cortarse el dedo el dedo del pie los dientes la enfermedad el esparadrapo estar muerto
la espalda

el accidente

mouth

accident

la mueca el muslo la nariz la operacin la ore.1a la pastilla

wrist
nose

thigh operation

illness

back sticking-plaster wound to hurt oneself

to die
to be dead to stay in bed

ponerse enfermo quemarse la rodilla romper

la salud el tobillo
la venda, el venda.;e

pill

ear

to become ill to burn oneself to break health ankle bandage

knee

guardar cama la herida

herirse (ie)

morir (ue)

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY'1STS 291

l(ey to the exercises

Buenos das. 4Cmo est usted?

Po|ica: Buenos das. Su pasaporte' por favor. Usted: Aqu tiene usted. Po|ica: Usted es ingls, iverdad? Usted: Eso es. Po|ica: Y' ;quin es esta seora? Usted: staes mi mujer, Joan Robinson. Po|ica: 4Cunto tiempo van ustedes a estar en Espaa? Usted: Tres semanas. Polica: Muy bien. Gracias. Adis. Usted: Adis.

Exercise

t Arriving in Spain

Exercise 2 At the hotel

Receocionista: Buenos das. Usted: Buenos das. Soy el seor/la seora/seorita (+ name). 4Tiene usted
una habitacin reservada en mi nombre? se escribe su nombre? Usted: (Name spelled in Spanish.) Recepcionista: Una habitacin con bao por cinco das, iverdad?

Recepcionista: iCmo

Usted: S, eso
la llave.

Recepcionista: La habitacin nmero doce en el primer piso. Aqu tiene usted

es'

Usted: Muchas

Receocionista: Austed.

gracias.

292 MASTERINGSPVIS'I

Exercise 3 Greeting people E| seor Lpez: Mucho gusto' seor (seora, Usted: El gusto es mio. E| seor Lpez: sta es mi mujer, Mara.
Usted: Encantado (Encantada).

seorita).

1 5' soy ing|s (ing|esa). No, no soy ingls {inglesa)' 2 Soy el seor (+ name). Soy |a seora (+ name). Soy |a seorita (+ name). 3 (Name spelled in Spanish') 4 Cuatro semanas. 5 S, soy francs (francesa). No, no soy francs (francesa).
Usted es ingls, 2verdad? 2 sta es su mujer, 2verdad? } Estos Son sus h1os, 4verdad7 4 Usted est de vacaciones, 2verdad? 5 Su nombre es Juan en espao|, 2verdad?

Exercise

Ta|king about youself

Exercise

5 Asking

questions

Exercise
4 iEs

l iEs sta su habitacin? 2

sta su mu.Jer7

Possessions
5

2Es sta su l|ave7 2Es ste su nombre?

3 iEs

ste su ht.;o?

1 No' no soy ir|ands {ir|andesa)' 2 No, no soy de York. 3 No, no soy e| seor Brown (|a seora Brown)' 4 No, no soy arquitecto. 5 No, no soy
espaol (espaola).

Exercise

Denying that something is true

Exercise 8 lntroducing people to each other 1 iPuedo presentarle a mi hilo? 2 iPuedo presentarle a mi amigo? 3 2Puedo presentarle al seor Brown7 4 2Puedo presentar|e a |a seora
Lpez? 5 1Puedo presentar|e a mi marido?

Exercise 9 Number Pactice I Tres y tres son seis. 2 Cinco y seis son once. J Cuatro y nueve son trece. 4 Siete y ocho son quince. 5 Diez y dos son doce. 6 Nueve y siete son diecisis. 7 ocho y seis son Catorce. 8 Nueve y ocho son diecisiete. 9 Diez y ocho son dieciocho. l0 Diez y diez son veinte.
t O Asking where things and people are 1 2Dnde est la habitacin? 2 2Dnde est |a l|ave7 3 2Dnde est su mu.;er? 4 2Dnde est 5U ht'1o? 5 1Dnde est e| taxi?

Exercise

KEY TO EXERCISES 293

r r

Listening exerc?ses
Ana Criado; Paco Delgado

E E

Velzquez; Camilo Jos Cela; Seve Ballesteros.

13;

; 12; 9;

17 ;

3; 5; 15:. 7; 20.

I A (double) room with bath. 2 Yes, 4 His passport.

on the third

floor. 3 For

six days.

tE

Rea ding exercises

9 days. 3 days.

IA

single room with a bath for 7

days. 2 A double room with a shower for 3 Aroomwith abathfor2 weeks. 4 Asingleroomwith abathfor

I Room No. 3 Room No.

13 on the 2nd floor. 16 on the 3rd floor.

2 Room No. 3 on the lst floor. 4 Room No. 20 on the 4th floor.

td
1

Pu zzles
cuatro
3 catorce = l4;4 trece = l3; 5 veinte = 20; 9;8 cinco = 5;9 diecisiete = 17; 10 diez =

6 quince

2Cmo se l|ama usted 7 Me |lamo Roberto.

294 MASTERING sPlN1.'1

2Tiene usted famifia?

t Talking about yourself Lpez: iEs usted de York, Juana? Mara Usted: S, soy de York. Maria Lpez: Y' ;cmo es la ciudad de York? Usted: Pues, es bastante grande. Tiene unos cien mil Mara Lpez: ;Qu interesante! 1Tiene usted hijos? Usted: S, tengo dos, un hijo y una hija.
Exercise

habitantes.

Mara Lpez: ;Cmo se llaman? Usted: El hijo se llama David. Tiene veintin aos y es estudiante en la universidad de Manchester. La hija se llama Barbara, tiene veinticinco aos y est casada. Su marido es mdico en el hospital de York. Mara Lpez: Entonces usted eS abuela, 4verdad?

Usted: No, todava no. Mi hija no tiene hijos. Mara Lpez: ;Trabaja usted? Usted: S, trabajo' Soy profesora de matemticas

en un instituto de York.

Exercise 2 Giving information about yourself Juan Lpez: iCul es su direccin en York, Roberto? Usted: Sesenta y cuatro Bootham B-o-o-t-h-a-m - Road, York, Juan Lpez: Y sta es su oficina, 1verdad? Usted: S, eso es. Juan Lpez: 4Tiene telfono? Usted: S, el nmero de telfono es 0904 389256.

Inglaterra.

Juan Lpez: Gracias. 4Y su telfono aqu en Madrid? Usted: Un momento. [Link] en el Hotel Bristol. El telfono es [Link], y habitacin es el nmero doce. Juan Lpez: Muchas gracias.

|a

1false 2false 3true 4true 5true 6false Tfalse 8false 9 true 10 false 1l true 12 false 13 false 14 true 15 true
Exercise 4 Describing things 1 Es grande. 2 Es fci|, 3 Es difcil. 4 Exercise
5
Es

Exercise

True or false?

interesante. 5 Es blanca.
Es ing|s.

Giving PeoPle3 nationality 1 Es alemana. 2 Es portuguesa. 3 Es ita|iano. 4

Es esoaola.

KEY TO EXERCISE.S 295

Diecisiete y veintinueve son cuarenta y seis. 2 Veintiuno y doce son treinta y tres. I Sesenta y cuatro y treinta y uno son noventa y cinco. 4 Treinta y siete y doce son cuarenta y nueve. 5 Cincuenta y dos y diecisiete son sesenta y nueve. 6 Veinticinco y veintisiete son cincuenta y dos. 7 Cuarenta y cinco y treinta y siete son ochenta y dos. 8 Treinta y cinco y treinta y ocho son setenta y tres. 9 Cincuenta y siete y sesenta y tres son ciento veinte. 10 Cuarenta V cinco V cincuenta y cinco son cien.

Exercise

Number practice

aos.

1 S, tengo tres ht.,1as' 2 S, tengo Una casa. 3 S, tengo telfono en mi casa. 4 Mi casa tiene (+ number) habitaciones. 5 S, tengo Cuarenta

Exercise

Possessions

,1 S' soy emp|eado {emp|eada) de oficina. No, no soy emp|eado {emp|eada) de oficina' 5 S' traba.1o en una oficina. No, no [Link] en Una oficina. 6 Tengo (+ number) hr.1os. No tengo hr.1os. 7 Se llaman (+ names). 8 Son (+ prossion). 9 Mi mu'1er traba.'1a. Mi mu.1er no trabaJa. l0 Trabaja en

Exercise 8 Tall<ing about youself 1 Me ||amo (+ name)' 2 Tengo ( + number) aos. 3

Soy de (+ town).

una oficlna/una f brica/Un instituto,/Un hosoita|' etc'

IE

Listening exercises
Paco has one sister and two brothers. The sister is called Mara and is 20 years old. The brothers are called Alberto, who is 19 and Juan who is 15. Ana has two brothers. Her elder brother is tall and slim with short hair and is fairly intelligent. The younger brother is short and fat.

two. 2 A son and a daughter. 3 Twenty and twenty-two old. 4 At the University. 5 The girl is studying languages and the boy, law. 6 Gonzalo and Piedad. 7 (c) They are very Spanish names'Me parecen UnoS nombres muy . muy espao|es'_ They seem to me names
1 Yes, she has
years

verv ... verv Soanish.

t4
1d;

Re ading exercises

3c; 4f:'

296 MASTERING

S'PIN1S1

1 33. 2 Talr\ and slim, quite pretty and very intelligent. 3 Near the Puerta del So1, Madrid. 4 No. 5 She has fair hair and blue eyes. 6 In the office of an import/export company.

tE

Puzzl
fami|ia; hermana; abue|o; to; prima; hermano; nia; Soltero.

E
1

5 primo (cousin).

abuelo (grandfather);2 tio (uncle); 3 padres (parents); 4 hermana (sister);

zCmo es su ciudad?

el seor Robinson. |sabe|: Buenos das, seor Robinson. 1Cmo est usted? Usted: Muy bien, gracias. Tengo una cita con el seor Lpez a las diez. ;Est? lsabel: S, est, pero est ocupado. Est con un cliente. 4Quiere sentarse un

Exercise

Usted: Buenos das. Soy

Introducing yourself

Usted:

momento? Gracias.

Usted: Eso es. |sabe|: 4Dnde est York? ;Est cerca de Londres? Usted: No. E'st muy lejos de Londres en el norte de Inglaterra. lsabel: Y, 1cmo es York? Es una ciudad pequea, 1verdad? Usted: No, es bastante grande y muy antigua.

Exercise 2 Talking about your town lsabel: Usted es de York. :verdad?

Exercise

Empleado: Vamos a ver. Un bolso, gverdad? Usted: Eso es. Emp|eado: iCmo es el bolso, grande o pequeo? Usted: Pues, es bastante grande. Emp|eado: Y, ;de qu es? 4De piel o de plstico? KEY
TO

Reclaiming lost ProPety

EXERCIS-ES' 297

Usted: Es de piel. Emp|eado: 4De qu color es? Usted: Marrn y negro. Emp|eado: Un bolso bastante grande marrn y negro y de piel. 4Es ste su

Usted: S, creo

bolso?

que s. Gracias.

4 Describing the contents of your handbag Empleado: ;Qu hay en el bolso? Usted: Hay un pasaporte' un pasaporte ingls a nombre de Robinson' unos
Exercise
Emp|eado: iDe qu banco son los cheques? Usted: Del Banco Midland. Despus hay un pauelo, perfume ' EmpIeado: 1Algo ms? Usted: S' hay unos guantes. Emp|eado: ;De qu color son los guantes?
cheques de viajero.
.
'

Usted:

Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso, seora.

Son grises ... y de piel.

Usted: Muchas gracias. Empleado: De nada, seora. Adis. Usted: Adis.

S, soy ingls (ing|esa). No, no soy ing|s (inglesa), soy (+ nationality)' 2 S. soy profesor (profesora). No' no soy profesor (profesora)' soy + job. 3 Mi casa es grande. Mi casa es pequea' Mi casa es bastante / muy / grande / pequea. 4 Mi ciudad es antigua / moderna' 5 La comida de mi casa es / no es excelente.

Exercise

Describin9 Pemanerrt Gonditions

Mi casa est/no est cerca de| centro delaciudad. 2 Mi oficina {taller, fbrica) est,/no est Cerca de mi casa. 3 Mi ciudad est cercal|e'.1os de Londres. 4 Mi ciudad est,ho est en e| norte. 5 Mi ciudad est,ho est en la costa.

Exercise

Saying where things are

Exercise

Estoy bien, gracias. 2 S, estoy/ No' no estoy ocupado (ocupada). 3 S' estoy/ No' no estoy enfermo (enferma} . 4 s, estoy/ No' no estoy casado casada)' 5 Mi oficina est/ no est cerrada'

Describin9 temPoary conditions

1 2Dnde est su casa? 2 2De qu es7 3 iCmo es? 4 2Hay muchos turistas en Sevilla7 5 zDe qu color son7 6 2Cmo est usted? 7 2Est casado su hijo? 8 ZEst cerrado e| banco? 9 iEs secretaria su htla? 10 1Es ste su marido? (2Es sta su mu.1er7)

Exercise

8 Forming questions

298 MASTERING SPIN/SH

Empleado: Un bolso, lverdad? Usted: Eso es. Empleado: 1Cmo es? Usted: Es pequeo. Emp|eado: 4De qu color es? Usted: Es negro. Emp|eado: aDe qu es? Usted: Es de plstico. Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso' ;verdad? Usted: Gracias.

Exercise

Reclaiming lost property

interesante. 4 S, es muy grande. 5 s' est bastante b|en.

Exercise Io Modiying adjectives l S, es muy simptico. 2 S' est bastante |ejos. 3 Listening exercises

S, es bastante

6 Campo de

1 Toledo;

2 Picos de Europa; 3 Bada1oz;4 San Sebastin;5 Caste||n;

Criptana.

A handbag.

1 Granada. 2 In the south of Spain. 3 (a) It is very nice with many fountains and streets to stroll along. 4 Madrid. 5 You could give any one/two of these: She is from Madrid, it is the capital of Spain and very lively in the evenings (por la noche es muy divertido).

Reading exercises 1 70 km;2 58l 000; 3 No;4 Cathedral, El Greco's

Blanca Synagogue; 5 10.30 1.00 and 3.30-7.00;6 300 pesetas; 7 A famous artist from the 16th century; 8 Near El Greco's House.

FIouse, Santa Mara la

Pu zzles
I true; 2 false; 3 true; 4 false; 5 false; 6 true.

KEY TO EXERCISES 299

1 Barcelona; 2 Sevilla; 3

Bilbao; 4 Valencia; 5 Mlaga

2Dnde est su ciudad?

Exercise I Finding out if a certain place exists | 2Hay un banco por aqu? 2 2Hay una oficina de turismo por aqu? 3 1Hay una farmacia por aqu? 4 2Hay un estanco por aqu? 5 2Hay
hote| por aqu7

un

1 2Por dnde se va al banco7 2 1Por dnde se Va a |a oficina de turismo7 3 2Por dnde 5e Va a |a farmacia? 4 1Por dnde se va a| estanco7 5 2Por dnde se va a| hotel?

Exercise

2 Finding out how to get there

Exercise
1 2Est

3 Finding
e|

farmacia? 4

|e.1os

2Est |ejos el

banco7 2

out if you ae nea the place

estanco? 5 2Est
2Est |e.1os la oficina de turismo7 |ejos e| hote|?

2Est le'1os |a

1 Go along the street, take the second street on the left and the tourist office is in that street on the right. 2 Take t}le fourth street on the left, go as far as the end and the hotel is beside the Montesol Cafeteria. 3 Go along rhis street, take the third street on the right and the tourist office is opposite the Central Bank. 4 Go along this street, take the first street on the right and then the second on the left. But don't go now; the chemist's is closed until 4 o'clock. 5 The Prncipe Hotel is in Segovia Street. Look; go along this street, take the third street on the right and go as far as the end. The hotel is beside the Cine So1. 1 2Est abierta la panadera? 2 2Est ablerta |a tienda de recuerdos? 3 2Est abierto e| banco7 4 2Est abierta |a f armacia? 5 2Est abierto
estancoT

Exercise

4 Following

instructions

Exercise

5 Finding

out if the place is open

e|

Exercise
5

Son las Son las

las

dos.

Te||ing the time tres. 2 Son las doce. 3 Son las siete. 4 Son las cinco. once. 6 Es la una. 7 Son las cuatro. 8 Son las seis. 9
10 Son las ocho.

Son

Exercise

sol. 5

1 Hace buen tiempo. 2 Hacefro' 3 Hace

Hace mucho calor.

Talking about the weather

ma|

tiempo. 4 Hace mucho

3OO MASTERING SPINISI1

se vende el vinoT

Exercise 8 Finding out where things are sold 1 aDnde se vende e| tabaco7 2 2Dnde se venden |os bolsos7 3 2Dnde se venden |os guantes? 4 2Dnde se vende el caf? 5 iDnde Exercise 9 Saying you have or do a lot l S' tengo muchos amigos. 2 S, tengo muchos C|ientes' 3 S, traba'1o mucho' 4 S' tengo muchas amigas' 5 S' hay muchas personas en mi

familia.

1 Nunca hace mucho so| en mi regin. 2 Nunca l|ueve mucho en mi ciudad. 3 Nunca estoy enfermo (enferma). 4 Nunca estoy ocupado (ocupada). 5 Nunca hay muchos turistas en mi ciudad.

Exercise

Saying it never happens

Listening exercises
1 Farmacia Alonso; 2 Piscina municipal; 3 Cine 5ol; 4 Banco Vizcaya;

5 Mercado.

Good weather throughout Spain except the East and the Pyrenees. In the South it is very fine and very hot. In the Pyrenees and the East it is cold. In the Madrid area it is verv ine. very sunnv with temperatures in excess of
30 desrees.

l true;

2 true

(ca|iente hot); 3 do not know; 4 true; 5 true;

false.

[4

Rea ding exercises

I Sports pavilion and marketl 2 Post Office; 3 Town Hall and tourist sights.

No.

2.

