Las expresiones de cantidad en ingls: some y any
Autor: Alexandra Vraciu | 14 comentarios
Some y any se utilizan cuando no queremos o no podemos expresar con precisin la
cantidad. Some yany hacen referencia a cantidades indefinidas y se podran traducir por
alguno/a; algunos/algunas. A nivel semntico, some y any son sinnimos. Lo que les
diferencia es el tipo de frase en el cual se utilizan.
Some
Se utiliza en frases afirmativas, delante de un sustantivo:
Contable en plural:
I have some friends.
Incontable (singular):
I have some money.
Any
Se utiliza en frases interrogativas y negativas, delante de un sustantivo:
Contable en plural:
Do you have any friends? No, I dont have any friends.
Incontable (singular):
Do you have any money? No, I dont have any money.
Observaciones:
1. Some se puede utilizar en preguntas para las que esperamos una respuesta afirmativa,
como por ejemplo ofrecimientos o cuando se pide permiso para algo:
Would you like some wine? (en una cena)
Could I have some more cake, please?
2. Any se utiliza tambin en frases aparentemente afirmativas pero que tienen un
significado negativo. Se trata de frases que contienen alguna palabra negativa
como never, hardly ever etc. y que, por lo tanto, no pueden tener el verbo en la forma
negativa:
I never drink any wine.
* Apple es un ejemplo de nombre contable, porque podemos contar manzanas, y
por tanto tiene una forma singular y otra plural.
apple
three apples
Ejemplos de sustantivos contables:
apples, hamburgers, biscuits, chairs, cups
* Sin embargo, algunos cosas, por ejemplo liquidos, no pueden contarse y por ello
no van normalmente en plural.
milk (No es posible `milks)
Ejemplos de sustantivos incontables:
milk, soup, money, bread, cheese, meat, rice
`A y `an
* `A y `an se emplean solo con sustantivos contables en el singular. Utilizamos
`a delante de sonidos consonantes y `an delante de sonidos vocales.
a pen
an orange
a university
an umbrella
a chair
an apple
a house
an hour (la hache es muda)
Some
* Some se emplea con los sustantivos incontables y tambin con el plural de los
contables, en frases afirmativas.
Ive got some milk. (incontable)
Shes got some biscuits. (plural)
Any
* Any se emplea para sustantivos incontables y con el plural de los contables, en
frases negativas y en preguntas.
I havent got any money. (incontable)
He hasnt got any brothers. (plural)
Have we got any sugar? (incontable)
Are there any chairs? (plural)
El artculo definido `the
* utilizamos the para referirnos a una cosa o persona especfica.
* A diferencia del castellano, no se emplea the con sustantivos incontables ni con el
plural de los sustantivos cuando hablamos de cosas en general. Tampoco lo
utilizamos con el genitivo sajn (-s)
I like cheese.
Me gusta el queso.
Tigers are dangerous.
Los tigres son peligrosos.
English is easy.
El ingles es fcil.
Johns leg.
La pierna de John.
Ejercicios
A Son estos nombres contables (c) o incontables (u)?
1. water ____________
2. fruit ____________
3. coconut ____________
4. bread ____________
5. DVD ____________
6. meat ____________
7. ball ____________
8. snack ____________
9. glasses ____________
10. pen ____________
11. milk ____________
12. chair ____________
13. gasoline ____________
14. table ____________
15. cream ____________
16. money ____________
17. oil ____________
18. insect ____________
19. sofa ____________
20. yogurt ____________
21. school ____________
22. bus ____________
23. food ____________
24. chocolate ____________
25. ship ____________
Las respuestas correctas
1. water (U)
2. fruit (U)
3. coconut (C)
4. bread (U)
5. DVD (C)
6. meat (U)
7. ball (C)
8. snack (C)
9. glasses (C)
10. pen (C)
11. milk (U)
12. chair (C)
13. gasoline (U)
14. table (C)
15. cream (U)
16. money (U)
17. oil (U)
18. insect (C)
19. sofa (C)
20. yogurt (U)
21. school (C)
22. bus (C)
23. food (U)
24. chocolate (U)
25. ship (C)
B `a o `an ? (Nombres contables)