KEY TO EXERCISES

3OI

r
1

Pu zzles
Seville, very hot; Santiago, very bad weather; Madrid, cold; Valencia, sunny;

Bilbao, raining.

false; 2 true; 3 false; 4 true; 5 false; 6 true.

zEn qu trabaja usted?

Exercise t Saying whee you |ive and wok Juan: Usted vive en York, lverdad, Juana?
Juan: Pero usted trabaja en York, lno? Usted: S, trabajo en un instituto en el centro
Usted: No. Vivo
en un pueblo pequeo cerca de York. de la ciudad.

Exercise 2 Saying whee you have |unch Juan: ;Come usted en casa o en un restaurante de la ciudad? Usted: Como en el instituto con los alumnos. Juan: Y, lcome usted bien o mal?
Usted: Pues bastante mal. oero la comida
es barata.

Exercise 3 Saying at what time you finish work and what you do afterwards Juan: 1A qu hora termina su trabajo?
compras. Entonces voy a casa y hago la cena. Juan: Ya veo que trabaja usted mucho, Juana.

Usted: Termino a las cuatro menos cuarto. Salgo del instituto y voy

de

Exercise 4 Answering guestions I Vivo en una ciudad grande. 2 Trabalo en una oficina. 3 Como en bar. 4 Termino a las cinco. 5 Llego a casa a las seis menos cuarto.
1 Salgo de casa a |as ocho y cuarto. 2 Vengo en coche. 3 S, tengo un coche pequeo. 4 Empiezo a las nueve' 5 S' hago mucho traba-1o.

un

Exercise

5 Answering

moe questions

Exercise

3 Trescientas 5 Ouinientas

Doscientas noventa pesetas.

Number Practice 2 Cuatrocientas ochenta y cinco pesetas. sesenta pesetas. 4 Ochocientas cincuenta y cinco pesetas. veinte oesetas. 6 Seiscientas treinta oesetas. 7 Setecientas

302 MASTERING SPIN/SI

cuarenta y cinco pesetas. 8 Novecientas setenta pesetas. tas pesetas. 10 Diez mil Pesetas.

Mil quinien-

Exercise 7 Saying at what time things begin, end' arive' leave, etc, 1 Salea lascincoymedia. 2 Llega alassieteycuarto. 3 Empiezaalas ocho. 4 Termina a las once y media. 5 Sale a las nueve y cuarto'

Exercise

1 Salgo de casa a las (+ time). 2 Coyo el tren/autobs/coche' 3 L|ego a |as (+ time). 4 Trabalo en una oficina/fbrica/tienda/un hospita|,ztal|erl instituto, etc' 5 Traba'1o (number) horas por da. 6 Como en casalen un restaurante,/bar/una cafetera. No como. 7 Como bien/ma|/bastante bien/bastante mal. 8 Termino a las (+ time). 9 VoylNo voy de compras todos |os das. 10 Yo hago|a cena. Mi mujer/Mi marido hace la cena. 1 2A qu hora ||ega e| tren? 2 2A qu hora sale usted de casa? 3 2Est cerrado el banco? 4 2Cuntos empleados hay en esta fbrica? 5 2Cmo VieneUsted a|aoficina? 6 2{ay unafarmaciaporaqu? 7 iAquhora empieza |a sesin7 8 2Tiene usted coche? 9 2au coge para ir a |a oficina? l0 iDnde vive?

Talking about your own dai|y outine

Exercise

Forming questions

Listening exerc?ses
7.30; 7.45; 8.05; 8.15,
I

1.00; 11.20; 1.00; 2-5.30; 6.30.

1 At 7.00 am. 2 At7.45 am. 3 At 8.45 or 9 am sharp. 4 Half anhour. 5 Between 1.00 and 1.30 pm. 6 He would like an hour for lunch.

Reading exercises
1 In a small flat in the Calle de Montera. 2 A cat called Montse. 3 She walks and it takes about 10 minutes. 4 8.2O. 5 In a cafeteria in the Puerta del Sol. 6 5.30. 7 Very quiet but somewhat boring.

[4

Puzzles

l doscientos; 2 veintids; 3 doce; 4 sesenta; 5 setecientos; 6 diecisis; 7 setenta; 8 quinientos; 9 tres; 10 novecientos; 1l trescientos.
KEY TO [Link] 303

If; 2a; 3i; 4b; 5c; 6j; 7 d; 8e; 9g; 10h.

zo'u hace usted en sus atos libres?

Exercise I Getting what you want Juan: 1Quiere usted caf, Juana? Usted: Gracias. Juan: lSolo o con leche? Usted: Con leche, por favor. Juan: lQuiere azucar?
Usted: No,
gracias.

Exercise

Robert: Ya veo que tiene usted muchos libros' Mara. Usted: S, soy muy aficionada a los libros. Por las tardes, cuando no tengo que trabajar, me siento aqu, escucho uno de mis discos favoritos y leo mis Robert: ;Qu clase de libros prefiere usted? Usted: Prefiero novelas romnticas. il'ee usted mucho, Roberto? Robert: No, prefiero los deportes.
libros.

Saying what you do in your leisure time

Exercise 3 Saying what leisure facilities exist Mara: .Hay teatros en York, Roberto? Usted: S, hay dos teatros y dos cines. Mara: ;Va usted al teatro?
Usted: No voy mucho porque las entradas

son bastante caras) pero voy al cine de vez en cuando si hav una pelcula buena.

1 2ouiere Usted Un coac? 2 2auiere usted un cigarri||o? 3 2ouiere usted un ans7 4 2ouiere usted una cerveza? 5 2ouiere Usted Un Vaso de vinoT

Exercise

4 Offering something to someone

usted ir de compras? escuchar un disco?

Exercise 5 Asking if someone wishes to do something I 2Ouiere ustedJugar al tenisT 2 iauiere usted dar un paseoT 3 2Ouiere

2auiere Usted ver

|a

te|evisin? 5 2ouiere usted

3o4 MASTERING

sPlN1.S1

Exercise

1 No' prefiero un caf con |eche, 2 No, prefiero un ans. 3 No' prefiero Una cerveza. 4 No' prefiero un caf' 5 No, prefiero un caf Cortado.

Expressing a prefeence for something

Exercise

prefiero leer

1 No, prefiero dar un paseo.

JUgar al tenis.

Expressing a preference for doing something 2 No. prefiero ir de compras. 3 No. un libro. 4 No, orefiero ir a la discoteca. 5 No. orefiero

Exercise

1 Soy aficionado (aficionada) a los libros. 2 Soy aficionado (aficionada) a los discos. 3 Soy aficionado (aficionada) al cine. 4 Soy aficionado {aficionada) aI teatro. 5 Soy aficionado {aficionada) a |a televisin'

8 9

Expressing a keenness for something

Exercise

' No, noJuego a| go|f . 3 S' voy a| cine. No' no voy a| cine' 4 s' doy un paseo por el campo cuando hace buen tiempo. No, no doy un paseo por e| campo cuando hace buen tiempo. 5 S, escucho |a radio. No, no escucho |a radio' 6 S, 1uego al tenis. No' no juego a| tenis. 7 S. |eo muchos libros. No. no leo muchos |ibros. 8 S' s.;ugar aI ftbo|. No, no s 1ugar a| ftbo|. 9 Prefiero e| cine/el teatro. 10 S, soy aficionado (aficionada) a |a te|evisin. No, no soy aficionado (aficionada) a |a te|evisin.
a| go|f

S, |eo nove|as romnticas' No, no |eo nove|as

Do you or don't you?

romnticas. 2

S, 1uego

es ms fuerte que el vino. 2 El ingls es ms fci| que e| espao|. El espaol es ms fci| que el ingls' 3 Londres es ms grande que Madrid. 4 F-l teatro es ms Caro que e| cine. El cine es ms caro que teatro. 5 La cerveza es ms barata oue e| vino'

Exercise l El coac

What3 your opinion?

e|

Exercise t t Add the verb 1 Veo la te|evisin. 2 Voy al cine. 3 Juego a| go|f . 4 Doy Un paseo |a ciudad' 5 Leo nove|as romnticas. 6 Soy aficionado (aficionada) a| tenis. 7 Leo muchos IiLrros. 8 Escucho discos de msica clsica. 9 Juego al tenis. 10 S.1ugar al ftbol.

por

[4

Liste ntng exeTcLses

Boy: He dislikes TV and prefers sports. In the summer he plays tennis with his sister, and in winter he plays football in a youth club team. Girl: She is not keen on sport and goes to the theatre and the cinema with her friends. She is keen on modern theatre and romantic films. She also soes to a
disco every SaLurday evening.

KEYTOEXERCISES

305

I Reading and sports. 2 Tennis. 3 (a) el boxeo (boxing) and (e) las carreras de caballos (horse racing). 4 She reads books or goes to the cinema. 5 Tennis. 6 He likes reading and going ro the cinema.

r4

Res ding exerce'ses

Sands. 5 Change yourself into the victim. 6 Anyone. 7 Classical, majestic, exciting. 8 A Very Distant Horizon. 9 Fury and passion. 10 You must be more than 18 years old.
13 years of age to see the

I The

Grass

Cutter. 2

film. 4

It changed him into a

$(hite

god. 3 You

must be over

I Great adventures of the cinema. The Tiger of Esnapur. 2 Home-made videos. 3 At 15.00 and 20.55. 4 A currenr affairs news programme. 5 Football reports, in particular about Andalusian teams.

trl

Pu zzles
1 Maria, tenis; 2 Pedro, ftbol; 3 Carolina, novelas;

4Pedro,

qo|f

TELEVISION

2au desea?

Dependienta: Buenos das, seora. aQu desea? Usted: Quisiera ver algunos vestidos de verano, por favor. Dependienta: Muy bien, seora. 4Qu talla, por favor? Usted: {Jna treinta y ocho. Dependienta: Bien. 4De qu color quiere el vestido? Usted: Azul, creo, o quizs verde. Dependienta: 4ste, por ejemplo?

Exercise

Saying what you want

306

MASTERING sPlN1s1

Exercise 2 Asking to see othe goods and estab|ishing what things are made of
Dependienta: ;Este, por ejemplo? Usted: Es muy bonito, pero' .no tiene usted otro ms claro? Dependienta: Ms claro. Vamos a ver. 4Este, entonces? Usted: ;Ah, s! se es muy bonito. ;De qu es? iDe niln? Dependienta: No, seora. Es de algodn. 4Quiere probrselo?

3 Buying shoes Dependienta: Buenos das, seor. iQu desea? Usted: Quisiera ver algunos zapatos, por favor. Dependienta: Muy bien, seor. ;Qu nmero gasta usted? Usted: Un cuarenta y dos. Dependienta: Y, ;de qu color? Usted: Marrones.
Exercise Exercise 4 Asking if certain goods are available 1 2Tiene usted vestidos de verano? 2 [Link] usted bolsos de pielT 3 4Tiene usted vestidos de niln? 4 2Tiene usted Zapatos de ante?
5 2Tiene usted b|usas de a|godn?

Exercise

1 Ouiero un caf con |eche' 2 ouiero un |itro de leche. 3 ouiero una bote||a de vino. 4 Ouiero Un coac. 5 ouiero Una cerveza.
I Oursiera ver algunos zapatos de piel. 2 Ouisiera ver algunos vestidos de a|godn. 3 ouisiera ver a|gunas fa|das de a|godn. 4 Ouisiera ver a|gunos guantes de pie|. 5 ouisiera ver a|gunas b|usas de algodn.

Saying what you want

Exercise

Saying what you would |ike to see

Exercise

cuarenta V

Una treinta y

ocho. 2 Una cuarenta. 3 dos. 5 Una treinta v seis.

7 Giving the size

Una cincuenta

4 Una

Exercise 8 Understanding the price I It costs 4200 pesetas. 2 They cost 5600 pesetas. 3 4 It costs 6900 pesetas. 5 They cost 200 pesetas. Exercise

It costs 1700 pesetas.

2No tiene usted otros ms oscuros7 2 2No tiene usted otra ms pequea7 3 2No tiene Usted otro ms c|aro? 4 2No tiene usted otros m5 carosT 5 ZNo tiene usted otras mas baratas? t O Asking someoneS opinion 2ou le parece mi bolso7 2 2au le parecen mis guantes? 3 iOu |e parece mi fa|da? 4 2au le parece mi vestido7 5 2Ou le parece mi sombrero?

9 Asking

to see alternative goods

Exercise

KEY TO EXERCISES

307

Exercise I I Concfuding a sale l S' me lo quedo. 2 S, me la quedo. 3 quedo. 5 S. me la quedo.

S, me |os

quedo" 4

S, me |o

Exercise t 2 Expressing you opinion I Me parecen muy caros. 2 Me parece que sale a las ocho. 3 que la seorita Gmez est en casa. 4 Me parece muy grande

Me parece

5 Me parecen muy estrechos. 6 Me parece que el tren llega a Madrid a las once. 7 Me parecen bastante baratos. 8 Me parece que llueve. 9 Me parece muy cmodo. 10 Me parece que no |lega nunca hasta |as
diez.

Exercise

Dependiente: Buenos das, seor (seora). ;Qu desea? Dependiente: iQu talla, por favor? Usted: lJna treinta y ocho. Dependiente: ;De qu color quiere la camisa? Usted: Blanca. Dependiente: Muy bien' seor (seora). sta es muy bonita. Usted: iDe qu es? Dependiente: Es de algodn.

l3 Obtaining

clothes

Usted: Quisiera

ver algunas camisas, por favor.

Usted:

Dependiente: Vale nueve mil pesetas. Usted: Muy bien. Me la quedo. Dependiente: Muchas gracias, seor (seora).

4Cunto vale?

r4

Listening exercises

She wishes to buy a size 40 blouse in white or yellow. The irst one is too dear and she buys a cheaper one for 9000 pesetas.

I Simple clothing. 2 A skirt and a blouse. 3 Trousers with a blouse or jersey. 4 The weather, and whether she is going out or not.

t4

Read ing exercises

The shop offers good prices, better service and more quality. It boasts it is the
cheapest.

3OB MASTERING SPANISH

E
(a)

I An end of season sale; 2 Trousers; 3 Suits; 4 Jackets.

(b)

I Handbags; 2 At half-price.
(c)

lSocks;24pairs.

8 4ou va a tomar?
Exercise t
Usted: lTiene

Obtaining a table and the menu

una mesa libre?

Camarero: 1Paracuntos? Usted: Para cuatro. Camarero: S, seor. Por aqu.

Usted: Gracias. Trigame

Camarero: Aqu tiene usted.

la carta, por favor.

Exercise
Usted:

Camarero: 4Qu va a tomar?

Sopa de pescado.

Ordering a meal

Camarero: ;Y despus? Usted: Un bistec con patatas. Camarero: iY para beber? iToma vino? Camarero: lTomapostre? Usted: S. Un helado.

Usted:

S, una botella de vino tinto.

1 2Ouiere traerme una ensalada mixta? 2 2auiere traerme guisantes con jamn? 3 iouiere traerme pol|o asado Con patatas? 4 2auiere traerme tarta helada? 5 2Ouiere traerme una botella de agua mineral? 6 2Ouiere traerme ms pan? 7 1ouiere traerme ms vino7 8 2ouiere traerme Un caf so|o? 9 2Ouiere traerme un coac7 l0 iOuiere traerme |a cuenta7

Exercise

Polite requests

Exercise

1 Voy a tomar una ensalada rusa. 2 Voy a tomar una tortilla francesa con patatas. 3 Voy a tomar calamares a la romana. 4 Voy a tomar chuletas de cerdo Con patatas ' 5 Voy a tomar un flan. 6 Voy a tomar un p|tano. 7 Voy a tomar queso manchego. 8 Voy a tomar un caf con |eche. 9 Voy a tomar me|ocotones en a|mbar' 10 Voy a tomar Una manzana'
T<EY

4 Explaining

what you are going to have

TO

E).ERCISE'S 309

No, agua mineral sin gas. 2 No, un bistec sin patatas. 3 No, agua mineral con gas. 4 No, pollo asado sin patatas. 5 No, merluza rebozada con patatas.

Exercise

Getting exactly what you want

1 Trigame un consom' 2 Trigame judas verdes Con tomate. 3 Trigame a|cachofas rebozadas. 4 Trigame merluza rebozada' 5 Trigame besugo a| lrorno. 6 Trigame cordero asado. 7 Trigame un f|an. 8 Trigame una bote|la de vino tinto. 9 Trigame un caf solo y un coac. )'0 Trigame |a cuenta.

Exercise

Simp|e orders

Exercise

precio. 4

1 S' trigame

Giving orders
|a

cuenta. 2

S, srvame |a

sopa. 5

5, deme |a direccin
S, dgame el

' 3 s, escrbame e| nmero de te|fono.

el

Exercise 8 Saying what you ae 9oin9 to do I Voy a tomar una cerveza. 2 Voy a beber vino. 3 Voy a visitar mUseo' 1 Voy a ver |a te|evisin. 5 Voy a leer e| peridico' Exercise

S, tengo hambre. S, tengo mucha hambre. No, no tengo hambre. 2 S, tengo calor. S, tengo mucho ca|or, No, no tengo ca|or. 3 S' tengo fro. S, tengo mucho fro. No. no tengo fro. 4 S' tengo sueo. S, tengo mucho sueo. No, no tengo sueo. 5 S, tengo sed. S, tengo mucha sed. No. no tengo sed.

Saying how you feel

14

Listening exerclses
l st customer: Mixed hors d'oeuvres, steak and chips and a half-bottle of fizzy mineral water. 2nd customer: Fish soup, roast chicken with a lettuce and tomato salad and a

beer.

own

I false; 2 true; 3 false; 4 true; 5 do not know (he says he likes prawns on their 'las gambas solas', or [ried 'las gambas fritas'; 6 false; 7 true.

3I

O MASTERING

.[Link]

Reodi ng exerczses

I Soup; paella; spaghetti; frsh soup; mixed salad. custard; rice pudding. 3 They are made of fish. of wine.

2 4

Caramel custard;

Bread, water and a glass

2 fish soup; 2 mixed salads; 3 French omelettes; I tuna with tomato; 2 roast lamb; 2 veal steaks; 1 red wine; L fizzy mineral water.

rE

Puzzle
romat = toffir, megratia = trigame; semonoc = consom; daspoce = pescado. mealsarca a la manaro = calamares a la romana; zularem = merluza; gachule y meatot = lechuga y tomate; zularem = merluza.

Una ensalada de lechuga y pescado (false). Lechuga y tomate. Una tortilla francesa (true). Una torti|la a|emana (false). Una torti||a francesa o espao|a. Huevos revueltos con guisantes (false). Con tomate. Besugo al horno (true). Ca|amares en a|mbar (false). Calamares a |a romana' Oueso manchego (true). Sopa rusa (false). Ensaladilla rusa. Atn con tomate (true). Tarta del tiempo (false). Fruta del tiempo.

2Adnde vamos?

Exercise I Obtaining a taxi and stating the destination

Taxista: S, seor. 2Adnde les llevo? Usted: A la estacin de Atocha, por favor. Taxista: Muv bien. Suban ustedes.

Usted: iEst

libre?

KEY To Ex'[Link]

Second aersion

Taxista: S, seor' iAdnde les llevo? Usted: A la Plaza Mayor. Taxista: Muy bien. Suban ustedes. iTienen ustedes prisa? Usted: Si. tenemos prisa.

Usted:

4Est libre?

Usted: ;A qu hora sale el prximo tren para Toledo? Taquillera: Sale a las once y media. Usted: Dos billetes, por favor. Taqui||era: ;De ida y vuelta o slo de ida? Usted: De ida y vuelta. Taqui||era: ;De qu clase, primera or segunda? Usted: De segunda. Taquillera: Muy bien.
Secortd aersion

Exercise 2 Finding out train times and booking tickets

Taquillera: Sale a las once y media. Usted: Un billete, por favor. Taquillera: ;De ida y vuelta o slo de ida?

Usted:

1A qu hora sale el prximo tren para Barcelona?

Taquil|era: 4De qu clase, primera o segunda? Usted: De primera. Taquillera: Muy bien.
1 2Tiene cambio de quinientas pesetasT 2 2Tiene cambio de cien pesetas? 3 2Tiene cambio de cinco mil pesetasT 4 2Tiene cambio de cincuenta pesetas? 5 2Tiene cambio de dos mil pesetas?

Usted: De

ida.

Exercise 3 Asking for change

Exercise 4 Asking arrival times l 2A que hora |lega el tren a Madrid? 2 2A qu hora l|ega e| autobs a| Centro de la ciudad? 3 2A qu hora l|ega e| taxi a| hote|7 4 2A qu hora ||ega el tren a |a costa? 5 2A qu hora ||ega el autoLrs a| museo7 Exercise
1 2Se puede aparcar aqu? 2 2Se puede fumar en esta habitacin7 3 iSe puede comer ahora? 4 iSe puede entrar en el museo? 5 25e puede probar este vestidoT No' no se puede aparcar en esta cal|e. 2 S. se puede tomar vino con la comida' 3 S, se puede.1ugar a| go|f aqui. 4 No' no se puede hacer caf en la habitacin' 5 S, se puede comer ms tarde.

5 Asking

if something is Possible o Permitted

Exercise

Stating that something is or is not Permitted

312 MASTERING SPINIS1

Exercise 7 Asking if someone knows of certain places 1 2Conoce Usted un buen caf por aqu? 2 2Conoce Usted Una buena discoteca por aqu? 3 2Conoce Usted Una buena tienda de modas por aqui? 4 2Conoce Usted Un buen restaurante por aqu7 5 2Conoce usted
una buena farmacia oor aaui?

Exercise

1 S' s hab|ar francs. No, no s hab|ar francs. 2 St, s Lrai|ar. No, no s bailar. 3 S' s hacer caf. No' no s hacer caf. 4 S' s.,1u9ar a| go|f' No no s.;ugara| go|f. 5 S' s hab|ar ing|s' No, no s hab|ar ing|s.

Can you or cant you?

Exercise 9 Do you know them or dont you? 1 S' |a Conozco' 2 No, no |es conozco. 3 No, no |a conozco |es conozco. 5 S, |a conozco.
etc.

'1 No. no

Exercise t O Asking where things are sold, made, bought,

2Dond se Compran |os cigarril|os? 2 2Dond se venden los re|o..1es? 2Dond se hacen |as camisas7 4 ;Dond se vende el vino? 5 zDond se hacen los traJesT

Listening exercises
She wishes to buy 8.30 pm.
a

first class return ticket to Alicante and to arrive before

1 On the sea by boat (por el mar en barco). 2 By car. 3 He goes by bus. 4 By Metro. 5 It is more practical. 6 By bicycle (en bicicleta). 7 By train. 8 Romantic. 9 It makes the journey more interesting.

Reading exercises
to neighbouring

2 Cafeteria and crche. Coach connections Saturdays and \ednesdays' 4 Sieeping car and couchettes. 5 No, it does not run from 24th of June to the lTth of September. 6 There is a coach service.
1 You have to pay a supplement.

towns. 3

KEYTOEXERCISES 3I3

Puzzles

_ Todo depende de| precio. 1Cunto va|e en tren 7 - En tren es ms caro - dos mi| quinientas pesetas - pero es ms rapido y ms cmodo, c|aro. - 2Y en autocar ? - En autocar son mil trescientas pesetas, ida y vuelta. - Pues deme un billete en tren para maana. _ Muy bien. seorita. - 2A qu hora sale el tren 7 - A las tres y media de la tarde.

_ Buenos das. 2ou desea?

2Cmo quiere ir, en tren o en autocar ?

Ouisiera ir a Barcelona.

o 2Tiene una habitacin |ibre?

l
Booking a oom

Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. 4En qu puedo servirle? Usted: Buenas tardes. 4Tiene una habitacin libre? Recepcionista: llndividual o doble? Usted: Doble, por favor. Recepcionlsta: 1Con cuarto de bao o con ducha? Usted: Con cuarto de bao.
Second z;ersion

Exercise

Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. 4En qu puedo servirle? Usted: Buenas tardes. ;Tiene una habitacin libre? Recepcionista: ;Individual o doble? Usted: Individual. Recepcionista: 1Con cuarto de bao o con ducha? Usted: Con ducha.

Exercise 2 Finding out the price Usted: 4Cunto vale la habitacin?

Usted:

Recepcionista: No. La pensin completa vale un poco menos: doce mil

las comidas. 4Cunto valen las comidas? Recepcionista: El desayuno vale cuatrocientas pesetas, er almuerzo y la cena valen dos mil pesetas cada uno. Usted: Doce mil cuatrocientas pesetas por da entonces.
pesetas por da. ;Quiere usted la pensin completa?

Recepcionista: La habitacin vale ocho mil pesetas por da. Luego tiene usted

Usted:

S, por favor.

314 MASTERING SPINISI

Exercise

Usted: Me parece que

no funciona.

Making complaints

esta toalla no est |impia y la luz en el cuarto de bao

Portero: ;Perdoneusted!
Second z;ersion

Usted: Me parece que esta cama Portero: lPerdoneusted!

est sucia, y el telfono no funciona.

1 Voy a Sevi||a el mirco|es. 2 Empiezo mi trabajo el Viernes' 3 Sa|go para Crdoba e| .;ueves. 4 L|ego a Barcelona e| martes. 5 Estoy |ibre e| sbado.
It costs 2000 pesetas a day. 2 It costs 7000 pesetas a week' 3 It costs 30 000 pesetas a month. 4 It costs 3000 pesetas an hour. 5 It costs

Exercise

Saying when you do things

Exercise

Understanding what things cost

100 pesetas a day.

Exercise
bastante

1 Me parece exce|ente. 2 Me parece muy simptica. 3 Me parece

Expressin9 oPinions

Cara. 4 Me parece muy romntica' 5 Me parece

barato.

1 2,A qu hora se sirve |a cena? 2 2Dndese venden |as asp|rinas? 3 2A qu hora se abre e| banco? 4 2Dnde se puede aparcar? 5 2Dnde se vende la fruta?

Exercise

7 Asking

when and whee things happen

Exercise

Empiezo mi [Link] a las (+ time). 2 Prefiero el vino/la cetveza. 3 Ouiero/No quiero ser rico (rica). 4 Me siento en la sala de estar. 5 TengolNo tengo hermanos. 6 Vengo a mi traba,;o en coche/autoLrs/tren,/bicic|etala pie' 7 Nieva/No nieva mucho en mi ciudad. 8 JuegolNo juego al golf . 9 Duermo bien/mal. 10 Me acuesto a |as (+ time) |os sbados' 11 L|ueve/No |lueve mucho en mi regin. 12 Sirvo/No sirvo vino con la comida los domingos.

8 Answering

questions

Exercise9 Expressing a need

3 Me hacen
hace falta una cartera nueva.

1 Me hace falta una toalla limpia . 2 Me hace falta una chaqueta de piel. falta unos calcetines. 4 Me hace falta un relo..1 de oro. 5 Me

KEY TO EXERCISES 3I5

tE

Liste nxng

[Link].s

E E

customer wants a single room with a shower and a telephone; asks about the price of the room, whether breakfast is included and at what time breakfast rs served. The room costs 4000 pesetas per day.

The

The room is dirty, the shower is not working and the mini-bar is emptv.

make a compraint. you probabry gathered this from the gist of the whore conversation. The expression actuaily used was 'Tengo unu q,i"_1u' - I have a complaint. 2 The bathroom is very dirty and the telephone do-es nor work. 3 At 11.30 that morning. 4 Fourreen.

I To

tE

Reodin I exercxses

E
I

I DIAZ habitaciones Solo dormir. 2 Salida a piscina. 3 Hostal princesa. Habitaciones con bao y ca|efaccin. 4 Se alquila piso en Tru.1il|o. Amplio, Centrico' calefaccin Central.
Hotel

Guzmn. 2

Hote|

Miramar. 3 Hote| Guzmn' 4 Hote|

Cata|n.

Puzzles
Recepcin (Reception); recepcionista (receptionist); f|ores (flowers); portero (porter); criente (customer); maleta (suitcase); perro (dog); comedor ([Link]); mesa (table); Camarero (waiter)' Did you find anv thers?

2Le gusta?
Finding out what things are made of

el arte tpico de Toledo y se llama arte damasquinado. ll-e gusta? Usted: S, me gusta mucho. .Qu se fabrica aqur exactamente? Emp|eado: Aqu se fabrica de todo, seora: broches, collares' pendientes, espadas ...
3
1

Usted: iCon qu se fabrica todo esto? Emp|eado: Con oro y acero, seora. Es

Exercise t

MASTERING 5'PIA'1S-1

Exercise2 Selecting
Usted:
;verdad?

a gift Robert: Y unos pendientes para Dolores. Le gustan los pendientes

S, creo que s. iTiene usted pendientes? Dependienta: Claro que s, seora. Estos son muy bonitos,
1no?

a Dolores,

Usted: S, son

Dependienta: ;stos,seora? Usted: S. ;No te gustan' cario? Robert: S, me gustan mucho. 1Son caros? Dependienta: No, seor. Slo mil ochocientas pesetas. Usted: stos,entonces.

bastante bonitos, pero me gustan ms aqullos.

3 Getting a drinl< Robert: Un caf con leche para m. 4Qu quieres, cario? Usted: Me gustara tomar algo fro. ;Qu tiene? Camarero: Pues hay batidos, horchata, limn natural, cerveza Usted: Un limn natural. por favor.
Exercise Exercise 4 Saying what you lil(e l S. me gusta. 2 S' me gusta' 3 No' no me gusta. 4 No, no me gustan. 5 S, me gusta. 6 S, me gustan. 7 No' no me gusta' 8 gustan. 9 No. no me gusta' l0 S, me gustan.
S, me

Exercise 5 Saying what you like doing l No, no me gusta arreg|ar e| coche. 2 S, me gusta Ver |a te|evision. 3 No, no me gusta traba1ar' 4 S, me gusta comer bien. 5 S, me gusta ir de compras. 6 s' me gUsta estudiar e| espao|. 7 No' no me 9ustaJUgar a| tenis. 8 No, no me gusta beber vino. 9 5, me gusta escuchar discos'
10 No, no me gusta dar un paseo.

Ta|king for others e| coac. 2 S, |e gustan |as rubias. 3 No' no |e gusta e| ca|or. 4 S' |e gusta el caf solo. 5 S' le gustan los museos. 6 No, no le gusta |a Coca Co|a. 7 S' |e gustan |os churros' 8 No, no |e gusta e| so|. 9 S' le gustan |as vacaciones. l0 No' no |e gusta e| fro.
1 No. no le gusta

Exercise

Exercise 7 Saying how much you like things or doing things

1 \lo me gUsta nada escuchar d|scos. 2 Me gUsta bastante bai|ar' 3 No me gUsta trabaJar' 4 Me gUSta mucho Espaa. 5 Me gUstan bastante |os churros. 6 No me gusta nada |a cerveza espao|a" 7 Me 9usta mucho |a comida espao|a. 8 Me gUstan bastante |os espao|es' 9 No me 9usta e| tabaco espao|. 10 Me gustan mucho |as chicas espao|as.

Exercise

1 5, me gustara mucho' 2 S, me gustara mucho. 3 No' no me gustara. 4 S. me gustara mucho. 5 No. no me gUstaria.

Accepting an invitation willingly or reiecting it

KEY TO EXERCISES

317

Exercise

ciudad. 4

1 Me encanta su vestido. 2 Me encantan sus

Me encanta su

Flatter the speaker

muier. 5

hr..1os

Me encantan

. 3
sr r<

nendipnfec

Me encanta su

Exercise I o Giving you oPinion of things I Me aburre la ciudad. 2 Me interesan esos hombres. 3 Me gusta bastante la comida. 4 Me aburren las revistas. 5 Me interesa el programa Exercise I I Saying how much money you have left 1 Me quedan dos mil pesetas. 2 Me quedan cuarenta pesetas. 3 Me quedan ocho mil pesetas. 4 Me quedan ciento ochenta pesetas. 5 Me
quedan cuatrocientas veinte pesetas.

r4

Listenlng exerczses

I Cars are produced in Valencia and Barcelona. 2 Apples are grown 1n northern Spain in the region of Asturias. 3 Stamps are sold in the state tobacconist's. 4 Shoes are produced in Menorca. 5 Oranges are grown in the regi,,n of Valencia.

pclo1 or to the beach' \7hen he likes to stay at home and read or watch the television. the weather is bad, When the weather is very hot, in the summer, Ana likes to sunbathe in the garden, or go to the countryside with her friends.

When it's nice, Paco likes to go to the swimming

I true; 2 false; 3 true; 4

Reading exercises

do not

know; 5 true; 6 truel 7

true.

I She likes going out with her friends, going to the countryside or the beach, sunbathing, or swimming in the swimming-pool or the sea. 2 It is fairly cold. 3 She likes to go to the theatre or the cinema. 4 She likes to read. 5 She likes interesting books, particularly biographies of important people from Spanish history. 6 She does not like sport. 7 She finds them boring. 8 What you do in your spare time.

14

Puzzl
Doa Rosa, playing golf; Don Juan, bananas; Carolina, chips; Mara' sunbathing; Mateo, swimming; Paco, playing tennis.

3IB MASTERING

.SPINISH

E
Me enCanta el espaol.

2Por qu no vamos al cine?

Exercise I Planning an outing Juan: 4Qu quieres hacer esta tarde? Usted: 4Por qu no Vamos al cine? Juan: 1Qu ponen?
Usted: No

Juan: Ah est' en la mesa. Usted: iEn qu pgina est la gua de espectculos? Juan: No 1o s seguro. En ia pgina diez u once.
Usted: Ah,
s. Aqu est.

s. ;Dnde est el peridico?

2Por qu no Vamos al teatro? 3 2Por qu no Vamos a| museo7 5 2Por qu no Vamos a |a p|aza?

Exercise

2 3

Making suggestions

2 2Por qu no Vamos a las tiendas? 4 1Por qu no Vamos a |a discoteca?

Usted: Buenas tardes. Quiero dos butacas, por favor. Taqui||era: 4Para la sesin de la tarde o de la noche? Usted: De la tarde, por favor. Taquil|era: Aqu tiene usted. Dos butacas en la fila veinte. Usted: ;Cunto valen? Taquillera: Mil doscientas pesetas.
Taquil|era: Buenas tardes. ;Qu desea? Usted: Quiero cuatro butacas, por favor. Taqui||era: ;Para ia sesin de la tarde o de la noche? Usted: De la noche. Taqui|lera: Aqu tiene usted. Cuatro butacas en la fila veinte. Usted: ;Cunto valen? Taquillera: Dos mil cuatrocientas pesetas.
en aquel bar? Vamos; te invito. ;Qu amable! 4Por qu me invitas? Usted: Porque eres muy guapo y te quiero mucho. Juan: Muv bien.
Second ztersion

Taqui|lera: Buenas tardes. 4Qu desea?

Exercise

Obtaining tickets or seats

Exercise 4 lnviting someone to have a drink

Usted: ;Por qu no tomamos un aperitivo

Juan:

KEY TO EXERCI.9ES 319

Exercise 5 Explaining why you are not doing something and that you prefer something else l Porque me gustan ms |as chu|etas' 2 Porque me gusta ms el tenis' 3 Porque me gusta ms el museo. 4 Porque me gusta ms ver |a televisin. 5 Porque me gusta ms el campo. Exercise Saying that you do not know and that you companion does not know either 1 No, no |o s. No, no lo sabe' 2 No, no |o s. No' no lo sabe. 3 No, no lo s. No, no |o saben. 4 No, no |o s. No, no lo saben. 5 No, no lo s.
No, no lo sabe.

5 Vamos en taxi.

Exercise 7 Saying how you intend to get there 1 Voy en avin. 2 voy en tren. 3 Vamos a pie. 4 Voy en autobs.