1. ____________ uncle
2. ____________ hour
3. ____________ bus
4. ____________ dress
5. ____________ oven
6. ____________ beach
7. ____________ teacher
8. ____________ insect
9. ____________ taxi
10. ____________umbrella
11. ____________player
12. ____________eye
13. ____________castle
14. ____________artist
15. ____________river
16. ____________tent
17. ____________doctor
18. ____________exercise
19. ____________lady
20. ____________house
21. ____________envelope
22. ____________taxi
23. ____________idea
24. ____________computer
25. ____________chair
Las respuestas correctas
1. an uncle
2. an hour
3. a bus
4. a dress
5. an oven
6. a beach
7. a teacher
8. an insect
9. a taxi
10. an umbrella
11. a player
12. an eye
13. a castle
14. an artist
15. a river
16. a tent
17. a doctor
18. an exercise
19. a lady
20. a house
21. an envelope
22. a taxi
23. an idea
24. a computer
25. a chair
C. `a / an, `some y `any
1. Lisas got a / an towel.
2. Anas got a / some rucksack.
3. Lucas got an / some insect repellent.
4. Javi hasnt got some / any sunglasses.
5. Antonios got a / some swimming costume.
6. Ignacio hasnt got any / some sandwiches.
7. Angeles has got an / a apple.
8. There arent any / some cafs in the city.
9. I havent got any / some money.
10. Have you got some / any sun cream?
11. Weve got some / any sandwiches.
12. We need a / an torch for our camping trip.
13. There isnt some / any litter on the beach.
14. Im going to buy any / an ice cream.
15. Can I have some / a strawberries?
16. You can have this cereal with some / a milk.
17. Ive got any / some fruit.
18. There isnt some / an elephant.
19. There arent some / any sharks.
20. Are there some / any plants?
21. Is there a / an tree?
22. Is there some / any cheese in the fridge?
23. There is a / some water in the fridge?
24. The supermarkets got some / a strawberries.
25. Ive got a / some soup in the fridge.
Las respuestas correctas
1. Lisas got a towel.
2. Anas got a rucksack.
3. Lucas got an insect repellent.
4. Javi hasnt got any sunglasses.
5. Antonios got a swimming costume.
6. Ignacio hasnt got any sandwiches.
7. Angeles has got an apple.
8. There arent any cafs in the city.
9. I havent got any money.
10. Have you got some sun cream?
11. Weve got some sandwiches.
12. We need a torch for our camping trip.
13. There isnt any litter on the beach.
14. Im going to buy an ice cream.
15. Can I have some strawberries?
16. You can have this cereal with some milk.
17. Ive got some fruit.
18. There isnt an elephant.
19. There arent any sharks.
20. Are there any plants?
21. Is there a tree?
22. Is there any cheese in the fridge?
23. There is some water in the fridge?
24. The supermarkets got some strawberries.
25. Ive got some soup in the fridge.
D. `a / an, `some y `any
1. There isnt _________ electricity at the campsite.
2. There arent _________ sunglasses in the shop.
3. Ive got _________ apple in my bag.
4. There are _________ sandwiches.
5. Ill buy _________ bottle of water at the beach.
6. I havent got _________ radios in my room.
7. Is there _________ internet caf in your town?
8. There arent _________ computers in my classroom.
9. Have you got _________ brothers and sisters?
10. My teachers got _________ new car.
11. Theres _________ water in the bottle.
12. Im going to buy _________ chips.
13. There is _________ camera.
14. Shes got _________ pear.
15. You can have _________ potatoes.
16. Have you got _________ lemons?
17. Ive got _________ cherries.
18. We need _________ water.
19. Weve got _________ bread.
20. We dont need _________ strawberries.
21. Have we got _________ cheese?
22. Have you got _________ apple?
23. We need _________ banana.
24. Ive got _________ orange juice.
25. They havent got _________ hamburgers.
Las respuestas correctas
1. There isnt any electricity at the campsite.
2. There arent any sunglasses in the shop.
3. Ive got an apple in my bag.
4. There are some sandwiches.
5. Ill buy a bottle of water at the beach.
6. I havent got any radios in my room.
7. Is there an internet caf in your town?
8. There arent any computers in my classroom.
9. Have you got any brothers and sisters?
10. My teachers got a new car.
11. Theres some water in the bottle.
12. Im going to buy some chips.
13. There is a camera.
14. Shes got a pear.
15. You can have some potatoes.
16. Have you got any lemons?
17. Ive got some cherries.
18. We need some water.
19. Weve got some bread.
20. We dont need any strawberries.
21. Have we got some cheese?
22. Have you got an apple?
23. We need a banana.
24. Ive got some orange juice.
25. They havent got any hamburgers.