Exercise
1
5, estoy

acuerdo. 4

de

S, estoy de

Do you agree or dont you? acuerdo 2 No, no estoy de acuerdo. 3 acuerdo. 5 No, no

S, estoy de estoy de acuerdo.

Exercise
coacI

bonito es este bo|so|

1 ;Ou guapa

e5 esa

Describing things in an exclamatoty way

seorita! 2 iau grande es |a habitacin| 3 1ou 4 iou barato es este vestido! 5 ;Ou fuerte es este

Exercise I O Saying when you and your companion begin to do things I Me pongo a trabaJar a las ocho y media. Se pone a traba,lar a las nueve y cuarto. 2 Me pongo a estudiar a las siete. Se pone a estudiar a las seis.
3 Me pongo a preparar la cena a las cinco y media. Se pone a preparar la cena a las seis menos cuarto. 4 Me pongo a Jugar al golf a las seis y media.
Se pone a Jugar al golf a las once y media.

1 2En qu piso est |a oficina7 2 1En qu pueb|o est el castillo? 3 2En qu andn est el tren? 4 1En qu direccin est Ia playa? 5 2En qu cal|e est la piscina? 6 1En qu ciudad est eI camping? 7 2En qu parte est el teatro? 8 2En qu p|aza est el supermercado? 9 2En qu ca|le est el ta||er? 10 2En qu pueb|o est el hospita|?

Exercise t

t Finding

out exactly where things are

Exercise l2 Expressing a fack of concern I No me importa la hora. 2 No me importa el tiempo. 3 No me importa e| viaje. 4 No me importa e| ca|or. 5 No me importa e| fro. 6 No me
320 MASTERING SPIN/S1

color. 9

importa el retraso. 7 No me importa el traba.1o. 8 No me importa el No me importa la niebla. 10 No me importa el programa.

t 3 Saying how you do things 1 [Link] rpidamente. Traba-1o |entamente. 2 Duermo bien. Duermo ma|. 3 Hablo e| espao| fci|mente. Hablo el espaol difcilmente' 4 Juego bien al tenis. Juego mal al tenis. 5 Desayuno deprisa. Desayuno despacio.

Exercise

E]

Listening exercises

1 One speaker invites the other to play a game of golf. The invitation is refused because the second speaker does not know how to play go1f. 2 The invitation is to go shopping and is accepted because the second speaker would like to buy a summer dress. Thev asree to meet in the Puerta del Sol at 10.30.

does notfancy goingto see it. 6 Itis anewversion ofthe film. 7 At 7 pm. 8 (a) In Alcal Street' (The other Streets do exist in Madrid, but .La Cal|e de A|caI,was the correct answer.)

1 $7hat to do the next day. 2 They go io the cinema. 3 She cannot see any interesting films in the Entertainments Gurde. 4 Dracula. 5 She says she

Reading exercises
I La Fonda; 2 Ouattrocento; 3 El Pescador; 4 La Galette; 5 Casa Pepe; 6 La Llama;7 El Organillo; 8 Dario's.

Puzzles
lf;2e;3h; 4i;5b;
6a; 7i, 8d; 99; 10c.

2Cunto va|e?

Usted: Buenos das. ;Tiene usted tarjetas postales de Toledo? Vendedor: S' ah estn' seora, al lado de las revistas. Usted: ;Cunto valen? Vendedor: Las grandes valen cuarenta y cinco pesetas y las pequeas treinta Usted: Estas
peSetaS) seora.

Exercise

I Obtaining

postcards

seis, por favor. Tengo cuatro grandes y dos pequeas.

KEY TO E'[Link]'Es 321

USted: 4Tiene usted peridicos ingleses? Vendedor: No, seora. La prensa extranjera i|ega a las cuatro de la Usted: No, gracias. lTiene sellos para las tarjetas? Vendedor: No, seora. Los sellos Se compran en Correos.
Slo tengo e| Times, pero
eS de ayer.

Exercise

2 Asking

about newsPaPers and stamps

tarde.

Exercise

Usted: Buenos das. 2Cunto vaie mandar una tarjeta postal a Inglaterra? Dependienta: Vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Usted: iY una carta? Deoendienta: Una carta vale 1o mismo, cuarenta y cinco pesetas. Usted: Bueno. Deme seis sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas' por favor. Vendedor: Buenos das. 1Qu desea? Usted: Pngame un cuarto de kilo de jamn. Vendedor: {amn serrano o jamn de York? Usted: Jamn de York' Vendedor: Aqu tiene. 1Algo ms? Usted: S, un cuarto de kilo de ese queso manchego. Vendedor: Muy bien. sEso es todo? Usted: gTiene mantequilla? Vendedor: S, seora. ;Cunta quiere? Usted: iTiene un paquete de cien gramos?

3 Asking

Pices and obtaining stamPs

Exercise

Buying food for a Picnic

Exercise
3 5

1Tiene Usted nove|as ing|esas7 2 2riene Usted revistas espao|as7 2Tiene Usted peridicos franceses? 4 2Tiene usted libros ingleses7 2T|ene usted perdicos ita|ianos?

5 Asking

about eading matter

Exercise

1 Pngame dos ki|os de manzanas' 2 Pngame medio ki|o de queso' 3 Pngame un ki|o de me|ocotones. 4 Pngame un Cuarto de kilo de mantequi|la. 5 Pngame treinta litros de gaso|ina'

Buying things

Exercise

1 Deme una lata de guisantes. 2 Deme una caJa de cerillas. 3 Deme una barra de pan. 4 Deme seis sellos de treinta pesetas. 5 Deme el Times.

Buying things

Exercise

1 2Dnde se compra |a |eche7 2 2Dnde se Compra e| azcar? 3 2Dnde se Compran los sel|os? 4 2Dnde 5e Compran los peridicos ing|eses7 5 2Dnde Se Compran |as taUetas postales7

8 Finding

out where to buy things

322 MASTERING SPINIS'I

Exercise 4

1 El ing|s' por favor. 2

Los negros'

Selecting something E| tinto, por favor. 3 Los espaoles, por favor. 5 La pequea, por favor'

por favor.

Exercise t O Finding out how much it costs to do something 1 2Cunto vale mandar Una carta a |ng|aterra? 2 2Cunto Va|e mandar

una taryeta posta| a los Estados

1Cunto va|e.';ugar a|

Unidos? 3 2Cunto va|e aparcar7 tenis? 5 iCunto va|e entrar en e| museo7

Exercise t I Pointing out what something is like I La de Pablo es guapa. 2 Los de Juan son altos. 3 El de Marta
La de Paco es pequea.

es verde.

Exercise t 2 Pointing out which one you want l Aqu||os, por favor. 2 se, por favor. ] sta'por favor. 4 favor' 5 Aqu|las' por favor.

stos, por

r
I

List enxng exerclses

l/2 kilo'serrano'ham; I kilo of blue cheese. bananas; I kilo ofblack grapes.

2 kilos of apples; 1/2 kilo of

Shopping List I is correct.

Reading exercises
The dish is a Spanish omelette.

Puzzles
Conchita forgot to buy wine, two glasses, fish, pears and grapes

KEY TO EXERCISES 323

2En qu puedo servirle?

1 2Es posible comprar cigarrillos en el hotel? 2 2Es posible comer a la una? 3 2Es posible cambiar cheques de viajero en este bancoT 4 2Es posible probarse el vestido? 5 2Es posible ver algunos bolsos de piel?

Exercise

t Asking

what is possible

Exercise2 HiringaCa

Usted: Buenos das. Aqu puedo alquilar un coche, 4verdad? Emp|eado: [Link] es. iPara cuntos das? Usted: Slo para hoy. Quiero visitar los molinos de Campo de Criptana' EmpIeado: Muy bien, seor. iPara cuntas personas? Usted: Para dos; mi mujer y yo. iTiene un coche econmico? Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. iEn qu puedo ayudarla? Usted: ;Se puede aparcar el coche en esta calle? Guardia: S, seora. Est prohibido aparcar en la plaza, pero el coche bien aqu. No se preocupe. Usted: Gracias. iEs posible ir en el coche hasta los molinos? Guardia: No, seora.

Exercise

Parking the car

est

Exercise

Empleado: Buenas tardes. iQu le pongo? Usted: Pngame veinte litros, por favor. Emp|eado: iSper, sin plomo o normal? Usted: Sper. Empleado: Ya est. 1Algo ms? Usted: No, gracias. ;Cunto es? Empleado: Dos mil pesetas.

Buying petol

Exercise
4

2Puedo fumar? 2 2Puedo salir ahora? 3 2Puedo aparcar aqu? 1Puedo hablar con e| .;efe? 5 2Puedo ver la te|evisin?

5 Finding

out if you can o cannot do something

Understanding prices and quantities a day, sir. 2 1500 pesetas per person, sir. 3 20 000 pesetas a week, sir. 4 100 pesetas per half-hour, sir. 5 150 pesetas a minute, sir.
1 5000 pesetas

Exercise

Exercise 7 Finding out if something o someone is ready 1 2Est |isto e| desayuno7 2 2Est |ista |a comida? 3 2Est |isto el coche7 4 2Estn listos Ios zapatos7 5 2Est lista su mu1er?

324 MASTERINGSPINISH

Exercise

1 No smoking. 2 No entrance. 3 No bathing. 4 No parking in the square. 5 No access.

Understanding notices

Exercise 9 Explaining what is allowed in England to a Spanish friend by answering his questions 1 No, no se puede. 2 S, se puede. 3 No, no se puede' 4 S, se puede.

S, se puede.

piece. 4

Exercise t O Understanding prices and quantities I 25 pesetas a litre. 2 It costs 600 pesetas a metre. 3 It costs 40 pesetas
The pair costs 10 000 pesetas.

5 It's 80

pesetas a p,rrtion.

Exercise

1 No ouiero nada. 2 No veo nada. 3 No tomo nada. 4 No estudio nada. 5 No hago nada.

tl SaYing'nothing'
|

Exercise

1 No bebo nunca vino. 2 NO fumo nunca. 3 No duermo nunca en oficina. 4 No visito nunca museos. 5 No tomo nunca el sol'

Saying you never do something

la

Exercise t 3 What ae you allowed to do?

en
salir con

1 [Link] no me dela dormir en la oficina. 2 Mis hljos no me

casa. 3 Mi doctor no me de'Ja beber rubias. 5 Mi marido no me dela i

coac. 4
al bar'

Mi

mu.1er

no me deJa

de..1an

estudiar

E]
E

Listening exercises
1 250

kms;2 621 kms;3 70 kms;4 231

l<ms.

1 You can't visit the castle. 2 You can't park in the square, but you can park in a street nearby. 3 You can smoke. 4 You can't speak to the person in
charge.

).

a;2b;3 a;4 c;5 b;6 a;7 c;8

b.

Reading exercises I No parking. We shall inform

the tow-away truck. 2 Pedestrian. Take care on the bridge. Walk in singie i1e on your left. 3 Pedestrian zone. Loading and unloading from 8.00 to 12.00. 4 Danger. Temporary road surface.

KEY To [Link]- 325

5 Attention. Bus lane on your right. City Centre. Post Ofice. Tourist Office. Museum. Basilica of St Mary. 7 Attention. Radar speed check. 8 39 kms. awa-v. Avila, the best walled city in the world. 9 Street traders are forbidden in the village streets. 10 Drive carefully through rhe rown. Schools. Doctors' surgeries. Pensioners' C1ub.

Puzzles

1f 2h 31 ,lb 5a 6c 7d 8e 99 10i
t

El limpiaparabrisas El reposacabezas
El voiante

El tubo de escape

\7indscreen wiper

Exhaust pipe

El El El El

neumtico
parabrisas

parachoques maletero

$(/indscreen

Headrest Steering wheel Tyre (Tire in American English)

E| cap

El faro

Bumper (trender in American English) Boot (Trunk in American English) Bonnet (Hood in American English) Headlamp

5 4ou vas a hacer?

t
Making plans

Exercise

Mara: ;Qu vas a hacer e1 domingo por la maana, Juana? Usted: Me gustara visitar el Rastro' ese mercado grande que hay aqu en Mara: Con mucho gusto. 4Dnde nos vemos? Usted: Delante de mi hotel a las nueve y media. ;Te Maria: Me parece estupendo.
Madrid. ;Puedes ir conmigo?
parece bien?

Exercise Juan:

4ests libre maana por la tarde? S, creo que s. 4Por qu? Usted: 4Por qu no jugamos un partido de golP Juan: Muy bien. 1A qu hora quedamos?

Usted: Oye' Juan,

Arranging to meet

Usted: A

ias tres, si te va bien. Te espero delante de mi hotel, si quieres.

tarde?

Exercise 3 Finding out what people intend to do l iou vas a hacer e| sbado por la tarde? 2 1au vas a hacer e| domingo por |a maana7 3 2ou vas a hacer e| .1ueves por |a tarde? 4 2ou vas a hacer la semana que viene? 5 1ou vas a hacer e| |unes que V|ene por a

Exercise 4 Saying what you would like to do l S, me gustara. 2 No, no me gustara 3 S, me gustara mucho. 4 No, no me gustara nada. 5 S, me gustara. 326
MASTERING SPINISH

Exercise
por

Suelo cenar a las

Saying what you usually do seis. 2 Suelo llegar a casa a las diez. 3 No suelo |a tarde. 4 Sue|o coqer el autobs. 5 Suelo trabaiar mucho.

salir

No puedo porque tengo que estudiar. 2 No puedo porque tengo que volver a la oficina. 3 No puedo porque tengo que ver a mi mu.1er. 4 No puedo porque tengo que escribir una carta. 5 No puedo porque tengo que esperar a mi hljo

Exercise

Saying what you have to do

Exercise 7 Saying what one ought to do 1 Hay que visitar Toledo. 2 Hay que comprar pan. 3 Hay que ir de compras. 4 Hay que conocer Madrid. 5 Hay que cambiar unos cheques
de viajero.

Exercise

1 El catorce de febrero voy a visltar Toledo. 2 El diez de agosto voy

Dates from your diary

traba..lar en

Mara. 4 E| primero de mayo Voy a Cenar con octubre voy a comprar un coche. Exercise

casa. I

El veinticinco de marzo voy a ir a la discoteca con

Marta. 5

E|

once de

1 Voy a comprar el coche el mes que viene. 2 Voy a visitar el museo el mirco|es que viene. 3 Voy a Ver a don A|fonso |a semana que viene. 4 Voy a termlnar el trabaJo el viernes que viene. 5 Voy a ir de compras el sbado oue viene.

When are you going to do it?

1 Vendr a Cenar con Usted e| .1ueves que viene. 2 Visitar su CaSa en Granada e| verano que viene' 3 Sabr e| precio maana por |a tarde. 1 Podr arreg|ar e| coche e| martes que viene. 5 Comprar e| tocadiscos lunes que viene.

Exercise

Talking about the future

e|

Exercise t t Tall<ing about the future

4
d

1 Aprender e| francs. 2 Vers |a te|evisin 3 Juan ayudar a su mujer Usted tomar e| so| en |a p|aya. 5 Reservar una habitacin para quince
as.

'

Listening exercises

Madrid. 5 From
1.45 pm.

I Saturday. 2

The morning.
1.30

pm.

3 To the Prado. 4 A
6 In

front ofone ofthe soeakers'offices a

large museum in

KEY TO [Link] 327

1 Next Saturday. 2 The heat. 3 They should go swimming. 4 To a lake in the mountains. 5 Very fresh (fresqusima). 6 The Escorial. 7 At 9 am. 8 In Spain Square (|aPlaza de Espaa).

Reading exercises

I 2 pm on September 20th. 2 At 4.10 pm. 3 Go and meet her at the airport. 4 A fortnight. 5 The Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, the British Museum and Trafalgar Square. She rarely drinks. 7 Drink a beer in one of the famous pubs. 8 She calls them the 'perfidious Anglo-Saxons'.

t4l

Puzz les
Id;2a;3f; 4b;5c;
6e

I In the centre; 2 Madrid; 3 Toledo; 4 Campo de Criptana; 5 Madrid; 6 In the South.

Exercise t

Finding out what something means Mara: Mira, Juana, ciento veinte pesetas. E.s una ganga. Usted: Lo siento, Mara, pero no comprendo. iQu quiere decir Mara: Es una cosa que eS muy barata, como ese peine. Usted: Ah, s' Ahora comprendo'

.una ganga'?

Exercise 2 Saying where you went and how you liked it Mara: ;Visitaste la catedral en Toledo? Usted: S, claro. Fui dos Veces.
Mara: Y, ate gust? Usted: Me gust mucho.

Exercise 3 Saying when and how you got back and how you liked a place
siete y media.

Recepclonista: 1Cundo volvi usted de Toiedo, seor Robinson? Usted: Volv anoche. Cog el tren de las diecisiete horas y llegu aqu a las

328 MASTERING

SPINIS-I1

Recepcionista: 4Le gust Toledo?

Usted:

S, me gust mucho.

Exercise 4 Saying whee you went and how Juan: iFuiste a los molinos en Campo de Criptana? Usted: S. Alquil un coche y pas todo un da en Campo
.Juan: iTe gustaron ios molinos? Usted: 1Hombre, claro! Son parte de la historia de E'spaa,

de Criptana.
4no?

5' aparqu en la p|aza' (Note spelling change in the verb.) 2 S, compr un peine. 3 5, pagu ciento veinte pesetas. (Note spelling change in the verb.) 4 S' hab| espao|. 5 S' l|egu a casa a las nueve' (Note spelling change in the verb.) S, tom Una cerveza en e| bar. 7 S, pagu cien pesetas' 8 S, invit a mi amigo. 9 S' visit |a catedra|' 10 S' escuch discos de msica clsica Dor la tarde.

Exercise

Saying what you did

Exercise
1 S, vi
|a

te|evisln. 2 No, no com bien. 3 S, volv anoche |as once. 5 No, no beb horchata'

Saying what you did or did not do

S, sa| a

Exercise 7 Saying whee you went' when and with whom 1 Fui al Cine anoche con mi amigo. 2 Fui a| mercado esta maana con mi marido. 3 Fui de compras ayer con mi hr.;o. 4 Fui a la discoteca esta tarde con mi hermana' 5 Fui a |a catedral aver por |a maana con mi hiia'
1 S, acaba de salir' 2 S, acaba de entrar. 3 S, acaba de vo|ver. 4 s, acaba de pagar. 5 S' acaba de l|egar.

Exercise

8 9
I

Saying what has just happened

1 No, no me gust' 2 S, me gust mucho. 3 No' no me gustaron nada 4 S' me gust. 5 S' me gustaron mucho.
1 2Me toca jugar? 2 2Me toca salirT escucharT 5 ;Me toca hablarT

Exercise

Saying whethe you liked something or not

Exercise

Finding out if it3 your turn 3 2Me toca comprarT 4

ZMe toca

traba.;o en coche. 3 S, |legu a nueve. 4 S. dt.;e ,Buenos das, a mis amigos. 5 S, hice mucho trabajo' 6 S, com en Casa. 7 S, tuve que trabajar mucho por |a tarde. 8 S' traje ms trabajo a casa. 9 S' vi |a te|evisin por |a tarde.

mi traba.1o a las

Exercise I t A day in your life 1 S. sa| de casa a |as ocho. 2 S, fui a mi

l0

Si. fui a la cama a las once.

KEY TO [Link] 329

3 2Pudo usted comprenderle?

en M|aga el mes pasado?

Exercise t2 Asking what people did I 2Anduvo usted por el parque? 2 2Puso Usted
4 2Lo

supo usted

la ma|eta en la habitacin7 ayer? 5 ZEstuvo usted

Listening exercises
Joan is invited to go window-shopping, but fails to understand the term ln Spanish until Mara puts it into E'nglish.

El Greco's house twice and bought a print of a painting called 'The Crucifixion'.
She visited

),c; 2a; 3b; 4a; 5c; 6b;'

a.

Reading exercises
Fishmonger's. Baker's. lst Floor. 4 Open all day on Mondays. 5 Everything at half-price. Pedestrian access. 7 Parking prohibited in the town centre except for the evenings before holidays. 8 Road closed at the Andosilla Pass. The crossing at Peralta is open 24 hours a day. 9 Contaminated water. Bathing is dangerous. 10 Dangerous bends at 2700 m.

1 Pedestrians. Leave by the staircase. 7.30 to 13.30. Afternoon l6 to 19.30.

2 Market hours. Morning from 3 Fruiterer's. Butcher's. Poulterer's.

Puzzles

I
|

Costa del

2 Pirineos; I Granada; 4 Barcelona;

Galicia.

2Compaste a|go?

t Saying where you found something Mara: 1Qu cuadros ms bonitos! 2Dnde ios encontraste? Usted: Los encontr en un puesto en aquella calle. 4Te gustan? Mara: S, me gustan mucho. 4Cunto te costaron? Usted: No mucho. Slo quinientas pesetas cada uno. IJna ganga,
Exercise
330
MASTERING S'PIN/S1

1no, Mara?

Usted: A ver. S, es muy bonita. 4Cunto te Mara: Quince mil pesetas, pero eS de oro.

Exercise 2 Finding out what your friend bought and what it cost Usted: iComprastealgo? Mara: S, compr esta sortija vieja.
cost?

guantes? Los en |a mesa.

Exercise 3 Flnding out what happened to something you left on a table l 1Dnde est mi cheque7 Lo dg aqu en la mesa. 2 2Dnde estn mis
de.1 aqu en |a

mesa. 3 2Dnde est mi co||ar? Lo dej aqu 1Dnde est mi novela7 La dej aqu en |a mesa. 2Dnde est mi toa|la7 La dej aqu en |a mesa' 4

1ou broches ms baratos| 2Dnde los encontraste? 2 iau hombre ms guapo| 2Dnde le encontraste? 3 iou taryetas ms tpicas! 2Dnde |as encontraste? 4 iau libro ms interesante| 2Dnde |o encontraste? 5 ;Ou'1amn ms exce|ente| 2Dnde lo encontraste7 6 ;ou coac ms fuerte| 2Dnde lo encontraste7 7 ;ou rega|o ms barato| 1Dnde |o encontraste? 8 1ou Zapatos ms cmodos| 2Dnde |os encontraste7 9 1ou pendientes ms hermosos| 2Dnde los encontraste? 10 ;Ou sortl.1a ms encantadora! 2Dnde la encontraste?

Exercise

Giving exc|amatoy oPinions

1 No. Llegaron a las nueve. 2 No. Aparcaron en la calle. 3 No. Alqui|aron el coche en Toledo. 4 No. Hablaron espao|. 5 No. Reservaron Una habitacin con ducha.

Exercise verbs

Using the third Peson plural of regula ,-ar,

vacaciones en Mlaga

Referring to |ast week' month, etc' 1 L|egu e| .1ueves pasado' 2 Visit Toledo |a semana pasada. 3 Sa| de Madrid e| mes pasado. 4 Fui a |nglaterra e| ao pasado. 5 Pas mis
Exercise
e|

verano pasado'

1 Vi a Juan hace tres horas. 2 Cambi |os chegues hace cuatro das. 3 Pagu |a cuenta hace cinco minutos. 4 Termin el trabaio hace un mes. 5 Fui al cine hace una semana.

Exercise

Saying how long ago something happened

Exercise 4

Am | ight or wrong? Usted tiene razn. 2 Usted est equivocado' Usted tiene razn. 5 Usted tiene razn.

Usted est equivocado

Exercise 9 ls this yous? l S, es ma. 2 S' es ma. 3 S, son mos. 4

S, son

mas. 5

S' es mo

KEYTOEXERCISES 33i

I O Explaining that something cannot be yours because yous is different 1 No, no es ma. La ma es b|anca. 2 No, no es mo. El mo es de oro. 3 No, no son mos. Los mos son negros. 4 No' no son mas. Las mas son inglesas. 5 No, no es mo' E| mo es de piel'

Exercise

4 Hicieron mucho trabajo. 5

Exercise I t What did they do? 1 Tra..;eron a su hermano. 2 Conduleron bien. 3 Exercise
t

Se pusieron la chaqueta.

No dyeron nada.

Saying that things belong to other people |a tuya est en Nueva York. 2 Mis h1os son estudiantes, pero los tuyos son hombres de negocios. 3 Mi falda es de a|godn, pero |a tuya e5 de |ana. 4 Mis discos son de msica c|sica, pero los tuyos son de msica popu|ar' 5 Mi familia est en |ng|aterra, pero |a
1 Mi casa est en York' pero
tuya est en Espaa. t Saying that things belong to other people 1 Aqu est mi mujer' pero, idnde est la de |? 2 Aqu estn mis padres' pero, idnde estn |os de e|la? 3 Aqui est mi traje, pero' 2dnde est e| de |7 4 Aqui estn mis panta|ones, pero, 2dnde estn los de e|la7 5 Aqu est mi camisa, pero' 2dnde est |a de usted7

Exercise

E_l

Lis tening exercises

She bought a brooch in an antiques shop in Toledo Street. It cost 15 000 pesetas

and is silver.

A briefcase left at the Reception Desk is being discussed. Ownership is

estab-

lished by the fact that it is a French briefcase purchased in Paris with the name of the shop visible. Also the owner's name is found inside.

1 In London. 2 In Oxford Street. 3 Shoes. 4 She likes to try on all the shoes. 5 Earrings, bracelets (pulseras) and winter jerseys, (erseycitos para el invierno que viene ahora). 6 Jeans. 7 Leather trousers.

Reading Exercises

332 MASTERING SPINISII

Puzzles
discos; cuadros; maleta; camisa, cartera; perfume; reloj, sombrero; libros;
sortija.

8 2ou deseaba?
I
Trying to obtain goods seen previously

Exercise

Dependiente: Buenos das, seora. aQu deseaba? Usted: Haba una blusa en el escaparate que me gustaba mucho, pero ahora Dependiente: 4Una blusa, seora? ;Cmo era? Usted: Era roja y amarilla. Dependiente: Y' ;dnde estaba exactamente? Usted: Estaba a la derecha del escaparate. Dependiente: A ver si me acuerdo...4Era de algodn o de lana? Dependiente: Ah' s, ahora me acuerdo, seora'
Second tersion

no est all.

Usted: Creo

que era de algodn, y vala diez mil pesetas.

Dependiente: Buenos das. ;Qu deseaba? Usted: Haba unos zapatos en el escaparate que me gustaban mucho pero Dependiente: iUnos zapatos? 4De qu color eran?
ahora no estn ali. Grises.

Used:

Dependiente: Y' 4dnde estaban exactamente? Usted: A la izquierda del escaparate. Dependiente: Y, 1cunto valan?

Usted: Ocho mil

pesetas.

buscaba. ;l'Ina seorita? ;Cmo era? Recepcionista: Era bastante alta, tena el pelo rubio y llevaba un traje azul. Usted: ;Cmo se llamaba? Recepcionista: No lo s, seor Robinson' No dijo su nombre. Usted: Pues, .qu quera?

Recepcionista: ;Seor Robinson! Haba una seorita aqu antes que le

Exercise

Finding out about a mysterious visitor

Usted:

ReCepCionista: Tampoco lo

s.

Exercise 3 Understanding things described in the past tense 1 true 2 false 3 true 4 false 5 false 6 notknown 7 true 8 true
KEY TO EXERCIS'ES 333

1 Viva en y media'

4 Saying what you used to do Bi|bao. 2 Trabajaba en una oficina' 3 Sa|a de casa a |as ocho 4 Llegaba a |a oficina a las nueve y cuarto. 5 Coma en un restaurante. 6 Vo|va a casa a las cinco y media' 7 Cenaba en casa' 8 Beba vino con la cena' 9 Vea la televisin oor |a tarde. l0 Me
Exercise
gustaban bastante los programas.

Ahora hay una farmacia en esta ca||e, pero antes haba un restaurante. 2 Ahora e| espaol es fcil' pero hace tres me5e5 era difci|' 3 Ahora estoy libre' pero hace una hora estaba ocupado' 4 Ahora hay un bar aqu, pero hace tres aos haba un teatro. 5 Ahora soy.1efe, pero hace unos cinco aos era empleado.

Exercise

Saying how things have changed

Exercise

1 2Cmo era? 2 2Cmo se |lamaba7 3 2Ou ||evaba? 4 2au quera? 5 2Era ingls7 1 S, le escrib |a carta. 2 S, |e hab| en ingls. 3 S' |e pagu mi| pesetas 4 S' le vend el coche. 5 S' le mand el paquete.

Asking 7

for people to be described

Exercise

Referring to peop|e by using Ponouns

Saying that you dont either lo quiero. 3 Tampoco
Tampoco lo oigo.

Exercise
4

Tampoco |o Tampoco lo

veo. 5

s' 2 Tampoco

me 9u5ta.

9 Talking about your youth l '|ba a la escuela a las (+ time). 2 |ba en coche,/autobs/tren/bicic|eta/a pie. 3 Llegaba a |as (+ time). 4 Me aburra en |a c|ase de (+ subject).
Exercise
compraba cigarri||os en aque||os

5 SlNo dorma en clase. 6 SlNo haca muchas preguntas a los profesores. 7 SlNo coma en |a escue|a. 8 SlNo estudiaba por |as tardes. 9 SlNo

aos. 10 SlNo me gustaba

la escue|a.

Exercise t O Saying what someone was doing when you saw him 1 Esperaba e| autobs cuando |a vi. 2 Echat:a Una carta cuando |a Vi. 3 Ba|aba cuando |e vi. 4 Dorma cuando |e vi. 5 Tomaba el so| cuando
la vi.

Exercise t t Saying that you did it yesterday 1 S, se |a djje ayer. 2 S, se |o exp|iqu ayer. 3 S, se |a mostr ayer. 4 S' se |a escrib ayer. 5 S' se |o di ayer.

334

MAST:ERING SPINIS1

Listening

td

exeT'cLses

worked. 5 Dry

Dry bread and water. 3 Into the countryside. 4 She bread, cheese and water from the well. At 8.00 pm' 7 A fried egg, bread and potatoes with water from the well. 8 At 10.00 pm. 9 With her three sisters.
1 At 6.00

am. 2

1 In Madrid. 2 Near her home. 3 Nuns. going to the cinema. 5 Her homework.

4 Meeting

friends, going out,

Reading exercises
Francisco Franco Bahamonde, the dictator of Spain from 1939-1975.

Puzzles
I true; 2 false; 3 false; 4 true; 5 false; 6 true; 7 false; 8 true; 9 false;

l0 true/false. (Did you speak Spanish well five years ago

?)

2Q'u te Pasa?

Exercise

Mara.. ;Vamos, Juan, levntate! Son las ocho y veinte. Vas a llegar tarde a la
oficina.

Saying that you ae unwel|

Usted: ;Ay, Mara! No me siento bien. Mara: ;Qu te pasa, cario? Usted: Me duele \a cabeza y creo que tengo Usted: S, me duele tambin el estmago' Maria: Bueno. Voy a llamar ai mdico en
taza de t.

Maria.. S, ests muy plido. ;Te duele algo ms?

fiebre.

seguida y luego te voy a hacer una

Exercise 2 Tetling the doctor how you feel Doctor: ;Qu le duele, seor Lpez?
Usted: Me duele la cabeza y me duele el Doctor: Vamos a ver. ;Qu comi ayer? Usted: Anoche tom merluza y un flan. Doctor: lEra fresca la merluza? Usted: Creo oue s.
estmago.

KEY TO EXERCISE.S 335

Farmacutico: Y usted, seora. iQu desea? Usted: ;Tiene algo para el dolor de garganta? Farmacutico: S, seora. E'sto es excelente. Cuatrocientas cincuenta pesetas.

Exercise 3 Obtaining medicines at the chemistS

Usted: S, necesito algo para el dolor de cabeza. ;Qu recomienda usted? Farmacutico: OKAL es muy bueno, seora. Doscientas pesetas el paquete. Usted: Deme un paquete de OI(AL, entonces.

1A1go ms?

Farmacutico: 1Eso es todo? Usted: No. Tambin necesito algo para las quemaduras del sol. Farmacutico: Esta crema eS muv buena. seora. Seiscientas cincuenta

Usted: Gracias. iCunto

pesetas el tubo.

es todo?

Exercise 4 Saying what hurts - I 1 Me duele la garganta. 2 Me duele la pierna. 4 Me duelen los o.;os. 5 Me duelen las manos. Exercise

3 Me duele

e| estmago.

5 Saying what hurts - 2 1 Tengo do|or de estmago. 2 Tengo do|or de o.;os. j Tengo do|or de garganta. 4 Tengo dolor de pies. 5 Tengo dolor de piernas.
Exercise obtaining medicines at the chemist3 - l I 2Tiene algo para el dolor de garganta? 2 2Tiene algo para un resfriadoT 3 2Tiene algo para Ia diarrea? 4 2Tiene algo para la tos? 5 2Tiene algo
para
e| do|or

de estmago?

Exercise 7 Obtaining medicines at the chemist3 - 2 1 Necesito algo para la diarrea. 2 Necesito algo para el dolor de pies. 3 Necesito algo para las quemaduras del sol. 4 Necesito algo para un resfriado. 5 Necesito a|go para e| dolor de estmago.
1 Me siento enfermo (enferma). 2 Me siento meJor. 3 Me siento peor. 4 Me siento bien. 5 No me siento bien.

Exercise

I Explaining

how you feel

Exercise 9 Asking how othes fee| 1 iCmo est su mu.1er? 2 2Cmo est sU ht..1o7 3 4 1Cmo est su marido? 5 2Cmo est sU padre7

2Cmo est 5U hUa?

Exercise t O Saying how others feel I Mi mu.1er se siente enferma. 2 Mi hilo se siente meJor. 3 Mi hl.;a se siente peor. 4 Mi marido no se siente bien. 5 Mi padre se siente bien.

MAST'ERING SPINISI

1 A mi muJer le duele la cabeza. 2 A mi marido le duele la garganta. abuela le duelen los pies. 4 Ami hiia le duele la oierna. 5 Ami amigo le duelen los o1os.

Exercise I t Giving Pecise details - t

3 Ami

Exercise t 2 Giving precise detaifs - 2 l Mi ht'.1o tiene dolor de estmago. 2 Mi amigo tiene fiebre. 3 tiene un resfriado. 4 Mi mujer tiene dolor de cabeza.

Mi marido

t4

Listentng exercsse arm. 3

Sore feet and a oainful

1 Headache and stomach-ache. 2 Painful right leg. 4 Sore eyes and a sore throat.

I a (the word used was 'fatal'); 2 b; 3 c; 4 b (la espalda shoulder); 5 c (estornudar to sneeze); 6 a;7 c;8 a.

Reading exercises l (91) 435 2415. 2 (9r) 542 5 (976) 337 77 00. Puzzles

).0 00.

(q4) 44j 52

00. 4

Oq2

I la cabeza; 2 los ojos; 3 los brazos; 4 el dedo; 5 las manos; 6 la boca; 7 los pies; 8 las piernas;9 la nariz;10 la ore1a.

20 ;Socoo!
Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. 4En qu puedo ayudarla? Usted: Estaba de compras en la Gran Va y un joven me rob. Guardia: 4Qu rob exactamente, seora? Usted: Cogi mi bolso y se fue corriendo.

Exercise t

Saying what happened

KEYTO EXERCISES

337

Guardia: ;Cmo era el joven? Usted: Era bastante bajo, tena el pelo moreno muy largo y llevaba una
queta negra y pantalones grises.

Exercise

Describing the assailant

cha-

Guardia: iQu haba en el bolso? Usted: Muchas cosas. Mi pasaporte, mi dinero, mis cheques Guardia: iCundo pas todo esto? Usted: Hace media hora o as.
Mu-1er: 4Dnde le duele, seor?

Exercise 3 Describing what was stolen

de viajero . .

Exercise
Usted:

Saying what has happened to you

Me duele horriblemente la pierna.

Transente: 4Est rota la pierna? Usted: No, no est rota porque la puedo mover' pero me

1Ay, la pierna!

due}e mucho.

York. 5

Exercise 5 Have you undestood? I At L2.20. 2 A fortnight. 3 Yes. 4 She

Within a few moments.

hopes to visit the Robinsons in

Saying where you were 9oin9 1 |ba a la comisara 2 |ba a| hote|. 3 |ba a| mercado' 4 |baaia discoteca. 5 lba a la fbrica. Exercise

7 Saying that something o someone is vey' .. l S, es tontsimo. 2 S' es guapsima. 3 S' es carsimo' 4 S. es facilsimo. 5 S' es simpatiqusima. (Note spelling change.)
very,
Exercise
vino e5 tan bueno como e| coac' 2 E| Hotel Bristol es tan barato como e| Hotel Espaa. 3 To|edo es tan interesante como Segovia. 4 Este broche es tan caro como este collar. 5 Este hombre es tan tonto como mi
E|

Exercise

Making comPaisons

marido.

Exercise
3 5

Nuestras maletas estn en |a habitacin. 2 Nuestra ht.;a est en casa' Nuestros oadres estn en e| hote|. 4 Nuestro coche est en la ca||e' Nuestra Casa est en e| norte de Inglaterra.

Saying whee things are

Voy a volver a lnglaterra el mes que viene. 2 Voy a alquilar el coche el martes que viene. 3 Voy a comprar los regalos el viernes que viene. 4 Voy a marcharme de Madrid e| ao que viene. 5 Voy a visitar Londres e| verano oue vrene.

etc.

Exercise I

Saying you will do it next week, month, year,

338

MASTERING SPINISI1

Exercise t t Saying what you were doing 1 Estaba escribiendo cartas. 2 Eaba aorendiendo e| esoao|. 3 bailando. 4 Estala pintando la casa. 5 Estaba tomando el sol.

Estaba

Exercise t 2 Saying how things are l Mi ht'1a est casada ' 2 Mi re|oj est roto. 3 Mi mujer est aburrida. 4 Las tiendas estn abiertas' 5 Mi marido est bebido' Est orohibido fumar. 7 Est permitido Lrai|ar' 8 E| Lrar est cerrado. 9 Esta qua est
escrita en

espao|. 10

Esta seora |e est muy agradecida.

t4

Liste nrng exerctses

I In the bank changing money. 2 At home cleaning the in the river. 4 In the caf having a coffee with friends.

house. 3 Fishing

I Her handbag. 2 As she left the theatre. 3 Her purse, all her personal documents, her identity card, her passport, her house keys. 4 She will be unable to get into her house. 5 By motorcycle. 6 Very noisy and very large. 7 They were wearing crash helmets.
Reading exercises 1 Two youths. 2 700
000 pesetas. 3 At 9.30 am. 4 Yes. 5 They ran from the bank and were driven away by a third robber in a car. 6 Two people were injured in a two-car collision. 7 It was a head-on crash. 8 At 4 pm yesterday. 9 At kilometre number 139 on tLre 342 national road. l0 To the General Hospital of Baza.

Puzzles
SOFA / SOPA / ROPA / ROTA / ROSA / COSA NADO.
/

CASA

CADA / NADA

KEY TO EXERCISE.S 339

Useful addresses and books

Addresses
London S7C2N 4LB An excellent source of lists of useful grammar books, dictionaries and background books about Spain.

Centre for Information on Language Teaching (CILT) 20 Bedfordbury

Hispanic Council Canning House

2 Belgrave Square London S!7lX 8PJ

A good

American republics.
Spanish Institute 102 Eaton Square

centre for information about Spain and, in particular, the Latin

London Swl$ gAN For information about the economic and cultural life of Soain. London 5!714 lLD For all matters relating to tourism in Spain.
Spanish Tourist Office 57 St James Street

Grammar books
Prez, Sala, Santam arina, Spanislz (Cassell Language Guides)
.

340 MASTERING SPIN/SI

Dictionaries
H arrap's Spanish Paperb ack Dictionary (Harrap)

C. Smith, Collins Spanish Dictionary (HarperCollins).

.

Reference books
Camping and caraxanning in Europe (AA Publications). Spain and Portugal (Fodor's Modern Guides). Spain (Michelin: Red series for hotels, etc., and Green series for history and culture). J. L. Hooper, The Spaniards (Viking). D. Petersen, Spain on Backroads (Hunter). For those who wish to get off the beaten track and explore the 'real' Spain. P. E. Russell (ed.), Spain: a companion to Spanish Studies (Methuen).

USEFULIDDRESSES AND BOOKS 341

Grammar summary

Contents
1 2
Nouns and articles Adjectives (i) Agreement (iD Adjectives of nationality (iii) Modifuingadjectives
Possessiveadjectives 343 343 343 344 344 344 345 345 346 346

Demonstrativeadjectives Comparisons Forming nouns from adjectives Numbers, dates and time

(iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (i) (iD (iiD (iv)

6
7

No Nunca Nada Nadie Pronouns (i) Direct object pronouns (ii) Indirect object pronouns (iii) Possessivepronouns (iv) Demonstrativepronouns (v) The personal 'a' Adverbs The present tense

Negatives

348 348 348 348 348

349 349 350 350

35r 35r 35r

352 352 352 353 353 353 354 354 354 355 355

'Ser' and 'estar' The immediate future -'ir a' 10 There is, there are - 'hay'
II l2

8 9

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Regular verbs Verbs with irregular first person Reflexive verbs

Radical-changingverbs

Four irregular verbs - 'ser', 'ir', 'dar'r'estar'

+

infinitive

Giving orders - the imperative Talking about the weather

342 MASTERING.9PINISH

Impersonal verbs - 'gustar', etc. Idioms using 'tener' 16 The past tense - the preterire (i) Regular verbs (ii) Verbs with irregular first person (iii) Verbs with spelling changes in the third persons (iv) Irregular verbs - the .pretrito grave' 1- Talking about the immediate past tt - 'acabar de' + infinitive 18 The imperfect tense (i) Regular verbs (iD Irregular verbs 19 The imperfect continuous - I was
T4

To know - 'saber', 'conocer', 'poder'

356 356

358 358 358

359 360 360 361

36r 36r

The following summary of the grammar found in this book will help the student to learn the material systematically. It will be useful to study the relevant section of this summary after having tackled the chapter in which the grammar occurs.

-ing

362 362

Nouns and articles

All nouns are either masculine or feminine. Generally speaking nouns which end in '-o' are masculine - common exceptions' 'la mano' (hand)' 'la radio' (radio) - and those which end in '-a' are feminine. 'The' is expressed before a masculine noun by 'el' and by 'la'before a feminine noun. 'A' or 'An' is 'un'

before a masculine noun and 'una'before a feminine noun. The plural form of nouns is formed by adding '-s' to those which end in a vowel and '-es' to those which end in a consonant. The plural forms of the articles are as seen in the fol-

lowing examples:

El Iibro es caro. La mujer es guapa.

Un chico ing|s. Una racin de patatas fritas.

Los libros son caros. Las mu-1eres son guapas. Unos chicos ingleses. Unas raciones de patatas fritas.

In practice the plural forms of 'un' and 'una' are rarely used unless you wish to stress that some ... do something and others do not. For example:

Unos espao|es hablan

ing|s.

Sone Spanish people speak English.

Adjectives

(i) Agreernent
Adjectives agree with the nouns they qualify and usually follow the noun. Adjectives which end in '-o'have four forms: GRAMMAR SUMMARY 343

Un vino caro. Una revista cara. Vinos caros.

Revistas

A dear wine. A dear magazine.

Dear wlnes. Dear magazines.

caras. azul.

Those which end in anything else have two forms, a singular and Una falda azul. Guantes azules.
Blusas
Un..lersey

a plural:

azules.

A blue iersey. A blue skirt. Blue gloves. Blue blouses.

(ii) Adjectitses of nationality

Those which end in '-o' behave as 'caro' (dear), seen earlier, but those which end in a consonant also have four forms: Un chico espaol. Una chica espao|a. Hombres espaoIes.
Mu.;eres espao|as.

A Spanish boy. A Spanish girl.

Spanish men. Spanish women.

(iii) Modfying adjectiaes

This can be done by placing additional words before the adjectives:
Es Es Es Es Es

algo grande. bastante grande. muy grande. demasiado grande. grandsimo.

It's a little on the big side. It's fairly big. (It's big enough.)
It's very big. It's too big. It's very, very big.

(iz;) Pos sessiae adj ectiaes

These are as follows:

Mi. mis Mi chaqueta es verde y mis zapatos son marrones.

Tu. tus Tu camisa es blanca y tus calcetines son grises.
Su. sus

My My jacket

is green and my shoes are brown.

a

Your (when addressing

mentber of your

Your shirt is white and

your socks are grey.

family or a child)

fend,

His,

her,

your (addressing a
a

stranger), their

Ah va Paco. 5u padre es profesor.

There goes Frank. His father is

teacher.

344 MASTERING SPINISI

Here comes Mary. Her mother Aqu viene Mara. Su madre is in Paris. Paris' est en don Juan. 2Cmo est Good day, don Juan. How is your Buenos das,

Ah van Pab|o y Pedro. Su abuelo es general.

resolved as follows: Su Su 5u Su

su

muierT

There go Paul and Peter.

wife?

'lheir grandfather is

a general.
1S

The meaning of 'su' is usually clear but, if any problem does occur, it
padre de |. madre de ella. padre de usted. madre de ellos.

His father.
FIer mother. Your father.

Their mother.
Our Our father is Scottish but our mother is French.

Nuestro. nuestra. nuestros. nueslras Nuestro padre es escocs pero nuestra maore es francesa.

Vuestro. vuestra. vuestros. vuestras Your (familiar and plural) How are your parents? 2Cmo estn Vuestros padres?

(o) Dentonstrcttiae adjectioes

Este. esta. estos. estas Este collar es muy barato pero estas blusas son muy caras. Ese. esa. esos. esas Esas uvas son muy

This necklace is very cheaP but these blouses are very dear.
Those grapes are very good'
That, those

This,

these

buenas.

\X/hen an object or person is some distance away from both the speaker and the

person addressed, you use 'aquel':

Aquel. aquella. aquellos. aquellas That, those (oaer there) That house (over there) is very old' Aquella casa es muy antigua.

(ai) Compsrisons
To compare one thing with another, you use one of the following three forms:
Ms ... que E| vino es ms caro que Menos ... que
|a cerveza.

More ... than Wine is more expensive than beer.

Less ... than Seville is less big (smaller) than

Sevilla es menos grande que Madrid.

Madrid.
as

Tan ... como E| ans es tan fuerte como

e|

coac. Anisette is as strong as brandy.

As ...

GRAMMAR SUMMARY 345

There are also some irregular comparative torms:

Mejor Peor

El caf es meJor que e|

t. vino

Befter

Coffee is better than tea.

Worse

Soy mayor que

Es menor que

blanco. Mayor Menor

El vino tinto es peor que el

The red wine is worse than the white

wine. Greater, older I am older than you. Smaller, younger He is younger rhan I.

usted.

yo.

(aii) Fortning nouns frorn adjectiues

It is possible to form nouns from adjectives by adding 'lo' before the masculine singular. Such nouns are used to express .the ... parbiaspect': Lo difcil es |a gramtica.

The difficult part is the grammar.

3 Numbes, dates and time

Numbers are given in Chapters one word. For example: veinticinco cuarenta y
Irece

I,2

and 5. The numbers I to 29 are written

L3

as

25

Thereafter they are written as three words:

nueve pesetas.

49

When you refer to exactly 100, the number 'ciento' shortens to 'cien':

2Cunto va|e7 Cien

How much is it? l00 pesetas.

250 men. 520 pesetas.

Multiples of

hundred agree with the noun they qualifii:

Doscientos cincuenta hombres. Ouinientas veinte pesetas. Dos mil pesetas. Doce mil pesetas.
I

1000 is expressed by 'mil' and is invariable in most situations: 2000 pesetas. 12 000 peseras.

000 000 is expressed by the noun .un mil|n' and is therefore followed by .de':

Un mil|n de pesetas. Trece millones de habitantes

I 000 000 pesetas.

l3 000 000 inhabirants.

346 MASTERING sPlN/s1

Expressing the date is found in Chapters 10 and 15. The days of the week and months of the year are written with a small letter, unless they begin the sentencer and the first of the month can be expressed by using'primero' (although

'uno' is acceptabie):

Voy a Pars e| dos de

diciembre.

I'm going to Paris on the second of December.

Come and see me on Tuesday. I'm going to Seville next Friday.

'On' with a date is always expressed by 'el':

Venga a verme el

martes. viene.

'Next' is expressed by the short phrase 'que viene':

Voy a Sevilla el viernes que

'Last' is expressed by 'pasado':

Sa|i de Madrid e| mirco|es pasado.

He left Madrid last $ednesday.

Habitual actions can be expressed by making the day of the week plural. Only .los sbados' and .|os domingos', and the others two days have plural forms, form their plural by the use of the plural definite article:
Voy a la iglesia los domingos Voy al teatro los..1ueves.
I go to church on Sundays. I go to the theatre on Thursdays.
is:

Telling the time is found in Chapter 5. To ask the time the basic question 2ou hora es7
Es la una menos velnte

\hat's the time?

It's twenty to one.

If I o'clock occurs in the answer, the verb will be singular:

For all other times, the verb will be plural:

Son las tres y
details:

cuarto.

It's a quarter past three.

Between the hour and half past the hour the word 'y' is used to add precise
Son las tres y diez. Son las cuatro menos
2A qu hora sa|e e|

It's ten past three.

Between half past and the hour the word 'menos' is used:

cinco.

It's five to four.

is:

To ask at what time something happens the basic question

autocar?

What time does the coach leave?

It leaves at half past seven.

Both 'es' and 'son' are now replaced by 'a':

Sale a las siete y medta.

GRAMMAR SUMMARY 347

4 Neqatives
(i) No
The basic negative is 'no' and is placed before the verb:
Soy

No soy

ingls. ingls.
as a one-word answer:

I'm English. I'm not English.

'No' can be used

2Le gusta el coac7

No.

Do you like brandy? No.

(ii) Nunca
Never is expressed by 'nunca'. This can be placed before the verb: Nunca voy al

cine. cine.

I never go to the cinema.

Or it can be placed after the verb with 'no' before the verb: No voy nunca al 1Fuma usted?
I never go to the cinema.

It can also be used as a one-word answer:

Nunca.

Do you smoke? Never.

(iii) Nada
Nothing (nada) is used in the same way as 'nunca':
Nada quiero. No quiero nada. 1ou quiere? Nada.
I don't want anything. I don't wanr anyrhing. !(/hat do you want? Nothing.

(io) |adie
Nobody (nadie) can be used as the subjecr of the verb and takes the third
person singular:

No lo sabe nadie. 2ouin lo sabe? Nadie.

sonal 'a' (see 5(v) below):

Nadie lo sabe.

Nobody knows it. Nobody knows it. Who knows it? Nobody.

It can also be used as the object of the verb and is then preceded by the per-

A nadie veo. No veo a nadie. 2,A quin busca usted? Anadie.

I can see nobody. I can see nobody. \l'ho are you looking for? Nobody.

348 [Link]

5 Pronouns
(i) Direct object pronouns
These are as follows and are placed before the verb usually, but on the end of
the positive imperative:

Me
Me ve.

Me

He sees me.
I see you.

t"

You (familiar)

u"o.

Le Le veo.
La

Him
I see him.

Her, it (fem.
I see her. I want it.

object)

La veo. La quiero.
LO

No lo quiero.
Le Le veo.
LA

It (masc. object) I don't want it. You (polite, masc.) I see you.
I see you.
Us

You (polite,;fem.)

La veo.

Nos Nos ven. Os Os ven.

Les Las

They see us. You (familiar, plural) They see you.

Them (masc., people) I can't see them. Them (fem., people or objects)

No les veo. Ahora las veo.

LOS

Nclw I can see them.

Them (masc., oblects) I don't want thern. I can see you.

No los quiero.
Les

You (polite, masc. plural)

Les veo.
Las

No las veo.

You (polite, fem. plural) I can't see you.

(In some areas of Spain 'lo' is used for 'him'.)

Direct object pronouns are placed on the end of the positive imperative:
Escrba|o, por

favor.

rJ7rite it down, please.

GR MMAR SUMMARY

349

(ii) Indirect object pronouns

For all but the third persons these are identical to the direct object pronouns. 'Le' is used for all the third persons singular and 'les' for the third persons
plural: Le hablo.
Les hablo. I speak to him (to her, to you). I speak to them (to you).

The meaning is usually clear, but if ambiguity occurs it is resolved by

adding a short phrase after the verb.
Le digo Le digo Le digo Les doy Les doy
lac

a a a a a

usted.
l.

ella.

ustedes
ellos.

rlnrr a all:<

I I I I I I

say to you. say to him. say to her. give to you.

give to them (masc.). give to them (fem.).

Indirect object pronouns are also placed on the end of the positive imperative: Deme un paquete de

cigarrillos.

Give me a packet of cigarettes.

If both direct and indirect pronouns are found the order is invariably:

indirect

Me

direct

lo lo

aerb

da.

He gives it to me.

If a third person indirect pronoun is involved 'se' replaces all the third person
forms:

Se

da.

He gives it to him.

Any ambiguity about the meaning of 'se' is resolved in the same manner as previouslv exolained.

(iii) Possessioe pronouns

Each possessive pronoun has four forms as follows: mto, mta, mtos, mtas mlne yours (familiar) tuyo. tuya, tuyos. tuyas suyo, suya. suyos, suyas his, hers, yours, theirs nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras ours vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras yours (polite)

After the verb 'ser' the pronouns are used on their own:
1De quin es esta ma|eta7 Es lSon tuyos estos guantesT

ma. \7hose is this

suitcase? It's mine.

Are these gloves yours?

In all other cases the pronouns are preceded by the appropriate definite article:

2Una fa|da? Compr |a ma en

esa tienda.

A skirt? I bought mine in that

shop.

350 MASTERING SPINISH

(it:) Demonstratioe Pronouns

These are the same as the demonstrative adjectives (see 2(v)) but have a stress
mark to show they are a different form:
2Es sta su maleta? No. Aqulla. Is this your suitcase? No. That one over there.

(zt) The

personal 'at
I see John. I see the boy. I see the girls.

This is found before the direct object of the verb when that object is a person:
Veo a Juan. Veo al chico. Veo a las chicas.

Adverbs
Adverbs are formed from the feminine singular of the adjective with the addition of '-mente'. rpida
+

Traba1a

mente = rpidamente rpidamente.

rapidly He works rapidly.

If several adverbs are found in one sentence' it is normal to leave '-mente' off all

but the last one:

Traba'ia rpida, tranqui|a y

metdicamente.
replaced by short phrases. For example:

He works quickiy, quietly and methodically.

Some adverbs are cumbersome when formed in the usual way and are usually frecuentemente = con frecuencia indudablemente = sin duda cuidadosamente = con cuidado finalmente = por fin completamePlg = Por comPleto
Several adverbs are irregular: frequently

undoubtedly carefully finally completely well badly

^,, ^ v urr^rJ
;

bien
mal deprisa

t,1,,

despacio mucho poco

ms

slowly a lot little

more
less late

menos

tarde temprano

early

GRMMAR9UMMARY 35l

7 The present tense

(i) Regular aerbs
verbs are divided into three conjugations and are usually referred to by the verb-ending in the infinitive -'ar','-er'and '-ir.' Subject pronouns are little used in Spanish except for the 'usted' and 'ustedes' pronouns, which are used with the third persons of the verb to convey the polite 'you' form. The regular
verbs are as follows:

-ar comprar

-er

1yo 2t 3 |/e||a 3 usted 4 nosotros,/as 5 vosotros./as eIlos,/elIas ustedes

(to buy)

comer (to eat) vivir

vtvo

-ir

(to live)

compro compras compra compra compramos compris compran compran

como comes come come comemos comis comen comen

vives
vtve
VVe

vivimos
vivs vtven vtven

(ii) Verbs zuith irregular first person

Some verbs have an irregular first person singular only and follow the regular pattern for the other persons. Those found in this book are: coger (to catch, pick up) conducir (to drive (of a car)) conocer (to know (ofpeople,
places))

conduzco, conduces ... conozco, conoces... digo. dices ... (also radicalhago. haces... or9o, oyes ... parezco, pareces...
changing, see below)

coJo. coges ...

decir (to say, tell) hacer (to make, do) or (to hear) parecer (to seem, appear) poner (to put, place) saber (to know (offacts))
salir (to leave, go out) seguir (to bllow, carry on)

se, sabes... salgo, sales ...

pongo, pones...

sigo, sigues ... (also radicaltengo, tlenes ... (also radical-changing, see below) traigo, traes ... veo, ves... vengo, vienes ... (also radical-changing, see below)
changing, see below)

tener (to have) ver (to see) venir (to come)

traer (to bring)

352 MASTERING SPINIS-H

(iii) Reflexiue oerbs

These verbs have a reflexive pronoun before each person. A common example
of a reflexive verb is: llamarse me llamo te llamas se llama usted se llama nos llamamos os l|amis se llaman ustedes se llaman
passlve:
I

I'm called 1 I call myself) you're called

he's/she's called you're called we're called you're cailed they're called you're called
the

to be called (call oneselD

The third persons of the reflexive form are frequently used instead of
.as

naranias se r-ultivan en Valencia.

Oranges are grown in Valencia. (Oranges grow themselves in

El vino se produce en Daimiel.

Valencia.) Wine is produced in Daimiel. (Wine produces itself in Daimiel).

(ia) Radical- changing oerbs

These verbs change both the stem and the ending in certain persons and are divided into three groups: -o-

(-ue-) can)

-e- (-ie)
enTpezar (to begin)

-e- Gi.)

I 2 3 3 4 5 6

poder (to be able,

puedo venir puedes venir puede venir usted puede venir podemos venir podis venir pueden venir ustedes pueden venir

emplezo a las siete empiezas a las diez empieza a las once usted empieza a las dos empezamos a las tres empezis a |as cinco empiezan a |as cuatro ustedes empiezan a las nueve

pedir (to ask for, order)

only

-.-i'verbs

pido vino

nir'lc< ccrveza

pide caf usted pide leche pedimos agua peds naran.1ada piden agua mineral ustedes piden vino tinto

The stem changes when the stress falls on it, and the change affects persons 1, 2,3 and . The verbs are marked in the vocabulary lists in the following way poder (ue); empezar (ie); pedir (i).

(a) Four irregular oerbs

- 'ser', 'ir', 'dQr', 'estqr'

These four verbs have a similar pattern and are best learned as a group.

GR,4MMAR

SUMMARY

353

ser (ro be)

I soy 2 eres 3es 3 usted es 4 somos 5 sois 6 son 6 ustedes son

ir (to go) voy

vas
VA

dar
clas

(to giz,te)

estar (to be)

doy
aa
usted da

estoy
ests est

usted va

vamos
vais van ustedes van

damos
dais

usted est eStamos estis estn ustede5 estn

aan

ustedes dan

8 'Ser' and'estar'
'Ser' is used to express permanent conditions: Soy ing|s. Es profesor.

I'm English.

He's a teacher. (Note the absence of the indefinite article when

referring to a job or profession.)

'Estar'is used for one ofthree reasons:

To express position

Madrid est en Espaa.

Madrid is in Spain.
FIow are you? I'm well.

To express tenporay conditions

2Cmo est usted? Estoy bien.

To express a state which results frorn an action

Franco est mUerto'

Franco is dead. (The

died; the

state

action

he

he is dead.)

9 The immediate future -'ir a'

Maana VoV a Visitar

inlinitive

The irregular verb 'ir' (see 7(v)) is used to talk about future plans:

Toledo.

Tomorrow I'm going to Visit Toledo.

O There is, there are - 'hay'

4Hay un banco por aqu? S' hay muchos bancos en esta calle.
Is there a bank around here?

'Hay' expresses both the singular'there is' and the plural 'there are':
Yes, there are a lot of banks in
this street.

354 MASTERING SPANISH

ought', etc.

'Hay que' + infinitive is used to convey 'it is necessary', 'one should', 'you
Hay que visitar el castillo de

Coca.

You ought to visit the Coca Castle.

Giving ordes - the im

ative

The imperative is formed from the first person singular of the present tense; if that person has an irregular form the imperative also has the same form. The imperative is formed as follows: plural singular compren comprar -compr(o) = col'l'lPl'+ e = compre usted

beber -beb{o) = beb+a volver -vuelv(o) =

vuelv

= bebausted

ustedes

beban
ustedes

escribir -escrib(o) = escrib+a = escribausted

+a

escriban
ustedes
VUCIVAN

= =

vuelva usted ponQa ustd

poner

-pong(o)

= ponQ+a

ustecles

pon9an
ustedes

'-ar'verbs add an '-e' to form the imperative and all others add an '-a'. The only important irregular verb which does not follow this pattern is 'ir' (to go): vayan voy vaya usted
ustedes

This form of the imperative is used to give orders to strangers. The pronouns 'usted' or 'ustedes' are often omitted since it is clear to whom the order is being given. Obyect pronouns are placed on the end of the imperative when it is positive and in the normal position when the command is negative:

decir

-dig(o) =dig+a

diga usted

digan
usteoes

Dgamelo.

No me lo diga.

Tell it to me. Don't tell it to me.

2 Talking about the weathe

+

'Hace'

noun is the usual way to express most weather conditions:

1ou tiempo hace7 Hace buen tiempo. Hace mal tiempo. Hace calor.

!hat's the weather like?

It's fine.

The weather's bad.

It's hot.

GRMMAR SUMMARY 355

Hace fro. Hace sol. Hace viento. Hace mucho

It's cold. It's sunny.

It's windy.

Since nouns are being used they are modified with 'mucho':

calor.

It's very hot. It's raining. (At this moment lt ls raining.) It rains a lot in England. (Habitually it rains a lot.) It's snowing. tAt this momenl it is snowing.) It snows a lot in the Pyrenees. (Habitually it snows a lot.)
It is foggy.

Other weather conditions are as follows: Est |loviendo' Llueve mucho en Inglaterra. Est nevando.

Nieva mucho en los Pirineos. Hay niebla.

3 To know . 'sabe,,
S su

,Co]1oce,, ,Poder,

'Saber' is used to say you know a fact or how to do something:

2Sabe usted bailarT

nombre.

I know his name'

Do you know how to dance?

I know this gentleman.

'Conocer' is used to say you are familiar with a person, a place or a work of art: Conozco a este seor. 2Conoce usted MadridT Conoce muy bien las novelas de
GaIds.

Do you know Madrid? He knows Galds's novels very

well.
it:

'Poder' is used to say you can do something or have permission to do I can't go out today. No puedo salir hoy.

4 lmpersonal verbs - 'gustar',

etc.

Only the third persons singular and plural of these verbs are commonly used and object pronouns are used to indicate the subject of the verb. In fact, the subject of the English sentence becomes the object of the Spanish sentence and
vlce versa:

Gustar Me gusta el vino or El vino me gusta.

To please, like

I like wine. (Wine pleases me.)

356

MASTERING SPIN1s'l1

Me gusta bailar or

Me gustan las uvas or

Bailar me gusta.

I like dancing. (Dancing pleases me.) I like grapes. (Grapes please me.)

Las uvas me gustan.

Negatives are placed in the usual position:

No me gusta el

calor.

I don't like the heat'

Other persons are referred to by using different pronouns:

2Te gusta el vino? Le gustan las vacaciones.

Do you like wine? (familiar) He likes holidays.

The pronoun 'le' is also used to refer to 'she' and 'you' and any ambiguity is resolved by using additional phrases:
Le 9u5ta a | e| coac. Le gusta a ella la cerveza. Le gusta a usted el vino.

He likes brandy.

iOs gusta mi falda?

Nos gusta este hotel.

Les gustan esos zapatos.

You like wine. We like this hotel. Do you like my skirt? (familiar) They like those shoes.

She likes beer.

The pronoun 'les' is also used to refer to 'they' (fem.) and 'you' (pl.) and any ambiguity is again resolved by additionai phrases: No les gusta a ellas el vino. 2les gusta a ustedes el hotel?
Other verbs with a similar pattern are:

They do not like wine (fem.). Do you like the hotei?

To bore

Aburrir Me aburre el arte moderno. Encantar Me encantan los edificios

antrguos.

Modern art bores me.

To like a lot I like old buiidings a lot. To need I need more money. To natter To interest art?
To seewt

Hacer falta Me hace fa|ta ms dinero. lmoortar No me importa el precto.

lnteresar
2Le interesa a usted el arte

The price doesn't matter to me.

Are you interested in modern
It seems very pretty to me.
To haae left I have I 00 pesctas left.

moderno?

Parecer

Me parece muy bonito. Ouedar Me quedan cien pesetas.

GK4MMAR SUMMARY 357

5 ldioms using 'tene,

+ noun:

A number of common exoressions use 'tener' Tengo Tengo Tengo Tengo Tengo Tengo Tengo Tengo Tengo
calor.
fro. sed. prisa. razn.

suerte.

sueo' hambre
miedo.

I'm cold. I'm thirsty. I'm in a hurry. I'm right. I'm lucky. I'm sleepy. I'm hungry. I'm frightened.

I'm hot.

used to modifu the noun:

Since Spanish nouns are used to express English adjectives, 'mucho' (or 'mucha' with the feminine nouns 'sed', 'prisa', 'suerte', 'hambre') must be
Tengo mucha hambre. 'Tener' is also used to express
age:

I'm very hungry. I'm 45 years old.

John has to go to Madrid.

Tengo cuarenta y cinco aos. Juan tiene que ir a Madrid.

'Tener que' + infinitive means 'to have to, must'

6 The past tense - the preterite

is:

(i) Regular aerbs

The form of the preterite of regular verbs -a
Comprar

l 2 3 3 4 5 6 6

Compr pan.
Compraste vino.

Compr cigarri||os. Usted compr revistas. Compramos recuerdos. Comprasteis discos. Compraron pasteles. Ustedes compraron coac.

You bought wine (familiar). He bought cigarettes. You bought magazines (polite).
\7e

To buy I bought bread.

You bought records (familiar). They bought cakes. You bought brandy (polite).
To eat I ate a lot. You ate a little (familiar).

bought souvenirs.

-er
Comer

Com mucho.
Cami<p narn

358

MASTERINC; SPI,\'ISI1

3 3 4 5 6 6
-ir

Comi bien. Usted comi ma|. Comimos en casa. Comisteis en el hotel. Comieron demasiado. Ustedes comieron muy poco

He ate well. You ate badly (polite). We ate at home. You ate in the hotel (familiar). They ate too much. You ate very little (polite).
To leaae I left early.

Salir

1 2 3 3 4 5 6 6

Sal temprano. Saliste tarde. Sali ayer. Usted sa|i a |as tres.

Salimos Salisteis Salieron Ustedes

en coche. muy tarde. a las cinco. salieron temprano.

You left late (familiar). He left yesterday. You left at 3 o'clock (polite). We left by car. You left very late (familiar). They left at 5 o'clock. You left early lpolite).

The preterite tense is used to talk about single, complete actions in the past (the imperfect tense is used to refer to repeated or habitual actions - see 18, below): Ayer compr un coche'
Yesterday I bought a car. (A single, complete action.)

(ii) Verbs uith irregularfirst person

Certain verbs have a spelling change in the first person singular to preserve the
sound of the verb:

Verbs which end in '-gar'

Llegar

Llegu a las dos.

Llegaste a las tres

(Additional 'u'before the 'e'.) You arrived at 3 o'clock.

To look for I looked for the hotel. ('c'

To arriae I arrived at 2 o'clock.

Verbs which end in '-car'

Buscar

Busqu e| hote|.
Buscaste a Juan.

changing to 'qu' before the 'e'.) You looked for John.

To begin I began at 2 o'clock. ('z'

Verbs which end in '-zar'

Empezar Empec a |as dos.

Empezaste m5 tarde.

changing to 'c' before the 'e'.) You began later.

GRMMAR SUMMARY 359

(iii) Verbs zaith spelling changes in the third persons

Other verbs have a spelling change in the third persons singular and plural, when 'i' changes to 'y' between two vowels:
Leer Le e| peridico'
Ley una nove|a. I prreran 12 c r4rtrl To read I read the newspaper.

He read a novel. They read the letter.

Verbs which behave in a similar way are 'creer' (to believe), 'oir' (to hear) and 'construir' (to build).
changes to 'u' or 'e' changes to 'i':

Some'-ir'verbs have changes in the third persons singular and plural 'o'

Dormir Dorm bien. Durmi ma|. Durmieron mucho.

'Morir' (to die) behaves in a similar way.
Pedir Ped chuIetas. Pidi pae||a.
|)ir1iaran np<rlrn

To sleep

I slept well.

He slept badly. They slept a lot.

To ask .for, order I ordered chops. He ordered paella. They ordered fish.

'Preferir' (to prefer), 'repetir' (to repeat)) 'seguir' (to follow) and 'servir' (to
serve) behave in a similar way.

(ia) Irregulqr uerbs - the ,pretrito graae, A group of verbs change both the stem and the endings when the preterite
follows:

formed' These verbs are known as the .pretrito grave, and the pattern is
To ualk I walked along the street.

is
as

Andar

I 2 3 3

Anduve por la calle. Anduviste por la plaza. Anduvo por la ciudad. Usted anduvo por el campo. Anduvimos mucho. Anduvisteis al cine. Anduvieron por la calle. Ustedes anduvieron mucho.

You walked through the square

(familiar).

'{ 5 6 6

You walked through the countryside (polite). We walked a lot. You walked to the cinema
(familiar).

He walked through the city.

They walked along the street. You walked a lot (polite).

Both the new stem and the endings have to be learned with these verbs, which
are as follows:

360

MASTERING sPlN1s1

conducir
decir

estar - estuve, estuviste, etc. hacer - hice, hiciste, etc.

dUe. dUiste, etc.

- conduje,

conduJiste, etc. to drive

to say, tell to be to do, make (llore: third

person singular

to be able, can to put, place to produce to want, wish to know supe, supiste, etc. saber to have tuve, tuviste, etc. tener traer - traie traiiste etc. to bring to come venir - vine. viniste, etc. if the third person plural of these verbs has a'j'before the ending, the Note that 'i' of that ending is lost: decir - dleron; traer - traJeron.

poder - pude, pudiste, etc. poner - puse, pusiste, etc. producir - produje, produ.;iste. etc. querer - quise, quisiste, etc.

hizo)

de' + infinitive

l7

Talking about the immediate past - 'acabar

'Acabar de' is used to express what has just happened, with the present tense of 'acabar' beine used:

Acabo de llegar. E| seor Mora|es acaba de sa|ir

I've just arrived.

Mr Morales has just left.

8 The imperfect tense

(i) Regular oerbs

The forms of the imperfect tense are as follows:

.a
comprar (to buy)

-er
comer (to eat)

-tr

I 2 3 3 4

compraba pan comprabas uvas

compraLra revistas usted compraba pasteles

coma mucho comas poco coma demasiado usted coma en casa comiamos en una
cafetera

aiair (to lite) viva en Madrjd vivas en MIaga viva en Francia usted viva en Bi|bao vivamos en
Inglaterra vivais cerca de

5 6

comprbamos recueroos comprabais cigarrillos compraban flores

comais en Casa coman en Un

restaurante

Madrid vivan en Londres

GRAMMAR SUMMRY

361

ustedes

ustedes coman pan

ustedes vivan en

compraban vlno

Barcelona

(ii) Irregulqr aerbs

Oniy three verbs are irregular in this tense:
ser (ro be)

I 2 3 3 4 5 6

ir

(to go)

aer (to see)

era

eras
era

iba ibas iba

usted era
ramos
erais

usted iba bamos

ibais

vea veas veia usted vea veamos veais

eran ustedes eran

iban

ustedes iban

vean

ustedes veian

The imperfect is used in three ways:

To describe things in the past

Era muy alto y tena e| pelo rubio.

FIe was very tall and had blonde hair.

To express repeated or habitual actions in the past When I lived in Madrid, I used to Cuando viva en Madrid,
visitaba el Prado todos los visit the Prado every Sunday.

domingos.

A continuous action in the past which is interrupted

Lea e| peridico

usted

||eg'

cuando

I was reading the paper when you

arrived'

This is formed from the imperfect of 'estar' + the present participle. The

9 The imperfect continuous - | was -i

Estaba buscando a mi h1o. Estabas viendo |a te|evisin. Estaba tomando caf. Usted estaba esperando el autobs. Estbamos sacando fotos de la catedral. Estabais lugando al golf . Estaban comiendo. Ustedes estaban tomando el

present participle of '-ar' r,erbs ends in '-ando' and that of '-er' and '-ir' verbs in '-iendo':
I was looking for my son. You were watching television. He was drinking coffee. You were waiting for the bus.

We were taking photographs of the

sol.

You were piaying golf. They were eating. You were sunbathine.

cathedral.

362 MASTERING SPINISI

E9E

^VWWIS

VWWV)

sI puB

(8uI-

.ssoq 'eJe[ru] uol opuPlqPq PqPlsf tu 01 8uI{IE] SB.4d I zopuer)Pr-.| patsn PqPlse 9no? .8ulop no oJo'{\ ]Eq/)N :qsruBds ua{ods ur traJradurr aql o1 psrreJard I' LuJoJ qSII8uE eq] I}3Bxe se^IioJ snonultuoc ]JeJJeduI eqJ
sB,t\

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Mastering

Spanish
Second edition

Robert Clarke
Lecturer, Uniz,tersity of York Language Teaching Centre

Founding Editor

Betty Parr

MACMILLAN

ffi

O Robert Clarke 1982, 1995 Text artwork O Macmillan Press Ltd 1982' 1995 Photographs, other than those sourced, O Robert Clarke 1982,1'995

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of

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First edition 1982

Published by

Second edition 1995

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ISBN 0 333 6t435-6 ISBN 0-333-61437 2

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Contents

Introduction: how to ttse this book

Guide

to

pronunciation

tiii
t
I

l Buenos das' 2Cmo

Topics

est Usted? ldentification: introductions and goodbyes

Numbers l-20; Plural

Passing through Customs; Arrival at a hotel; Meeting friends Grammar Forms of address; Possession and identity; Asking questions;

4Tiene usted familia? ldentification: descriptions of oneself and family Talking about one's home town; Giving address and telephone number
Grammar 'Para'; Adjectives; Numbers Work and status
Topics

l5

21 I00; 'Tener'; 'Me llamo'+

name;

LCmo es sU ciudad7 Describing places and things

Description of home townl Recovery of lost property
Grammar 'Ser' and 'estar'; Contractions;
Topics

2B

'Hay'

Modif ing adjectives;

2Dnde est su ciudad? Finding out where things are

Finding places in a strange town; Describing the weather in strange town and at home Finding out, Time and weather; 'Mucho'; Negatives
Grammar
Topics
a

40

ZEn qu trabaja usted? Daily routine Talking about one's work; Enquiring about other people's jobs
and lives Grammar Regular and irregular verbs in the present tense; Numbers 100-1000; Teiling the time
Topics

53

I
6

Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters 1-5

66 69

2ou hace usted en sus ratos |ibres?

Leisure activities
Topics

Conversation after a meal; Discussion of leisure activities and facilities

Let's ...; Wishes and preferencesl 'Tener que' + infinitive; 'Saber'; Time oI day: Comparisons

Grammar

2Ou desea? Obtaining goods and services

Shopping for a dress and for shoes
Grammar
Topics

B4

.ouisiera Ver' + noun; Sizes; .2De qu es?'; .4Cunto va|e?,.,.Me lo quedo'; .Me parece' + adjective; .Valer'
.Ouiero'
+ noun;

rOu va a tomar? Ordering a meal

Topics

98

Eating in a restaurant
Grammar Imperative; 'Voy

'Tener hambre', 'tener sed'; Polite requests; Third person plural;

a'*

verb

aAdnde Vamos7 Obtaining services -'

Topics

ill

Travel by taxi, train and bus

[Link]

.zDnde?'; .Tener prisa'; .Prximo'; .Se puede' + infinitive; .Sentir'; .Conocer', Persnal pronouns; .Poder'; .Se' + verb to express

passive; Shortened adjectives

iv CONTENZS

|0 2Tiene una habitacin libre? Obtaining services - 2

Topics

t25

Booking a room in a hotel; Simple complaints Days; 'Creo que', 'me parece que'; Complaints; Radical-changing
verbs Grammar

Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters 6-10

139 143
a

1l zle gusta? Likes, dislikes and preferences

Visiting a tourist shop; Selecting presents; Ordering a snack in
caf
Topics

Grammar

'Gustar'; 'Encantar'; Lists; 'Este', 'ese', 'aqLJel'

t2 ZPor qU no Vamos al cine? Planning social activities

Topics

t57

Planning a trip to the cinema; Obtaining tickets; Inviting someone for a drink after the cinema .Porque', .2por qu7; .No importa'; .Ir en,' .ir a'; .1ou'+ adjective!; 'De acuerdo'; 'Poner'; adverbs
Grammar

l2 ZCUnto Vale? Obtaining goods and services in a strange town

Buying postcards; Finding out postage rates; Buying food for
Grammar
Topics
a

171

picnic

.Soy extranjero'; .ZCUnto Quantities in shops; Omitting nouns; .ste',.se', .aqul'; .1Cunto vale7'; Orders for shopping;

quiere?'

t4 2En qu puedo servirle7 Finding out what is possible

Hiring a car; Parking a car; Buying petrol
'2Es posible' + infinitive?; 'Por'; 'Listo'1 'Prohibido'; 'Lo mejor'; Negatives;'Lo' + adjective;'Dejar'
Topics

t83

Grantntar

CONZENZS

l5 zou vas
Topics

a hacer? Making Plans

Planning a weekend trip to a market; Arranging to play golf;

197

Talking about future Plans

Grammar

Usingthetelephone;'lra'+infinitive;'Conmigo';'Soler';'Tener .Antes de'; que'J infinitive; .Hay que' + inrnitive; Months;

'Nuestro'1 Future tense

I
l

Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters

1-15

210 214
a

2Visitaste
Topics

|a catedra|? Talking about the Past

Relating

visit to a strange town; Discussing what you did in town; Saying what else you did on a trip strange
a

The past; 'Acabar de' + infinitive; 'Tocar'; Pronouns

Grammar

17 1ComPraste algo?
Topics

Talking about the Past

2
a bar

227

Discussing purchases in a market; Recovering property left in

Grammar

Exclaiming;Morepronouns;Thirdpersonpluralsinthepasttense; 'tener 'Pasado'; 'Hace' + time; 'Estar seguro', 'estar equivocado',

razn,; Possessive pronouns;

.Sin' + infinitive

lB 2Ou deseaba?
Trying to buy
ToPics
a

Describing things in the Past

blouse seen earlier in a shop window; Seeking to identifit a stranger; Recalling how a town used to be
Grammar .Tampoco'1 More pronouns .Hab a, ;,Acordarse'; Imperfect tense;

239

l9 iou te pasa?
Topics

Sickness and health

Describing symptoms of illness; Telling a doctor how you feel; Obtaining medicines at a chemist's
Grammar

252

.Me siento' + adverb; .Me due|e'

+ part of the body;

.iou pasa?'

vi CONTENTS

20 lSocorrol
Topics

Emergencies

265

Reporting a robbery to the police; Dealing with a road accident

Grammar Imperfect, imperfect continuous and preterite tenses; .Irse'1 .-simo'; .Tan .'. como'; .ZEst muerto./herido
/r

oto?' ;' Nuestro';' Esta r' + adjective

I
S

Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters 16-20

278
282 285 292

Grammatical terms used

upplem entary a o c ab ul ary li s t s I{ey to the exercises Useful addresses and books

310
312

Grammar summaty

CONZENTS vii

lntroduction: how to use this book

$elcome to the new edition of Mastering Spanish. The course is intended for complete beginners but it also offers a valuable refresher course for those who have previously learned a little Spanish but now find that it has grown 'rusty'. A knowledge of Spanish will allow you to communicate with and understand not only the people of Spain but also the peoples and cultures of more than twenty republics in Central and South America, for Spanish is a truly international language. To help you learn quickly the sounds of Spanish and the correct lntonation of spoken Spanish, two cassettes have been provided to accompany the book. On the cassettes are recorded all the dialogues in this book and listening practice. Sections of the book included on the cassette are indicated by the

. [Link] symbol l\S.l . Somc of the Listening Material consists of authentic conversation between native speakers of Spanish. For advice on how to deal with this mater-

ial, see page 12. The book has a dual purpose. Firstly, it wiil help you learn to communicate with Spanish speakers in many everyday situations and to live among Spanish speakers without causing or suffering embarrassment or misunderstandings. If you intend to spend a holiday among Spanish speakers, or if you are involved in business activities with a Spanish or Latin American company) you will find this book will provide a grounding in the basic skills of communicating in Spanish. Secondly, this book offers the first stages in Spanish for students who wish acquire the basis for a more formal knowledge of the grammar and structures to of the language with a view to developing a reading knowledge or writing skills at

a later date. Each chapter deals with a situation you will almost certainly encounter in dealing with Spanish speakers and you will learn the language appropriate to that situation. In addition, each chapter develops the grammar and vocabulary to allow you to use it in different ways and to express ideas of your own. After Chapters 5, 10, l5 and 20 there are revision sections and tests
to a1low you to check your own progress in speaking and understanding Spanish.

Dialogues
The basic material of each chapter is presented in the form of dialogues; for
most effective use these should be studied with the help of the cassettes. The conrents list shows what is covered in each chapter - the chapter title describes

viii

MASTERING SPINISI

the main communicative aim and the topics set out the situations in which this aim is developed.

Vocabulary
This lists the words found in the dialogues together with other useful words and expressions. The book contains approximately 1000 words which have been selected from the lists devised by the Council of Europe in their publication (Jrt niael umbral (A threshold leae). Tltis publication sets out guidelines for adults who wish to iearn to speak and understand basic Spanish: to reach, in fact, the 'threshold' of genuine competence rvhilst being able to survive adequately in Spanish-speaking countries. It may be useful for you to compile your own vocabulary notebook as you work through the book, listing the words either alphabetically or under headings of your own choosing such as 'Family', 'Leisure' and 'Daily routine'. The following procedure will help you learn the words: cover up the English version, look at the Spanish words and try to guess their meanings. Check that you are right by revealing the English version and continue in this way untii you can

recognise all the new words. Then reverse the process and work from the English to the Spanish list. Try to learn with each new noun whether it is masculine (el/un), or feminine (la/una). A friend can help you here, asking you for the Spanish for English words and checking your answer in the book.

Explanations
Both background information and grammar are explained in this section. Students whose main concern is with speaking and understanding simple Spanish will probably not wish to pursue all the details of the grammatical

explanations and, from Chapter 7 onwards, these are therefore presented in tu'cl sections: the irst (marked A in the book) dealing with the basic grammar of the chapter and the second (marked B) extending the grammar and range of language covered. In addition there is in the reference Section a c(rmplete summary of all the grammar covered in the book and you may wish to study each section of the summary as its content is dealt with in the chapters of the book. The grammar references given in the explanations indicate the relevant sections in the summary.

Exercises
Each chapter presents the exercises in two sections: the first set (marked A in the book) is for students who wish to learn a basic range of simpie Spanish and rhe second (marked B) extends this basic range to include different situations IN'TRODUCTION: HOW rO USE 7H1S B()OK ix

and topics. The list of grammatical terms in the reference section will help you
to understand the explanations and the exercises more easily.

follows: usted?)

The role-play exercises require you to change the person of the verb

as

(Say you want = I want = Ouiero. Ask if he/she has = Have you? = 2Tiene

Reference mateia|
This contains additional word lists arranged by topics, keys to the exercises, a short list of useful addresses and reference books and a summary of the grammar found rn Mastering Spanish. This summary draws together for easy

reference the fundamentals of the different grammatical subjects covered in the explanations sections - so, for instance, having studied various aspects of verbs throughout a chapter, you can check quickly how these fit into the whole picture.

x [Link]

Guide to pronunciation

It is worth reading through this section now so that you gather a general idea of how Spanish is pronounced, particularly if you have not purchased the accom-

panying cassettes. Otherwise you will soon pick up the pronunciation as you proceed through the course and you can come back to this section simply for
reference.

Spanish is basicaliy an easy language to pronounce correctly because nearly all of the sounds found in Spanish are roughly similar to sounds already found in English. Each sound is pronounced in the same way every time it occurs and the written form of words is very close to the spoken form. See the individual sounds below and repeat them several times, do the same with the short phrases which contain the sounds in full words and repeat them several times; finally, look at or listen to an English name being spelled in Spanish and work out how to soell vour own name.

The vowels
Un kilo de patatas A kilo of potatoes Un litro de leche A litre of milk Un litro de vino A litre of wine Dos vasos de vino
Between 'cat' and 'father' (northern English' cat',' mat') First sound of 'eiephant'

Like 'ee' in 'seen'but shorter Like 'o' in 'for'but shorter Like 'oo'in'root'; 'u'is silent
after .q' in words such as (what?) or .aqu|' (that one) and also after 'gu * e' or 'gu * i' in words such as 'guisantes' (peas) Pronounced like the Spanish 'i'
,2qu?,

Two glasses of wine

Una blusa de seda pura A blouse of pure silk

My husband and my son

Mi marido y mi h1o

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION

xi

The consonants
l_r
rr

Un vaso de vino blanco A glass of white wine Cinco copas de coac Five glasses of brandy 2Dnde est Madrid7

Both very similar to the English

Before 'i' and'e'like 'th'in 'thin'. (In South American Spanish like 'c' in 'ice'.) Before anything else

'b'

like 'c' in 'cat' Where is Madrid?

Much softer than in English and

rather like 'th' in 'rlzough' As in English

2ou ta| |a fami|ia? How is the famiiy?

Usted coge la maleta granae You take the big suitcase 2ouin es ese hombre7
'Who is that man?

Before 'i' and'e'like 'ch'in Always silent

'loc/z'. Before anything else like

'g'in'go'

Garlic soup Dos kilos de uvas Two kilos of grapes Un litro de leche A litre of milk Se llama Manuel He's called Manuel No soy alemn I'm not German Este nio es espao| This boy is Spanish Mi padre es portugus My father is Portuguese 2Ou quiere usted7
$7hat do you want? 2Para qu sirve? $hat is it used for?

Sopa de

a1o

Like .ch' n,Ioch,

As in English As in English As in English As in English

Like 'ni' in 'onion'

As in English Always found with 'u' and pronounced like 'c' in 'cat' A rolied or trilled 'r'

rr

Un paquete de cigarrillos A packet of cigarettes

lsabe| es muy simptica Isabel is very nice Patatas fritas, por favor

A strongly rolled or trilied 'r' Like 's' in 'simple''

As in English
See 'b, v'

A glass of white wine 2EI wter' por favor? The toilet, please?

Chips, please Un vaso de vino blanco

As for 'v' (only found rn foreign words taken into Spanish)

xii MASTERING SPINIS'I

ZEl taxi est |ibre7 The taxi is free? Mi h1o mayor y yo

Un kilo de manzanas A kilo of apples

My older son and

Between vowels as 'gs' and elsewhere as 's' As in 'young'but more strongly

pronounced Always like 'th' in'thin'

Pronunciation patterns
Spanish is pronounced in a rhythmic way and the rhythm is produced by two
basic rules: (a) If a word ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o.

u),'-s'or'-n', the

last but one sound is

stressed: Las peras valen cuarenta y cinco pesetas el kilo. The pears cost 45 pesetas a kilo. (b) If a word ends in anything else, the last sound is stressed:

El relo.; del profesor es de oro The teacher's watch is made of gold.

Any word which breaks one of the two rules has a stress mark to show where the word should be stressed:

ouiero Una racin de.1amn de

Yorl<, por favor. portion of York ham, please. I want a

The Spanish alphabet

a. be. ce, de, e, efe, ge, ache, i. .1ota, ka' e|e, eme, ene, ee, o, pe' cU, ere, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve doble, equis, y-griega, zeta. 'Your name, please?' - iSu nombre, por favor? 'Clarke.' - Clarke. 'How is it written?' - 2Cmo se escribe7 'C-l-a-r-k-e.' - Ce, ele, a, ere, ka, e. 'Thank you.' - Gracias. Note that .' counts aS a separate letter in Spanish and thus
dictionary.

.maana' follows .manzano' in a Separate treatment in alphabetical listings. So

warrants

GItIDE TO PRONUNCIATION

xtit

MACMIIIAN MASTER SERIES

IIASTERII{G SPANISH

A comprehensive course for adults with no or little previous

read Spanish confi dently.

knowledge of the language who want to understand, speak and

suitab|e for home study or c|assroom courses by Robert C|arke, a successfu| teacher o Spanish to adu|ts, with many years' experience

pub|ished by Macmi|lan, the experts in |anguage teaching gradua| introduction to new vocabu|ary and structures with
careuI expIanations

d
in a

varied practice exercises plus puzzles to make sure you are confident with what you have learnt

extraunscripted dia|ogues so that you can get used to hearing

Spanish at a natural pace

covers

a|| the everyday situations you wi|| encounter in Spain and Latin America

is available as a book or with Nvo cassettes complete pack (ISBN 0-333-61436-4). The cassettes are also available separately (ISBN 0-333-61437-2). Your learning will be more effective and faster and your accent more accurate if you study with the cassettes.

Mastering Spanlsh

IJD|\

U-JJ-o

|+Jc-o

Cover illustration:
Danny Jenkins

lllll]llilLilil[lll

tfiillnfiil